PUBLISHED W E E K L Y .

20 Pages. No. 9. SATURDAY, M A R C H 2nd 1935. 10 cents.

"The Cinema can be a School for Crime"

Imperial Enquiry Reveals Danger Of Evil Films.

The findings of an American Committee of Research, which >roved beyond any question, the ippallingly deleterious effect of fhe bad film on morals and mental­ity, were quoted by Father Owen F . Dudley in the Picton Ha l l , Liverpool, recentlv, when he lec­tured on the "Clean F i l m Cam­paign," and impressed on Catho­lics the dutv of i ts continuance. Father Dudley sooke under the ausoices of the Liverpool Branch of the Catholic T ru th Society and was supported bv representatives of the C . Y . M . S . and the K .S .C . , which bodies are engaged in the .ampaign.

A s far back as 1028, said Father Dudley, a body of leading psycho­logists, sociologists, and education authorities of Amer ica were invit­ed by the Director of the Motion-Picture Research Council to form themselves into a Committee of Research, financed by the Payne Fund, to investigate the influence of the screen. Its investigation work was entirely impartial , and solely for the purpose of providing data.

The work took four years and the results were published in 1933.

Blackening The Mind Of The Child.

First, people of all classes and a<?es, but especiallv young men and women and children, were in ­vited to write or relate their ex­perience of films. Immense pains were taken to ensure honesty.

Secondly, by means of an instru­ment called a hypnograph, three eminent doctors tested the sleep of children frequenting the films. The inyestigators discovered that the child's restlessness in sleep was abnormally increased by films; also that its reaction to a film was two or three times great­er than its reaction to a book; also that its brain retained, even for

years, what it had seen on the screen of an ugly or • terr i fying nature.

This meant not only that a child who freouented the pictur­es was losing healthy sleep, but also that powerful imnressions of the ugly skfe of life were moulding its mentality. In regard to the first method,

based on writ ten or related ex­periences, the following were some of the Committee's findings:

(a) The influence of the screen on definite behaviour or action was very marked between the ages of 15 to 30 years, but not so mark­ed i n later years. There was a stronger impression of reality on You th . The man of fifty shrugged his-shoulders: "It's only a picture."

E v i l Effect On Moral i ty . (b) Al though, at 16 or 17, sex

and sophistication in a book might barely interest, yet seeiftg the same th ing , in al l its vividness on the screen, could influence strongly and convey misleading and i m ­moral notions. Impulses are aroused to the loss of self-control and to the injury of moral con­duct.

(c) In the case of young men and women, the effect of witness­ing unlawful sex relations and free love on the screen, frequently led to unlawful sex relations between themselves or w i th others. The testimony here was incontrovert­ible. Likewise the presenting of adultery influences against the marriage-bond and i n favour of divorce.

(d) Next in the report—Sex-appeal and vi r tual nudity on the screen, even i f presented as 'art,' yet by a large section of the audi­ence were accepted as porno­graphy, and aroused the passions, w i th obvious consequences.

(e) The display of crime and crime technique on the screen can wi th some, create a mental attitude conducive to cr iminal acts. The committee ascertained, on the con-

tSOLE AGENTS:

SIME D A R B Y & C O . LTD . SINGAPORE & BRANCHES

fessions of criminals themselves, that many criminaj careers had been prompted by gangster and crime films; young criminals, especially confessed to having acquired from these films criminal knowledge for use.

The Cinema could therefore be a school for crime.

(f) A ihember of the Com­mittee, specialising in an examina­tion of altogether fifteen hundred feature films, to ensure a just esti­mate, found the average heavily weighted with sex and crime.

(g) In the case of school child­ren, the investigation found that those frequenting the films aver­aged lower in school work, were less self-controlled, and more deceptive.

(h) In an examination of high school students, fifty per cent, in ­dicated that their idea of sexual

love came from the screen. And i t would not be difficult to guess what those ideas were like.

Goodness The Exception, (i) The Committee also found

that rarely was a good woman portrayed on the screen; also that the room most frequently shown wras a bedroom.

The Catholic Church w s al­ready well acquainted with the facts.. That was why she had taken action. There are, he feared, Catholics themselves to whom her action had come as rather a shock; almost as some­thing to be apologised for—that they could no longer see any film they chose. They forerot that she was their mother, whose care was to safeguard her children; and more—to safe­guard a whole world's soul.

