GEOL

March 1078

BULLETIN

OGICAL SOCIETY

HGS MARCH CALENDAR March 6, 1978 (Evenlng Meetlng wIQ8H) Conaort BatIraam, Howton Oaks Hold

Dr. Elliot C. Morris, USGS, Flagstaff, Arizona AAPG Distinguished Lecturer "Viking View of Mam" Social Hour--5:15, Dinner--8:15, Meeting-7:OO Admidon by prepaid ttclret onty. No W e b sold at door. (See notice inside for details.)

March 16-17. 1978 (Conllnuing Educallon) Euon Bullding Audltorlum

Dr. Fred A. Donath, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana "Structural Analysis of Fault and Fracture Systems"

Much 2#, 1978 (Noon #s+tlng) Taylewwd Room, Wolkky Inn-Modleal Cmbr

Dr. Richard S. Bishop, W o n Prod. Remwch. Houston "Shale Diaplrlsm and Cornpoctlon of Abnormally Pnuurod S h a h in South Texea" Luncheon and M#etIng-1200 Noon Reaewatlone (trEsphone only, 223-WJB) must be made or cancelled by noon Monday, March 27, 1978.

HOUSTON GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY Suite B-1, 806 Main Street

Houston, Texas 77002 223-9309

President First Vice President Second Vice President Secretary Treasurer Executive Committeeman (6-30-78) Executive Committeeman (6-30-78) Executive Committeeman (6-30-79) Executive Committeeman (6-30-79) Past President

Academic Liaison Advertising Awards & Student Loan Ballot Boy Scout Bulletin Continuing Education Directory Entertainment Environmental Exhibits Field Trip Finance Historical Library Membership Nominating Personnel Placement Publications Publication Sales Public Relations Remem brances Research & Study Course Special Publications Technical Program Transportation

Advisor, Museum of Natural Science GCAGS Representative GCAGS Alternate AAPG Delegate Chairman AAPG Group Insurance

EXECUTIVE BOARD Dean Grafton, Cities Service Company

Jeffery V. Mods, Transcontinental Gas Pipeline Corp. W l l h n A. Fowler, Jr., Phillips Petroleum Company

W. L. Tidwell, lndependent Ekanor M. Hoover, Exxon Company USA

Robert A. Harris, Mitchell Energy Corp. Elgeen C. Shidd, The Anschutz Corporation

Howard W. Klatta, lndependent M. M. "Oulen Osbome, Trunkline Gas Company

Hal H. Bybee, Continental Oil Company

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Philip F. McKlnlay, Texaco Inc.

Matthew W. Daura, Transcontinental Gas Pipeline Corp. Albert C. Raasch, Jr., Exxon Company USA

D. J. Bonvillain, Cities Service Company Mclnnls S. Newby, R. L. Burns Corp.

Chester A. Baird, Dow Chemical Company Stewart Chuber, Consultant

Clyde 6. Beckwlth, Continental Oil Company Clyde E. Harrison, O'Donohoe & Harrison

Jamea 0. Lewlr, Consultant Robert L. Hunt, Cities Service Company

Wllilom F. Bishop, Tenneco Oil Company George Sealy, Exxon Company USA

James A. Wheeler, Consultant Wade W. Tumbull, Consultant

Fred A. Ealsnd, Exxon Company USA Hal H. Bybeo, Continental Oil Company

Royce E. Schmkler, The Superior Oil Company Jeffery V. Morris, Transcontinental Gas Pipeline Corp.

Mllton E. Johnson, Exxon Company USA James F. Enyeart, Dow Chemical Company

Walter A Boyd, Columbia Gas Development Corp. Cyrus Strong, Shell Oil Company

Dorls M. Curtis, Shell Development Company William A. Fowler, Jr., Phillips Petroleum Company

Kenneth W. Toedter, Natomas Int. Corp.

SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVES Edd R. Turner, Getty Oil Co. 658-9361

Hal H. Bybee, Continental Oil Company 965-2407 Dean Gratton. Cities Service Company 629-9700

J. Don McClallmd, Prairie Producing Co. 658-8413 John Bremstelier, Insurance Consultant 668-0610

HOUSTON GEOLOGICAL AUXILIARY OFFICERS

President First Vice-president (Social) Second Vice-president (Membership) Third Vice-president (HGS Representative) Secretary Treasurer

Mrs. John W. (Pauline) lnketer 468-6379 Mrs. Claude C. (Nancy) Rust 467-1693

Mrs. Reeves W. (Sarah) Jackson, Jr. 461 -921 5 Mrs. W. T. (Janna) Spurlock 782-7323

Mrs. George C. (Virginia) Hardin, Jr. 782-6140 Mrs. Virgil J. (Shirley) Kennedy 467-4772

PRESIDENT'S COMMENTS SOCIETY CALENDAR FOR APRIL

A Research and Study Group of the Houston Geologi- cal Society was formed in October 1964 to study deltas. Through the succeeding years, many members of the Houston Geological Society have been involved in this continuing study. A symposium on deltas was given at the Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies meeting in 1965, and a second symposium at the 1973 GCAGS meeting. Four significant contributions to the geological

April 1, 1978 Field Trip to Dresser Ind. Damon Mound limestone quarry. Conducted

by Hal Baker, Cities Service; Rufus Le Blanc, Shell; Stan Frost, Gulf Research; Steve Schafersman, Rice University; Harold Overton, Consultant See item for details.

literature have resulted from the work of the Delta Study April 3, 1978 Dr. Floyd F. Sabins, Jr., Group, and all have been published by the Society: Deltas Summit Club Chevron Research; UCLA in Their Geologic Grarnework (1966); Holocene Geology "Exploration Applications of the Galveston Bay Area (1969); Deltas, Modern and of LANDSAT Imagery" Ancient-A Bibliography (1 971 ); and Deltas-Models for Exploration (1975). This latter volume, compiled under the April 21, 1978 HGS Tennis Tournament

supervision of Martha Lou Broussard as editor, was dedi- details to be announced.

cated to the late E. H. Rainwater, who early recognized the importance of the deltaic environment as a favorable habitat for hydrocarbons.

Recently, the Society received a request from VAAP, the copyright agency of the USSR, for permission to translate 14 papers from Deltas-Models for Exploration into Russian and to permit "Nedra" publishers of Moscow to print and distribute 3000 copies of the Russian transla- tion. For these rights the publisher will pay 1000 rubles. The Executive Board unanimously approved the request and as President, I have executed the agreement and returned it to VAAP. One of the objectives of the Houston Geological Society is to disseminate and facilitate discus- sion of geological knowledge, and the Executive Board believes that this proposal falls within that purview.

In another recent action, the Executive Board autho- rized the establishing of a Distinguished Service Award for the Houston Geological Society. This award, consisting of a suitable plaque, is to be given to a member who has been outstanding in service to the Society. The award can be made annually, but it is not mandatory that it be given each year. Several of our members have given long and dedicated service to the Society, and this award is one way in which their contributions can be publicly recog; nized and rewarded. This award in no way detracts from the Honorary Life Member award but, rather, it is a complement to it. The executive Board authorized the President to appoint an ad-hoc committee to select the first recipient of the Distinguished Service Award. Accord- ingly, I have appointed the following to serve on the committee: Jeffery V. Morris, Chairman; Hal H. Bybee, Wendell L. Lewis, B. C. Phillips, Albert C. Raasch, Jr., and Harold E. Voigt. This committee will have a difficult task to choose the first recipient of the Distinguished Service Award.

DEAN GRAFTON

April 26, 1978 Dr. Robert R. Berg, Houston Oaks Hotel Texas A&M University

"Characteristics of Wilcox Gas Reservoirs, Northeast Thompsonville Field, Jim Hogg and Webb Cos., Texas"

April 27, 1978 HGS Golf Tournament. Details Tejas Country Club to be announced.

ALASKA MINERAL POTENTIAL-1978 The Bureau of Mines has announced the publication

of a series of maps (7) showing the mineral and fuel potential of Alaska. The maps are multicolored, approxi- mately 17% in. by 24 in. and to a scale of 1:250,000. The maps were prepared at the request of the joint Federal- State Land Use Planning Commission for Alaska, estab- lished by Congress to serve as Counselor on matters of land-use planning and land selections authorized by the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act.

The maps relate to oil and gas, coal, geothermal sources, metallic and related nonmetallic minerals, ura- nium, metallogenic provinces, and existing and proposed transportation corridors. Also included is an overlay show- ing areas proposed for withdrawal under H.R. 39 as introduced in January 1977.

Single copies of the maps may be obtained at no charge from the Bureau of Mines Assistant Director, Field and Environmental Activities, Rm. 1061, 2401 E Street, Washington, D.C. 20241.

PRICE SCHEDULE-HGS MEETINGS Houston Oaks Hotel

Dinner (no sales at the door) ................ $13.50

Continuing Education - ............................... NOTICE! ADVANCE TICKETS Preregistration $20.00 ...................... FOR MARCH 6 MEETING REQUIRED Registration at the door $25.00

Students ..................................... $10.00 Admission to the March 6 evening meeting at the Holiday Inn-Medical Center

Houston Oaks Hotel will be by prepaid ticket only. Tickets Luncheon .................................... $ 6.50 for this joint meeting with the Geophysical Society of Houston are $13.50. You may purchase tickets by sending RESERVATIONS-223-9309

check and stamped, self-addressed envelope with your Please make reservations for Monday evening meeting by order to HGS, Suite B-1, 806 Main Street, Houston, Tx. the preceding Friday; for Wednesday noon meeting by the 77002. Deadline is March 3. preceding Monday noon.

Houston Geological Soclety Bullettn, March 1978 1

EVENING MEETING, HGS/GSH-MAR. 6, 1978

ELLIOT C. MORRIS-Biographical SketchBorn in Ely, Nevada, Dr.Morris earned BS and MSdegrees from the Univer-sity of Utah. On Leavingthe University, he worked3 years in the Rockies andAlaska for Seismic Explo-ration, Inc., and PhillipsPetroleum Company be-fore resuming his studiesat Stanford. While attend-ing Stanford, he workedfor the USGS in nearbyMenlo Park and took timeout for brief stints as in-structor of the Stanford

field course and as explqration geologist with Richfield inAlaska.

Since receiving his PhD in 1962, Dr. Morris hasworked in the Astrogeologic Studies Branch of the U.S.Geological Survey at Flagstaff, Arizona. With the Survey,he has served as Co-Investigator on the Lunar SurveyorProject; Principal Investigator for the Earth-Moon Libra-tions Regions Experiment of the Gemini XI and XII earth-orbital flights; Staff Scientist, Planetary Programs Office,NASA, and Project Chief, Remote Sensing of GeologicUnits, McMurdo Area, Antarctica. Since 1969 he has beenan experimenter on the Viking Lander Imaging team of theNASA Viking Mars Program, and since 1975 he also hasserved as Assistant Chief of the Branch of AstrogeologicStudies of the USGS. DL Morris is on tour as a Distin-guished Lecturer for the AAPG.

VIKING VIEW OF MARS (Abstract)

Two Viking spacecraft, one launched in August andanother in September of 1975, travelled more than 200million mi to explore the planet Mars. The flight of thesespacecraft, the intricate landing maneuvers, and the com-plex operation of the scientific experiments approachedperfection.

Detailed pictures returned by the Viking orbiters andlanders have revealed the surface of Mars to have much

more variety than anticipated. The orbiters have takenthousands of extraordinarily sharp pictures, superior toany taken by previous missions. Hundreds of thousands ofsquare kilometers of the surface photographed by Vikingcontain numerous physiographic features that are ex-tremely perplexing and difficult to understand. Vikingorbiter pictures reveal abundant evidence of catastrophicfloods that occurred on the Martian surface in some

distant past age; huge canyons, great volcanoes, and vastregions covered by blankets of wind-borne sediments arevisible.

