Marine Monitoring Recommendation for Point Lepreau Nuclear Generating Station

8/7/2019 Marine Monitoring Recommendation for Point Lepreau Nuclear Generating Station

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\' FINAL REPORT TO THE DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES A

RECOMMENDATIONSFORA MARINE MONITORING REGIMEFOR POINT lEPREAU, NEW BRUNSWICK

Arthur A. MacKayMARINE RESEARCH ASSOCIATES LTDLord's Cove, Deer Island, N.B.Canada EOG 2JO

I'

Reference: F&E - 272DSS File No. 07SC.KF 806-8-C104

Dated: February 28, 1979


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TABLE OF CON

TABLE OF CONTENTSPAGE

1. INTRODUCTION

2. THE STUDY AREA 33. THE MARINE COMMUNITY 54. PRELIMINARY SPECIES SELECTION 315. LOCAL ENERGETICS 336. PROPOSED MARINE MONITORING PRO

GRAM 39

7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS & REFERENCES 7

APPENDIX 55


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INTROD

Marine Research Associates Ltd. was contracted onSeptember 22, 1978 "t o identify and describe the majorfeatures of the Marine Communities of the Point Lepreau,New Brunswick, Area." Specifically, the "statement ofwork" was as follows:,. To identify and describe the maior features of the marinecommunities of the Point Lepreau, N.B. area and identify thosesystems of species which may be vulnerable to intakes and dis charges of cooling sea water and radioactive discharges from thePt. Lepreau nuclear generating station.2. An identification is to be made of those species whichmight show any trends or effects resulting from activitiesat theplant and a selection made of species which, by sampling at ap propriate times, w ould give preoperational levels and subsequ ently monitor an y long-term trends caused by the plant.3. The selection should emphasize that the sampling and monitoring is to be related to environmental health and should consider pathways leading to higher trophic levels other than man.4. The report is to be written on the basis of existing publishedmaterial and other information available in subpublications, internal documents a nd reports. Any recognized gaps in knowledgewhich might lead to significant gaps in a monitoring regime are tobe identified.

CONSIGNEEDepartment of Environment (AOL)Bedford Institute of OceanographyDartmouth, N.S.Attn: Dr. J.M. Bewers

SCIENTIFIC AUTHORITYDr. D.J. ScarrattDepartment of EnvironmentBiological StationSt. Andrews, N.B.

SCIENCE PROCUREMENT MANAGERMr. W.G. CaudleScience Procureme nt ManagerMorris Drive at Akerley BoulevardP.O. Box 3000Dartmouth, N.S.


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68

75

CAPEBRETONISLAND

MilesoI I I,! I I Io Kilometres 100

A"fLANTIC OCEAN

5 f "%( fl: - l46

I i i . . 64' 60'

46

44 44

J64; ;0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6068C

2.1.1 THE STUDY AREA.

;[.


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HEST

2.1 THE STUDY AREAFor th e purpose of this study, the general study area was considered to be theshores, and waters of the New Brunswick coast of the Bay of Fundy from SaintJohn,west to the Maine border. Specific details were compiled within a 15 mileradius of the nuclear generating plant site at Point Lepreau, N.B. (F igure 2.1.1).

2.2 STUDY SITESWhile some field observations were made during the course of the study, data are

principally drawn from Marine Research Associates' data base and the following published reports:1) Applied Marine R.esearch l imited. BIOLOGICAL FIELD PROGRAMCONDUCTED AS A COMPONENT OF A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

INTAKE STUDY IN NEW BRUNSWICK. For James F. Maclaren ltd.1974.2) Caddy, J.F. RECORDS OF ASSOCIATED FAUNA IN SCAllOPDREGE HAULS FROM THE BAY OF FUNDY. F.R.B. Tech. Re

port No. 225, 1970.3) Maclaren Atlantic Limited. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR

THE POINT lEPREAU NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION. Re port to the New Brunswick Electric Power Commission, 1977.

4) Maclaren Atlantic l imited. COOLING WATER SYSTEM NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION. Environmental RepBrunswick Electric Power Commission, 1976

5) Maclaren Atlantic l imited. COMPAR ISON OF ENVI ROFACTORS RELATING TO ALTERNATIVE SITES FOR GENERATING STATION. Summary Report to N.B. DepFisheries and Environment, 1974.

6) Maclaren Atlantic Limited. PRELIMINARY ENVIRONMPACT STATEMENT - lEPREAU NUCLEAR GENERATIReport to the New Brunswick Electric Power Commission_.) Thomas, M.L.H. AN ECOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE INONE FROM CAPE SPENCER TO POINT LEPREAU, N.Appraisal of the Environmen tal Consequences of the Deve

Proposed for lorneville, N.B. Enviro nment Canada, 1973Data from other sources were used were appropriate.Figure 2.2.1 shows the location of field sites considered in


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//e B ~ I - l Y A L ,L / /.I fJI PELA'GfI II I / / fib / .; " 6 " ~ / /. (8 I ) ~ ~ , g . . . . . . . j / J \\I r/ NtJ "\ 6


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I / ., : [If) / __ '-- or. 1---1. -- e I:>- I 61/ IMACES BAY/

\>/ / e '. or1 Sampling Stations For The Biological Field Program

\ 131 Solid green circles indicate the many sampling stations for air. sea and land\ observations. The dolled lines and ship symbols identify the trawler sampiing routes. These were all part of the 20-month long Baseline Monitoringe/ Program which has collected data for comparative analysis after the stationBAY OF FUNDY is in operation6.3.1 LOCAL SAMPLING STATIONS PROPOSED BY N.B.E.P.C.

