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March 2008UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuel
Expert meeting on standards and strategies or sustainable cultivation of biomass for non-
food purposes
March 2008UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre
7 wedges needed for stabilisation
Each wedge avoids 1 billion tonnes of CO2 emission / year by 2054
Pacala & Socolow (2004) Science 305, 968 -972
Stabilising CO2 emissions involves many sectors
Pacala & Socolow wedges
Wedge = 1 billion tonnes of CO2 / year by 2054
Biofuel wedge requires 250 million ha of new high production plantations - with no emissions from inputs or conversion
Now: 1.5 billion ha cropland + 35 m ha abandoned.
237 m ha forest very suitable or suitable for crop cultivation. But carbon losses outweigh gains.
Sources: Pacala & Socolow (2004); FAO GAEZ; MNP 2008
Large land requirements
March 2008
Biodiversity loss from land use change usually outweighs gain from climate
mitigation
March 2008UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre
Food & feed crop demand doubles in next 50 years
UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels
Coordinator: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
Working groups:GHG – greenhouse gas lifecycle analysis ENV - environmentSOC - socialIMP - implementation
Aim for draft standards by mid 2008 Likely to be meta-standards
March 2008UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre
Working Group on Environment
(Conservation; Soil; Water; Air; Biotech)
Biodiversity draft principle:Biofuel production should avoid negative
impacts on biodiversity and areas of High Conservation Value
Criteria, requirements, responsibilities, guidance are in development.
March 2008UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre
High Conservation Values
ONE OR MORE OF:1. High biodiversity (e.g. endemism)2. Landscape level pristine forest3. Rare / endangered ecosystems4. Critical ecosystem services (e.g.
watersheds) 5. Meeting basic community needs (e.g.
hunting)6. Critical to local cultural identity
Criteria table
March 2008UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre
Major discussion areas
Indirect effects on land use – unresolved Cut-off dates for land use change Offsets – significant disagreement Definitions for buffer zones, corridors Encouraging good practices beyond the minimum
standard Use of degraded / idle land Use of native species Regional landscape management Avoiding monoculture
WCMC
http://www.unep-wcmc.org/climate
© C Smith, USFWS
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