The cameras mounted on the two Viking landers havetaken more than 1,200 detailed photographs which showthe Martian surface at both landing sites to be a rocky,boulder-strewn, reddish-orange desert. Many of the rocksthat litter the surface at both sites seem to be vesicular;they could have been produced either by volcanic pro-cesses or by hypervelocity impacts of meteorites.

Although both lander 1 and 2 sites appear to besimilar block-strewn landscapes, in detail the small-scale

L

features of these areas exhibit considerable variety. Thelander 1 site, with bedrock exposed locally, has an undu-lating surface exhibiting a relief of several meters; thelander 2 site, with no bedrock exposures, is generally flat.At the lander 1 site there is a spectacular field of dunes ordrifts of very fine-grained material, scalloped and erodedby Martian winds. Similar dunes are absent at the secondsite. The lander 1 cameras show the rocks in the vicinityof the spacecraft to have great diversity in brightness,shape, and texture, whereas the lander 2 cameras revealrocks almost monotonous in their vesicular character.

The primary mission of the Viking spacecraft endedNovember 5, 1976, when Mars passed behind the sun andradio communication with the spacecraft ceased. Opera-tions of the spacecraft were revived in late December1976, when Mars again became visible. Acquisition of datafrom Viking will continue in an extended mission phasefor the next 2 years.

HOUSTON GEOLOGICAL AUXILIARY NEWSPlease carry this information home to your wife. The

Auxiliary will be unable to announce these events in theirNewsletter prior to the deadlines.Ladies Round Robin Tennis TournamentApril 4, 9:30 AM, Memorial Park, $5 per person. Bring 1can of new tennis balls. Reservation must be made byApril 1 by sending your check to Singa Shield, 2527Pomeran, Houston, Texas 77080 (462-2857).Ladies Golf TournamentApril 5, 8:30 AM, Sugar Creek Country Club, $10 perperson (includes green fee, cart, lunch, and prizes). Reser-vation must be made by April 1 by sending your check toDee Russek, 626 Chevy Chase Circle, Sugarland, Texas77478 (494-9272).

CALL FOR PAPERS1978 GCAGS CONVENTIONNEW ORLEANS-OCTOBER 11-13, 1978

The Houston Geological Society members have beenrequested to present at least five papers at the convention.There are two thematic approaches for technical papers.These are "Old Plays-New Pays" and "The Lights ThatFailed-Significant Unsuccessful Prospects."

All potential authors are urged to contact Gene Trow-bridge as soon as possible. His address is: 1714 C.& I.Building, Houston 77002 (652-5038).

EAST COASTGEOTHERMAL SEARCH

A team of scientists from Virginia Polytechnic Instituteand State University, in cooperation with appropriateAtlantic Coastal Plain state agencies and the USGS, willselect sites for sixty 1,000-ft wells to measure heat flowand one 7,000-ft exploratory well to determine the mostpromising area for locating a geothermal reservoir alongthe Atlantic Coastal Plain from New Jersey to northernFlorida. The VPI SU team, under the direction of Drs.John Costain, Lyn Glover, and A. K. Sinha, has beenconducting detailed studies of potential East Coast Geoth-ermal sites under contract with DOE's Division of Geoth-ermal Energy. If the drilling and testing are successful, thecontract now being negotiated may be extended for anadditional 12-24 months for work on four additional deepwells.

2 Houston Geological Society Bulletin, March 1978

NOON MEETING-MARCH 29, 1978

RICHARD S. BISHOP-Biographical Sketch

Dick Bishop is a typically"migrating" petroleumgeologist; he was born aYankee but has roots inTexas. He received hisdegrees from Texas Chris-tian University (BS), theUniversity of Missouri(MA), and Stanford Uni-versity (PhD). During hisschooling he spent thesummers doing subsur-face mapping and workingon gravity and magneticsfield crews. For 2 years heworked in both production

geology and exploration geophysics for Union Oil ofCalifornia in New Orleans. During this time he also taughta structural-geology course at Louisiana State Universityin New Orleans.

Since joining Exxon Production Research Company in1975, he has held assignments in both Basin Evaluationand Assessment Sections, where he has participated inprojects on structural-trap prediction, assessment criteria,and geochemistry.

Dr. Bishop is a member of AAPG, GSA, SPE of AIME,and HGS.

SHALE DIAPIRISM AND COMPACTION OFABNORMALLY PRESSURED SHALESIN SOUTH TEXAS (Abstract)

Both salt and shale diapirs of the Gulf Coast basinoccur in similar tectonic settings and seemingly haveformed by the same mechanism. Despite their similarity,however, salt and shale diapirs differ significantly in size,abundance, geographic distribution, and in their capabilityto trap hydrocarbons. Although diapirism generally is'described as an intrusive process whereby less densematerial (usually salt) rises into more dense overburdenowing to buoyancy, shale diapirs in the Gulf Coast do notbehave as predicted by buoyancy theory. Shale density,inversions occur in large areas of both South Louisianaand South Texas, yet subsurface piercement shale diapirsoccur only in South Texas. Explaining this anomalousbehavior has required the integration of field data and theuse of a loading model of diapirism, a model of thecompaction of thick shales, and a numerical simulation ofcompaction history in South Texas.

Interpretation of the results is that two South Texasshale diapirs, La Ward and Sheriff, formed primarily byextrusion and subsequent burial, rather than by intrusion.In general, rapid deposition of a sandy overburden on athick, montmorillonitic shale is the condition most condu-cive to forming shale density inversions.

A theoretical simulation of the South Texas shale-compaction history, combined with a loading model ofdiapirism, provides the basis to explain this general modelof shale-diapir emplacement.

Louisiana's oil-refining industry has a total capacity ofabout 2 million bbl per day. (The Oil Daily, January 11,1978)Houston Geological Society Bulletin, March 1978

SPRING FIELD TRIPOn Saturday, April 1,1978, the Society willsponsor an excursion toDamon Mound, a saltdome in northwesternBrazoria County, about 45mi southwest of Houston.The salt has penetrated towithin 500 ft of the sur-face, raising the mound 83ft above the surroundingcoastal plain.

The Minerals Divisionof Dresser Industries be-gan quarrying limestonecaprock from Damon

Mound in 1975. Subsequent operations have exposed a70-ft section of Oligocene limestone ("Hef' lime) withcoral-reef development, which overlies the caprock and isoverlain unconformably by 30 ft of Pliocene-Pleistocenesand and clay.

Participants will be divided into 3 groups to view eachof these features, and leaders are:General Introduction Hal Baker, Cities ServiceClastics Rufus Le Blanc, Shell DevelopmentReef Stan Frost, Gulf Research, and

Steve Schafersman, Rice UniversityCaprock Harold Overton, Consultant

Because of the difficulty of accomodating largegroups at the limited exposures, attendance will be con-fined to 90 persons, and registration will be checked at thequarry gate. Registration closes March 28, 1978. The fee is$10 per person and includes geological handouts, lunch,and refreshments. To register, send your name, address,company, telephone number, and check (payable to Hous-ton Geological Society) to:

R. E. TepleyMarathon Oil CompanyBox 3128Houston, TX 77001

The various groups will leave the quarry parking lot(see map) promptly at 10 AM; coffee and doughnuts willbe served prior to departure. Refreshments will be availa-ble only at the following times, and the Field Trip Commit-tee requests your cooperation in observing this schedule:

12:00 - 12:45 Lunch2:15 - 2:30 Site change4:00 - 5:00 Social hour

USGS ACTING DIRECTOR NAMED

William A. Radlinski, associate director of the USGSsince December 1969, will be acting director of the Surveyuntil a new director is nominated by President Carter andconfirmed by the Senate. Interior Assistant Secretary JoanM. Davenport said that Interior Secretary Andrus hassubmitted a recommendation for a new director of theUSGS to President Carter. She said the recommendationis based on the results of a search for possible candidatesconducted by the National Academy of Sciences.

Radlinski has been with the USGS since 1949. He is47 years old and a native of Salamanca, N.Y. He is agraduate of Hofstra University.

3

GUEST COLUMN When World War II broke out, we possessed a healthy excess producing capacity over market demand-easily

OUR STRATEGIC OIL RESERVE by Wallace E. Pratt, Geologist, Tucson, Arizona

Alarmed by the energy famine that eveloped us in 1973 when our oil imports from the Middle East suddenly ceased, we are presently engaged in accumulating a "billion-barrel strategic oil reserve," storing it in man-made cavities in salt domes until some future emergency re- quires its use.

This precautionary measure seems to be generally commended despite its projected formidable cost and despite its violation of the fundamental rule of oil conser- vation that, to avoid unnecessary physical waste, petro- leum must not be stored for long periods except in the natural subsurface reservoir in which we first discovered it.

In other words, leave your oil in the ground in its native habitat until it can go directly to market. This is the basis of the "market demand" law of the State of Texas, which has enacted the most enlightened petroleum- conservation law in the nation.

But I submit that there is a more significant objection to the plan to store this "billion-barrel strategic oil re- serve" in artificial cavities in salt domes. I contend that we already have a strategic oil reserve-not a mere billion barrels, but tens of billions of barrels. It is stored in its own natural reservoir, proved and sufficiently developed to produce hundreds of thousands of barrels daily on de- mand.

It is our good fortune that geographically the United States forms a significant fraction of the periphery of the Gulf of Mexico, a land-locked sea which, with the Carib- bean Sea, occupies the mobile, downwarped segment of the earth's crust that lies between the continents of North and South America.

This audience well knows that the rocks underlying these great inland seas and their encircling shores have for more than three quarters of a century furnished a large part of the world's oil supply, and today house one of the half dozen largest proved oil reserves in the earth's crust.

Our real strategic oil reserve, then, is already at hand, safely stored in its own natural reservoirs beneath this New World "Mediterranean" and its coasts-Mexico, the Central American Republics, Colombia, Venezuela, Tri- nidad, and the US.: tens of billions of barrels of proved reserves, and the search for still other oil fields is by no means complete.

But, you may protest, the bulk of these reserves belongs to our Latin American neighbors. They might not be available to us in a future emergency. In this connec- tion let me recite a bit of history most of this captive audience is too young to have experienced.

Winston Churchill is said to have declared that, in both World Wars, "the Allies floated to victory on a sea of oil." But where did the Allies get that sea of oil? From "Uncle Sam," of course. Yet in 1914 when World War I erupted, Uncle Sam had no strategic oil reserve; on the contrary, we were living from hand to mouth, oil-wise, ourselves. Mexico, however, had a comfortable surplus over the domestic needs, and when we turned to her she promptly put that surplus at our disposal. So it was Mexico that "oiled" World War I.

enough to meet the Allies military requirements. But when our tankers first ventured into the Atlantic bound for European ports, Hitler's submarines promptly torpedoed them, completely paralyzing that traffic. We realized that our tankers must stay out of range of the enemy subma- rines which, we knew, were based in the North Atlantic. We thought of Venezuela, with a large exportable oil surplus much farther to the south than our own. That nation cooperated loyally. Trial runs on a direct course from Venezuela to an allied base on the Atlantic coast of Africa encountered no submarines. So it came about that Venezuela oiled World War II, again from our strategic oil reserve.

Twice already, then, our Latin American neighbors have drawn on our strategic oil reserve to help us meet desperate emergencies. I am confident that, unless our diplomacy is completely bankrupt, we can, with a little foresight, assure ourselves of similar cooperation in any future emergency.