6. 4 SELECTION OF SPECIES FOR A MONITORING PROGRAM. Our final selection of species fo r a monitoring program is presented in Table 6.4.1. Wehave attempted, on th e whole, to select species which occur abundantly at eachsampling site, are easily collected, and playa significant role in th e food web. Inaddition, all trophic levels are represented and any trends within these communities should become apparent at some level within th e sampling assemblage.

6.4.1 ASCOPHYLLUM NODOSUM. A. nodosum is th e most common andabundant alga of rocky shores. At th e base of the food chain, it draws sustenance from the sun and water-borne nutrients. It provides food primarily toQrazers such as periwinkles. limpets and chitons. Offshore, drift A. nodosum isutilized by sea urchins (MacKay, 1976). These primary consumers lead ultimatelyto higher trophic levels including fish, birds and mammals.

6.4.2 ENTE ROMO RPHA Sp. E nteromorpha sp. is almost universally presentin embayments, estuaries and marshes. It utilizes sunlight and sediment nutrients and provides food for intertidal grazers such as periwinkles and flounders

and through these species passes to the higher trophic levels including fish,birds and mammals.6.4.3 LAMINARIA Sp. Kelps are an important part of the shallow subflora. They utilize sunlight and water-borne nutrients and provide food for

variety of subtidal grazers including limpets, chitons, gastropods and sea urall of which are utilized by secondary consumers on higher trophic levels. Trapid growth rate of Laminaria (Mann, 1972) make this an important monitspecies since uptake of radioactive materials such as 1-131 and Cesium shourapid.

6.4.4 SPARTI NA Sp. S partina is the chief component of local salt marPollutants reaching marshes by air or freshwater may be concentrated in thspecies. S partina is utilized principally by grazing gastropods and reaches htrophic levels through these animals. In addition, offshore drift of dead leais thought to contribute significantly to marine detritus feeders (Phillips, 1which are important food species leading to higher trophic levels (fish, birdmammals).46


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TABLE 6.4.1. RECOMMENDED SPECIES FOR A MONITORING PROGRAM AT POINT LEPREAU, N.B.SPECIES EMBAYMENT,

ESTUARYINTERTIDALZONE

SHALLOW SUBTIDAL ZONE

DEEP SUBTIDAL ZONE

PELAGICZONE

1. PLANTS EnteromorphaSpartina

Ascophyllum Laminaria -

2. GRAZERS Littorina littorea Littorina littorea Strongylocentrotus -

3. DETRITUS FEEDERS Nephthys Gammarus (Haploops tubicola) -4. SUSPENSION FEEDERS Mya Mytilus Modiolus {Nucula sp.l -5. PREDATORS &

SCAVENGERS Crangon Carcinus Cancer Cancer -

6. FISH Pseudopleuronectes Pseudopleuronectes Pseudopleuronectes Pseudopleuronectes Clupea7. BIRDS Purple Sandpiper Purple Sandpiper

Double CrestedCormorant

(Double CrestedCormorant)

Herring Gull

8. MAMMALS . - Harbour Seal Harbour Porpoise Harbour Porpoise9. PLANKTONIC FORMS - - Bulk SamplesMeganyctiphanes

SAMPLI NG LOGISTICS. Recommendations for sampling method, samplesize, timing and estimates of man-days re quired are provided in Table 6.4.2

6.4.5 NEPHTHYS INCISA. N. incisa is one of the most abundant species foundin intertidal and subtidal mud. It is believed to be a detritus feeder and is utilizedas a food by predatory invertebrates, fish and birds.

6.4.15 HAPLOOPS TUBICOLA. MacLaren Atlantic Ltd. (1977tube dwelling amphipod to be a common resident of deep water mies. Its feeding habits are unknown bu t it probably processes bottoIt would serve as prey fo r invertebrates and bottom fish.


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6.4.6 L1TTORINA L1TTOREA. The common periwinkle is the most commonintertidal gastropod. It grazes on seaweed, but will also process organic matter deposited on the beach surface. It is consumed by other invertebrates, fish and birds.6.4.7 MY A ARENAR IA. The soft-shelled clam is abundant in most mUdflats.It is a filter feeder which utilizes plankton. In addition to its commercial value,it is consumed by predatory invertebrates such as the moon snail and green crab

as well as flounder. These species in turn lead to higher trophic levels.6.4.8 MYTI LUS EDU LIS. The blue mussel is a common and abundant bivalve

found at the low water mark. It is a filter feeder and is consumed by a variety ofanimals including invertebrate predators, fish and birds.6.4.9 MODIOLUS MODIOLUS. The horse mussel is a subtidal filter feeder.Young are fed on by invertebrate predators, fish and birds. Adults do notappear to suffer from severe predation although they are probably consumed

by starfish.

