Marcus Anthony- Futures research

8/3/2019 Marcus Anthony- Futures research

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Abstract.ThemainpurposeofthispaperistointroduceFuturesresearcherstosimpleandpracticalways

theycanemployintuitiveintelligencetoenhancetheirresearch.Iwilloutlinefivespecificintuitivetools

which Ihavedevelopedandused regularly.The incorporationof these tools into the researchprocess

potentially makes research more efficient, meaningful and exciting. This paper contains a strong

anecdotalcomponent,toexemplifytheprocesses.

Thereisalsoatheoreticalaspect.Iexpandthemundanedefinitionofintuition,anduseitintheclassical

sense,where it incorporates the ideaof theextendedmind. Irefertothisasintegrated intelligence.

While this definition places it beyond generally accepted definitions of intuition found in modern

psychology,ithasalongtraditioninthehistoryofart,literatureandsciencerightthroughtothemodern

era. It is also consistentwith recent experimental scientific evidence. Further, itfitswell into recent

developments in Critical and Postconventional Futures Studies,where otherways of knowing are

beingincreasinglylegitimatised.

MarcusAnthony

Dontget

so

far

ahead

of

the

parade

that

nobody

can

see

where

you

are.

JohnNaisbitt(2007),MindSet

Only intuition,restingonsympatheticunderstandingcanleadtothese laws.Thedailyeffortcomes

fromnodeliberateintentionorprogram,butstraightfromtheheart.

AlbertEinstein(quotedinHart2000p20).

Introduction

Onedayseveraldecadesago,ayoungmanwalkedintoapubliclibrary.Hewantedtofindanswersto

some deep questions he had been asking himself about the nature of mind, cosmos and their

relationshiptomodernphysics.Inthosedaystherewerenocomputers,andhedidnothavemuchofa

liking

for

the

card

catalogue,

so

he

did

what

he

often

did

when

he

wanted

to

home

in

on

some

hard

information.Hebeganwalkingalongthemanyshelvesofbooks.Hedidnotbothertolookatthecall

numberslibrarianshadspentthousandsofhoursinscribingonthebindingofthebooks.Instead,hejust

keptwalking.Suddenly,hegot thestrong feelinghehadbeenwaiting for,stopped, reachedoutand

grabbedabookfromtheshelf.Thebookwasexactlywhatheneeded,addressingtheeffectofhuman

observationonexperimentsinquantumphysics.ItwasthatmomentwhichlaunchedMichaelTalboton

a lifelong interest intheconfluencebetweenmysticismandwhathecalledthenewphysics (Talbot

1992p137).

What interestsmeaboutTalbots tale, isnotsomuchhisbeliefsabout linksbetweenmysticismand

physics,butthewayofknowingheusedtolocatehisdata.Whydidhenotjustusethecardcatalogue

likeeverybodyelse?Washejustbeinglazy?Theanswer,accordingtoTalbot,isthatheoftenreliedon

hisintuition,andasenseoffeelingtofindbooksinlibraries.Hefeltthatthiswasoftenamorereliable

processthanusingconventionalmethods.Hebelievedthathewouldbeledtofindtheanswertothe

questionshewasposing.

Whatwouldyoudo?Chancesareyouwouldheadforthecardcatalogue,orthemodernequivalent,the

computerdatabase.Andthattellsussomethingaboutthewayourmindshavebeentrainedtothink,

andthewaysofknowingthatwehavecometocallnormalinthemodernworld.


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Somewill dismiss Talbot asa New Ager, hippie, oras simplydeluded.Yet these terms relegate

Talbottotherealmoftheother,andeffectivelypreventusfromaskingwhy andmoreimportantly

how heusedintuitiontolocateinformationinpubliclibraries.Inthiswayweasresearchersremain

confinedwithinourcomfortzones,andtheboundariestoourknowledgeareunconsciouslymaintained.

In thispaper Iamgoing topush theboundaries,andbringus to the frontiersofmindat leastas

defined in themodernwesternworld.Below, Iwilloutline five intuitive research toolswhichcanbe

used by futurists (and others who may wish to use them). In Part 1 I will provide a theoretical

background formyargument,and inPart2 Iwilloutline the tools, theirpotentialapplications,and

relatethemtocognitivemodalitieswithinthetheoryofintegratedintelligence(Anthony2008a).Part3

brieflyaddressesthreeissuesyoumayfaceasyouapplythesekindsoftoolstoyourresearch.

The approach I recommend may be an affront to seasoned researchers. However, in the spirit of

PostconventionalFuturesStudies,Iwillchallengetheparametersofdominantdiscourse,andofferthis

paperasanactofdissent(Slaughter2006)adeepchallengetoprevailingmethodsandparadigms.

Part1:Thetheoreticalperspective

Elsewhere I have argued for the legitimisation of intuitive ways of knowing in modern education

(Anthony2005,2008a,2008b).Ihavedevelopedatheoryofintelligencecalledintegratedintelligence.i

Integrated intelligence is theability tosuccessfully solveproblemsusinga full repertoireofcognitive

abilities, including intuition in its classical sense. Such intuition incorporates transpersonal cognitive

potentials, and includes the capacity to work with the extended mind (Sheldrake 2003), or

consciousness that extends beyond the brain. So far, my work has been primarily theoretical and

conceptual. What I did not outline so clearly is that there is a very practical side to integrated

intelligence,andyoudonotneedtobeanIndianmysticorUriGellertouseit.

Ihaveemployedthetoolsextensivelyinmyownresearch,includingduringthewritingofmydoctoral

thesis.InthispaperIamgoingtorelatesomeofmyexperienceinwritingmydoctoralthesisusingthese

methods.Thiswillincludesomeexcerptsfrommystudydiary,whichIkeptatthetime.

The mystical components of integrated intelligence may lie beyond the comfort zones of some

researchers.Isimplysuggestasuspensionofdisbeliefasyoutrythemethodsyourself.Icanreportthat

thebenefitsaremany,includingmakingresearchmoreexciting,fluid,efficient,andofcourse,intuitive.

DeanRadin(2008)statesthatonlyabout0.3%ofuniversitystaffwillpublicallyadmittoaninterestinpsi

research.Thisisduetowhathecallsthepsitaboo.Integratedintelligencehasobviouslinkswithpsi

research,astheconceptofextendedmindisrelatedtosuchpsiphenomenaasextrasensoryperception,

clairvoyance,precognition,andsoon.Whiletherearetranspersonalresearcherswhodoemployrelated

toolsformallyintheirresearch(Hart,Nelson&Puhakka2000),intheprocessIamsuggestinghere,the

five toolsarenot formally incorporated into researchmethodology,butarebackground toolswhich

enhance

the

research

process.

Youdonothavetohaveanyspecificbeliefinaclassicalinterpretationofintuitiontousethesetools.It

wouldhelp,however,totemporarilysuspenddoubt.Afterall,thesuspensionofdoubtisthestanceof

thetrueskeptic,notadogmaticinsistenceonaparticularperspective,asRupertSheldrakehassooften

stated(Sheldrake2003).


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Iseeintegratedintelligenceasameansoffacilitatingandenhancingotherwaysofknowing.Itisnota

meanstodoawaywithcriticalrationalityortraditionalresearchmethods.MayIsuggestyoubeginwith

whicheverof the toolsyou feelmostcomfortable.Youcanmodify themaccording toyourparticular

needsandpreferences. Ideveloped these tools throughexperimentation,and throughadaptingand

modifyingotherpeoplesideas.iiIcontinuetoworkandexperimentwiththem.Iinviteyoudothesame.

HereIwillcategorisethetoolsaccordingthecoreoperationsofthetheoryofintegratedintelligence,as

outlinedpreviously(Anthony2006,2008a,2008b):integratedperception,location,diagnosis,evaluation,

foresense,andcreativityandinnovation.

TheevolutionofFuturesStudiesandintuitivewaysofknowing

Where can we situate these ideas, considering they are rather radical? Australian futurist Richard

Slaughter sees Futures Studies as having evolved through four distinct phases. The first was the

empiricaltradition,whichwasmostprominentintheUnitedStates.Thesecondwasaculturallybased

approach predominantlyEuropean whicheventuallyledtoCriticalFuturesstudies.Theninthethird

phase an international and multicultural thrust emerged, which Slaughter finds is still developing.

Slaughters fourthphase hasbeen theemergence ofPostconventional Futuresand Integral Futures

studies.

IntegralFuturesstudieshasdeveloped fromtheworkofKenWilber (2000) (amongstothers)andthe

integraltraditionwhichhedeveloped(Slaughter2003).Insimplifiedform,Wilbersanalyticalapproach

looks at four distinct domains: the physical world, culture, society, and consciousness. In short, it

examinesbothexteriorsandhumaninteriors.

TheessenceofWilbersmodelissummarisedbySlaughterinthefollowingway.

Thecentralfeatureoftheintegralapproachistohonoralltruthsandacknowledgethevalueof

manydifferentwaysofknowingacrossallsignificantfields(Slaughter2003).

For

the

sake

of

simplicity,

I

am

going

to

include

Integral

Futures

Studies

and

the

Post

conventional

FuturesStudiesunder theonebanner,andsimplycallthemPostconventionalFuturesStudies.There

areenoughcommonalities toput them together. Itcanbeseen that thekindsof intuitive tools Iam

referringtothispaperareconsistentwiththeotherwaysofknowingwhicharetheoreticallyincluded

inPostconventionalFuturesStudies.