Our strategic oil reserve is still inadequately explored. Some of the nations that occupy its margins have neither the capital nor the technical "know-how" required to perform a further exhaustive search. At the moment Mex- ico lacks the capital required to develop the bevy of giant oil fields it has recently discwered and to transport to market the natural gas these fields will produce. Both as a "good neighbor" and in our own best interest, we should participate and assist in the efforts of our neighbors to find and develop new oil fields in this promising "hunting ground."

At all events, let us spare Mexico the necessity of crossing the Atlantic to secure the funds to develop her vast new oil fields.

Mr. Pratt was the first geologist hired by Humble Oil & Refining Company (now Exxon Company USA) in 1918 and he rose to the position of vice president of Standard of New Jersey. He retired in 1945 and now lives in Tucson, Arizona. He is a charter member and Honorary Life Member of HGS; he is a founding member, Honorary Member, and a past president (1920-21) of AAPG; he was the first recipient in 1945 of AAPG's highest award, the Sydney Powers Memorial Award, and the first recipient in 1972 of AAPG's Human Needs Award.

DOE ACTION DISCOURAGES U. S. PRODUCTION

Exxon U.S.A. said that the notice it received January 10, 1978, from the Department of Energy (DOE) alleging overcharges for crude oil of $183 million is "the second instance in the last several weeks in which the government has made new retroactive interpretations having the effect of discouraging new domestic oil production. Such ad- ministrative rulings are in direct conflict with U.S. govern- ment policy to encourage increased production of domes- tic oil."

The unitization of the Hawkins field in Wood County, Texas, had as its objective increasing oil production by more than 100 million bbl.

"Had the government's position been known in ad- vance, the formation of the unit would have been substan- tially delayed with a resultant permanent loss in ultimate recovery," a company spokesman said. "In fact there is a

Houston Geological Society Bulletin. March 1978

serious question as to whether the field could have been unitized at all. In a similar manner a December claim would have discouraged additional production from the Jay-Escambia Creek field, the most significant onshore discovery in the Lower 48 states in recent years."

"Exxon and more than 2400 other operating and royalty owners were trying to increase recovery of badly needed domestic crude oil when they unitized the Haw- kins field January 1, 1975," the spokesman said.

When a September 1975 ruling, issued 8 months after the unit was formed, raised questions concerning the pricing of oil produced from unitized fields, Exxon and other owners pointed out to the Federal Energy Adminis- tration (FEA) that the ruling would discourage operations to increase production. A public hearing was held and the ruling was revised to remove the penalty for unitization of Hawkins and other fields. That ruling is now being ig- nored.

"Exxon and others had not one but many conferences with FEA. Moreover, Exxon's interpretations of existing regulations were made known to the Federal Energy Administration prior to the beginning of the extensive audit conducted by the Office of Special Counsel. At no time did FEA take exception to Exxon plans or interpreta- tions of the regulations," the spokesman said.

"We will vigorously contest any government effort to apply standards not in effect when our decisions and commitments were made," the spokesman concluded

ADDENDUM TO RESERVOIR ENGINEERING FOR GEOLOGISTS

The purpose of this paper is to provide references and further comments on procedures for estimating oil and gas reserves. The need for this supplementary paper became evident in the January 12-13, 1978, Continuing Education Course which I put on for the Society. Material presented in that course will not be repeated in this paper, but the paper still may be of value to Society members who did not participate in the course because it provides references for the more important methods discussed.

Major References Two extensive, yet inexpensive references are highly

recommended. The first is: Oi l and Gas Property Evaluation and Reserve Esti-

mates (Revised Ed.), No. 3 in the Petroleum Transactions Reprint Series. This collection of papers is available for $3.00 to Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) members and for $5.00 to nonmembers. The Society's address is:

Society of Petroleum Engineers of AlME 6200 North Central Expressway Dallas, Texas 75206

Among the contents of this booklet that will be of interest to many HGS members are:

1. "Estimation of Primary Oil Reserves," by J. J. Arps. This paper was the source of much of my lecture on this subject.

2. "Reasons for Differences in Recovery Efficiency," by J. J. Arps. This paper states the APl's 1967 statistical correlation equations for recovery efficiency in solution- gas-drive and water-drive reservoirs. It also provides con- venient nomographs to be used for making recovery- efficiency estimates without using one of the more complex hand calculators.

Houston Geological Society Bullet~n, March 1978 J

3. "Analysis of Decline Curves," by J. J. Arps. This material goes well beyond what we were able to discuss in our introductory lecture.

4. "Reservoir Fluid Parameters." This is a collection of selected correlations from the petroleum literature which will allow the geologist or engineer to estimate many of the quantities required for equations which predict re- serves. These include water and oil viscosities, bubble- point pressure of oil, and oil reservoir (or formation) volume factor. Examples are included with these figures to ease the self-instruction process.

The second major recommended reference is: Advances in Well Test Analysis by R. C. Earlougher.

Jr., No. 5 in the SPE Monograph Series. This book is inexpensive for SPE members ($7.50) but rather expensive for nonmembers ($22.50). Appendix D in this book con- tains one of the most up-to-date and most complete sets of reservoir-rock and fluid-property correlations available anywhere at any price. These correlations include Z- factors for gases, bubble-point pressure and formation volume factor for oils, formation compressibility, water compressibility, oil compressibility, oil viscosity, and water viscosity.

Prediction of Oil Reserves Above Bubble Point in Unsatu- rated Oil Reservoir

During the short course, considerable interest was expressed in calculation techniques for estimating oil reserves which will be produced between original reservoir pressure and the bubble-point pressure for a reservoir with neither water nor gas-cap drive. The equation for this calculation (a form of the "material balance" equation) is

Nph - N Bol (PI - Ph) (c,, S<,i + CW Sv + ~ 1 )

Nph Oil reserve producible between original reservoir pressure, P,, and bubble point pressure, Ph, ST6

N - Original oil in place, STB

B,,, = Oil formation volume at original reservoir pressure, reservoir bbl per stock-tank bbl

BLlh = Oil formation volume factor at bubble point, reservoir bbl per stock-tank bbl

P, = Original reservoir pressure, psig or psia

Ph . Bubble-point pressure, psig or psia

c,, - Oil compressibility, vol/vol/psi

cn = Water compressibility, vol/vol/psi

CI = Formation compressibility, vol/vol/psi

S,,, : Initial oil saturation ( : I-S,) fraction of pore volume

S , Initial water saturation, fraction of pore volume

Correlations available in Advances in Well Testing will be required to estimate c,,, c,, and CI. In absence of reliable laboratory data, B,,, can be considered to equal B,,h without significant loss of accuracy. If N is not known, it will at least be possible to estimate the fraction of original oil in place, NpdN, which can be produced between original and bubble point pressures.

Material-Balance Calculations In the Continuing Education Course, we mentioned

on several occasions that "material-balance equations," which ,require detail beyond the scope of the course, would be useful for estimating reserves in many situations.

One of the most readable and immediately usable books on material-balance calculations is Practical Reservoir Engineering by E. T. Guerrero, published by the Petro- leum Publishing Company (which also publishes the Oil and Gas Journal). This is not a textbook: it is a series of completely worked example applications of material- balance (and other) methods to problems such as reserve and rate estimations. The book does not emphasize why; it emphasizes how.

Dr. W. J. LEE

"GENERATE IN '78" OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA AAPG-SEPM CONVENTION

Set out below are a few of the highlights of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists to be held April 9-12 in Myriad Convention Center at Oklahoma City.

The technical program will run 3 days containing 36 sessions of geological, geophysical, and engineering tech- nology. AAPG's new Energy Minerals Division will be supplying many papers in the areas of coal, geothermal and nuclear energy, and oil-shale and tar-sands develop- ment. Four short courses will be offered preceding the meeting, as well as numerous research study groups and seven field trips, both pre- and post-convention.

Social events planned for the enjoyment of all will include a Convention party with the theme "Shootout at the OK Corral," where chuckwagons filled with barbecue will roll into the hall. Lots of lively entertainment and music will prevail, and the saloons will stay open until closed by the marshal. Ladies activities are abundant, with a luncheon and fashion show by the famous designer Bill Blass. Sightseeing will include the National Cowboy Hall of Fame, an "End of the Trail" brunch, and a special display of Oklahoma's western heritage.

AAPG's Energy Resource Development Exhibition will be located in the arena of the Myriad, the center of the activity. Coffee and juice bars will provide attendees refreshments as they browse through the display of the most up-to-date products available in our search for new energy resources.

An Employment Interviews Center in the Myriad Con- vention Center is planned. Any firms interested in partici- pating should contact William E. Jackson, Patrick Petro- leum Corporation, 1900 City National Bank Tower, Oklahoma City. OK 73102. Interested geologists should plan to register for interviews beginning at 8 AM, Monday morning, April 10.

Further information about AAPG's Annual Convention and Exhibition can be obtained from AAPG Headquarters, P.O. Box 979, Tulsa, OK 74101.

AAPG-OKLAHOMA ClTY APRIL 9-12, 1978

Group space has been reserved for AAPG members planning to fly to the 1978 annual meeting. Group fares are not applicable at this time. As there is no meal service on these flights, all seats have been reserved in economy class in order to give you the best possible airfare. All flights are via Continental Airlines: Round-trip airfare is $104. Reservations are needed by March 7, 1978.

HOUSTON TO OKLAHOMA ClTY

Date Flight Depart April 7 43 1 7:00 PM April 8 45 1 10:25 AM

443 2:25 PM 43 1 7:00 PM

April 9 Same flights, same times

OKLAHOMA ClTY TO HOUSTON

April 11 452 9:15 PM April 12 420 2:45 PM

452 9:15 PM April 13 Same flights, same times

Arrive 8:05 PM

11:30 AM 3:30 PM 8:05 PM

10:17 PM 350 PM

10:17 PM

Requests for additional information and reservations should be directed to Connie:

Travel Unlimited, Inc.-AAPG Flights P. 0 . Box 25187 Houston, Texas 77005 713l5.26-3161

NEW PUBLICATIONS USGS Circulars 77-279 An environmental assessment of hydrocarbons in

mid-Atlantic shelf sediments: 1975-1976 USGS-BLM program, by R. E. Miller, D. M. Schultz. D. Ligon, B. George, and D. Hoyle. 43 p., 7 figs. Microfiche $3.50; paper copy $6.25.

77-383 Land use and land cover and associated maps for Bay City, Texas. Four maps keyed to the USGS topo- graphic map of Bay City, 1:250,000. These maps are coded for statistical data development. The maps are (1) land use and land cover, (2) political units, (3) hydro- logic units, and (4) census county subdivisions. Also included is one positive of the cultural base.

77-754 Approximate areas of recharge to the Chicot and Evangeline aquifer systems in the Houston-Galveston area,- exa as, by R. K. Gabrysch. 1 p., 1 pl., sc approxi- mately 1 :750,000.

77-764 Uranium and thorium distribution in soils and weathered bedrock in south Texas, by K. A. Dickinson. 18 p., 8 figs. Microfiche $3.50; paper copy $3.

77-768 Interpretation of an aeromagnetic anomaly in McMullen and Live Oak Counties, Texas, by J. S. Duval and R. A. Martin. 8 p., 3 figs. Microfiche $3.50; paper copy $1.25.

The above circulars or information on them can be obtained from the USGS, Bqx 25046, Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225.

Books Mission to Earth: Landsat View of the World, by

Nicholas M. Short. Paul D. Lowman, Jr., and Stanley C. Freden of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and William A. Finch, Jr., San Diego State University. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Stock No. 033-000-00659- 4. 459 p., 400 pl. $14.