6.4.10 NUCULA Sp. This is a deep water mud dwelling bivalve. Its feedingbehaviour is not known. However, it is a filter feeder which probably utilizesplankton, detritus or both. It is a common food of bottom fish (Tyler, 1971)and is probably fed on by invertebrate predators as well. Higher trophic levelswill be reached through these primary consumers. More suitable species may beselected once the monitoring program starts.

6.4.11 CRANGON SEPTEMSPI NOSUS. The sand shrimp is common in marshponds, estuaries, embayments and shallow sand and mud bottoms. It appears tofeed on smaller animals and animal debris. It is consumed by invertebrate predators, fish and birds.

6.4.12 GAMMARUS OCEANICUS. This is the common intertidal amphipod.It appears to feed on detritus and associated organisms but may also graze onplants. It is commonly consumed by invertebrate, fish and birds.

6.4.13 CARCINUS MAENAi. The green crab is reported to have arrived inthe Bay of Fundy in the fifties. It is an active predator feeding on intertidal invertebrates including clams. It serves as prey fo r fish and birds.6.4.14 CANCER Sp. The rock crab is a subtidal predator which feeds on var

ious invertebrates. It is prey for fish and birds.

6.4.16 PLEUDOPLEURONECTES AMERICANUS. The winteprobably the best selection for monitoring fish populations. It occhabitat and feeds on a vast array of plants and animals from these(Tyler, 1971; Wells, Tyler and Steele, 1973; Wells, 1974 and MacLLimited, 1975). In addition, the winter f lounder is prey for numerofish, birds and mammals.

6.4.17 CLUPEA HARENGUS. The Atlantic Herring feeds largeincluding Euphausid shrimp. In addition to being an important comit is prey fo r numerous fish, birds and mammals.

6.4.18 ARQUATELLA MARITIMA. The purple sandpiper is ater resident which feeds on intertidal molluscs and amphipods. It rend of a marine food web.

6.4.19 SOMATERIA MOLLISSIMA. The American Eider is a yresident. It feeds on intertidal organisms and represents the end ofweb.6.4.20 PHALACROCORAX AURITUS. The Double-crested Cyear around resident. It feeds in shallow and deep water on a vast avertebrates and fish.

6.4.21 LARUS ARGENTATUS. The Herring Gull is a year aroIt feeds on numerous species of intertidal invertebrates and on pelavertebrates and fish when they occur on the surface. In addition, itastic and active scavenger.

6.4.22 PHOCA VITULI NA. The Harbour Seal is a year aroundfeeds on benthic invertebrates and fish. It is at the top of the foodknown to concentrate certain pollutants.

6.4.23 PHOCOENA PHOCOENA. The Harbour Porpoise is thesident toothed whale, Major populations enter the area during the This species feeds on benthic and pelagic invertebrates and fish. Itto concentrate certain pollutants.

6.4.24 PLANKTONIC FORMS AND MEGANYCTIPHANES NBulk samples of plankton should be included in a monitoring regim48

TABLE 6.4.2 SAMPLING LOGISTICS


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SPECIES METHOD ESTIMATEDMAN-DAYS

SAMPLE SIZE STATION LOCATION SAMPLING PERIODW S S F

Ascophyllum xx x xEntermorpha x xx xSpartina xxxNephthys x x xxLittorina Hand To be determined 20Al l intertidal x x xxMya xx x xCrangon xxxGammarus xx xxCarcinus xxxLaminaria x x x xMytilus Diver 32To be determined x xAll subtidal x xModiolus x x xxCancer xx x xNucula Grab To be determined Al l bathyal x x xx 1,.j::@Rloops x xx x IPseudop leu ronectes > 24Otter trawl xTo be determined All bathyal x x x(Commercial and pelagicor charter)Plankton Plankton Tow To be determmed x xx xMeQanvctiohanes x xxClupea, adult Weir ITo be determined xLocalseinerClupea, brit 1Arquatella To be determined Local xShotgun 3To be determined Local xSomateria 6Phalacrocorax Shotgun xTo be determined Local xShotgun 6Larus To be determined xLocal x 2Phoca Shotgun To be determined xLocal x 6Phocoena Shotgun x2 Local x 4Shotgun x2 Local x

ESTIMATED MAN-DAYS/YEAR 105LOCAL MONITORING AT INTAKE AND OUT FALL (YEARLY) 20TOTAL ESTIMATED MAN-DAYS 125

ular, the Euphausid shrimp, Meganyctiphanes norvegica, should be the subject ofcareful sampling. We believe that this species is the principal summer food formost fish species and is the foundation of the commercial fishery. In addition, itis the primary food for thousands of seabirds and supports a substantial migratory

6.6 MODIFICATIONS TO THE PROPOSED MONITORINSince some marine species will be monitored in terms of humanper. comm., 1979) duplication of analyses would not be necessshould dulse be included in a public health monitoring program


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herd of Finback Whales and Right Whales.6.5 LOCAL MON ITO RING. The above species have been selected primarily forthe monitoring of radionuclides and, possibly, biocides. While the local marine

monitoring program will include collection of samples for this purpose, the probably impact of biocide use and thermal discharges dictate additional monitoringon a population level.While the regional impact of biocides and t hermal discharges will likely be minor,

the local impact will,we believe, be critical. We would expect reduction in somepopulations of plants and animals through thermal shock, biocide poisoning andreduction of local food species. As a result, fixed intertidal and subtidal sitesshould be established at both the intake and outfall. Representative sites on int ertidal and subtidal rock should be selected and marked within the range of theoutfall plume. Prior to startup, all species within a fixed meter square at eachmonitoring site should be counted. Each site should be assessed at regular intervals or following the use of biocides. Major changes at these sites should resultin an intensive survey to determine the cause. Offshore, grab samples should bemade at fixed sites to determine changes in the population structure of mudbottom communities.