Of course, the five tools can be explicitly part of Futures Methods. For example, Sohail Inayatullah

(2004), who incorporates many of the themes of Postconventional Futurists in his work, leaves an

openingforsuchtoolsaspartofhisCausalLayeredAnalysis(CLA).CLAisalayeredanalyticalmethod,

andcanbeused toanalyse thinkers, texts, issues,problems,discourses,approaches,worldviewsetc.

The first levelofCLA istheempiricalandobservable;thesecondthesystemsandsocialaspects; the

third is worldview; and the fourth the myth/metaphor level. It is this final level which theoretically

allowsspaceforotherwaysofknowing,andthekindsoftoolsImentioninthispaper(Inayatullah2004).

Generally speaking, if we follow Slaughters interpretation, it can be said that each development in

Futures Studies and the branch that has grown out of it has included and transcended the ideas,

approaches and methods of the previous development.iiiSo Critical Futurists include the empirical

approachesand themultipleperspectivesapproachesand thenadd theirownparticular toolsand

methods.InturnthePostconventionalistsincorporateallthetoolsandmethodsoftheCriticalFuturists,


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andthenaddspiritualandPostconventionaltoolsandwaysofknowing.Eachdevelopment,therefore,

hasexpandedthedepthofFuturesdiscourse.

WecandepictthedevelopmentofFuturesStudiesasinFigure1,below.

Image1.1:TheevolutionofFuturesStudiesaccordingtoSlaughter

ThedevelopmentofFuturesStudiesreflectstrendsinwesternthoughtbeforeandduringthetwentieth

century. Empirical Futures is the hardfact approach, typical of the western empirical tradition and

experimentalismwhichquickenedafter1850(Pickstone2000).Multiperspectivesisconsistentwithan

additionofbroaderthinkinginlinewithmulticulturalism.CriticalFuturesStudieshasbeeninfluenced

bythemidtwentiethcenturypostmodernistsandpoststructuralists,especiallyMichelFoucault.Finally,

thepostconventionalistshavebeeninfluencedbythoughtemerginginthealternativemovementofthe

1960s and 70s, Eastern philosophy and some of the advances in physics, systems thinking and

consciousnessstudiesofrecentdecades.iv

Postcritical thought encourages multiple perspectives. It invites analyses and introspection on

paradigmaticdelimitationandbias(Inayatullah2002).InmyresearchIhaveemphasisedthatboththe

critical/rationalandmystical/spiritualworldviewshaveplayed significant roles in thedevelopmentof

westerncivilisationsincethetimeoftheancientGreeks(Anthony2006,2008a).Eachworldviewhasits

preferredwaysofknowing.TheCritical/Rationalworldview isdominatedbyexperimental,analytical,

classificatory, mathematical/logical and verbal/linguistic ways of knowing. The mystical/spiritual

worldview is dominated by intuitive and introspective ways of knowing (Anthony 2006). Because

mystical/spiritualwaysofknowing tend tobeunderplayed, ignoredorderided in thecritical/rational

worldview,modernwestern culturehas lost theawarenessof the kindof knowledge thesewaysof


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knowingcanfacilitate.Theideasoftheextendedmindandintegratedintelligenceareobviouslymore

consistentwiththemysticalspiritualworldviewand itswaysofknowing.While is largelyabsentfrom

modernscience,itremainsacornerstoneformanynonwesternandindigenousculturesrightuptothe

modernday(Sheldrake2008).

Part2:Thefivetools

Whiletherearenumerouswaysofutilisingintuitivethinkingandintegratedintelligenceintheresearch

process, inthis introductorypaper Iamgoingto focusuponjustthe fivetools.Theyarethe Intuitive

Diary,FreeformWriting,MeditativeStates,TheFeelingSense.Below,Iwillbrieflyoutlinehowyoucan

usethemingeneral.Then,underthespecificcoreoperationsheadings,youwillfindsomeotherspecific

applications.

UsinganIntuitiveDiary

Thisisadiarywhereyourecordyourintuitivefeelings,images,promptsandsoon.Iconsiderittobethe

most importantofallthetoolsforthosejustbeginningtouse intuitivewaysofknowing. It istheone

thatwillmosteasilyestablishaclose linkbetween leftand rightbrain thinking,andgetyou in touch

withthesubtletiesoftheintuitivemind.

Youwillneedalargehardcoverdiary.Itisworthbuyingagoodone,becauseyouwantittolast.Allthe

thingsyourecordinitmaynotmakesenseatthetimeofwriting,butwhenyoulookbacklater,maybe

evenyearslater,youmayfindyourrecordingsinvaluable.AlternativelyyoucanputyourIntuitiveDiary

onyourcomputer,butaswithallimportantwritings,makesureyouhaveatleastonebackupfilesaved

elsewhere!

IrecommendthatyouuseyourIntuitiveDiarytorecordyourdreams,intuitions,thesynchronicitiesyou

experiencefromdaytoday,impressionsofmeditations,andanyauditory,visualorfeelingimpressions

thatcometoyouatanytimeduringtheresearchprocess.Iliketorecordnotonlythedreams,images

andfeelingsaboutthings,butmyinterpretationsofthemalso.

WhenIstartedkeepinganIntuitiveDiarymanyyearsagoIwroteinitalmosteveryday.Itisuptoyou

howmuchtimeyouwanttoinvestinit.Butdoitasoftenaspossible.

FreeFormWriting

Freeform writing is streamofconsciousness prose, written fluidly, quickly and without immediate

editingortoomuchconsciousanalyticalthinking.Itisessentiallyeffortlesswriting.

IusedFreeFormWritingextensivelythroughoutthewritingofmythesis,butparticularlyinthefirsttwo

years.AbookwhichinspiredmegreatlyindevelopingthisprocesswasJoanBolkers(1998)WritingYour

DissertationinFifteenMinutesaDay.Bolkersbookisaboutwritingathesisthroughapproximatelyfour

stages:thezerodraft,firstdraft,seconddraft,andbeyond.

Insomethingofasynchronicity,IfirstcameacrossthebookwhilescrollingthroughAmazon.com.Even

beforeIhadformallyenrolledinmydoctoralprogrammeinAustralia,afriendtoldmeaboutPhillipsand

PughsHowtoGetaPhD,andsoIwenttoAmazontocheckitout.IdidinfactbuyPhillipsandPughs

book,butjusthappened to seeBolkersbook there too.The title lookedabitgimmicky,but Ifelta

strongurgetobuyit(acaseofTheFeelingSense,asbelow).SoIdid.


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ItwasBolkersconceptofthezerodraftwhichgrabbedme.Bolkerrecommendswritingfromday

oneofthedoctoralenrolment.Bolkersuggestswritingatleastfifteenminutesaday,nomatterwhat.

Theprinciplehereisbasicallythatyouconditionyourselftowritehabitually,sothatondaysthatyoudo

notwriteyouactuallyfeelbad!Thezerodraftinvolveswritingwhatevercomestoyou,andwithout

editing,proofreadingorcensoringyourself.Thereisnogoingback,notevenfortypos!Whateveridea

comesintoyourmindaboutthethesistopicconnections,distinctions,hypotheses,questions,guesses,

confusions, whatever you write it down during your daily writing time. Bolkers argument is that

inevitably,amongstalltheramblingsofthemind,someusefulideaswillcomeout.Evenifthisisamere

tenpercentofwhatyouwrite,youwillstillhavealotofpotentiallyusablewritingaftersixmonths.In

Bolkerssystem,itisonlylaterthatyougetdowntoputtingtogetherafirstdraft.Itisafterthatpoint

thattheprocessbeginstolookmorelikeatraditionalapproachtowritingathesis,withasuccessionof

drafts. IhighlyrecommendBolkersbook foranybody intheearlystagesofwritingathesis. In fact, I

highlyrecommendittoanyresearcherinanydiscipline.

Bolkerdoesnotlinkherideaofazerodrafttomysticism.HoweverIadaptedBolkersmethodtomy

understandingsofintegratedintelligence.PreviouslyIhadusedFreeFormWritingwhenwritingpoetry

andstories. Ijustwrotewhatevercametome,andwentback latertosee if itwasanygood.Bolker

mademe realise I couldusea similarprocess in theearly stagesof thesiswriting oranyacademic

writing for that matter. Thus when I actually began typing, I simply allowed myself to enter a fluid

streamof consciousness, and let thewordspour out. I typically found that there wasjust so much

wantingtobereleasedfrommymind,thatfifteenminuteswasjustnotenough.Iadaptedthesystemso

thatIsetmyselfagoalofwritingfivehundredwordsaday,everyday,firstthinginthemorning.

JustasBolkerargues,Ifoundthatthewritingprocessreallyclarifiedmythinking.AsIwroteideascame

together, links between people, ideas, and historical and philosophical concepts suddenly began to

makesense. Ididnotstoptocheck ifthe ideaswerevalid. Ijustkeptwriting.This isthinkingasyou

write,notthinkingbeforeyouwrite.

Where Idiffer fromBolker is that Iadapted theprocess tomymystical/spiritualworldview.Before I

beganmydailywritingsessionIbeganwithaprayeroraffirmationtoSpirit.Idonothaveanyparticular

religiousaffiliation,andthewordSpiritformehasanimpersonalconnotation.Asisobviousfromthis

papers subjectmatter,myworldview is rathermystical. Ibelieve that there isagreater intelligence

whichcontributestotheevolutionofhumanity,andindeedtheentirecosmos.So,atthebeginningofa

writingsessionIwouldsayaloudsomethinglikethis.

Spirit,leadmethroughthiswritingprocess,sothatthisworkthatIamwritingmaybeinalignmentwith

Spirit.

TherewereoftenquestionsIwouldask,andsometimeswritedown,toguidethewholeprocess.ThenI

would

begin

to

write.