The classic volume, Tertiary History of the Grand Cafion District, with Atlas by Clarence E. Dutton and illustrations by Moran and Holmes beautifully reproduced by Peregrine Smith, Inc., P.O. Box 667, Layton, Utah 84041. Limited edition. Price $175.

6 Houston Geolog~cal Soc~ety Bullet~n, March 1978

STATEMENT BY EDD TURNER, AAPG PRESIDENT

Questions are being raised about the validity of an "energy crisis" in times of an oil "glut." In spite of the seeming contradiction, glut and shortage can coexist. Let's examine some facts.

The "glut" is temporary. Oil now beginning to flow from the Alaskan North Slope will not substantially extend the period during which we can expect to re19 exclusively on fossil fuels for our energy needs. We are using 17 million bbl of oil each day. That's 6.2 billion bbl a year.

Alaskan oil will raise American production from 8.1 million to 8.9 million bbl daily. The positive effect of this increase is to reduce the amount of oil we are forced to import, leading to a more favorable balance-of-payments situation with the OPEC countries. But consumption is increasing, and the Alaskan fields may not extend the time during which we can rely on fossil fuels by more than 2 years.

Even tak~ng Alaskan oil into account, U.S. oil produc- tion peaked in 1970 at 9.6 million bbl a day. The figure for 1976 was 8.1 million.

Canadian production peaked in 1973. Production has declined steadily since then, at a rate of 350,000 bbl less each year. The oil-rich Middle East saw its highest pro- duction year in 1974, with 21.8 million bbl drawn, but more recent figures are down 2 million bbl. Africa peaked in 1970.

Production of oil and natural gas in the free world reached its hlghest level in 1973, but discovery and pro- duction in communist nations are still rising.

No matter how much oil is being found, pumped, and used, the supply of fossil fuels is finite, so there is an energy crisis.

For the short run, we have a "glut" of oil-on the West Coast. If by "glut" we mean that more oil and gas are available than can be used where produced, then we have had for a number of years a "glut" of oil in Texas and Louisiana. Both states produce more than they can use, but the oil and gas are trans-shipped to the rest of the nation. The coming "glut" of oil on the West Coast is government inspired: federa, state, and local authorities are standing in the way of shipping the oil where it is needed and can be used.

For months, permission has been sought to reverse flow in an existing pipeline running from New Mexico to Long Beach, California, which would enable movement of Alaskan oil from the West Coast into existing cross- country pipeline systems. The Federal Power Commission has been delaying the plan by asking for detailed informa- tion in a continuing series of queries. Now the California Air Board is saying it wants no tankers coming into the port at Long Beach. It might be said that the West Coast is not cooperating with the rest of the country.

President Carter has discarded the idea of trading Alaskan Oil with Japan in exchange for Japan's supplies of Persian Gulf oil delivered to East Coast ports.

It is not possible to move large volumes of North Slope oil through the Panama Canal: large tankers are too big for the canal. If tankers are required to go around the Horn, oil arrivlng at East Coast ports could cost more than the highest priced Mid-East oil. To build a pipeline across the Panama Isthmus would cost anywhere in the neigh- borhood of $2 million a mile-roughly a $100 million

project, and that cost does not take into consideration building loading docks and deep-water ports. There are no deep-water facilities-needed by super tankers-on either end of the canal.

One envisions tankers full of Alaskan oil, like the Flying Dutchman, plying the Pacific forever.

On the political side, it needs to be made clear to consumers that control of prices holds down production. Oil and natural gas price controls, rather than meaning savings to consumers, means we must rely more and more heavily on greater quantities of imported oil-from coun- tries over whose pricing policies the U.S. has no control.

Oil producers are trying desperately to find oil resour- ces, develop them, and get fuels to the American market. With governmental interference in production and ship- ping, price controls holding down production, and the driving need to decrease our dependence on imported fuels while developing other energy sources for the day oil runs out, the oilman is caught between a rock and a hard place. "Glut" and energy crisis indeed can coexist.

"THE MINI ICE AGE COMETH," OR "SKI LUBBOCK"

Winter has set in again. And with the howling winds, the snow, and the cold, creep chilling memories of the Winter of '77. Will the Winter of '78 carry on the arctic snows and record-shattering cold of last year? Or, has Mother Nature played out her hand?

When last year's Freeze turned the Ohio River to ice, Cincinnati's riverwalkers came out "en masse." Most de- fended this bizarre winter sport with visions of telling grandchildren about the freezing Winter of '77. About walking across the frozen Ohio River to Kentucky.

Was the Big Freeze of '77 just the start of something big . . . . . and cold? Will the riverwalkers have a different story to tell about a time, long ago, when the river hardly ever froze?

Did the Winter of '77 make us unjustly wary of winter; the happy season of snowmen and horse-drawn sleigh rides? Are we foolish to worry?

Madeleine Briskin, University of Cincinnati Assistant Professor of Geology, believes we've got plenty to worry about.

Researcher in long-range weather cycles, Briskin be- lieves that the Big Freeze of '77 was just the beginning of a "Mini Ice Age" that will hit the world's upper latitudes by the year 2000.

"The winters will, in general, get colder and colder," Briskin says, "until by the year 2000, we will be experienc- ing arctic winters and cool (perhaps 50" to 60" F) summers. The deep-sea record shows us this without question."

The deep-sea record, keystone of much of the "Mini Ice Age" theory, consists of core samples from the ocean bottom. Tiny planktonic organisms, extremely sensitive to temperature, live near the surface of the world's oceans. These organisms die and fall to the ocean bottom and a never-ending sediment builds up: "A constant rain," Bris- kin explains. By studying the remains of these tiny anim- als, scientists can determine the surface temperature of the oceans at the time these organisms died. With this information, they can reconstruct atmospheric patterns and the world's weather.

Houston Geolog~cal Soclety Bulletm. March 1978 7

"Where these organisms were especially abundant," Briskin says, "we can see global weather patterns over relatively short periods of time; decades in some cases. The deep-sea record has shown us that 'Mini Ice Ages' are not uncommon and that the world experienced one only a few hundred years ago, ending around the close of the eighteenth century. We then entered a warming cycle until around 1914. At that time, global temperatures began to drop. Last winter, we were given a small taste of things to come. We expect the cycle to continue until around 2050, peaking around the year 2000."

According to Briskin, the adventures of the Vikings were interrupted by a "Mini Ice Age." When the Vikings reached Greenland, she says, the world was experiencing a warm phase. "The winters were mild and vegetation was abundant. So abundant, in fact, that they gave the island the name 'Greenland'; a name that doesn't seem to fit today.' By the time they started reaching out toward North America, a cold phase, of 'Mini Ice Age,' set in. Exploration was halted and records indicate that settle- ments in the once 'Greenland' had to be abandoned.

"The last 'Mini Ice Age,'" Briskin continues, "is evident in the written history of the times. Although every winter was not necessarily harsh, overall, the winters were much like the winter of '77. Many paintings of the period depict gray skies, lots of snow, and strong winds.

"In the 1600s, Great Britain was a leader in the wine industry. Harsh winters destroyed the grape crops and soon ended Great Britain's attempts at replacing France as the world's leading wine-producing country.

"During the 1700s some parts of upstate New York had snow on the ground all year long, and the bitter

Briskin is not alone in her long-range weather predic- tions. She is a member of a group of geologists called the Climate Group. Together they are currently attempting to convince the world of the coming Freeze. "It's like the biblical example of Joseph warning the Pharoah to save for the coming seven years of famine," she says. "People must realize what is coming. We need to manage our resources and prepare ourselves. The really tragic part is that this will come at a time of the highest human popula- tion in world history, and a period of energy crises and depletion of natural resources.

"I don't like to sound like someone preaching Dooms- day, but the combination of all these factors could have a devastating effect on the human system. We will all suffer."

Briskin added that even if we survive the ordeal, civilization, as we know it, will eventually be destroyed by the next major Ice Age. The last one was about 18,000 years ago and the next one is expected in a scant 5,000 years. North America will be a mass of moving ice, one big glacier. Cities will be flattened, rivers and lakes frozen solid, and animals and vegetation extinct in the northern latitudes.

If all this seems depressing, we suggest that next summer you take a nice drive in the country (on second thought, better walk and save gas!). Take particular note of, and enjoy, the green grass, the birds, the butterflies, the way the warm sun feels on your back. Remember it all; your grandchildren may one day ask you how it was back in the "old days." (Reprinted with permission, cincinnati horizons, University of Cincinnati Alumni Magazine.)

winters of the American Revolution are, of course, a matter of historv." SEPM BRAINSTORM SESSION

The deep-sea record isn't the only evidence for the coming of the next "Mini Ice Age," Briskin says. Since 1914, the temperature of the upper atmosphere has dropped more than one degree centigrade. Although that may not seem significant to the layman, Briskin explains its importance: "A one-degree drop in the upper atmos- phere has a tremendous effect on the evaporation rate of the oceans. Water vapor is a chief heat carrier, and less evaporation means less water vapor. That, in turn, means less heat can be carried from the equator to the northern latitudes."

For further evidence, Briskin cites the patterns of wildlife migration. Armadillos, for instance, were migrating northward until the turn of the century. They are now moving steadily southward. Snow geese have also been reported in southern Ohio and Kentucky. "Unheard of," Briskin says. "Snow geese only live in very cold climates."

The consequences of this coming "Mini Ice Age" will

ATTENTION! All persons interested in economic micropa- leontology, biostratigraphy, paleoecology, paleoclimatol- ogy, and other related disciplines: WE WANT YOU to attend a discussion session for the purpose of exploring ways in which the SEPM can better serve economic paleontologists, professionally and scientifically. WE NEED YOUR suggestions and comments concerning pro- grams, communications, research, new ideas, develop- ments, and other related topics. The SEPM is strong today, but can be stronger tomorrow. Come one, come all!!

Time: Monday, April 10, 1978 3:30-5:00 PM Place: Oklahoma City AAPG-SEPM Convention Room: See Convention Program

For further information contact Duane 0 . LeRoy, Exxon Co., U.S.A., P.O. Box 2180, Houston, Texas 77001.

not stop at a few shivers and a lot of snow shoveling, Briskin warns. By the time the cold weather peaks, she believes drastic changes in our lives will be inevitable. FREE MOVIE SERIES

"First of all," she says, "sea level will drop substan- "Carbonate Sands," a Shell film running 40 minutes, tially due to the large amounts of water that will be describes the origin and recognition of some important trapped in ice. Our coastal cities will be left high and dry. carbonate sand bodies, l t will be twice on wednes- Sea commerce will be thrown into turmoil. Agriculture will day, ~~~~h 22, 1978, between 11:45 AM and 1:30 PM in also suffer. The U.S. wheat belt will be practically non- the ~ i ~ ~ t c i ty ~~~t ~ ~ d i t ~ ~ i ~ ~ (take escalator to base- productive. If We should have five Or ten particularly harsh ment) at Dallas and Fannin Streets, -rhe film, made in the winters in a row, the results will be catastrophic." Bahamas, shows three environments of carbonate sand

'Editor's note: Other authorities may disagree w ~ t h this explanation of deposition: shelf interior, shelf margin, and eolian.

how "Greenland" was named. E. P. RALL

8 Houston Geological Soc~ety Bulletin, March 1978

HGS MEMORIAL SCHOLARSHIP FUND

Mrs. Ma~o lene B. S p e d Patron Estate of Cerleton D. Speed, Jr. 706 River Oaks Bank & Trust Tower 2001 Kirby Drive Houston, Texas 7701 9

Houston Oil and Minerals Corp. 242 The Main Building 1212 Main Houston, Texas 77002

Patron Benefactor

John K, Rabenold 962 San Jacinto Building Houston, Texas 77002

Barber Oil Exploration, Inc. 1717 St. James Place, Suite 600 Houston, Texas 77056

R. Brewer and Company Inc. 1210 Americana Building Houston, Texas 77002

Donor

Donor

Donor

AAPG COURSES ANNOUNCED May 15-19, 1978, Americana Inn of the Six Flags,

Arlington, Texas. Carbonate Exploration and Exploitation Models and Concepts. 4% days of lectures, discussions, exercises, and a full day field trip. Instructors include James Lee Wilson, Kenneth F. Wantland, Jerry Lucia, Peter A. Scholle, Perry 0. Roehl, Jerry Namy, 0. T. Hayward. $475.00

June 5-9, 1978, Hilton Inn Harvest House, Boulder, Colorado. Clastic Diagenesis-Its Role in Reservoir Qual- ity and Hydrocarbon Entrapment. One week of lectures, discussions, exercises, a half-day workshop using micro- scopes plus a demonstration of the scanning-electron microscope at the University of Colorado, and 2 half-day field trips. Instructors include Earle F. McBride, Ronald C. Surdam, Robert Brenner, Jack B. Hayes, Ted R. Walker, Paul R: Schluger, Volkmar Schmidt, Edwin K. Maughan, Edward D. Pittman, William Almon. $525.00

Additional information can be obtained by contacting the Department of Educational Activities, AAPG, P.O. Box 979, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74101 (9181584-2555).