Mortality of plankton, fish and to some extent benthic organisms, will re sult from passage into the cooling system. Monitoring of fish on trash racks inthe cooling water intake and daily assessments of fish accumulation should becarried out. Records should be kept of all entrapped species and samples shouldbe analysed quarterly for radionuclides.

In view of the volume of water passing through the system on a continuousbasis, it seems likely that substantial quantities of plankton will be destroyed.We would recommend, therefore, that this be assessed carefully, at least quart erly. We suggest that plankton sampling devices. processing known volumes ofwater fo r Tixea time periodS, be placed, Simultaneously, at the intake and out flow. T h e r l a ~ k t o n mort?lity should then be determined by a comparativeanalysIs 0 this data relative to total volume of the system per unit of time. Plankton samples from the intake and outflow should be analysed quarterly fo r radionuclides.

could be substituted fo r Laminaria sp. However, we must stressof samples and analyses should be fully co-ordinated and data mboth monitoring programs. In particular, it is essential, fo r a maprogram, that sampling sites be selected so that they fulfi l l the program as outlined in this report.Should it not be possible to initiate the completerrogram ois essential that specIes be included which, because 0 their feedand ecological position give the widest coverage of local systemswe believe that, minimally, the monitoring program s hould inclufrom each of the principal ecological groupings. The following,in decending order of importance.

1. Winter Flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) and HeClupea harengus).2. Double--crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus).3. Harbour Seal (Phoca vitulina) and/or Harbour Porpoise( Phocoena phocoena).4. Euphausid Shrimp ( Meganyctiphanes norvegica).5. ONE OF: Rockweed (Ascophyllum nodosum), Kelp (Laor Du Ise (Rhodymenia palmata).6. ONE OF: Soft-shelled clam (Mya arenaria), Blue Mussedulis) or Horse Mussel (Modiolus mOdiolus).7. ONE OF: Sand Shrimp (Crangon septemspinosus), Green

(Carcinus maenas), or Rock Crab (Cancer sp.).8. Shimmy Worm (Nephthys incisal.9. Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis).

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7.1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe would like to thank Dr. David Scarratt, Fisheries and Oceans, BiologicalStation, St. Andrews, N.B. and Dr. J.M. Bewers, Bedford Institute of Ocean ography, Dartmouth, N.S. for reading the manuscript and supplying valuablesuggestions.Jim McGrath, New Brunswick Electric Power Commission, Fredericton, N.B.,

kindly supplied his shelf copies of Assessment Reports which contained valuabledata incorporated in this report.The following M RA staff contributed as follows:

Robert Bosien (Data collection and proof reading).Peggy Leslie (Data collection).W.S. McKay (Financial control).R. Balabuck ( Graphics and printing).M. MacKay (Typesetting).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS & EFE

REFERENCESAnon. HISTORICAL STREAMFLOW SUMMARY ATLANTICInland Waters Directorate, Water Resources Branch, Water SurveOttawa.Applied Marine Research Ltd. BIOLOGICAL FIELD PROGRAAS A COMPONENT OF A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT INTAKNEW BRUNSWICK. For: James F. MacLaren Ltd. 1974.Bumpus, D.F. SOURCES OF WATER CONTRIBUTED TO THFUNDY BY SURFACE CIRCULATION. J. Fish. Res. Bd. CanaBumpus, D.F. et. al. A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR STUDYING NDRIFT WITH RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTS OFF GA Y HEADAND IN THE BAY OF FUNDY. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 16(61957.Bigelow, H.B. and W.C. Schroeder. F ISHES OF THE GULF OFBull. of Fish and Wildlife Service, Vol. 53. U.S. Gov't Print Offic1953Caddy, J.F. RECORDS OF ASSOCIATED FAUNA IN SCALLOHAULS FROM THE BAY OF FUNDY. F.R.B. Tech. Rept. No.

Chevrier, J.R. and R.W. Trites DRIFT-BOTTLE EXPERIMENTS IN THEQUODDY REGION, BAY OF FUNDY. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 17(6):

MacKay, A.A. LORNEVILLE BENTHOS, 1974. A SURVEY OINE RESOURCES OF THE LO RNEVI LLE AREA, N.B., CANArARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON THE BENTHIC FLORA AND F