I

suggest

you

use

an

affirmation

or

prayer

that

you

feel

comfortable

with,

that

reflects your particular worldview and belief system. You can also begin with asking questions,

preferablyoutloud ifyouarenotinthelibraryorwithinthevicinityofthelocalpsychiatricward!

Duetosomeadministrativeissues,myenrolmentattheuniversitywasdelayedseveralmonths.Bythe

timeIcametomyofficialenrolmentdate,Ialreadyhadaboutfortythousandwordsonmycomputer,

allrelatedtomythesistopic.LaterIbegantoputtheideasintolongerargumentsaboutcertainaspects


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ofthethesisasIsawitdeveloping.Almostallofitcametogethereasily,ifnoteffortlessly.Iemphasise

thatatleastinitially,IwroteaboutthingsthatIwasdrawnto,tothatwhichmovedme.Inthoseearly

days I rarelyeven thoughtaboutwhat Iwasgoing towritebefore I satdown towrite.Sometimes I

wouldwakeupandan ideawouldcomeintomyhead,andIwouldgowiththat.OthertimesIwould

beginwithnothing.TherewasnotasingletimewhenIhadwritersblock.

JustasBolkersuggests,Iwentthroughdraftingphases.WithoutdoubtIenjoyedtheearlierpartofthe

writingprocessmorethanthelaterstages.Iamnaturallycreative,butnotmuchofanaturalsticklerfor

detail!Whenitcametotheendlesseditingofchapters,itbecamearealtestofselfdisciplineforme.I

also foundthatmysenseofconnectionto integrated intelligencedroppedoffastheprocessbecame

more and more leftbrained. This was probably an inevitable part of the thesis writing process.

InspirationisnotreallyneededwhenyouarecrossingendlessTsanddottingendlessIs.

Mypolicyofwritingconsistentlypaidoff.Icompletedmythesisinlessthanfouryearswhileworkingas

ateacherveryfulltime.WhenIenrolledinAugust2002,Ihadnotasingleacademicpublication.Bythe

time I was granted my PhD I had a total of 18 publication credits (either published or about to be

published),includingseveralbookchaptersandhadcompletedthewritingformybook(Anthony2008a).

MeditativeStates

MeditativeStatescanbeofgreatbenefitforresearchers.Youcancultivatemeditationandnonordinary

statesofconsciousnessasadeliberatemeansofaccessing the intuitivemind, insightand inspiration

aboutyourresearchtopic.Putsimply,theprocessforMeditativeStatesasatoolforresearchers isto

quietthemind,putoutquestions,andwaitfortheanswerstocomeinanysensorymodalityimages,

auditoryprompts,subtlefeelingsetc.

Itiswellappreciatedbymysticsandmanyparapsychologiststhatcultivatingnonordinarystatesof

consciousnessisinvaluableinaccessingintuitiveandspiritualknowledgewhatissometimescalledthe

nonlocalmind(Grof2000,Sheldrake2003,Radin2006,2008).Throughoutmylifeaftermymid

twenties

I

used

these

states

very

deliberately

to

glean

data

from

what

I

believe

are

transpersonal

sources,andmysubconscious.Meditativestatesareanintimatepartofthedevelopmentofintegrated

intelligence.Youcanfamiliariseyourselfwiththistoolthroughdeliberatemeditation,orbytaking

advantageofthedrowsystatebetweensleepingandwakingthehypnogogicstate.Thisstateoccurs

naturallywhenyouarefallingasleepandwakingup.Butyoucanenteritdeliberatelythrough

meditationalso.

Tobringaboutthesleepystate,sitquietlyinachair(orwhereveryoufeelcomfortable),andrelax.

Focusonyourbreath,andbreathedeeplyinandout.Asthoughtsmoveintoyourmind,justallowthem

topass.Ifyoulike,youcanimaginethembeingplacedinsideballoonsandfloatingaway.Agoodtimeto

dothisiswhenyouareactuallyfeelingtired,suchasinthemiddleoftheafternoonorjustbeforebed.

Thiswayyouwillnaturallytendtodrifttowardssleepwhenyousitandrelaxdeeply.Aftersome

practice,youwillbeabletodoitmorereadilyevenwhenyouarefeelingalert.

Thisprocessisalittledifferentfromsomeotherformsofmeditation,inthatyouaredeliberatelytrying

tobegintofalltosleep.Inmostformsofmeditationitisimportanttoremainalertasyouenterdeep

statesofconsciousness,andtheimagesthatcomebeforethemindmaybeseenasadistraction.But

notwiththeMeditativeStatesthatIamreferringtohere.Asyourelax,youmayfindyourselfbecoming

toodrowsyornoddingoff.Ifso,simplypersistinbringingyourselfawakebutnotfullyawake.Ifyou


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practicethismeditativeprocessregularly,youwillbecomeadeptatmovingtowardssleep,butnotquite

succumbingtoit.Whenyoufindyourselfjustshyofsleep,putquestionsouttoSpirit/thesubconscious

mind(asyouprefer).Thenobservewhatcomesbeforeyourawarenessintheformoffeelings,images,

soundsandwords.

Bepatientwiththisprocess.Ifyougetnodefiniteanswers,simplyrepeatthequestioningprocessevery

minuteorso.Evenifyougetnoanswerduringtheentiremeditation,onemayspringintoyourmindat

alaterdate,orduringadream.Asynchronicityinyoureverydaylifemayanswerthequestionforyou.

Regardless,yoursubconsciouswillgotoworkontheproblem,andbegintopullinformationanddata

together,bothfrommundaneand(Ibelieve)spiritualsources.vJusttrustthattheanswerisonitsway.

Somequestionsandproblemshavecomplexanswers.Afullunderstandingofthemmaytakesometime,

maybeevenyearswithsomebigissues(buthopefullynotthatlong!).Manywillrequirefurtherphysical

investigation.Somequestionshavenodefinitiveanswer,andmerelypresentanopportunityfora

deepeningappreciationoftheproblem.Otheranswersmaycomeinaninstant.Asyoudevelopwisdom

andcometounderstandhowthisintegratedintelligenceworksmorefully,youwillbeabletodiscern

moreeasilyhowsuchanswersdevelop,oftenasaprocess.

IrecommendyouemployMeditativeStatesinshortbursts.Thesecouldbeasshortasaminuteortwo

forlighterquestions,orcouldbetentofifteenminutesformoreindepthissues.Whenyoufinishthe

meditation,recordwhatyouhaveexperiencedinyourIntuitiveDiary.Ifyouwant,youcanlateranalyse

themeaningofwhatyouhaveseenorexperienced.Youwillnotbeabletodothisduringthe

meditation,becausetheanalyticalmindcannotoperateeffectivelywhileindeepstatesofrelaxation,

andviceversa.

ThereisonethingyouwillnoticeasyouuseMeditativeStates.Aftersometimeyouwillbeabletoslow

themindandaccessthesedeeperstatesofconsciousnessinverylittletime,perhapseveninstantly.You

willalsobecomemoreawareofthewaythesubconsciousmindisconstantlyoperating,evenduring

normalstatesofwakingconsciousness:bitsandpieceswillsneakthroughfromthedeeperlevelsof

mind

even

as

you

are

going

about

your

everyday

life.

DevelopingTheFeelingSense

Justaswithusingintuitioningenerallife,youcanalsoallowyourfeelingstoguideyouasyouresearch.

Themoreyoubecomecomfortablewithinnerworlds,theeasieritwillbecometodistinguishamongst

themanysubtlefeelingsfromwithin.Youhavetolearnthedifferencebetweenatrue intuitivepull

andothercompetingvoicesfromwithintheego,desire,wishfulthinking,fearoftheunknownandso

on.Thisisnotreallysomethingthatcanbetaught.Itissomethingyoulearnbytrialanderror.

Onemorningwhileworkingonmy thesis Ibegan readingabookbyHowardGardnerand twoofhis

academiccolleagues(Gardneretal1996).HoweverIfoundmymindwondering.Itjustdidnotfeelright.

SoIputitdown.Iwalkedovertomybookshelf.Iimmediatelyfeltdrawntoanothertext,Thebookwas

totallyunrelatedtothefirst.However,as Iskimmedthroughthetext,somekeyinsightscametome.

Thestudysessionwentsmoothlyafterthat.Therewasasenseofflow,asiftheentireprocessofwriting

adoctoraldissertationwas continuing smoothly.Thekeypoint is,why strugglewith something that

doesnotmoveyou?Youmaysimplybecomestuck,disinterested,andthewholeflowoftheresearch

maybe impeded.Unlessyouhavebeenassignedthereadingbyateacher,or it isanabsolutemust

read,putitaside.Youmaywellfindthatatalaterpointitdoesfeelrighttoread.Thisisaboutdoing

therightthingattherighttime.


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Anotherpossibility is thatwhen looking through thebibliographyofa text,allowany subtle feelings

aboutthelistedbooksandarticlestograbyou.Likewise,likeMichaelTalbotintheopeninganecdote

ofthispaper,youcanwalkthroughlibrariesandbookshopsandwaitforbookstochooseyou.Ihave

donethismoretimesthanIcaretoremember.

AgoodwaytobeginhonouringTheFeelingSenseistodothefollowingexercise.viPrepareaselectionof,

say,fivebooksorpapersyoumightliketoreadforyourresearchproject.Sitwiththebooks/papersin

frontofyou,breathedeeplyandrelax.Askyourselfanyresearchquestionsthatyouaretryingtoanswer.

Then allow yourself to get a feeling about each book/paper. You might even like to pick up the

books/papers and sense how theyfeel to read. Here is where I tend to follow a subtle sense of

excitement.Ifitfeelsexciting,itisagoodbetthatthereadingistherightone.Thisprocessisalittlelike

the Romantics merging of subject and object. You can imagine yourself connecting with the

book/article,andsensingthefeelingofit.