(Continued on page 15)

2

Memories of Lourdes By M . S. FITZGIBBON.

The journey was long and weary. The hot August sun pour­ed mercilessly into the ra i lway car­riage, the dust enveloped us. We had gone beyond the stage of tak-

Ixip interest i n a stop at a station, and the probable change of, or addition to our fellow-travellers. We had even gone beyond the wish, or rather wild longing of a few hours ago to fill our lungs w i t h one long breath of pure fresh a i r . We existed miserably and l imply, only conscious that we were t i red , dead­ly tired. A sudden exclamation from a young g i r l at the carriage window roused us: "Voila! La Grotte!" A h , that first glimpse of Our Lady 's famous Shr ine! It was but a passing glance in the dist­ance as the t r a in slowed down be­fore entering the station, but our apathy and langour fled. The dust and the heat and the weary road were al l forgotten. One of the dearest wishes we had i n l ife was ours: we were at Lourdes—dear, beautiful, holy Lourdes!

is the look of calm and hope and resignation on the faces of a l l . The greatest care is taken of these poor invalids. There is a beautiful hos­pital for their accommodation, and ladies and geptlemen from every rank give their services there to nurse and care them, in honour of Our Lady . Every th ing is done to lessen their sufferings. W i t h the tenderest care they are placed on the stretchers and taken to and from the Grotto, to the baths, or to any exercise of the pilgrimage their state of health permits, them to take part in . The attendants are evepywhere watching their charges and supplying their wants. If any get fatigued or show any signs of weakness, they are imme­diately seen to, and, i f necessary, taken back to the hospital. Y o u hear the constant c ry : "Faites place aux malades, s'il vous plait V9

Immediately a passage is made through the crowd, and the stret­cher w i th the poor sufferer is borne away.

Our horses were kept a long time standing; it was fully a quart­er of an hour before a break oc­curred in that procession of human misery. A t last our driver takes advantage of a pause caused by the attendants changing the posi­tion of a poor man whom they were carrying, and who seemed to he in great pain. We drove on up the h i l l , passing by the magnifi­cent Basi l ica, and in less than five minutes we were at the Convent. We were expected there, and were immediately shown to our room, where we were glad to remove all traces of our long t ra in journey.

The li t t le blue-veiled Sister had told us she would come back for us, when dinner was ready, and, while waiting, we opened the shut­ters of the window. What an out­look we had! It is one of our memories of Lourdes, but we fear our pen wi l l never help us to share it. The Convent is built high up on the h i l l ; a thick pine forfest leads down from it to the River Gave. A t the opposite side of the r iver green meadows wi th their golden hay-stacks, rise up from the valley, and catch the sunshine as i t creeps up the hill-side. The fields are fenced with a >small screen of trees, their pale greerf fo­liage making the contrast to the pine-clad mountains behind very marked. Through the trees we can see the spire of the Basil ica, and wafted on the breeze is ever the same ca l l : Ave, Ave , Ave M a r i a ! r

Reluctantly we turned from the window when the Sister came for us. She led us to a large refec­tory, where the same view was again before us; and, as we ate our dinner, the strain of the Ave st i l l floated arbund us.

Af te r dinner we set out to visit the Grotto. The nuns told us that we should be in time for Benedic­tion and the Procession of the Blessed Sacrament. They showed us a r a th through the wood that would le^d us to the Grotto. How often the memory of that walk

comes back! We were so grateful to get under the shade of the*trees from the scorching heat of the sun. We have been told that wood is now cut down to make room for building. We do not thing of changes at Lourdes, but, i f we were to return there now it is not alone the loss of the trees would make us sad. The Convent, where we were so fondly cared, is shut up and the nuns are scatter­ed. The Fathers who arranged the pilgrimage processions, and all the ceremonies are gone. The hand of persecution, so heavily laid on France, has tried to touch Lourdes, but Mary is watching over it , and we believe Our Lady of Lourdes wi l l save France.