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743-762. 1960.Environmental Protection Service. ENVI RONMENTAL ATLAS OF THE BAYOF FUNDY, SECTIONS I, II, II I and IV. Environmental Protection Service,Atlantic Region, 1977.Gaskin, D.E., M. Holdrinet and R. Frank. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDERESIDUES IN HARBOUR PORPOISES FROM THE BAY OF FUNDY REGION. Nature. Volume 233 (5320): 499-50 0. 1971.Gaskin, D.E., K. Ishida and R. Frank. MERCURY IN HARBOUR PORPOISES(PHOCOENA PHOCOENA) FROM THE BAY OF FUNDY REGION. J. Fish.Res. Bd. Can. Vol. 29(11): 1644-1645.1972.Gaskin, D.E. et. al. M ERCU RY, DDT and PCB in HARBOUR SEALS (PHOCAVITULlNA) FROM THE BAY OF FUNDY AND GULF OF MAINE. J. Fish.Res. Bd. Can. Vol. 30(3): 471-475.Gaskin, D.E. M. Holdrinet and R. Frank. FIVE YEAR STUDY OF DDT LEVELSIN HARBOUR PORPOISES IN THE BA Y OF FUNDY, 1969-1973. InternationalConf. on Marine Mammals, FAO at Bergen, Norway, 1976.Geological Survey of Canada. GEOLOGICAL MAPS: 1084A MUSQUASH, 1094A,ST. GEORGE, N.B. Department of Mines and Technical Surveys, Ottawa.Hachey, H.B. and W.B. Bailey. THE GENERAL HYDROGRAPHY OF THEWATERS OF THE BAY OF FUNDY. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada. M.S. Rept.BioI. Sta. No. 455. 1952.Leim, A.H . and W.B. Scott. FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC COAST OF CANADA.Fish. Res. Bd. Can., Ottawa, 1966.MacKay, A.A. A COMPARATIVE RESOURCE ALALYSIS OF THE DEERISLAND AND GRAND MANAN ARCHIPELAGOS, BAY OF FUNDY.Marine Research Associates Ltd. for Parks Canada. 1976.MacKay, A.A. THE SEA URCHIN ROE INDUSTRY ON NEW BRUNSWICK'SBAY OF FUNDY COAST. Marine Research Associates for N.B. Dept. of Fisheries. 1976.

WATER QUALITY. Marine Research Associates, Deer Is., N.B. 1MacKay, A.A. R.K. Bosien and B. Wells. BAY OF FUNDY RESVENTORY I. ST. CROIX RIVER-PASSAMAQUODDY BAY. MAssociates Ltd. Report to the N.B. Dept. Fisheries, 1978.MacKay, A.A., R.K. Bosien and B. Wells. BAY OF FUNDY RESVENTORY II. BACK BAY - LETANG INLET. Marine Research Ltd. Report to N.B. Dept. Fish., 1978.MacKay, A.A., R.I


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of Fisheries and Environment, 1974.MacLaren Atlantic Limited. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR THEPOINT LEPREAU NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION. Report to theNew Brunswick Electric Power Commission, 1977.Mann, K.H. ECOLOGICAL ENERGETICS OF THE SEAWEED ZONE INA MARINE BAY ON THE ATLANTIC COAST OF CANADA. I. ZONATION AND BIOMASS OF SEAWEEDS. Marine Biology 12(1): 1972.Mann, K.H. ECOLOGICAL ENERGETICS OF THE SEAWEED ZONE IN AMARINE BAY ON THE ATLANTIC COAST OF CANADA. II. PRODUCTIVITYOF SEAWEEDS. Marine Biology: 14(3), June, 1972.Miller, R.J. and K.H. Mann. ECOLOGICAL ENERGETICS OF THE1SEAWEED ZONE IN A MARINE BAY ON THE ATLANTIC COAST OF CANADA.III. ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS BY SEA URCHINS. Marine Biology 18,1973.MANN, K.H. and P.A. Breen. THE RELATION BETWEEN LOBSTER ABUNDANCE, SEA URCHINS, AND KELP BEDS. J. Fish. Res. Bd. 29(5):1972.Mann, K.H. SEAWEEDS: THEIR PRODUCTIVITY AND STRATEGY FORGROWTH. Science. 182, 1973.Miller, R.J. and K.H. Mann. PROD UCTION POTENTIAL OF A SEAWEEDLOBSTER COMMUNITY IN EASTERN CANADA. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada.28(11), 1971.Neish,I.C. THE DISTRIBUTION OF KELP AND OTHER COMMERCIALLY USEFUL MARINE ALGAE IN CHARLOTTE COUNTY, N.B.Applied Marine Research Ltd. P.O. Box 11, Halifax, N.S. 1973.New Brunswick Electric Power Commission. ENVI RONMENTAL ASPECTSOF THE POINT LEPREAU GENERATING STATION. A brochure.,Phillips, R.C. SEAGRASSES AND THE COASTAL MARINE ENVIRONMENT.Oceanus 21 (3): Summer, 1978.

Environmental Consequences of the Developments Proposed fo rN.B. En vironmen t Canada. 1973.Tyler, A.V. MONTHLY CHANGES IN STOMACH CONTENTSERSAL FISHES IN PASSAMAQUODDY BAY, N.B. F.R.B. TecNo. 288,1971.Wells, B.F., A.V. Tyler and D.H. Steele. INTERTIDAL FEEDINFLOUNDER (PSEUDOPLEURONECTES AMERICANUS) IN TFUNDY. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 30(9): 1374-1378.1973.Wells, B.F. EFFECTS OF TIDAL MOVEMENT OF THE FEEDTER FLOUNDER (PSEUDOPLEURONECTES AMERICANUS)POND, NEWFOUNDLAND, AND BRANDY COVE, N.B. M.ScUniv. Nfld., 1974.