Themoreyouhonouryourintuitivefeelings,themoretheywillspeaktoyou.Thisreallyistoovaluable

anadvantageforaresearchertopassup.Inmyopinion,youwouldbemadtoignorethissimpletool.It

can cut a lot of hassle out of the research process, save much time and energy, and lead to an

invigoratingexperienceinresearchandwriting.

Harnessingsynchronicity

Synchronicitiesaremeaningfulcoincidences.CarlJung(1973,1989)isperhapsthebestknowntheorist

ofsynchronicity.For Jung, thecosmoswasnot thegreatmachineof themodernists.Hisprincipleof

synchronicity transcended the linear mechanics of the Newtonian framework. Jung was keenly

interestedinthedevelopmentsofmodernphysics,aswellastheparadoxical.Thereisnotroomhereto

explore the theory or the phenomenon itself at depth. It is sufficient to say that the idea is fully

compatiblewiththemystical/spiritualworldview,wherematterandconsciousnessareininterplayinan

intelligentcosmos.

It

is

my

experience

that

a

serendipitous

and

adventurous

approach

to

research

facilitates

synchronicities.

Akeypointisbringingthemindfullyintothepresentmoment.MysticLeonardJacobsondescribesthis

beautifully in the video Bridging Heaven and Earth (Bridging Heaven 2008). In the exalted state of

complete presence, it is as if the cosmos comes alive. The deeper meaning and purpose of things

becomesknownevenastheyunfold,asandasifthepsycheandcosmosareinopendialogue.Thisis

somewhat akin to the state of flow, usually reported in mainstream psychology in mundane and

reductionistterms(Czikszentmihalyi1994).

Theexperienceof synchronicity is, in itsmostexalted form,almostakindofspiritual rapture. It isa

directaffront to the critical/rationalworldview. If the researchercan suspenddisbelief, synchronicity

containsserendipitieswhichcanbeaninvaluableaidtoresearch.

Usingthe

Core

Operations

of

II

in

Research

NowIturnmyfocustosomemorespecificapplicationsofthefivetools.Iwilloutlinewaysinwhichyou

canapply thecoreoperationsof integrated intelligenceatwill.Again, Iemphasise that this isnotan

exhaustivelistofpotentialapplications.Myintentionhereisjusttotouchuponsomepossibleuses.You

canexperimentwiththese,andpickandchoosetheonesyoulike,orforthatmatter,addtothem.

CoreOperation1:IntegratedPerception


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General applications: 1. Integrated perception of the underlying order & meaning of bodies ofknowledge,disciplines,schoolsofthought, individualthinkers;andsystems, includingtheintelligence

withinthosesystems.vii

Integrated intelligence can help in coming to an understanding of the connections within fields of

knowledge.Itisimportantinthewritingofanarticle,bookorthesistoappreciatethewaythatthingsfit

together, and to grasp the relationships between various facets of the research problem. Such

understandingsoftencomeinleapsofintuition,orAha!moments.Itismyexperiencethatintegrated

intelligencecanhelpfacilitatethisprocess.Itdoesnotnecessarilyrequireintegratedintelligencetomap

outthebigpicture.Butitcanbeemployedtodoso.

AperfectexamplecomesfrommedicalintuitiveCarolynMyss.Sherecountsthatbeforethewritingof

her bookAnatomy of the Spirit, she was struggling to come to terms with certain aspects of the

proposedtext.Sometimeafterexperiencingaconfusingdream,sherecallshowthekeyinsightcameto

her.

Shortly after that dream, I was still frustrated that I had not yet found the core message of

Anatomy,butasIwaslecturingtoagroupoftwentyeightstudents,Iturnedtowritesomething

on a white flip chart and instantly downloaded an image that merged three great mystical

traditions and their biological implications: the seven chakras of the East, the seven Christian

sacraments,andthetensefirotoftheTreeofLifefromtheJewishKabbalah.Inlessthanasecond,

Ireceived,Iunderstood,Iaccepted,andIstartedthebookoveragain(Myss2001p35).

NotethatMysswasabletointegratetheconnectionsamongstthreemysticaltraditionsandsensetheir

biological implications.Heranecdotenotonlydemonstratesthe immediacyof integrated intelligence,

but shows the importance of several other relevant aspects of this intelligence. She received the

information, indicating that the sourcewasnother consciousmind. Secondly she understood it. I

suspectthatherlongworkingexperiencewithintuitivewaysofknowingallowedhertograsptheoverall

meaningimmediately.Withoutthisstep,thefollowingstepscouldnothavebeentaken.Thirdly,Myss

acceptedtheexperience.Withouttheacceptanceofthemysticalexperienceand itsknowledge,no

learningcouldhavetakenplace.

Myss has a strong connection with her intuition. This kind of connection naturally improves as an

individualbeginstousethekindsoftoolsIamoutlininghere.Themoreyoutapintotherightbrain,into

thesubtleintuitionsandfeelingswithin,themorethelanguageofthatpartofyourmindwillbecome

recognisabletoyou.

Integrated intelligence can also help gain insight into the overall meaning of a body of research or

problemarea.WithinmyownthesisIdevelopedamodelwhichsituatedintegratedintelligencewithina

greater

civilisational

perspective.

Like

Myss

story,

this

is

something

that

came

to

me,

more

than

my

consciouslyanalysingtheentireprocess.Watchoutfordiagramsandimagesthatcometoyouindreams

andmeditations.Remember,Kekulesawthemolecularconfigurationofthebenzeneringinadream

(Kafatos&Kafatou1991p166).viii

NotesynchronousorAha!momentswhenanimageinabook,onan

advertisingbillboardorTVprogrammesuddenlyjumpsoutatyou.Useyourresearchdiarytorecord

feelings,intuitions,imagesetc.thatcometoyouatanytime.Althoughtheymightnotmeanmuchat

thetimeofwriting,theymaylaterhavesomerelevance.


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Anothersimpleprocessistoaskforthemeaning.Hereyouputouttheproblemorthequestionina

meditationorreflectivemoment,andthenstartwriting,drawing,singing,moving(whateveryouprefer).

YoucanuseMeditativeStates,TheFeelingSenseorFreeformWritingtoseektheanswer.Again,itmay

notcomestraightaway.Keepputtingthequestionout,andtrustthattheansweriscoming sooneror

later.

CoreOperations2&3:Evaluation&Location

Evaluation

Generalapplications:Thecapacityforevaluating thewisdomofchoices,and thevalueofcompeting

conceptsorpossibilities.

LocationGeneralapplications:Locatingandevaluatingalternativedesigns,methods,sourcesofdata, researchfociandstrategies.

Here I have combined two core operations of my theory of integrated intelligence into one subject

heading.Thisisbecauseoftheobviousoverlap:locationcanbeseenasasubsetoftheideaofmaking

choicesinyourresearch.

Thesetwocoreoperationsconstituteperhapsthemostobviouswaysthatintegratedintelligencecanbe

of assistance to the modern researcher. With the information explosion there is just too much

knowledgeout there tobeproperlyprocessed inapurely rationalway.As intuitionexperts suchas

MalcolmGladwell(2005),GaryKlein(2003)R.Rowan(1991)and(Gigerenzer2008)ixsuggest,theworld

todayisjusttoocomplextocomprehendusingonlytheanalyticalmind,baseduponthedatawehaveat

hand.That isbecause thatdatawill inevitablybepartial, toagreateror lesserdegree.Rowan (1991)

referstoanalysisparalysis,wherewebecomesoobsessedwithanalysingdatathatwelosevaluable

opportunitiestoactwithinthepresentmoment.Theconclusionofallthesethinkers isthatwecan

andshould employour intuitionmoreoften.Mypoint isthatresearcherscanalsouse intuition ina

numberof verybeneficialways inevaluating the directionof their research,andwithmore specific

smallerchoicestheymaymakealongtheway.

You can use intuitive insights when you have a number of research options to choose from. The

following entry, taken from my Intuition Diary is a good example. This describes a time during my

doctoralcandidaturewhenIwasworkingatmycomputer,andhadpreviouslydownloadedmorethana

dozenacademicarticlesonmind inancientGreece,andhundredsmoreonsubjectsrelevanttomy

thesis.

11.01.04. Iopenedup thefolderunderGreek thought,and saw that therewereabout15files

there.So

Iasked

which

one

to

read

(I

had

two

hours

tonight

to

do

some

research).

Iheard

Numberone. Itwasaveryfaintvoice,and Iwasntsurewhere itcamefrom,but Idecidedto

followit.SoIwentintothefirstfile(thefilesarenotnamedclearly,soIwasntsurewhatwasinit).

Anyway,itwasperfect:abouttheancientGreeksinfluenceonFreud.IreadthatFreudselectively

choseaspectsfromGreekthoughtwhichfittedhismechanisticprejudices(andignoredtherest.).I

wroteabout900wordsonthesubject,anditflowedreallyeasily.


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12

Iamdownloadinga lotoffilesfromthedatabasesontomycomputeratthemoment.Thereare

thousandstochoosefrom.AfterIdothesearch,IamintuitingwhichonesIshouldsaveontothe

computer.Iamalsojustfocusingforamoment,andgoing intomyfeelings.IfIdontgetaclear

sense,Iusuallydontsaveit,althoughIadmitsometimesthingsseemabithazy,soIjustsaveitor

notaccordingtologic

Once again, it can be seen that I used a combination of more mundane and rational research

processeswithsomemoreintuitiveprocesses.WhatIdidwastogointodatabasesanddownloadonto

mycomputerhundredsofarticlesonsubjectsrelatedtomythesis.Withthemoderncomputeryoucan

justsearchforawordorphraseandthedocumentswillcomeup.Iftherearealotofdocumentswhich

comeupfromaconventionalsearch,youcanuseintuitionagaintoselectwhichoneyouwanttodip

into. Of course you can alsojust read the name of the article the old fashioned way! However

sometimesthenamemightnotbeclear,ortheprecisecontentofthearticlesomewhatvague.Thisis

when intuition becomes invaluable. You could spend a long time wading through a dozen or more

articlestryingtofindtherightone.