A s we walked down the winding pathway, a great murmur of voices came up to us, growing louder and louder as we went on. We reached the r iver bank, and there we saw a sight that wi l l never be forgotten. A large space before the Grotto was reserved for the sick. There, on their little stretchers, line after line of suf­ferers lay. Those who were able had their hands stretched out— but, alas! how few were able for even that exertion. A l l around, down to the bank of the Gave, knelt an immense throng of people, wi th outstretched hands, passionately interceding for the cure of those so patiently waiting. A priest stood in the pulpit out-

*side*the Grotto, and gave out the prayers, which were ejaculations nearly all the t ime: "Notre D^me de Lourdes, guerissez les malades!" A n d the crowd repeated with fer­vour: "Notre Dame de Lourdes, guerissez les malades!" In a voice of deep emotion the priest adds: "Notre Dame de Lourdes, gardez la France, ayez pitie d'elle! The people sway to and fro, and, rais­ing up their hands to the statue of the Immaculate Conception placed over the Grotto in the great rock of Massabielle, they repeat in a sobbing wa i l : "Notre "Dame" i!e Lourdes, gardez la France, ayez pitie d'elle!" Over and over the prayers are repeated, and always with the same note of passionate appeal. The Rosary is then,said with the same fervour, the Ave is sung unti l the tinkle of the bell gives warning that the Blessed Sacrament is being carried from the church to the Grotto.

The Grotto is guarded by a high rail ing, wi th a gate at each side. In the centre is a little altar. You can pass in by one gate, go around the back of the altar and go out by the other gate. There is a con­stant stream of pilgrims always passing through, pausing for a moment to kiss the stone where Our Lady stood. The sides of the Grotto and the rock for some eight or ten yards over the Foun­tain are lined with hunderds of crutches, and all kinds of surgical appliances, left there by those who have been cured.

When the priest arrives at the Grotto, Benediction is given, and

the Procession starts. The sick are carried first and placed in a large circle before the Church of the Rosary. The people prostrate themselves for a moment and kiss the ground—to complv wi th the wish of Our Ladv when she said to Bemadette: " Y o u wil l pray for sinners, you wi l l kiss the ground for sinners." They form into line, and again the Ave , Ave , Ave Mar ia , r ings out. When the priest bearing the Host reaches the church steps, he goes around be­fore the invalids and raises the 1

monstrance over them. It is at this time that many of the miracles take place. We have seen more than one ly ing anparentlv near death who, when the priest raised the Host, uttered a groan of agony, and. as he passed on, they have left the bed of pain and fol­lowed after h im, quite restored.

When the round of the sick is over, the priest ascends the steps of the church, and at the door he turns, and Benediction is again given. The sick are then taken back to the hospital, and the pil­grims scatter for an hour or two unti l it is t ime to gather at the Grotto again for the evening Pro-J cession. We were too weary to j join in it that night, but we , watched it from a little distance! and a very impressive sight it J was. Sixteen thousand pilgrims j took part in it, all bearing lighted I torches. It wound along through the trees from the Grotto up to the statue of Our Lady opposite the church, on around by the statue of St. Michael.

L ike a huge serpent of fire it crept along; all the time the Ave , Ave, Ave Mar i a , was going up to Mary. The Church of the Rosary, w i t h ! its large dome, the arched balcony! leading from it to the Crypt , the! Basil ica from its high steeple to the ground, were one mass of electric lights, which kept occa­sionally changing from red to b'ue and white, and the play of the summer l ightning as it flashed now and then, lit up the whole place l ike day.

We returned to the Convent, worn out wi th fatigue, and had scarcely laid our heads on the pil­low before we were fast asleep

.We woke about five o'clock in the morning. F rom every part of the mountains around us came a musical sound. Fu l l of curiosity, ' v/e jumped out of bed, and, dress­ing quickly went out. We met-numbers of little shepherdesses blowing on tiny horns to call their flocks. Bu t what astonished us' was that the goats seemed to know the horn of their own) shepherdess, and came bounding j towards her from the mountain j side as she blew out her call. j

We walked on to the Grotto. Ear ly as it was, the place was(

thronged, and Mass was being celebrated there. We were very much struck by the rapt devotion | of the people; their eyes were fix- v ed on the altar, they seemed j almost immovable; the voice of! the priest and the murmur of the J river were the only sounds that I broke the stillness. Af t e r Mass« we passed through the Grotto, and \ took a drink of water at the Foun- ' tain, and returned to the Convent | for a Cup of coffee.