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APDISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE RECORDS

ALGAE~ c r o s i p h o n i a arctaMaclaren (2-P, 8P).Agarum cribrosumMRA (3-A, 6-C, 7-P-C, 8-A, 9-A, 1D-A, 28P, 31-P-C, 32-P-C, 34-P,35-P, 36-P, 37-P, 38-C, 39-P, 40-P); AMR (3-P)_Alaria esculentaMRA (Tl-C, T2-P-C, 4-C- 8-A, 9-A, 10-A- 28-P, 31-P, 34-A, 38-P);Maclaren (l-P).Ascophyllum nodosumMRA (Tl-P-C, T2-P-A, T3-P-A, T5-A, 5-A, l1-C, 13-C, 15-P-A, 16-P-A,17-C-A, 19-A, 21-P, 22-P-C, 23-P, 25-C-A, 26-P, 27-C-A, 28-P-A, 29-P-A,3D-A); AMR (l-P, 3-P); Maclaren (l-P, 2-P, 3-P, 4-P, 5-P, 6-P, 7-P, B-P,9-P); Thomas (14-P, 10-P, l1-P, 9-P, 2-P, 5-P).

Chondrus crispusMRA (Tl-P-C, T2-P, T3-P, T5-P-C, 5-C, 15-P-C, i7-P, 19-P, 22-P, 25-C,27-P-C, 28-P-C, 30-P, 31-P, 33-P, 34-P-A); AMR (l-P, 2-P, 3-P); Maclaren (l-P, 2-P, 7-P, 8-P).Corall ina offic inal isMRA (28-P, 34-P-C); AMR (l-P; 2-P).Cystoclonium sp.Mac laren (l-P).o esmerestiaMRA (T4-P-C).Entermorpha sp.-- .._M RA (T1-P-C, T5-P-C, 13-C, 15-P, 17-P, 21-C, 22-C, 24-P, 27-A); Maclaren (l-P, 3-P, 4-P, 7-P)'Chordaria sp.MRA (T5-P).

Fucus distichus (edentatus)MRA (Tl-A, T5-P-C, 12-P, 14-P, 17-P-C34-P); Maclaren (l,P, 2-P, 4-P, 6-P, 7-PFucus spiral isMRA (15-P, 21-C, 28-Pl; Maclaren (l-PThomas (2-P, 5-P).Fucus vesiculosusMRA (Tl-P:C, n-p-c, T5-P-A, 5-P, 11-C2D-C, 21-P, 22-C, 23-P, 24-P, 25-C, 26-Plaren (l-P, 2-P, 3-P, 4-P, 5-P, 6-P, 7-P, 8Gracillaria stellataThomas (2-P, 5-P).Hildebrandia sp.

laminaria digitataAMR (l-P, 3-P).

Laminaria longicrurisAMR (l-P).Laminaria saccharina

Zostera-- iIMRA (27-P).CNIDARIA


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Maclaren (l-P, 2-P, 3-P, 4-P, 5-P, 7-P).Laminaria sp.MRA (T4-P-A, 3-C, 4-C, l8- P, 2D-C, 24-P-C, 25-C, 26-C, 28-P, 3l-C, 33-P34-P-A, 38-C); Thomas (2-P, 5-P).lithothamnion sp.MRA (Tl-P-A, T2-P, T3-P, T4-P-C, T5-P, 2-C, 3-A, 4-C-A, 6-A, 7-A, B-A,goA, lD-A, l5-P, l8-P, 27-P, 28-P-C, 3D-P, 3l-P-C, 32-P-C, 33-C, 34-C, 35-P-C,36-A, 37-A, 38-P, 39-A, 4D-P-C); AMR (l-P, 3-P)'PhycodrysMRA (32-C, 33-C, 38-P); AMR (l-P,).Polysiphonia lanosaMRA (Tl-P-A, T2-P-C, T5-A, 5-C, ll-P, l3-C, l5-C, l6-P, l7-A, 19-P,2l-C, 25-C, 27-C, 28-P, 3D-A); Maclaren (l-P, 2-P, 3-P, 4-P, 5-P, 6-P,7-P, 8-P, 9-P).PorphyarvIRA (Tl-P, T5-P-C, l3-P-C, l5-C, l7-P, l8-P, 24-P, 25-P-A, 27-C, 30-P).PtilotaAMR (l-P, 3-P).Rhodymenia palmataMRA (Tl-P-C, 27-C, 29-P, 3D-P); AMR(l-P, 3-P)'Spartina sp.T h o m ~ s (12-P, 23-P, 25-P, 26-P, 28-P, 29-P).UlvaMRA (Tl-P-C, T4-P-C, T5-P-C, l3-C, l4-P-C, l7-P-C, lB-C, 19-C, 20-C,2l-C, 23-P, 24-P, 25-C, 26-P, 27-C-A, 28-P, 29-P, 30-P, 3l-C, 33-C, 35-P,38-C); AMR (l-P); Maclaren (l-P).