Iusedthefeelingsenseandameasurementtechnique(whichIwillnotdetailhere)todecidewhich

articlestosave. If Ididnotgetanystrongfeeling, Ididnotsave it.Later,when Ireturnedtoactually

readarticles,Iusedthesametwointuitivemethodstoselectwhichonestodipintotoread.

Noticealsothattheprocesswasnotperfect.Thefeelingsandmeasurementswerenotalwaysclear.

Whenthiswasthecase,Isometimesrevertedtomoremundanemethodsindecidingwhichfilesto

save,ortoread.

Ofcoursethereisnoguaranteethatintuitionwillbringforwardtherightinformation.Sometimesyou

willbewrong.Howeveritismyexperiencethatintuitioncanbedevelopedtosuchadegreeastomake

itaninvaluablewaytoenhancetheprocessoflocatingdata.

Herearesomeotherintuitivemethodsyoumightliketoexperimentwithwhenbrowsingdatabasesor

multiplefiles/articles.Thesearerelatedtothecoreoperationsofevaluationandlocation.

Decideyourresearchfocusareaandstateyourquestion(s)(preferablyoutloud).Thenbringup

thefilesonyourcomputerscreen.Askaquestionrelatedtoyourquestion(s),andthenrunyour

fingeroverthescreen.Whenyoufeelyourfingerbeingattractedtoafilestop,andopenit.

WhenIdothissometimesIfeelatinglinginmyfinger,othertimesitfeelslikethereisawall

whichstopsmyfingermovingpastaparticularfile.This isabitlikesomedivinationmethods,

suchaspendulumswinging.Thekey istoletgo, trust theprocess,andnot try toohard to

determinetheoutcome.

Writethefilenames(ornumbers)onpiecesofpaperorcards,thenturnthenfacedown.Shuffle

them

so

you

do

not

know

what

card

is

where.

Use

the

same

process

as

above,

making

sure

your

questionisclearlystated.Thenallowyourselftobedrawntooneofthepiecesofpaper,and

turnitovertoseewhichfiletoread.

Standbackalittlefromthecomputerscreen,relaxandtakeadeepbreath.Whenyoufeelvery

relaxed,askthequestionyouwishtofocusupon,andwaitfortheanswer.Takenoteofwhat

yousee, feelorhear.Adocument iconmayflashatyou,comealive,orseemtobecome

attractive.Gointothatfileandopenit,keepingthequestioninmind.


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Youcanusethesameprocesseswhendecidinguponwhichbooks,chapters,articleswebpagesoreven

paragraphstoread.Again,usethesemethodsinconjunctionwithstandardresearchmethods.

Beclearonwhatyouarelookingfor

Whenitcomestothecoreoperationsofevaluationandlocationitisvitalthatyoubeclearaboutwhat

youarelookingforwithyourresearch.Aclearsetofquestionstoguideyourresearchiscrucial.During

theresearchundertakenformydoctorate Ihadaclearpolicythat Ineverreadanythingwithoutfirst

writingdownorrepeatingtomyselfthequestionsIwantedtoanswer.Isuggestyoudothesame.

This iseven trueof the verybeginningof your researchproject.Here thequestionsmight bequite

general.

Whatreallyinterestsmeaboutthistopic?

Whatareasofthistopicreallyrequirefurtherresearch?

WhatamIreallydrawntoasapossiblefocusofmyresearch?

Asyouclarifyyour research topic, the researchquestions shouldbecomeclearer,andmore specific.

Eventuallytheyshouldalltietogether.

InthewritingofmythesisIallowedmyintuitivefeelingstoguidemuchofthedirectionoftheresearch.

MypreferencefortheintuitivewasnowheremoreapparentthanwhenIchosemythesistopic.HereI

followedmyintuitionfully.Iwassimplynotpreparedtofocusonanareathatwasnotofimportanceto

me,orthatIwasnotpassionateabout.Ibelievethatintuitiveintelligenceworksbest includingthefive

keytoolsmentionedinthispaper whenweareonpurposewithourresearch,andindeedwithour

lives.

IhavetoadmitIjustdonotunderstandthementalityofmanypostgraduatestudentswhochoosethe

nameoftheinstitutionbeforetheirtopic.IreadrecentlyofamatureAsianmanwhorelatedthathe

hadnotenrolled inaPhDprogrammebecausehehadnotyet foundauniversitywithaprestigious

name.Tomymind, this ispureego inaction: the substanceof knowledgeandpassion for subject

matterplayssecondfiddletothesurfacepackagingofinstitutionandcredentialandpurehumanvanity.x

Intheendthechoiceformewasreallynochoiceatall. IwentwithwhatIhadspentsomuchofmy

adultlifefocusedupon:integratedintelligence.Ofcourse,atfirstIdidnothavethenameintegrated

intelligence.NordidIknowexactlyhowitwouldpanout.Ididnotknowthechapterheadings,andI

didnotknowthemethodologyIwouldemploy.IdidnotevenknowthespecificquestionsIwouldask.

Thatallcamelater.

As

it

turned

out,

the

university

rejected

my

initial

proposal,

and

the

lack

of

a

clear

methodology

was

significanthere.ButthatwasOKIsimplywentandlocatedamethodasrequired.MysupervisorSohail

Inayatullah toldme tousehisCausalLayeredAnalysis inmy refurbishedproposal. Idid this,and the

proposalwasaccepted.

Thisalsoexemplifiesanother important factor. In lifewehave todealwith thepower structuresof

society, culture and institutions. We also have to deal with prevailing paradigms, traditions and


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14

protocols.Compromisesarenecessary.Whenever Icameupagainstanobstaclebecausewhat Ihad

writtenwasconsidered inadequateduetomethodologicalweaknessesorthesystemrequirementsof

academia,Isimplymadethenecessarycorrections.Itisnousekickingandscreaminginsuchcases.You

have to earn your stripes before you can start to command respect, or influence the systems and

institutionsyouareworkingwithin.Adoseofhumilityisrequired.

Usingintuitiontofocusyourwriting

Onadailybasisyoucanuseintuitivefeelingstoguideyoursenseofwheretofocusyourwriting.This

relatesmost closely to thecoreoperationofevaluation,butalso to locationandalsodiagnosis (see

below).Thefollowingentryfrommythesisresearchdiaryexemplifiesthis.

09.12.03

Thismorning IbegantowriteupsomestufffromShapirosReadingthePostmodernPolity.But

therewasanaggingfeelingwithinmethatthiswasntright.SoIswitchedtowritingaboutGrofs

argumentsfromBeyondtheBrain.Thatfeltalotbetter.IfeltlikeIwaspushingitwithShapiro,as

ifIwasnotbeingguided,andhadbecomedetachedfrommyintuition.

Ithenwroteaboutthesignificanceoftheeventforme.

The lessonfromthis istolistenforthatsenseofflowing,whichmeansthat Iam inalignment

withintuitiveintelligence.ThesenseofbeingdetachedmeansthatonehasdetachedfromSpirit.

Whenthisdetachmentoccurs,onecanstop,stepbackfromthework,gowithin,whilebreathing

deeplyandrelaxing.Thenask:Whatisrightformetodonow?

YourIntuitionDiarycanthereforealsocontainsomereflectionsyouhaveabouttheintuitiveprocessyou

areemploying,andanyotheraspectofyourresearchthatyouwishtocommenton.Forthistowork,

youdonothavetoframetheexperienceintosomethingspiritual,asIliketodo.However,Ifindthis

entireprocesstendstobecomesomethingbiggerthanmeasanindividualresearcher,soIknowofno

bettertermthanSpirittodescribetheintelligencethatpermeatesit.

The feeling sense can also be used to good effect in determining where (location) to direct your

attention,asthefollowingdiaryentryindicates.

20.12.03.

IwassittingherethismorningwhenIhadthegreaturgetopickupthebookTheSearchforthe

PearlbyGillianRoss.Itwassittingontopofapileofbooksonthecoffeetable.Therewasavery

strong sense that thiswas right,as if Iwasbeingcompelled togoandpick itup (which Idid).

Anyway,thebookhasasectionwhich turnsouttobejustperfectforchaptertwoofthethesis,

with a great summary of the historiography of scientific atheism since the beginnings of

civilisation.Once

again

Ifeel

astrong

sense

of

guidance

and

confidence

that

Ican

get

this

chapter

doneingoodtime.

HereIchosetorespondtoafeeling,andinthiscaseitprovedtobeveryfruitful.YouwillnoteIhadno

consciousawarenessofwhatImightfind,orwhattheoutcomewouldbe.InotherwordsIhadnoidea

ofwhytheactionwasrequiredorwhy itmightprovehelpful.This issomethingthatresearcherswho

areused to followinga linear chainof logicmay finddifficult togetused to. I certainly recommend


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15

having a research plan, and keeping up a careful consideration of where you are going. But using

integratedintelligencemeansthatyouhavetobeopentobeingtakenwhereyoumightnotexpect,or

evenwant togo.Thekey is to listen to feelings,especially strong feelings,aboutwhat to read,how

muchtimetoputintoatextorpaper,andwhichpartsofthetexttofocusattentionupon.Thisrequires

acertainlettinggo.

