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Margareth Zanchetta, PhD, RN
Ryerson University, Faculty of Community Services-Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing
12 50 65+ 950Regular medical visits initiated by mothers
Medical long term goals: Nourish good relationships with HCPs
Men’s behaviours: self-medication, alcohol/drugs,
suicide (successful!)
Medical short term goals: Evaluate the health
condition of occasional clients
• Colon cancer • High
cholesterol • Diabetes
•Hypertension
Eventual consultations: Private health insurance & check-up
Increase of medical
consultations due to chronic
diseases
Profile of medical consultations
Critical period
Restricted access and less men’s health & social services (Galand, 2001)
Immigrant men present high risk for chronic diseases (Hyman, 2007)
Lack of conceptual models and frameworks to inspire health policy respecting the diversity of men’s population (Doyal, 2000)
Lack of men’s health policy = Use of Health Canada sex & gender based analysis policy as a conceptual framework to explore health variations, health and illness experiences, within social sub-groups to better understand life diversity, and its impact on men’s health
Future should observe issues of domination and marginalization among sub-groups of men (Spitzer, 2005)
British Columbia’s Expanded Chronic Care Model (BC-ECCM) has inspired the conception of provincial plans (prevention & self-management of chronic diseases) that may support the development of men’s health programs.
1. complex social / economic inequities2. vulnerabilities3. barriers to access health care4. cultural differences between immigrant
population / host society 5. health disparities endured by
Francophone men when living as linguistic minority
6. sexual orientation diversity7. aboriginal men Re-conceptualization of masculine gender
as a social determinant of health (or as vulnerability) is needed
Margareth Zanchetta, PhD, RN- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing (DCSON)-Ryerson University
Christine Maheu, PhD, RN- School of Nursing, York University
Sepali Guruge, PhD, RN- DCSON Jalila Jbilou, PhD- University of Moncton Roger Pilon, PhD cand, RN- Laurentian University
Research Assistants: Mohamed Mohamed, BScN, RN Melissa Stevenson, BScN, RN- Anishnawbe Health Toronto Olesya Kolinsyk, MN, RN- University Health Network-
Toronto General Hospital & Centennial College Terry Sizto, BScN student Carole Lina SanJose, BScN Diana Kinslikh, MA, RPT- West Park Healthcare Centre
1. Cancers (prostate, lung, and colorectal)2. Circulatory diseases (high blood pressure)3. Respiratory diseases (chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease and asthma)4. Diabetes5. Mental diseases & major depression
episodes6. Substance abuse & alcohol dependence
Source: Haydon, E. Roerecke, M., Giesbrecht, N., Rehm, J., & Kobus-Matthews, M. (2006). Chronic disease in Ontario and Canada: Determinants, risks factors and prevention priorities-Summary of Full Report. Available: http://www.ocdpa.on.ca/docs/CDP-SummaryReport-Mar06.pdf
In several qualitative studies, findings reported were not differentiated between men and women.
Less methodological rigor to compose a minimal sample of 3 men participants to allow internal comparison among them
Barriers imposed by social vulnerabilities and health inequities over personal intentions to adopt self-management strategies
The use of humour to speak of diseases was important to manage the impact of threats to their masculinity
Many studies target different cultural and ethnic men, however, there is no concrete comparison of whether one group is more adaptive than another
Little is explored about the influence of social and health services using a men-friendly approach to seek health care, and engagement in primary health care initiatives
Research should aim to make explicit the issues men face within health care
Areas to be explored: Preventative strategies Comparison between cultural and ethnic
groups The influence of social and health services
using a men-friendly approach to seek health care, and engagement in primary health care initiatives
Creation of a Canadian research group that includes Francophone and Anglophone researchers in the area of men’s health
1. Men usually do not articulate what their communication needs are = Creation of innovative ways to communicate and respond to men’s interest in prompt action
2. It is not masculine to speak about emotions = Eliminate barriers that are formed through masculinity and gender shaped dialogue
3. Religion, culture, ethno-cultural background, SES, and sexual orientation diversity might affect perceived competence, safety and appropriateness of preventative and self-management behaviours= Cautions about gender overgeneralization
4. Create accessible and inclusive environments
Health Research:
Evaluate population based initiative to address social and biological risk factors
Compare effects of medical treatments Appraise the determination of health behaviours
according to concepts of masculinities Include in studies the places of social interactions and
masculine territories in health promotion campaigns Expand partnerships with community groups to reach
out to groups of men who are not exposed to ideas of health promotion and prevention
Investigate ways to mobilize men’s sensitivity and its effect in social relations
Findings remain inconclusive regarding the following:
Health prevention strategies men find helpful to practice
Self-management barriers they face in their daily lives
The context men live in and how they manage their conditions
Needs of different men’s groups (e.g. age, culture, religion) are not addressed
Multicultural society cultural, religious, cohort, gender identity, and socio-economic factors