SPONGESHalichondriaMRA (3-P, 4-C, 6-P, 7-C, 8-A, 9-C, 10-P, 3l-P, 32-C, 33-P, 34-P-C,35-P, 36-C; 37-C, 38-P, 39-C, 40-P).HaliclonaMRA (4-C, 6-P, 8-A, 9-A, l8-P, 3l-P-C, 32-C, 33-P, 34-P, 35-P, 36-A,37-A, 38-P-C, 39-A).lophonMRA (36-A, 37-A, 39-A).Red Shell Encrusting SpongeCaddy (ll7-P)'ScyphaMRA (3l-P, 33-C).Yellow Papillate Sp.Caddy (102-P, l17-C, 118-P, l19-C, l20-P, l51-C, l5l-C).Unidentified Cliona-IikeMRA (6-P, 7-P, 8-A, 32-C); Caddy (l17-C, l19-C, l20-C).Unidentified Yellow Encrusting SpongeMRA (Tl-P, T5-P).Branching SpongeCaddy (120-P).

Bunodactis stellaMRA (Tl-P, n-p, T5-P, 27-P)'Cerianthus borealisMRA (T4-P).Cyanea capillataMRA (l-C).Diadumene leucolenaMaclaren (2-P).Edwardsia sipunculoideaMRA (25-P).lucernariaMRA (32-P).MetridiumMRA (l-A, 4-C-A, 8-A, lO-P, 20-P, 32-P, ObeliaMRA (9-A, 10-P, 32-A, 33-P, 34-C, 36-P, Sertularia pumiliaMaclaren (2-P); Thomas (2-P, 5-P).Tubularia sp.MRA (4-C, 6-P, 7-P, 8-A, 9-CA, 32-P-C, 337-P, 39-P)'Unidentified AnemoneMRA (Tl-P, frC, l3-P, 19-P)'

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FLATWORMS AND NEMERTEANSLineus

Bl\Iccinum undatumMRA (Tl-P, T4-P, 4-C, 7-P, B-A, 9-P, lO-P. l8-P, 26-P, 3l-P, 34-P, 35-P,36-P, 37-P, 39-P, 40-P); Maclaren (l-P).

lunatia herosMRA ( T5-P); Thomas (27-P).Macoma balthica


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MRA (Tl-P, T2-P, n-p , T5-P, l6-P, 19-P, 28-P, 29-P).NotoplanaMRA ( Tl-P, T5-P, 2B-P).ProcerodesMRA (T2-P, ll-P, l3-C, l4-C, 2l-P, 27-A).PRELIMINARY LIST OF SPECIES - BRYOZOABugulaCaddy (102-P, l20-P).Encrusting BryozoaMRA (Tl-P, 27-C, 30-P, 3l-P, 33-P, 34-P-A, 35-P, 38-C).Erect Branching BryozoaMRA ( Tl-P, T5-P-C, 19-P, 25-C, 28-P, 30-P, 3l-P-C, 33-P, 34-P-C,35-C, 38-Cl.Flustrellida hispidaMRA (Tl-P, T5-P); Maclaren (2-Pl.MOLLUSCSAcmaea testudinal isMRA ( T5-P-C, l-P, 2-A, 3-C, 4-P, 5-P, l5-P, 17-P-C, l8-C, 19-P, 27-P,30-P, 32-A, 33-C, 34-P, 35-P, 36-C-A, 37-C-A, 38-P, 39-C-Al; Maclaren(l-P, 3-P, 4-P, 5-P, 6-P, 7-P, 8-P, 9-P); AMR (l-P).MRA (Tl-P, n-p , 28-P-C, 3l-P)

A n o m ~ simplexMRA (8-C, 28-C); Maclaren (2-P); Caddy (117-C, l18-P, l5l-C).Arctica islandicaMRA (17-P).

ColusMRA (T5-P).Coryphella

IMRA (T4-P, 6-P, 33-P, 34-P).DendronotusMRA (8-A, 34-P-C).Hiatella arcticaMRA \ 8-P).H y d r o ~ i a minutaThomas (29-Pl.IschnochitonMRA (7-P, 8-P, 9-P, lG-P, 28-P, 3l-P, 33-P, 34-P, 35-P, 36-C, 37-C, 39-Cl.,l ,Honna"\ I'Ittorea"MRA (T1-P, T2-P-C, n-p-A, T5-P-C, 5-C, ll-P-C, l3-C, l4-P, l5-P-C, l6-P-C17-P-C, l ~ - P , 20-C, 2l-P-C, 22-P, 25-P, 26-A, 27-P-C, 28-C, 29-C, 30-P,);AMR ( l - ~ ) ; Maclaren (l-P, 2-P, 3-P, 4-P, 5-P, 6-P, 7-P, 8-P, 9-P).littorina obtusataMRA (Tl-P, T5-P-C, 5-C, ll-P, l3-P, l5-P, 17P-C, 2D-C, 2l-P-C, 22-P,27-P-C, 30-Pl; Maclaren (l-P, 2-P, 3-P, 4-P, 5-P, 6-P, 7-P, 8-P, 9-P);Thomas (5-P).Uttor; na s ~ x a t i Iis

\MRA (Tl-P-C, T2-P, 5-C, ll-P, l2-P, l3-P, l4-P, l5-P, l7-P-C, 2D-C,2l-P-C, 22-P, 27-P-C, 28-P, 29-P, 3D-P); Maclaren (l-P, 2-P, 3-P, 4-P,5-P,6-P).loraMRA (T5-P-C).