Of course not all writing will flow like water down the mountain. Research takes time and effort.

Sometimesitisquitetedious,andintheenddetailshavetobespoton.Thismaynotbemuchlikefunat

all!Itwouldbeamistaketoditchalineofresearchcompletelyjustbecauseyoufelttiredorresistanton

anygivenday.Majordecisionsaboutresearchdirectionsshouldbemadewithacombinationofintuitive

senseandananalyticalappraisalofallthefactorsinvolved.

Finally,Isuggestyoutakefullnoteofsynchronicities,becausetheycanguideyourresearch.Sometimes

aparticularbookmightbestickingoutofashelf,orjustlyingthereonthestudydeskwheresomeone

has left it,and itjusthappens tobeone that resonateswith your research topic. InTheRoad Less

TraveledM.ScottPeck (1984) relatesa synchronisticexperiencewherehewas studying ina friends

library,andatastickingpointinhiswriting.Evenashesatthereoneofthewomeninthehousecame

tohimandhandedhimabook,sayingshethoughthemightliketoreadit.Peckstatesthatthebook

wasperfectforwhatheneededforhisresearchatthattime,andheresumedhiswritingimmediately.

Whensuchsynchronicityoccurs,Isuggestyoutakeadvantageofit.

CoreOperation4:Diagnosis

General applications: Diagnosis of research problems, including methodological problems; ethicalconsiderations;andintrospectiontoreflectuponpersonalattitudesandbiasinresearch.

Inrespecttointuitiveknowing,diagnosisisanimmediaterealisationoftheprecisenatureorcauseofa

problem. Incurrentdominantscienceandacademicdisciplines,diagnosiscomesaftercarefulanalysis

andphysicalinvestigation.Itisacarefullycontrolledprocess.Withintegratedintelligenceyouallowthe

knowingtocometoyou.Inthissenseitispreciselythereverserelationshipwiththesubjectmatterat

hand.Thesubject/objectdichotomywhichisattheheartofwesternscienceandepistemologycollapses,

andtheknowerandtheknownbecomeone.xiNeedlesstosay,thisisaradicallydifferentrelationship

withknowledgethanthatwhichcurrentlydominatesinwesternculture.

However,thesituationisnotasimplypassiveone.Youcanbringabouttheappropriatementalstateto

improvechancesthattheawarenessyouseekwillpresentitself.ThismeansusingMeditativeStates,or

justlisteningtoyourintuitioninquiettimes,suchaswhenwalkinginnatureorwhengoingtosleepand

waking.

ThusyoucandeliberatelyemployMeditativeStatestoget insights intoproblems.DuringmydoctoralcandidatureIwrote:

31.12.03

WhilemeditatingontodaysstudysessionthewordSkinnercameintomyhead.Itfeelsrightto

gowithit,soImgoingtowriteupsomestuffon(B.F)Skinner.Itdoesntfeelrighttogetintothe


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16

nextchapteratthisstage,astheinfoseemstoospecific.Ineedtoseethebigpicture,notgetlost

inthedetails.

InthiskindofmeditationsessionIhadageneralfocusonly.Ihadnospecificproblem.Beforethestudy

sessionbegan,IsatdownandtriedtogetasenseofwhereIcouldfocusmyattentiononthisday.This

wasa commonprocess Iemployedatvarious stagesof the thesis.Theprocess is receptive,butnot

passive.IusedmyIntuitionDiarytoreflectuponthemeditationandchoosethebestwayforward.

You might notice that I rejected the possibility of doing some further research/writing in regard to

anotherchapterofthethesis,basedonTheFeelingSense,whichtoldmethatitwasnottherighttime

todoso.Yettherewasalsoaconsciousawarenessofwhyitwasnotright,soonceagaintherewasa

synthesisofdiagnosticintuitivefeelingsandrationalisation.

Youcanalsobefarmorespecific inyourfocusasyouuseMeditativeStates.Youcanfocusuponone

particularquestion,problemor issue. In thiskindofmeditationyouputyourself intoadeepstateof

relaxation,and repeateitherverballyorsilently thequestionorproblem inyourmind.Thekey is to

keep the mind focused on the issue, while still allowing moments of inner silence to allow any

ideas/images/words to flow freely through themind.Youshouldkeepyour focus,andnotallow the

mindtodrifttoofarofftrack.

CoreOperation5:CreativityandInnovation

General applications:Drawing upon intuitive, subconscious and transpersonal cognitiveprocesses tofacilitateincreasedinspiration&creativityinwork,business,research,competitionorleisure.

Ithaslongbeenbelievedthatspiritualsourcesinspirecreativity,andespeciallywriting.Theideaofthe

muse orwriters guide goesback thousands of years to ancient Greek civilisation. In particular, the

Romantics of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were great believers in spiritual inspiration.

WilliamBlake,forexample,felthewasguidedbyAngelstowrite.

PersonallyIhavefoundthatonceIhaveallowedacreativeprocesstoflowthroughme,writingbecomes

effortless.Itfeelslikethemostnaturalthingintheworld.Therearewaysthatyoutoocantapintothis

creativeprocess,butitrequiresadifferentwayofknowing,theuseofadifferentcognitiveprocessthan

researchersmightcommonlyemploy. Ifyouprefertouseamoreconventionalexplanationforwhat I

amreferringtohere,youcancallitflow(Czikszentmihalyi1994).

Thecoreoperationofcreativityandinnovationimpliesthatabarelyconsciousstreamofthoughts,ideas

andinspirationsislurkinginthebackofyourmindasyoudoyourresearch.Ithereforesuggestthatyou

takenoteofrecurringthoughtsandimagesthatcomeintoyourmindasyougo.UseyourIntuitionDiary

forthis.Anentryinmyresearchjournalindicateshowonesuchrecurringideabecamequiteimportant

totheargumentofmythesis.

27.12.03

Thewordlovekeepscomingverballyintomymind.IrecallKenWilberwritingthatEroshasbeen

extractedfrom theworld ofmodern science.Maybe this has led to certain distortions in the

modernworldview,anditsdepictionofintelligence.


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17

The idea thatmodern sciencehasextractedfeelingfrom theworldalsokeepspoppingup.Of

coursefeelingsare seminal in intuitions.Theeradicationoffeelings leads to theeradicationof

intuitions,andadistortedandlimiteddepictionofconsciousness,andesp.rationality.

Thiswasquiteaninfluentialpieceofintuition,followedbyanalysis.Theideaoffeelingsbeingcentralto

theprocessofintuition,andinturn,itsdevaluationinthemodernWest,becamequiteimportanttomy

argument.ThelastsentenceinthatentrysumsuptheanglethatIeventuallytook.Onceagainyoucan

seethat intuitionand logicworked togetherhere. Imade theseextrapolationsbaseduponthe initial

intuition.Thisledtomywritingquiteextensivelyonthisverysubjectmatter.

AsIhavewrittenabove,itisduringtheinitialstagesofaresearchprojectthatFreeformWritingismost

useful.Thisiswherecreativityandinspirationcanbegivenalargelyfreehand.Butforacademics,later

draftshavetofollowmoreconventionalacademicprotocols.WhenIbeganmydoctoralprogramme,I

wasexcitedtofindthat Iwasabletowriteso freely,andproducesomanywordswithseeminglyno

effort.NotlongafterIsubmittedanarticletoanacademicjournal,onewhichIhadwrittenusingFree

formWriting.Asisstandardprocess,itwasreviewedbytwoacademicpeers.Oneofthemwasquite

criticalofit.Thereviewerwrotethatitreadmorelikeamagazinearticlethanapieceofscholarlywork.

SoIhadtogobackandalmostcompletelyrewritethearticle.Thiswasagoodlessonforme.Theinitial

freespiritedpartofthewritingprocessisonlythebeginning.Onethenhastogothroughthetextwith

far more respect for detail and ensure that it is consistent with the protocols of academia and/or

publishing.Thiswillnotbeanaturalprocess. Itwill requiremoredisciplineand some leftbrained,

detailedwritingandediting.Personally, this isnotmy favouritepartof thewritingprocess,but it is

nonethelessnecessary.

CoreOperation6:Foresensexii

General application: Foresight into research requirements, issues and problems, institutional andlogistical conditions, funding and career opportunities. Determining the consequences of research

choices.

Foresenseisaninvaluableskillforanyresearcher.Thereisincreasingevidencefortheexistencethe

human capacity for precognition (Braud 2003, Radin 2006, Sheldrake 2003), and it consistent with

theoreticaldevelopmentsinquantumphysicsandsystemstheorynamelytheconceptofnonlocality

(Sheldrake et al 2001). But rather than waiting around for the evidence to become definitive,

researcherscantaketheleapoffaithandtestthingsforthemselves.

You canuse Meditative States to sense the feeling of the outcomeof certaindecisions,asoutlined

above. For example, when you are relaxed, either during the hypnogogic state (early morning, late

evening)orduringmeditation,imagineyourselfinthetimeandplacewherethedecisionyouwantto

makeisalreadycompleted.Theideaistofeelyourselfinthatplaceafterhavingmadethedecision.The

informationmaycome intheformof feelings, images,soundsandsoon.This isakindofforesense.

Youcan sense theenergyonaparticularprocessordecision.Payattention to synchronicities too.

Theysometimeshaveaprecognitiveaspecttothem.


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18

Dreamscanalsobeparticularlyuseful formof foresense. I suggest recordinganydreams related to

yourresearchinyourIntuitionDiary.Eveniftheydonotseemtomeanmuchinthepresent,youmay

seesomethinginthematalaterdate.