NEW NATURAL GAS PIPELINE MAP

The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission has issued a new edition of a map showing the principal natural-gas pipelines in the U.S. The map (M-111) is approximately 13 by 18 in. at a scale of about 170 mi per in., and is printed in 7 colors. The map shows natural-gas pipelines in existence, under construction, authorized but not yet built, and proposed as of June 30, 1977. Natural- gas-supply areas are also shown.

The pipelines are numbered to correspond to an index of 144 natural-gas companies shown on the map. A list of importers and exporters of Canadian and Mexican natural gas is also included.

The map is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.' 20402, at a cost of $1.00 per copy. (GPO Stock No. 01 5-000-00365-1 ) .

COORDINATING COMMITTEE 1979 AAPG-SEPM CONVENTION

HOUSTON, TEXAS

M e d , I-r: vlce-chairman tor SEPM, John R. Castaiio, Shell Development Co.; general chairman, Anthony Reso, T e n m Oil Co. Standing, 1-1: flnance and budget chairman, Sabin W. Marshall, Texas Gas Transmisolon; general vice- cheinnm, J. Denny Bartell. Hemmingway, Bartell and Aeroclates; technlcd program coordinator, Edward McFarlan, Jr., Euon Co. U.S.A. Not in plcture: vice-chairman lor Energy Mlnerals Dlvklon of AAPG. Warren H. Westphel, lntemetional Energy Corp.

HouMlon Qeologld Sodety Bulletin. March 1978

PROFESSIONAL NOTES Dune 0. LeRoy, Geological Advisor with Exxon Go.,

U.S.A., is a contributor and co-editor of a new geology textbook, "Subsurface Geology in Petroleum, Mining and Construction," published in August by the Colorado School of Mines.

Mervln Grace reports that he has bound AAPG Bulletins for the years 1917 through 1966, in excellent condition, for sale. Price $1000.00 (658-981 1 ).

Y

Claudla P. Ludwig has joined Worldwide Energy Corpora- tion as Exploration Geologist in the company's Gulf Coast Division in Houston (654-781 7).

Scott J. Lyslnger has joined Cayuga Exploration Inc. as Division Geologist for Louisiana and the southeastern states (658-8544).

LOG LIBRARY PLANNED

A suburban, up-to-date, comprehensive map, scouting-reports, and log-file library is planned for the Magic Circle area (west of Loop 610 between Woodway and Westheimer). The library will provide quick accessibil- ity to needed information and space for working in pri- vacy. Copiers will be available. For more detailed informa- tion contact Mrs. Iva Kemp at 461-3128.

MORE ON "REASONABLE" PROFIT Marshall McDonald, president and chief executive of

Florida Light and Power Company, says profit is the cost of doing business. He defines reasonability in profit levels thusly:

"What's a reasonable profit? Let's start the answer with another question. What does it take to keep a com- pany in business? It takes capital-money to buy the facilities that bring in income. You must pay for the use of this money, and what you pay with is income left over after meeting expenses. This "left-over" income Is what most call "profit"; but slnce you must pay it to attract capital, business analysts consider it cost-the "cost of capital." Out of this profit comes capital for reinevestment in the business. Out of profit comes the dlvidend that attracts shareholder capital. Out of profit comes the ability to borrow additional capital at reasonable (there's that word again) interest rates. All this is especially critical for an electric utility because it takes a lot of capital to keep us in business. About four dollars HI facilities for each dollar we collect in revenue.

"Now the key question: How much profit does it take to attract this necessary capital? That depends on the relation between earnings and the risk of their loss, for one thing, and on competition for investor's money, for another. Recently, the United States government issued some securities offering about 935% interest. That's tough competition for a private company that must bid even higher for an investor's savings.

"Indications are that what investor's consider reasona- ble for an electric utility company is a return on common shareholders' equity in the 14 to 16% range. When the United States government must offer so high a return on a virtual risk-free investment, you can see why private business has to offer 14% or more to attract equity capital." (Reprinted with permission of Exxon USA.)

CONTINUING EDUCATION Noted elsewhere are the bibliographic references and formula which Dr. John Lee promised at the last program, "Reservoir Engineering for Petroleum Geologists." Those people who attended, and any HGS member, may wish to order either one or both of the reference vo- lumes. If you desire a copy or copies, please make a check payable to the HGS and send it to the Society Office, Attn:

Vicki King, 806 Main St., Suite 5 1 , Houston, TX 77002. Through the efforts of Bob Anderson we will obtain the first reference for $3.00, and the second for $7.50.

Dr. Fred A Donath will present the fifth Continuing Education Program of the 77-78 year entitled "Structural Analysis of Fault and Fracture Systems." It wll be held on Thursday, March 16, beginning at 1 p.m. sharp in the Exxon Auditorium, concluding at 4:30. The second session starts at 8:30 a.m. Friday morning and ends at noon.

Dr. Donath attended the University of Minnesota and Stanford University, receiving his Ph.D. in 1958 from the latter institution. He joined the faculty OF Columbia Univer- sity in 1958, and left his position there as Professor of Geology in January 1967 to join the staff of the Univemity of Illinois, Urbana, as Professor and Head of the Depart- ment of Geology.

Dr. Donath has served as Acting editor of The Geo- logical Society of America and is currently the Editor of the Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. He served as Secretary of the Tectonophysics Section of the American Geophysical Union from 1964 to 1968. Dr. Donath is a Fellow of The Geological Society of America, The Geological Society of London, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He is a member of the American Geophysical Union, The Ameri- can A d a t l o n of Petroleum Geologists, Sigma Xi, and Pht Beta Kappa.

His primary interest has been the analysis of geologic deformation based on the principles of mechanics and on laboratory and field investigations. Since 1960, he has carried on an extensive program in experimental rock deformation, first at Columbia Univenity and presently at the University of Illinois, Urbana.

Subjects covered by the lectures include the ideal geometry of fracture and faulting, factors modifying ideal relationships, recognition of fracture sets and significant trends, determination of attitude and displacements, deter- mination of principal stress directions, relationship to other structure, and age relationships in fault and fracture systems.

For information on a belt for an all-weather coat which was lost during the fall field trip, contact Claudia Ludwig, Field Trip Committee member, at 654-7817.

10 Houston GeologLcal Society f3ullslln. March 1978

GENERAL CALL FOR PAPERS AAPG-SEPM ANNUAL MEETING, April 1-4,1979

With the theme "Our Ideas Find Oil," The Technical Program for the 64th Annual Meeting in Houston is being organized in four major parts, according to Edward McFarlan, Jr., Technical Program Coordinator. Three of the parts (AAPG, SEPM, and Energy Minerals Division or EMD) represent the professional groups concerned with the technical subject matter to be presented. The fourth part (Poster Sessions) concerns a special service offered to these three groups.

An outline of topics proposed for special or general sessions is offered by each of the three groups but is in no way binding on any group. Author candidates with interests in any topic, listed or otherwise, are urged to submit titles and abstracts as soon as possible to the appropriate Program Chairman. Program logistics may require a chairman to refer a suitable paper to another group. Earlier entries may have more influence in shaping the program. The deadline for entries is October 2, 1978. Suggestions are welcome at any time. Authors will be eligible for best-paper awards in regular technical and poster sessions.

AAPG Chairman: W. H. Roberts Ill. Gulf R&D Co., Box

36506, Houston, Texas 77036. Research Symposium: Exploration of Interior Basins;

Resource Symposium: Assessing Undiscovered Resource Potential; Technical Program: The Exploration Record,

MA RCH SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDP;

19 Rocky Mtn . Section

A A P G - S E P M

Salt Lake Cily.Utsh

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AAPG-SEPM

Salt Lake City. Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U o l H

NOON SEMINAR

749 -1803

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7 4 9 - 1 8 0 3

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i FOR S P W L A

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I 1 )uston Geolog~cal Society Bullet~n. March 1978

Exploration Frontiers and Techniques, Professional and Environmental Affairs.

SEPM Chairman: John E. Warme, Dept. of Geology, Rice

University, Box 1892, Houston, Texas 77001. Research Symposium: "Dolomitization" Concepts and

Models of Dolomitization; Joine SEPM-AAPG Symposium: DSDP-IPOD Decade Summary; Technical Program: Sedi- mentology, Paleontology, Stratigraphy, Geochemistry, Sedimentary Petrology, Porosity & Cementation.

EMD Chairman: R. J. Tondu, Getty Oil Co., 6750 West Loop

South, #500, Bellaire, Texas 77401. Fossil Fuels and Near-Term Substitutes: Nuclear Min-

erals, Geothermal Energy, Coal, Tar Sands, Oil Shales, Mineral Economics.

POSTER SESSIONS Chairman: W. G. Dow, Getty Oil Co., 3903 Stoney

Brook, Houston, Texas 77042. Poster displays are well suited for detailed illustrations

as well as for samples of rocks, coals, oils, fossils, etc., which cannot be appreciated in lecture sessions. They are likely to attract the casual visitor who might not attend a lecture. For these reasons, good review material is encour- aged and strictly unpublished material is not a requisite. Poster sessions are an opportunity to express creativity with new ideas and concepts.

A more detailed list of possible topics will be pub- lished in the April issue of the AAPG Bulletin.

1978 WEDNESDA'

I

15

RlCE SEMINAR

Dr. Gregory A. Davis

528-4141

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E x x o n Aud i to r ium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 5 ~ ~ . : : : : ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

S l P E S 1 l :3Oa.m.