(Continued on page 15)

Soon the bustle of a r r i v a l was over, and we were dr iv ing through the town to our destination—the Convent of the Immaculate Con­ception, up high on the hiH-side. A n d what a drive it was ! The mighty Pyrenees looked down on us ; and sent a grateful cool breeze to revive us ; the dark pine-woods were a sweet relief to our t ired eyes. Crowds of pi lgr ims, all in their different national costumes, formed picturesque groups every­where. Lourdes was crowded and only that we had previously en­gaged our room at the Convent, we would have shared the fate of many there, and have had to sleep under the trees that night. E v e r y now and then we came on a l i t t le picnic, a group of pilgrims s i t t ing down by the roadside together, each wi th a long rol l of bread, the she­pherdesses, who make a l iv ing by selling the mi lk of the i r goats, drive their l i t t le herds near them, and the clear cry that becomes so famil iar to you in that l i t t le P y -reneen village, rings out " U n petit verre de l a i t ! " "The picnickers, as they want i t , hand over their horn goblets, and get thei r glass of milk, and to judge by the i r happy laughter, seem to enjoy this sim-

~ple~fare.

Our dr iver suddenly pulls up his horses, and now we are conscious that for some time our ears have been filled w i t h a sweet tr iumphant sound. It seemed to be part of the a i r around us; i t came ringing, s ighing, sobbing from every side. We were l istening for the first time to the world-famed hymn of Lourdes, A v e , Ave , A v e M a r i a ! Everyone took part i n i t . Along the street, i n the woods, by the river bank, night or day, that cry of supplication and love is ever go­ing up to M a r y from the pilgrims to her Shrine at Lourdes.

We now see why our horses are pulled up: the sick are being car­ried \0 the Grotto. W h o can des­cribe that slow, sad procession? Here you see suffering in every form. The patients are borne by attendants qn l i t ters; you see the paralyzed, the consumptive, the cancerous, the deformed. Every disease is represented there, and apparently the sufferers have reached the last stage o f their ma­lady. But what strikes you most

M A L A Y A C A T H O L I C L E A D E R , S A T U R D A Y , M A R C H 2nd 1935.

On ^ P u t g s from ^ A l b i o n (FROM OUR SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT)

A P i l g r i m Note.

If readers in Malaya are not in danger of suffering a surfeit of news concerning the two approach­ing Canonizations—the topic up­per-most in Catholic circles here in England—let two further pieces of detail be recorded :

1. The Gui ld of Our Lady of Ransom, which holds every year the famous " W a l k " from Newgate to Tyburn in honour of the E n g ­lish Mar ty r s , is arranging for a great pilgrimage on foot in the other direction. The walk wi l l start from Lincoln 's Inn, where Blessed Thomas More was a student and became a member, and finish at the site of the martyrdom of More and F isher on Tower H i l l . The date fixed is June 30, by which time, i t is expected, the two mar­tyrs w i l l have been proclaimed Saints.

2. Blessed John Fisher has now a permanent memorial close to his ancient diocesan city, Rochester. The walls were blessed, and the foundation stone laid, for the me­morial sanctuary of St. Michael 's Catholic church, whose parish takes in the Rochester area. The parish priest looks forward to the time when Chatham and Rochester wi l l hold a place only less import­ant than Canterbury as a goal of pilgrimage for Engl i sh Catholics.

A Loss to Religious A r t .

A widely-known Catholic paint­er, M r . Mark Symons, has died at a comparatively early age, leaving behind him a number of religious pictures which have caused a good deal of. discussion and controversy in art circles. M r . Symons was devoted to faith, and sometimes gave open-air addresses for the Catholic Evidence Guild. In a number of his paintings he took sacred subjects and put them into modern dress and surroundings, except for the Divine Figure , which he kept in the conventional jrobe. One of the most widely-discussed of pictures was a paint­ing rejected by the Royal A c a ­demy, called " M y L o r d I meet in every lane and street." M r . Symons used to say that he under­stood modern costume but knew nothing of that worn long ago. and that if Old Masters could put scrip­tural subjects*" into the dress and setting of their own time, there was nothing irreverent in an E n g ­lish painter of to-day who did the same.