Again,Itakeanexamplerelatingtomydoctorate.Themiddleperiodofthesisorbookwritingcanbe

verydifficult.Itismuchlikerunningamarathon.Theinitialpassionandenthusiasmtendstowearoff.

Eachstepseemstotakeyounoclosertothegoal,andyoumayfeellikeyoucannotgoanyfurther.Itis

alsoquitedifficult toknowhow far togowith the research forparticulararguments,andparticular

chapters.Oftentheresearchercanonlytouchuponasmallpercentageofthepossiblenumberoftexts

related to thatpartof the thesis.This isbecause thereareoftensimply toomanypapersandbooks

writtenonitforonepersontoeverread.

Iwashavingsometroublewithoneparticularchapterofthethesis,whereIwasresearchingthehistory

ofthedevelopmentofrationalityinwesternculture.Therewerejustsomanybooks,andmanyofthem

werequitedetailed.WhenandwhereshouldIstop?Iseemedtobeswimminginaseaofinformation,

andlosingsightoftheshore.AbitofdoubtwasbeginningtocreepinastowhetherIwouldeverbeable

togetitdone.

Itwasadreamwhichmovedme forward. In thedream I sawoneofmy thesis supervisors standing

behindsomekindofmachine,whichlookedabitlikephotocopier.Shehadmythesisinhandandwas

stampingit.Thesensewasthatitwasallreadytobefinalised,andtherewasjustthematterofrubber

stamping it.When Iawoke Iwasquite surprisedby thedream,because Iwasdoinga lotof further

reading,andseveralchapterswerenowherenearreadyforsubmission.YetIfelttherewassomething

thedreamwas tryingtocommunicate. Itwasas if the futurewasreaching forward to tellmetoget

focusedandget the thingwritten.From thatmomenton Idecided towriteupall the chaptersand

submit them fordueconsideration. Imade thisdecisioneventhough Icouldnotpossiblyseeat that

pointhowIcoulddoitinthenearfuture.Ittookafewmonthstogetawholedraftcopyofthethesis

done.Therewerecriticismsandseveralmorerewrites.InayearIhadthethingdoneandsubmittedfor

examination. Igotgreat reviews frommyexaminers,and the thesiswaspassedwithno corrections

required,savetheoddtypo.

WhatIcouldnotseeatthetimeofthedreamwasthatIalreadyhadathesisinmyhead,andthatIdid

notneedextensivefurtherreadingandwriting.Ijustneededtogetthewholethingputtogether.

Finally, you do not need to be Nostradamus to use your capacity for foresense. You do not need

sweepingvisions,ortomimicthechatteringconvulsionsofan indigenousshamantogetafeeling for

whereyourdecisionsmight leadyou.No,yourFeelingSense ingeneral isyourgreatestasset.Simply

learntofollowyourgutfeelingswhenmakingdecisionsrelatedtoyourresearch.Developingthefeeling

sensewill tend toputyouon the rightpathwithout toomuchneed forconsciousawarenessof the

reasonswhy.Themoreyoutrustit,themoreitwillbecomesecondnature

Part3:Finalconsiderations

Thereareimportant issuesyouwillfaceasyoubegintodevelopmoreproficiencywithusing intuitive

intelligenceinyourresearch.

Shouldyoutellothers?


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19

So you havedecided to be a radical and experimentwith integrated intelligence in the writing and

researchprocess.Maybeyoubegintoexperienceanexcitementasintuitionandsynchronicitybeginto

worktogetherandyourresearchandwritingbegintoflow.Shouldyoutellyoursupervisororothersat

theuniversity?Orshockhorror,yourstudents?Theansweris,inmostcases,isno.Theexceptionisif

you know your supervisor/colleague isopen to such ideas,or youare inan alternative (or simply

progressive)institutionthatisopentorelatedmystical/spiritualconcepts.

Academia canbeavery conservativeworld,asyouareprobablywellaware. It is stilldominatedby

critical rationalityand themechanisticparadigm (Anthony2006,2008a).Somedisciplinesarealmost

completely dominated by mechanistic thinking especially in the hard sciences, including biology,

psychiatryandtoalesserdegreepsychology.Youriskridiculeandperhapsevenacademiccensureby

beingtooopen.IwouldtendtobecautiousifIwereyou.Andthelastthingyouwantistoloserapport

withyoursupervisor,colleaguesorstudents.

Howeveras you mayhavenoted, thingsare improving. Myown thesisdealtwith this veryesoteric

subjectmatterof integrated intelligence. Ideliberatelysoughtoutasupervisorwhowasopen tomy

worldviewSohail Inayatullah.Yet Ididreceivesomecriticism,andevenridicule,frompeopleatmy

university.Nonetheless,thingshaveimprovedconsiderablysincethetimeofthirteenthcenturymystic

MeisterEckhart,whopossiblydiedatthestake.Iamhappytoreportthatadministratorsdecidednotto

tiemetoastakeandsetmealight,atleastnotbythetimeofwriting.

Theuniversitywhere I studied isquiteanewone. Inmore traditionaland conservative institutions,

resistancemaybegreater.Someacademicswhohaveresearchedcontroversialtopics inrecentyears

havehad toendureacademic investigationand censure.BrianWeis (1985)ofYale (past lives), John

Mack (1999) of Harvard (alien abduction phenomena) and Elizabeth KublerRoss (1997) (neardeath

experiences) have been heavily censured for their research topics, and especially their conclusions,

whichtendedtowardsthemysticalendoftheepistemologicalspectrum.

JohnNaisbitt(2007) likestowarnfuturistsnottogettoofaraheadoftheparade,ortheywillsimply

moveoutofsight.Aproblemwiththeideaofintegratedintelligenceisthatitisfarremovedfromthe

experienceofmanyinwesternacademiccircles.ThisissomethingIhavetodealwithonaregularbasis,

andsowillyouifyouareopenaboutusingit.

Thisadvicemayseemalittlehypocriticalofme,asmuchofmyresearchdealswiththistopic.ButIhave

madethedecisiontolivetheconsequencesofbecominganexpertinarathertaboosubjectarea.And

it shouldalsobementioned that Ihavebeenunable to secureanyacademicpost inanyuniversity,

despite now having some thirty academic publications, including numerous peerreviewed articles,

conferencepapers,bookchaptersandanacademicbookonawidearrayofsubjectmatters.

Resistancefrom...

yourself

As a researcher, you will have to find the right balance of rational and intuitive ways of knowing,

accordingtoyourownpreferredresearchstyle.Butdonotbeafraidtocomeoutofyourcomfortzone,

andexperimentwith the intuitive.Most researchersarequite leftbrained,asresultoftheeducation

environment theyhaveworkedwithin formanyyears.Using rightbrainedand intuitivemethodswill

feelawkwardanduncomfortableatfirst.When I firstbegantodelve intomypsycheandexplorethe

intuitive, Iexperienceda senseof lossof control.Therewasa subtle fearofbeing invadedbyan


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alien force.Arecurringdream Ihadatthe timewasofbeingannihilatedby laserbeansemanating

from UFOs, reflecting the depth of that subconscious fear. The ego generally reacts poorly to any

reductionofitspoweroverthemind.Youmayfindyoualsoencounterresistancefromyourpsyche.If

so, respectthe fear,andgentlypersist inyourdetermination toexpandyour innate intelligence. It is

worththediscomfort.

Wisdomandtransformation

InthispaperIhavewrittenaboutfive intuitivetoolsthatcanbeused inFuturesresearch,and Ihave

usedthecoreoperationsofintegratedintelligencetheoryasameanstoexplicatethem.HoweverIdo

not think that it is possible to employ these kinds of intuitive tools over a long time without being

fundamentally changed by them. There are two end states of the theory of integrated intelligence:

wisdom and transformation (Anthony 2008a). I have found that working with an expanded idea of

intelligenceisaquintessentiallyspiritualexperience.Thereissomethingaboutthewholeprocessthatis

greaterthantheindividual.TherearemomentsofflowwhentheImergesintothewe,andpersonal

identityislost.Thisisconsistentwithreportsofmysticalexperiences,aswellasthepsychologyofflow

(Czikszentmihalyi1994).Thetransformationisnotjustofyou,butincludesthecollectivetransformation

ofhumanity.A common saying in spiritual traditions is that theonewho startsouton the spiritual

journeyisnotthesameastheonewhocompletesit.

Finally

Oneofthegreatthingsaboutintuitiveresearchtoolsisthattheyarenewterritory.Notmanypeople

havewrittenaboutthem.Since it isthefuturethatfuturistsarepassionateabout,weshouldalsobe

leadingthewayinthefrontiersofthinkingandresearch.Ihaveexperimentedwithmanyintuitivetools,

and used them according to my own preferred cognitive and learning style. Here I would like to

emphasisethatyouarenotlimitedbywhatIhavewrittenhere.Developyourownapproach,yourown

tools.Adaptmine,taketheonesyouwant,leavetheonesyoudonotlike.Andtheninventyourown.I

personally have a lot more tools than mentioned here. All this can be a very creative and exciting

process.Itcanbearevolutioninthoughttosuddenlygetitthatyouarenotafragmentedmindfishing

in

an

ocean

of

random

knowledge.

It

is

my

experience

that

we

are

part

of

the

ocean,

and

the

ocean

is

quitecapableofcarryingus,ofrespondingtous.Researchneednotbeadryandexclusivelyrational

processthatismerelyaWesternAngloculturalexpressionofresearch.Itcanbeintuitive,creative,

passionate,transformative,excitingandevenfun.

References

Anthony,M. (2005).Education for transformation: Integrated intelligence in theknowledgeeconomy

andbeyond.TheJournalofFuturesStudies,9(3),3135.