Petroleum Club 654 -0072

2 3 MESOZOIC

GEOLOGISTS NOON

BRIAR CLUB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RlCE SEMINAR

Dr. John Suppe

FRIDAY SATURDA I

CALL TODAY 223-9309 I

FOR

RESERVATK)NS

HGs I

Exxon A u d ~ t o r ~ u m

8.3Oa.m. - 1 2 Noon

H G S 17 D r F r e d A Donath

RlCE SEMINAR I

18

Dr. John Suppe

528 -4141

NEW MEMBERS JANUARY 5, 1978

BAKER, GEORGE F Senlor Geolog~st Exxon Company, USA P O . Box 2180. Room 7 '61~ . 4550 Houston, Tx. 77001 680-5507

BEH. RICHARD L. Geologist Cltles Servlce International, Inc. Box 642 Houston, Tx. 77001 869-6521

BLAKE. WESLEY M Well Logging Technician The Analysts P.O. Box 45863 Houston, Tx. 77045 433-3671

CLINE. WILLIAM MICHAEL Geophyslclst Western Geophys~cal P 0 Box 2463 Houston, Tx. 77001 789-9600 - Ext. 2293

COOLEY, TILLMAN W . JR. Staff Productlon Geolog~st Super~or 011 Company P 0 Box 1521 Houston. Tx. 77001 751 -4247

COX. JOE H.. JR Englneer Gulf Research 8 Development 11 11 1 Wilcrest Houston. Tx 77036 778-5359

HARRINGTON. DAVID H Geolog~st Oil Well Buyers Co. 5433 Westhelmer, sulte 306 Houston. Tx. 77056 960-9541

HARRIS, PAUL M Research Assoc~ate Getty 011 Company 3903 Stoney Brook Houston. Tx. 77063 782-5911 - Ext. 161

HIRSCH, H R Vlce-Pres~dent-Explorat~on Super~or 011 Co. P 0 Box 1521 Houston, Tx 77001 751-4281

JOHNSON, MICHAEL LEE Superv~sor - Economic Eval Offshore 8 Alaska Div Contlnental 011 Company P.O. Box 2197, Sulte 2928 Houston. Tx. 77001 965-2406

KERDAHI, NABlL I. Geophyslclst Superlor 011 Company P.O. BOX 1521 Houston, Tx 77001 751-4706

LOLLAR, JOHN H. Pres~dent Pend Orellle Oil 8 Gas 1203 Capltal National Bank Bldg 1300 M a r St. Houston. Tx 77002 658-8308

MATHEWS, DAVID S. Consultant Integrated D r ~ l l ~ n g 8 Logg~ng. Inc 1404 Melrose Bldg Houston. Tx. 77002 237-8925

PEDERSEN, EDWARD P D~~~~~ Staff Geophysicist

Amoco Productlon Co. 500 Jefferson Bldg Houston. Tx 77002 652-4579

PRATT, SAMUEL F., JR. Senlor Geolog~st (Exploration) Columbla Gas Development Corp. P 0 Box 1350 Houston, Tx 77001 626-8090

ROBINSON, PHILIP STEPHEN Geolog~st Peppard-Souders 8 Assoc. 3801 Kirby #600 Houston, Tx. 77089 526-8899

RUTLAND, CHARLES R. Geolog~cal Eng~neer Tenneco 011 Co. P 0 . Box 2888 Houston, Tx 77001 757-4355

SALVADOR, PHILLIP Geologlst Contlnental 011 Company P.O. Box 2197 Houston. Tx 77001 965-2414

SHERMAN. Wm. T Vlce President 011 8 Gas Rental Serv. 2426 Bank of S. W. Bldg. Houston, Tx 77002 652-5835

SMITH. W. F. (RICK) Geolog~st Gulf Energy 8 Mlnerals Co P 0 Box 36366 Houston. Tx 77036 778-21 20

STURDIVANT, CLARENCE A. Superv~sor of Tech Inform Marathon 011 Co. P 0 . Box 269 Llttleton, Colo. 80160 794-2601

TORGUSON, WILLIAM R . JR. Geologlst Texaco. Inc 4800 Fournace, P.0 Box 430 Bellalre, Tx. 77401 666-8000 - X 2659

WHITE. STEVEN L Geologist Houston Natural Gas Co P.0 Box 1188 Houston. Tx. 77001 654-6709

WIENER. ROBERT A Reg~on Geophys~clst Clt~es Servlce Co P 0 Box 642 Houston, Tx 77001 869-6521

WILSON, WILLIAM FEATHERGAIL Exploration Mgr.-San Anton10 Plac~d 011 Co 1635 N.E. Loop 410 San Antonlo, Tx. 78209 512-828-3334

ASSOCIATE MEMBERS HALL, PAUL R , JR Jr Geologist Penmoll Co P 0 Box 2967, 29th Flr Houston, Tx. 77001 236-7423

THE HEART OF THE MATTER The death rate in the U.S. for the years 1975 and 1976

was 8.9 per thousand population-an all-time low, accord- ing to Dr. Michael E. DeBakey, Chairman of Citizens for the Treatment of High Blood Pressure.

This decline in the overall death rate from all causes was accompanied by a marked decrease in deaths from heart attacks and stroke. Dr. DeBakey stated that these declines in heart attacks and stroke were primarily the result of public-education campaigns alterting both lay- men and physicians to the dangers of high blood pres- sure, which is a leading cause of heart attacks and stroke.

Medical authorities estimate that 24 million Americans have high blood pressure, and that half of these are unaware of the fact. High blood pressure is a factor in 68% of all first attacks and 75% of all strokes. It can usually be controlled-largely through diet and medica- tion.

The drop in the heart-disease death rate was 7% from 1973 to 1976 (from 326 to 302.8 per hundred thousand population), and the decrease in the death rate from stroke was 14% (from 102.1 to 88.2 per hundred thou- sand). Dr. DeBakey calculated that these decreases re- present a savings in lives of about 290,000! He believes this to be one of the great feats in the history of preven- tive medicine in this country in the last 32 years, compara- ble to the decline in deaths in 1946-the year after penicil- lin was introduced and distributed to hospitals, and the death rate suddenly dropped to 10.0 from the 1945 rate of 10.6.

In spite of advances, however, heart diseases and stroke will still remain the leading cause of death in the U.S. today, accounting for 51% of deaths from all causes, according to the National Center for Health Statistics. Heart disease represents 38% of all deaths; strokes ac- count for 10%; and all other cardiovascular diseases, 3%.

"Many more lives could be saved by the knowledge we already have," said Dr. DeBakey, "and by its applica- tion to additional and more energetic programs on the local, state, and national levels."

ACADEMIC LIAISON COMMITTEE Talks were given at four schools to ten groups of

students during the fall months. Mike Campbell, Texaco Inc., gave two talks to 5th grade students at Cornelius Elementary School. Richard Cook, Texaco Inc., gave talks to 5th grade students at Shadow Oaks Elementary School. He also spent one entire day at the Spring Oaks Junior High School where he talked to six groups of 8th grade students. Richard Cherrington, Cities Service Company, spoke to 3rd grade students at Royalwood Elementary School.

PHIL McKlNLAY

Houston Geolog~cal Society Bulletin. March 1978

BULLETIN HOUSTON GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

EDITOR

C. A. BAIRD, Oil & Gas Division, Dow Chemical, P.O. Box 22468, Houston 77027, Ph. 623-3260

ASSOCIATE EDITOR

PEGGY RICE, Continental Oil Co., P.O. Box 2197, Hous- ton 77001, Ph. 965-2923

ASSISTANT EDITOR

CHRIS P. CUNNINGHAM, GeoChem Laboratories, Inc., 1143-C Brittmore Road, Houston 77043, Ph. 467-701 1

ADVERTISING

MATTHEW W. DAURA, Transcontinental Gas Pipeline Corp. P.O. Box 1396, Houston 77001, Ph. 626-8100, Ext. 494

The Houston Geological Society was founded in 1923 and incorporated in 1975. Its objectives are to stimulate interest and promote advancement in geology for this area, to disseminate and facilitate discussion of geological information, to enhance professional interrelationships among geologists in the area, and to aid and encourage academic training in the science of geology.

The Bulletin is published monthly except July and August. Subscription price for nonmembers is $10 per year. Single copy price is $1.50. Claims for nonreceipt in the contiguous U.S. should be made within 2 months of the date of issue; claims from elsewhere within 4 months.

Communication about manuscripts and editorial mat- ters should be directed to the Editor. Inquiries concerning advertising rates should be directed to the Advertising Chairman. Applications for membership in the Houston Geological Society may be obtained from the Society office, 806 Main Street, Suite B-1, Houston, Texas 77002.

COVER

Photo toward north, into the mouth of Slaughter Canyon, Eddy County, New Mexico; approximately 8 mi north of Texas-New Mexico line, 24 mi northeast of El Capitan, and 8 mi southwest of Carlsbad Caverns. Massive Permian Capitan Reef is exposed, and bedded backreef facies (Tansil Fm.) is exposed in canyon proper. The AAPG, SEPM, and USGS have al'l published papers through the years on this area.

NL Baroid Logging Systems reduce drilling costs. Baroid offers a wide range of logging services that reduce drilling costs, increase drilling efficiency and minimize drilling hazards. Baroid Logging Systems include Mud Logging Service (MLS), Applied Drilling Technology (ADT), and Computerized Applied Drilling Technology (CADT).

MUD LOGGING SERVICE includes all the instruments and facilities needed to provide the following information:

Baroid ppm LOG direct determi- nation of methane and total gas in mud total combustible gas and methane in drill cuttings liquid hy- drocarbons (&,)in cuttings oil fluorescence in mud and cuttings drilling rate lithology record of

mud pit level drilling mud proper- ties - record of other data pertinent to drilling operations daily log of all data composite log of data on com- pletion of well all equipment housed either in a skid-mounted doghouse or trailer.

APPLIED DRILLING TECHNOLOGY provides all of the information obtained in Baroid's Mud Logging Service and utilizing the latest in- strumentation and automatic record- ing devices, detects and plots: "dm exponent (normalized drilling rate)

connection gas casing fill-up during trips pump pressure casing pressure mud weight and viscosity

shale density shale factor inter- com with driller.

COMPUTERIZED APPLIED DRILLING TECHNOLOGY provides all the infor- mation obtained in Baroid's MLS and ADT Services and by means of an on-site digital computer: weight on bit rotary speed rotary torque

mud weight depth differential mud resistivity mud temperature flow rate; and records on strip

charts: formation drillability cost per foot lagged differential mud temperature and mud resistivity

pore pressure.

Your Baroid Logging Systems representative can help you select the service best suited to your needs. NL BaroidINL Industries, Inc., P.O. Box 1675, Houston, Texas 77001. (713) 527-1 100.

R. P. AKKERMAN Geologist EXPLORA'I'ION Eng~neer

Review of' Subsurface Data

3425 Bradford Place 668-4327 Houston, Texas 77025

HARRIS H. ALLEN Oil and Gas Consultant

933 San Jacinto Bldg. 828-9329 Houston, Texas 77002

JOHN L. BIBLE BIBLE GEOPHYSICAL CO., INC.

Gravity-Magnetic Surveys Interpretations

236 Esperson Hldg. 222-6266 Houston, Texas 7700'2

VIRGINIA LEE BICK Member of Amencan

Association Petroleum Geologists

JOHN D. BREMSTELLER AAPG-SEG Group Insurance Plan

HGS - Group Cancer Insurance Plan

I ,

WAYNE Z. BURKHEAD

Cons~rlllng Geologist

713 Rocky River Houston, Texas 77056

Ph. 713/621-3077

2506 lorktown Houston, Texas 77056 (71 3) 961 -0406

T. WAYNE CAMPBELL

PALEO-DATA, INC. CONSULTING PALEONTOLOGIST AND GEOLOGIST

6619 FLEUR De LIS DRIVE NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA 70214

(504) 488-371 1

STEWART CHUBER Consulting Geologist

Kes. 71:3-465-3360 Office - 713-658-8395

711 Polk St., Suite 802 Houston, Texas 77002

GEORGE H. CLARK Petroleum Geologist

201 Gordon Dr. Ph 544-8257 Crockett, Texas 75835

Phones: I P.O. Box 36632

Business: 668-0610 Houston, Texas Business: 751-0259 77036 Residence: 774-3188

14

GENEOS PETE COKlNOS Ptatri,lk.um L~ntl (;el~lily~cd k:ng~neer~ng C'onsuI t . in t

947 Hazel Street

Beaumont, Texas 77701

JACK COLLE JACK COLLE & ASSOC.