Thomas (1 D-P, ll-P, 29-P).ModiOlus modiolusMRA (3-P, 4-A, 6-C, 7-P, 8-A, 9-A, lD-35-C-A, 36-C-A, 37-C-A, 39-C-A, 4D-Pl(2-P).MusculusCaddy o 17-Pl.Mya arenariaMRA (n-p-c, 5-P, l3-P, 22-P-C, 23-P,(l-P); Thomas (lD-P, ll-P, 23-P, 24-P,Mytilus edulisMRA (Tl-P-A, n-p , T5-P-A, l-P, 4-A,19-P- 2D-C, 22-P, 23-P, 25-C, 26-A, 27Maclaren (l-P, 2-P, 3-P, 4-P, 5-P, 6-P, Neptunea

MRA (T4-P, 3-C, 8-P, 3l-P, 33-P, 35-PCaddy (15l-P, l52-P).OnchidorusMRA (T4-P, 8A, 3l-P).Placopecten magellaniusMRA (T4P, 8-P, 34-P, 36-P, 37-P, 39-CThais lapillusMRA (Tl-P, T2-P-C, n-p , T5-P, 13-C,27-C, 28-P, 29-P-C, 3D-P); Maclaren (l8-P,9-P).VenericardiaCaddy (118-P).


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PagarusMRA (T4-C, 1-P, 2-C, 3-C, 4-P, 6-C, 8-C, 9-C. 18-P, 31-P, 33-C, 34-P,35-P, 36-C-A. 37-C-A, 39-C-A, 4G-P); Caddy (117-P, 151-P, 152-P).

Ophiopholis\ MR A (l-P, 3-A, 18-C, 31-P, 32-P-C. 35-P. 36-C-A. 37-C-A, 3B-P, 39-e-A.).

.Psolus fabricij

BRACHIOPODSTerebratulina septentrianalisMRA (4-C, 9-C-A, 31-P, 32-C 36-A); Ca


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SpirontocarisMRA (32-P).

ECHINODERMSf-sterias vulgarisMR A (Tl-P-C, T4-P, 1-P, 2-C, 3-P, 4-A, 6-C, 7-C, 8-C-A, 9-P, lO-C-A,18-P, 31-P, 32-P-C, 32-P, 34-P. 35-P. 36-P-C. 37-P-C, 38-P, 39-P-C,4G-P); AMR (l-P, 2-P, 3-P); Maclaren (2-P); Caddy (119-P).CucumariaMR A (T4-C, 3-P, 6-C, 8-P, 18-P, 35-P, 36-P, 37-P, 39-P, 40-Pl.CrossasterMR A (34-PI; CAddy (102-P, 117-C, 118-P, l19-P, l20-P).Echinarachnius parmaMRA (T4-P).GorgonocephalusCaddy (lOG-P, lOl-P, 102-P, 117-C, l18-C, l19-P, 120-C, 15l-A, l52-A,153-C).HenriciaMRA (8-C, 9-C, l8-P, 31-P, 32-P, 33-P, 34-P, 35-P, 36-C, 37-C, 38-P, 39-C,4G-P);Caddy (l17-P, 119-P, 152-P).HippolHt:JaCaddy (102-P, l17-C, 118-P, l19-P, l20-P, 151-P, 152-P).leptasterias-tikeMRA (Tl-P, 8-C, lG-P, 34-C).

MR A (6-P, 8-P, 9-P, 32-P, 33-P, 35-P, 36-P, 37-P, 39-P).PterasterCaddy (12G-P).lISo\laster endeca

MRA (3-P, 8-P); Caddy (117-P, 102-P, 120-P).Strongylocentrotus droebachiensisMR A (Tl-C, T4-P-C, 1-C, 2-A. 3-A, 6-A. 7-A, 8-A, 9-A, 10-A, 18-C,31-P-C, 32-P, 33-P-C, 34-P,C, 35-C, 36-A, 37-A, 38-C, 39-A, 4G-C);AMR (l-P, 2-P, 3-P); Maclaren (l-P); Caddy (117-P, 153-P).SynaptaMRA (25-P, 28-P).

PROTOCHORDATESIBoltenia echinata

MRA (8-P).Boltenia oviferaMRA (6-P, B-C, 9-C, lG-P, 31-P, 33-P, 34-P, 36-P, 37-P, 39-P, 40-P);Caddy (102-P, l17-A, 118-P, 119-P, 120-P, 152-P, 153-P).Halocynthia pyrformisMRA (4-A, 6-C, 7-C, 8-C, 9-A, lO-e, 31-P, 32-C-A, 35-P, 36-C-A, 37-C-A,38-P, 39-P-A, 4G-P)'

15l-P, 152-C).

FISH

Eel poutCaddy (61-P).FlounderMRA (6-P, 8-P, 9-P, 16-P-C).Gasterosteus acu leatusMRA (21-P).GoosefishMRA (T2-PI; Caddy (102-P, 117-P).Harbour PollockMRA (l-P, 3-P).Pholis(MRA {5-P, 20-P, 24-PI.

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