Anthony,M.(2006).AgenealogyoftheWesternrationalisthegemony.TheJournalofFuturesStudies,

10(4),2538.

Anthony,M.,(2008a).Integratedintelligence:classicalandcontemporarydepictionsofmindand

intelligenceandtheireducationalimplications.Rotterdam:SensePublishers.

Anthony,M.(2008b).APersonalvisionoftheintegratedsociety.JournalofFuturesStudies.13(1),87

112.

Braud,W.(2003).Distantmentalinfluence.Charlottesville,VA:HamptonRoads.

Bolker,J.(1998).WritingYourdissertationinfifteenminutesaday.London:HoltPaperbacks.

Bucke,M.R.(1991).Cosmicconsciousness.London:Penguin.

Czikszentmihalyi,M.(1994).Apsychologyforthethirdmillennium.NewYork:HarperPerennial.

Gigerenzer,G.,(2008).GutFeelings.London:Penguin.


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Gladwell,M.(2005).Blink:Thepowerofthinkingwithoutthinking.London:AllenLane.

Hart,T.(2000).Frominformationtotransformation:Whatthemysticsandsagestelluseducationcan

be.Encounter:EducationforMeaningandSocialJustice,13(3),1429.

Hart, T., Nelson, P., & Puhakka, K. (Eds.). (2000). Transpersonal knowing; Exploring the horizon of

consciousness.NewYork:Suny.

Inayatullah, S. (2002). Questioning the future: Futures studies, action learning and organizational

transformation.Taipei:TamkangUniversityPress.

Inayatullah,S.(2004)(Ed.),Thecausallayeredanalysisreader.Taipei:TamkangUniversityPress.

Jung,C.(1973).Synchronicity.NewYork:Bollingen.

Jung,C.(1989).Memories,dreams,reflections.NewYork:Vintage.

Kafatos,M.,&Kafatou,T.(1991).Lookinginseeingout.Wheaton,IL:QuestBooks.

Klein,G.(2003).Thepowerofintuition.NewYork:Doubleday.

KublerRoss,E.(1997).Thewheeloflife.NewYork:SimonandSchuster.

Laszlo,E. (2004).Scienceand theakashicfield:An integral theoryofeverything.SanFrancisco: Inner

Traditions.

Mack,J.(1999).Passporttothecosmos.NewYork:ThreeRiversPress.

Myss,C.(2001).Sacredcontracts.Sydney:BantamBooks.

Naisbitt,John.(2007).Mindset.London:Collins.

Peck,M.S.(1984).TheRoadLessTravelled.NewYork:Arrow.

Pickstone,J.(2000).Waysofknowing:Anewhistoryofscience,technologyandmedicine.Manchester:

ManchesterUniversityPress.

Radin,D.(2006).Entangledminds.NewYork:Paraview.

Radin, D. (2008) Science and the taboo of psi. Online video lecture. Retrieved from

http://au.youtube.com/watch?v=qw_O9Qiwqew.

Richardson,K.(2000).Themakingofintelligence.London:Phoenix.

Ross,G.(1993).Thesearchforthepearl.Sydney:ABCBooks.

Rowan,R.(1991).Theintuitivemanger.NewYork:Berkley.

Scheele,

P.

(1993).

The

PhotoReading

Whole

Mind

System.

Wayzata,

Minnesota:

Learning

Strategies

Corporation.

Sheldrake, R. (2003).The sense of being stared at and other aspects of the extendedmind. London:

ArrowBooks.

Sheldrake,R.(2008).Theextendedmind:Recentexperimentalevidence.Onlinevideolecture.Retrieved

frommurl.microsoft.com/LectureDetails.asp?1035

Sheldrake, R., McKenna, T., & Abraham, R. (2001). Chaos, creativity, and cosmic consciousness.

Rochester,MN:ParkStreetPress.

Slaughter,R.,(2003).IntegralFuturesanewmodelforfuturesenquiryandpractice.Availablefrom:

http://foresightinternational.com.au/catalogue/resources/Integral_Futures.pdf.(Accessed7July

2006).

Slaughter,

R.

(2006).

Beyond

the

Mundane

Towards

Post

Conventional

Futures

Practice.

Journalof

FuturesStudies.Vol10,no.4. Pp1524.

Talbot,M.(1992).Mysticismandthenewphysics.NewYork:Arkana.

Tarnas,R.(2000).Thepassionofthewesternmind.London:Pimlico.

Weiss,B.(1985).Manylives,manymasters.NewYork:Fireside.

Wilber,K.(2000c).Sex,ecology,spirituality.Boston:Shambhala.

Wilde,S.(2001).Thesixthsense.Carlsbad:HayHouse.


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Endnotes

iThetermintegrated intelligencereferstothe integrationof individualisedbrainbased intelligencewithbrain

transcendent intelligence. This definition moves beyond transpersonal theory by integrating transpersonal and

mystical insightwith the ideaof intelligence.There isan importantdistinctionhere.Throughout thispaper the

conception of the mind as transcendent of the brain will be referred to as the extended mind, following

Sheldrakes(2003)term.Theconceptionthattheextendedmindincorporatesapotentialtobeintelligentwillbe

referredtoasintegrated intelligence.Whilethe latterdefinition incorporatestheformer,theformerdoesnot

necessarilyentailthelatter.Iemphasisethatthisisatentativetheory,andrequiresmuchfurtherdevelopmentto

establishitselfinacademicterms.Ideally,thiswouldincludetestingofsomesort.Thetheoryisbasedonresearch

andpersonalexperiences(seenotebelow).iiSome of these influences were researchers, and some were not. The researchers include Hart et al (2000),

MichaelTalbot(1992)DeanRadin(2006),RupertSheldrake(2003),WilliamBraud(2003),GillianRoss(1993),Carl

Jung (1973, 1989), Paul Scheele (1993) and others. Hart et al (2000) target intuitive methods specifically for

research,whiletheothersresearchrelatedsubjectmatters.Bothgroupshave inspiredmetoemploy integrated

intelligenceinmyresearch.Otherinspirationshavebeenmysticswhowriteaboutintuitiveexperiences,suchas

the

late

Maurice

Bucke

(1991),

John

Mack

(1999),

Brian

Weiss

(1985),

Stuart

Wilde

(2001),

and

Elizabeth

Kubler

Ross(1997).YetperhapsmostinfluentialhavebeenthemysticsIhavemetinmypersonallife.Ihaveworkedwith

groupsofmystics(Iamnotquitesurewhatelsetocallthem)atvarioustimesandindifferentcountries,andhave

beenabletowitnessfirsthandtherealityof integrated intelligence.Thesemysticstaughtmehowtoutilisethe

dormant rightbrained intuitiveabilities that Ibelievewe allhave. Itwas my seeingothers develop such skills

relativelyeasilythatconvincedmethatthesearenotsimplyspecialabilitiesonlyseeninyogiswhohave livedin

caves and meditated for thirty years. They are natural, commonly occurring capacities extant, though usually

dormant within the minds the mass of humanity. Rupert Sheldrakes (2008) recently conducted telephone

telepathyexperiments,whichhavebeensuccessfullyrepeatedbyothers,provideevidentialsupportformyclaim

thatintegratedintelligenceiswidespread.iiiThisisreminiscentofWilbers(2000)thinking,whereheseesdevelopmentsinhumanthoughtsystems(holons)

includingandtranscendingthoselowerontheGreatChainofBeing.ivFor physics and systems thinking see Ervin Laszlo (2004) and Sheldrake, McKenna, & Abraham (2001). For

developmentsinconsciousnessstudiesseeGrof(2000),Radin(2006(,Sheldrake(2003).vAgain,thetermspiritualdoesnothavespecificreligiousconnotationshere.Itmeansfromasourcebeyondthe

individualsbraintheextendedmind.vi

This technique has been inspired, in part, by Paul Scheeles (1993) photoreading whole mind system.Scheeles approach to study has many similarities to my own, although he tends to avoid references tomystical concepts.vii

Theseapplications,andthesupportingevidenceforthem,havebeenoutlinedinmybookIntegratedIntelligence

(Anthony2008).TheywillalsobeexplainedingreaterdetailinmyupcomingbookBeyondtheFrontiersofHuman

Intelligence,whichwillbeavailablefrommywebsitewww.mindfutures.com.viii

AsfarasIamaware,Kekuledidnotseethisasanythingmystical,butasamundaneprocessingofthe

subconsciousmind.ixGladwell(2005)andGigerenzer(2008)constructintuitioninmodernist,reductionisttermsanddonotentertain

thepossibilityoftheextendedmindorintegratedintelligence.Klein(2003)issimilar,withtheexceptionofabrief

forayintotheparanormal.Rowan(1999),however,isquitecomfortablewithexploringintuitionintheclassical

sense.xThisisnottosaythatmarketforcesshouldnotbeconsideredwhenenrollinginadvanceddegrees,asdegrees

fromprestigiousuniversitieswillhavemorecloutwhenyoufinish.xiTheunknowabilityoftheobjectisalsocentraltopoststructuralistthoughtthathasusurpedmodernistthinkingin

manyacademicdisciplinesinrecentdecades,especiallythesocialsciences.Myexperienceisthatthissenseof


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alienationfromthecosmosisafunctionofadissociatedstateofconsciousness,andnotareflectionofthenature

ofthemindorthecosmositself.KenWilber(2000)andRichardTarnas(2000)holdsimilarviews.xii

Iusethetermforesense,asthetermforesightisalreadywidelyusedinFuturesStudies,anddoesnothave

thesameconnotation.

Documents

Marcus Anthony- Futures research