Consulting Geologists & Paleontologists

708 C&I Building-Houston, Texas 77002 (713) 652-4997

Jack Colle (622-9555) J. G. Ward (497-7298)

EVARD P. ELLISON Geologist

1214 Americana Building 652-3816

Houston, Texas 77002

W. F. COOKE, JR. PRESIDENl

d c c o OIL + GAS C o .

One Hnar llale Ct. (713) 622-7070

Houston. 'l'exas 77027

PAUL FARREN Geophysical Consultant

Geodata Building 667-3317

560'3 S. Rice Ave. (77081)

JACK W. CRAIG Consulting Geologist

1520 C & I Buildmg Houston, Texas 77002

7131652-4960

STEWART H. FOLK Cert~fied Professional Geolog~st

(Joal. Petruleurn, & Geothermal Resources

700 Post Oak Hank Building Office 713! 622-9700 Houston, Texas 77056 Home 71:3.'781-2X16

WALT M. CURTIS GEOPHYSICAL CONSULTANT

JOSEPH N. GRAGNON Consulting Geophysicist

8822 W e s t v ~ e w D r . Hous ton , Texas, 77055 (71 3) 464-0801 1410 Americana Building

Houston, Texas 77002 7 13; 652-2837

JOHN S. DUDAR STEVEN R. GUSTISON

Consultant Oil, Gas, Uranium

Lignite

0719 Valley Forge Houston, Texas 77042 (71 3) 780-8555 or 464-9451

Consulting Petroleum Geologist

Kes. (713) 469-4456 7510 Fernbrook Office (713) 658-0601 Houston, Texas 77070

MICHEL T. HALBOUTY Consulting Geologist

and Petroleum Engineer

Independent Producer and Operator

TELEPHONE The HALBOUTY CENTER (713) 622-1130 5100 WESTHEIMER TWX (910) 881-4599 HOUSTON, TEXAS 77056

CLYDE E. HARRISON O'Donohoe & Harrison Exploration Company

SUITE 850 - THE MAIN BLDG. 1212 MAIN ST.

HOUSTON, TEXAS 77002 PH. (713) 658-8115

DAVID A. HINERMAN CONSULTING GEOLOGIST

DOMESTIC-INTERNA TIONAL

5916 Valley Forge Houston, Texas 77057 (713) 782-0082

WILLIAM E. HUMPHREY Petroleum Exploration Consultant

S u i t e 700 Office 713/622-970U 2200 S o u t h P o s t O a k R o a d H o m e 713,/444-818U H o u s t o n , T e x a s 77056

HOWARD W. KIATTA PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST

PENNZOIL PLACE Suite 1750 - South Tower

Houston, Texas 77002

Bus. (713) 237-9198 Res. (713) 771-6064

1)ONALI) W. LANE ( ' o n h u l t ~ n g ( k w l o g ~ h t

Gulf Coast. Rocky Mountazns M ~ d c o n t ~ n e n t , Eastern Interlor

12214 Mossycup Drive 214 Southwest Tower louston, Texas 77024 Houston, Texas77024 713) 461-1637 (713) 759-0040

OFFICE: 889 HOUSTON CLUB BUILDING HOUSTON, TEXAS 77002

227-2552

0. G. LUNDSTROM GEOLOGIST

RES: 3614 ABEKDEEN WAY HOUSTON, TEXAS 77025

664-4397

GEORGE N. MAY GEORGE N. MAY and ASSOCIATES

Consulting Geologists and Paleontologists

P. 0 . Box 51858 Oil C e n t e r S t a t i o n Lafaye t t e , L o u i s i a n a 70505

234-3379

W. B. McCARTER C . E. McCARTER

Independents

2522 H a z a r d 523-5733 529-1881

H o u s t o n , T e x a s 77019

FRANK S. MILLARD CONSLrLTANT

Well Log Interpretations-Seminars

10211 Holly Springs, Houston, Texas 77042 Tele. (713) 782-8033

R . 6. MITCHELL Geologist

.':101 1"irst City National Hank lildg Houston, 'l'exas 77002

EVELYN WILIE MOODY I OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION

SUBSURFACE STUDIES TECHNICAL PAPERS

I 856 THE MAIN B E G . OFF. 713-6540072 1212 MAIN ST RES. 713-5280917 HOUSTON, TEXAS 77002 CERTIFIED # 3540 i I

I . K . NICHOLS Gulf ('oast Exploration Geologist

C.P.G. No. 932 Phone 782-4970

-I I St111 1 0 1 1 \ t 1)r l iouston, Texas 7702 1

HENRY H. PHILLIPS

LEO PUGH

Gulf Coast Geo Data Corp. Seismic - Gravity Data

816 AMERICANA BLDG. Houston, Texas 77002 (71 3) 652-3879

JOSEPH G. PUTMAN I l l

Consui l~r iy Geophysicist & Geolog~st

1514 Pine Gap

444-3546 Houston, Texas 77090 658-0601

RAYMOND D. REYNOLDS Geologist

?OX M n ~ n Street S u ~ t e 4:ih Houston, Texas 77002

227 7633

CECIL R. RIVES Prudential Drilling Company

5433 Westheimer, Suite 620 Houston. Texas 77056

Ofc. Phone 621-7330 Hes. Phone 467-9894

Off. 461-3060 Res. 468-5695

J O H N A. KLTGGLES Geological Consultant

MEMBER Town & Country

AAPG Professional Building #lo0 APGS GS A

10405 Town & country Way Houston, Texas 77024 4

MAItrl'lN M. SHEETS ( ' o n u l t a n t k:nc.rgy E : n v ~ r o n ~ r l t - n t

1't . trolt~um ( ; t ~ o t h c * r n ~ a I .A(,tlvi. Sur1,lc.t F a u l t s S u t ) h l d e n . v

l97:i LI'. ( ; r a y , S u l t c .I l iouhtor l . ' l 'c~xah 77(li!) 7 l ' i .-)2,i 197:)

FRED L. SMITH, J R .

Consulting Geologist Paleontologist

1014 (~ & I l i u ~ l d ~ n g H o u s t o n . 'I'ex,ls 77002

C R A M O N STANTON Oil & Gas Consultant

5906 Bermuda Dunes Drive Houston, Texas 77069

444-0965

E. H . STORK, J R . Consulting Paleontologist and Geologist

. Biostratigraphy-Paleo ecology Geologic Interpretations

1811 C&l Buildirlg Houston, Texas 77002

Off: (713) 652-5026 Res: (713) 466-9064

W. L. TIDWELL

CERTIFIED PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST I SUITE 180 7011 HARWIN 713-977-8625 HOUSTON, TEXAS 77036 713-774-7363

HAROLD VANCE Petroleum Investment Counselor Petroleum Evaluation Engineer

1429 Bank of'the Southwest Bldg. Houston. Texas 77002

L/'

GENE V A N DYKE

PRESIDENT SOUTHWEST TOWER VAN DYKE COMPANY HOUSTON, TEXAS 77002

(713) 658-1 199 TELEX 762200

Merlin J. Verret President

Delta Energy Resources, Znc. 3002 Country Club Road Lake Charles, Louisiana 70601 (318) 477-1477

WILLIAM C. WAGNER Consulting Geophysicist

1428 Capital Towers Jackson, Mississippi 39201

WILLIAM E. WALLACE Ph. D. Certified Petroleum Geologist k

Exploration Consultant 1 ! Domes t~c - Forelgn

Phone (318) 235 2987 517 Beverly Dnve Lafayette, Louisiana 70501

GEORGE 0 . WINSTON Consultant

Florida Petroleum Geology Florida Sample Service

1511 Mataro Avenue Coral Gables, Fla. 33146

J. C. WALTER, JR. Geologist a n d Petroleum Engineer

242 M a ~ n Bldg. Houston, Texas 77002 Home Phone: 785-2030

A. D. WARREN ANDERSON. WARREN & ASSOCIATES, INC.

Consu l t~ng M~cropaleonlology Foram~n~lera-Nannoplankton-Palynomorphs

S~ l iceous M ~ c r o f o s s ~ l s

11526 Sorrento Valley Road San D ~ e g o , C a l ~ f o r n ~ a 921 21

(714) 755-1524 Cable: M~cropa leo San D ~ e g o

GEORGE F. WATFORD 2300 HOCJSTON NATURAL GAS BUILDING

HOIJSTON, TEXAS 77002 713-658-8313

PRESIDENT PKAlHlE PRODUCING COMPANY

JAMES A . WHEELER Petroleur~l Geologist

510 C & I Building

Houston. Texas 7700% (713) 651-9595

JAMES M. WILSON Geophysical Consultant

Home 713/ 856-2375

19

Off. 932-0122 Res. 783-9439

Harry H. Sisson Consulting Geophysrctst

Member AAPG SEG

I AMG Town & Country Professional Bldg.

Suite 100 10405 Town & Country Way

Houston, Texas 77024

DANIEL F. LINDOW Houston Manager

PETROMARK MINERALS, INC.

Bus. 654-8093

1020 SOUTHWEST TOWER 707 McKINNEY

HOUSTON, TEXAS 77002

FORNEY & COMPANY Oil & Gas Properties

CHARLES M. FORNEY PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST

P.O. Box 2602 Corpus Christi, Texas 78401

10th Floor - The 600 Building 512/884-7721

ii Hunter Yarborough l!4 Consullanl

4550 Post Oak Place Su~te 141

Hou5ton. Texas 77027

Exploration for Oil & Gas & 71 3/686-7881, 965-9674

Other Energy Resources Cable: Globex-Houston

KEPLINGER aa&lLoc ia t ra , i a c . -

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY CONSULTANTS

3430 ENTEX BUILDING 320 SO. BOSTON-SUITE 320 1200 MlLAM STREET TULSA, OKLAHOMA 74103 HOUSTON, TEXAS 77002 AREA 91 8/587-5591 AREA 7 1 3/651-3127 CABLE: KEPPET CABLE: KEPPET TELEX: 762-324

PhotoGravity Company, Inc 6440 Hillcroft, Suite 402 Houston, Texas 77081 (7131 771-1248 /TELEX: 76-2059

A SUBSIDIARY OF dwide experience TEXAS I N S T R U M E N T S

I h C O K P O K A T E D and photogeology Telephone (71 3) 494 9061

Stafford Texas 77477

I

MTOMAS NORTH AMERICA INC.

South Texas Div. Office 3801 Kirby Building, Suite 456

AC-713/529-5995 W. L. Laflin

J. B. Cook C. C. Franks T. J. Wall J. S. Webb J. M. Robertson J. D. Fidler

Suite 700 5251 Westheimer Houston Texas 77056 713.627-9505

5oisrnograph 5oruico Corpotafion A S U B S l D l A R Y O F R A Y T H E O N C O M P A N Y

Box 1 590 T u l s a , O k l a . 741 02 (91 8) 627-3330

DISTRICT OFFICES A N D DATA PROCESSING CENTERS

H O U S T O N M I D L A N D DENVER

BURNETT PERSONNEL CONSULTANTS

"The Professionals"

O u r I iusir i tw is qui te s imi la r to your profession. IVhtither you a r e a Geologis t , Geophysicis t , I'r~lrdcwnz k2"Jlzgi~z~~c~r, I,undnzun, in a S/u/'/' Posi t ion, or .Vlanugement, you a r e p a r t of a team b'inding uncl I ) c ~ c ~ l o p i n g Oil und Gus K ~ s c . r ~ ' c s .

A t Hurne t t Personnel Consu l tan t s , we a r e prof'essionals a lso. O u r Profession i s f ind ing people w h o f ind oil and g a s . U ' r . arr. f'rom t h e oil indus t ry a n d h a v e technical expert ise a n d knowledge of your profession. We pride oursc.1vc.s on working with our app l ican ts o n a ~)rof 'essional basis . a n d our a p p l i c a n t s a r e presented on :i cotitidential i)a.sis to our c,lient companies . We a r e n o t a rtJsume [nail-out service.

O u r ;iutomiitv(l f ' i l t s rt'trieviil sys tem insures your considerat ion for posi t ions compatible with your I);ic.kgrounti anti ( 4 i i rcs . It' l 'ou Prc~/'c.r, we w ~ l l d i scuss ;in opportuni ty with you prior to o u r prese1it;ition to thc' i 'rill)loyt~r. IVh ther \ o u arcx acti\-c.ly s e a r c h i n g f'or a ncw o l ~ p o r t u n i t y o r only desire to keep o n top of'thc, jot) t11;dwt. ('ull o r .lluil u s u Hc~surne Today . I t piij-s to he represvnted by t h e Professionals w h o a r e on top of' the. job tn:irket.

ALL POSITIONS FEE PAID

7 13 629-9150 Houston, Texas 77056

Schlumberger Well Services

1300 Main, Suite 1209 Houston, Texas 77002

Texas Coast Division 658-8300

PALEONTOLOGY PALEOECOLOGY PALYNOLOGY SOURCE ROCKS NANNOFOSSILS THIN SECTIONS

W W F A I R C H I L D C . R. P I C K E T 1

5933 BELLAIRE BOULEVARD . HOUSTON. TEXAS 77036 . !7131 665 8686

f l Petroleum Information@ \y CORPORATION

A Subsidiary o f A.C. Nwlsen Company

Oil and Gas Reports Production Reports IN H O U S T O N ONE CORPORATE SQUARE

P 0 B O X 17C2. 7 7 0 0 1

5 2 6 1381

GULF COAST WELL LOG SERVICE

COMPLETE COVERAGE GULF COAST, EAST TEXAS, SOUTHERN LOUISIANA

AND OFFSHORE

906 Crawford St. Houston, Texas 77002

(71 3) 658-8733

(Formerly Nixon-Ferguson Well Log Service)

Global Exploration Analysts Inc. & Associate!

Post Oak Place, Suite 141 Houston, Texas 7702:

71 3/686-7881, 965-967, Cable: Globex-Houstor

Grover E. Murray

Joe H. Smith President

CLOSE% Hunter Yarborougl 3130 S.W Freeway, Su~te 305/Houston, Texas/(713) 523-9790

R. BREWER & CO., INC. Houston

J. R. Butler and Company OIL AND GAS CONSULTANTS

Suite 130, 4605 Post Oak Place, Houston, Texas 77027

Telephone 71 3/627-7180 Telex: 91 0 881 4408

Affiliated with GeoQuest International. Inc.

YOU GET TOTAL SERVICE FROM THE TOP OF THE WELL TO THE BOTTOM LINE. Ken Becker Roger Reinmiller W. D. "Don" Bishop L. L. Skaggs Bob Carr Ross "Bud" Smlth A. 8 . Fuqua Ted Turner Bill Latson Harold Watt R. M. "Dusty" Rhodes

DRESSER ATLAS DIVISION

601 JEFFERSON, HOUSTON, TEXAS 71 3/784-6011

h4lTUBLL ENERGY & D E W P M E N T COW. 3XD ONE SHELL PLAZA HOUSQN, ?'EXAS 77WL ' i l 3 / ' M L

A n Equal Opportunity Employer M I F

Listed on the American Stock Exchange

Ticker Symbol: MNL)

mapco i,,C.

BROWN AND McKENZIE, INC. Oil & Gas Exploration Five Greenway Plaza East

Suite 1704 Houston, Texas 77046

(713) 626-3300

C. F. Brown, Jr. Michael McKenzie Billy Neal, Petroleum Erzgzneer

EXPLORATION OIL & GAS MARKETING GAS LIQUIDS

THE STONE OIL CORP. GULF COAST OIL & GAS EXPLORATION

3801 KIRBY DRIVE, S U / T E 544 HOUSTON, TEXAS 77698

KARL H. ARLETH B. W. KIMMEY (713) 5 2 6 - 8 7 3 4

LADD PETROLEUM CORPORATION

Gas & Oil Exploration

2121 Sage Road Suite 300

Sam H. Peppiatt

Exploration Manager-Houston L lADD

WOODHAM CONSULTING CO.

Geophys~cal-Geological Consultants

B ~ l l Woodham

P 0 Box 87 Fulsnear, Texas 77441

346-1418

-

Suite 1100 One Allen Center Houston, Texas 77002 (713) 659-3060

-- -- -. B

PEPPARD-SOUDERS (L ASSOCIATES--

24

GEOLOGY - ENGINEERING - GEOPHYSICS 4

Dallas Denver Houston I Midland

I I BIG "6" DRILLING COMPANY I 1228 Bank of the Southwest

Houston, Texas 77002

W. H. Smith, President 652-5896

C. B. Benge, Jr., V.P.-General Manager

MORGAN J. DAVIS ASSOCIATES Petroleum Consultants and Geologists

1300 Main-Suite 620 Houston. Texas 77002

MORGAN J . DAVIS EDWARD D. PRESSLER 713-651-0209 713-658-1832

PETROGRAPHY INTERNAT IONAL CUSTOM THIN SECTION MANUFACTUREt & ANALYSIS

RUSH PRICE

QUALITY - SPEED ORDERS 2-3 DAYS OVER 1 4 YEARS LIST AVAILABLE EXPERIENCE

3 0 0 1 TX. 79452 - 6440

EXETER EXPLORATION COMPANY 2300 Lincoln Center Building Denver, Colorado 80264 J. Allen Gardner, President (303) 623-51 41

SIDNEY SCHAFER AND COMPANY Y 2200 Welch Avenue

Houston, Texas 77019

Sidney Schafer 529-8789 Jack C. Weyland

GULF COAST REPRESENTATIVE Trio Exploration Consultants 217 Southwest Tower Houston, Texas 77002 (713) 659 9410 Frank Lovett res. 371 -3444 Harry M. Perry res. 371-7272 W. E. Belt, Jr. res. 494-2026

SIERRA PRODUCTION COMPANY 1400 Capital National Bank Bldg.

Houston, Texas 77002

Byron F. Dyer James P. Blackstone

w GEOLOGICAL

INFORMATION CENTER - LOGS WELL HISTORIES

MAPS PRODUCTION REPORTS - M E M B E R S H I P S A V A I L A B L E

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326 ENTEX BUILDING 4150 WESTHEIMER HOUSTON, TEXAS 77002 and HOUSTON, TEXAS 77027

(713) 658-9573 (713) 961-7891

selscom Delta P. 0. Box 36928

Houston, Texas 77036 71 3/785-4060

Principal Offices: Houston, London, Singapore, Calgary

500 Jefferson Building-Suite 2031 Houston, Texas 77002 713-659-8835

I

[B WESTERN GEOPHYSICAL Litton

I -

RALPH E. DA VIS ASSOCIATES, INC. Consultants

Petroleum and Natural Gas

10.001 R~chrnond Avenue P 0 Box 2469. Houslon. Texas 77001

Telephone 71 3 789-9600 Cable WESGECO Telex 762406

ATWATER, CARTER, MILLER & HEFFNEH

Consulting Geologists and Engmeers

424 Whitney Bank Building New Orleans, Louisiana 70130

(504) 581-6527

TELEDYNE EXPLORATION

5825Chlmney Rock Road. P 0 Box 36269

Houslon. Texas 77036. 7131666.2561

Off~ces. M~dlandINew Orleans/Denver/CalgaryiCaracas/The Hague

I CAVALLA ENERGY EXPLORATION CO.

JAMES A. McCARTHY President

HERMAN L. SMITH PETER R. FRORER Vice President 600 Jefferson Bldg. Suite 508 Vice President

Houston, Texas 77002 713/652-0907

-- -. -4

PRUDENTIAL DRILLING COMPANY 5433 Westheimer, Suite 620

Houston, Texas 77056

Ofc. Phone 621-7330 CECIL R. RIVES Res. Phone 467-9894

Total concept well logging Core analysis Inspection services

Corporate Headquarters: 4120-D Directors Row, Houston, Texas 77092 Telephone: 7131686-5516 Telex: 76-2683

EMPLOYMENT CONSULTANTS I 9525 K A T Y FREEWAY S U I T E 207 H O U S T O N T E X A S 77024

AC 7 13,461 -5600

EXPLORATION 8 EXPLOITATION

OPPORTUNITIES

FEE PAID BY EMPLOYERS ONLY

I CAYUGA EXPLORATION INC.

L, l a a s - L i s i a a - C a n a d a

Burt Dunn 1100 Milam Bldg.-Ste. 3080 Gary Lauman Houston, Texas 77002

, Al Francis John Chamberlain (71 3) 658-8544

EXPLORATION ASSOCIATES INTERNATIONAL

910 C & I Building Houston, Texas 77002 Phone 713/652-5013

Cable Address: EXPLORE

Dautd B. Darden Charles C . Lilley

Elwrn M. Peacock S. Brooks Steulart

H. J. GRUY & ASSOCIATES, INC. Petroleum Consultants

2500 Tanglewilde. Suite 150 2501 Cedar Springs Rd. Houston, Texas 77063 Dallas, Texas 75201 (71 3) 785-9200 (21 4) 742-1 421

HOUSTON OIL &

MINERALS CORPORATION

242 T h e Main Building, 1212 Main Street Hous ton , Texas 77002

712/65/-3800

3615 Gulf Freeway 223-4193

DOW CHEMICAL U.S.A. OIL 8 GAS DIVISION HOUSTON, TEXAS

3 6 3 6 RICHMOND AVENUE P. 0 . BOX 2 2 4 6 8 ( 7 1 3 ) 6 2 3 - 3 0 1 1

1 1 Midland, Texas - Walnut Creek, California I

I I Lafayette, Louisiana - Mt. Pleasant, Michigan

GeoQuest International, Inc. EXPLORATION CONSULTANTS

Suite 130, 4605 Post Oak Place, Houston, Texas 77027 Telephone 7131627-7180 Telex 910 881 4408

Affiliated with J.R. Butler and Company

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GO WITH EXPERIENCE u

SPECIALISTS IN HYDROCARBON GEOCHEMISTRY

Hydrocarbon Source Rock Evaluation Crude Oil - Source Rock Correlation Crude Oil Characterization Geochemical Surface and Subsurface Prospecting Biostratigraphic Services Depositional Facies Analysis Contract Laboratory Services

GeaChem USA GeoChem U K GeoChem Canada GeoChem L A

1143 C 8r8llmarc Road 7 C a r t l a Stree l 4758 4 St N E Csr re rd 9 No 80.15 P l S o 3

Hourtan Texas 7 7 0 4 3 Chester England C H l 2 D S Calgary. Alberta T2E 6 L 7 l p s r l s l o rerea 0 0 6 4 4

Phone 7 1 3 / 4 6 7 - 701 I Phone 0 2 4 4 - 3 1 6 1 6 0 phone 4 0 V 2 7 7 4 7 3 6 Bog01a Colvmbla

T W X 910-881 1518 Phone 5 5 7 - 7 1 5

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BOLT ASSOCLATES I*. 205 WILSON AVE NORWALK CONN 068.54 (203) 853-0701 TELEX 94-03 10

&7d2& SERVICE INC. ' 5603 South Rice Avenue Houston, Texas 57081

G. J . Long Paul Fallen

hob-1 741