Not all M r . Symons' paintings were religious, but his chief works were in the field. A much ad-piired Madona, Sedes Sapientiae, is in Downside Abbey. Fo r a num­ber of years M r . Symons was a regular exhibitor at the Royal Academy.

Where A l l Can Unite.

It is not often that any event in the religious sphere occurs in v Catholics, Anglicans, and

Nonconformists can whole-heart­edly unite. But for years past there has been this uni ty in the matter of praise for a wonderful little book, by* a non-Catholic officer, expounding The T r u t h of Chris t iani ty. The author, Lieuten­ant Colonel Turton, wrote his book many years ago; he has now revis­ed it. In the interval he has seen 65,000 copies of the l i t t le volume sold in Engl i sh . Thousands of copies have been sold of transla­tions into Italian, Chinese, Japan­ese and Arabic . It is stated that the first Arab ic edition ran into a thousand copies, and second into double that number.

Pracit ical ly, every Catholic newspaper and review i n Great Br i ta in has been enthusiastic in commendation of Colonel Turton's book. Protestants have welcomed i!< also; likewise the lay press. A t seventy-eight years of age the gallant Colonel is happy in the knowledge that on one matter, at any rate, he •has united an other­wise divided Chris tendom!

* * * * Pope and Sovereign.

Westminster Cathedral saw one of those assemblies th is week which serve to demonstrate to the Br i t i sh public that the V ica r of Christ is not only the head of the Catholic Church on earth but that he is also, both in r ight and by re­cognition, a Temporal Sovereign. The occasion was the clebration of the Thir teenth Annive r sa ry of the Pontiff's coronation. F i v e Ambas­sadors, representing European and South Amer ican countries, were present, while many other lands were represented by the i r Minis t ­ers, Charges d'Affaires, or other officials. The scene in the Cathedral was deeply impressive when all these diplomatic repre­sentatives had assembled. In the absence, through indisposition, of the Vicar-Capitular , Bishop Butt , the solemn Te Deum was intoned by the Bishop of Lamus, Monsig-nor Myers .

In the provincial diocesan cities, also, the H o l y Father 's anniversary was kept by Catholic w i t h solemn functions of thanksgiving.

* * * * Church Decline—The One

Exception.

Various non-Catholic clergymen at Stevenage, a small town in Hertfordshire, have been bewail­ing the decrease in church attend­ances in those parts, and suggesting the causes of it. One puts it down to the motor-car; another finds a ray of consolation in the reflection that the places of worship show only "comparative emptiness," not "emptiness." The Catholic priest of Stevenage, too, has taken a hand in the discussion and this is what he says :

"Speaking of the Catholic Churches, our one difficulty is to find the money to bui ld new churches and to enlarge existing ones to cope w i th the demand for seating accommodation. Since 1921 we at Stevenage have had to double Sunday Masses and have then often been unable to seat all the people who wish to be present.

The seating has also been renewed and aditional accommodation thus provided."

What is true of Stevenage is true, broadly speaking, of the country as a whole. The Catholic Church is the only religious body that is making headway.

A Great Novena. Our Catholic brethren in the Fa r

East can join in the intentions of a novena which in past years has been wonderfully fruitful of con­versions. The Convent of the Sist­ers of Adorat ion of the Sacred Heart, not many yards away from the site of Tyburn gallows, where so many Engl i sh martyrs gained their crown, is to hold in its chapel the devotions of the annual Great Novena for the Conversion of E n g ­land and Wales. The dates wi l l be March 4 to March 12. The la i ty are begged for at least one Holy Communion, or for a Rosary, for the intentions of the novena. The Tyburn Convent has become a centre of deep devotion in West London; for there the Blessed Sacrament is always exposed.

C A T H O L I C S I N T H E N O R T H . Heavier Responsibilities for

Yorkshi re . FATHER KNOX LOOKS AHEAD. Father Ronald Knox , the author

and humorist, adopted a serious note when he spoke at the annual dinner of the Catenian Associat ion (Leeds Circle) at the Hotel Metro-pole, Leeds. H e suggested that the time might shortly arr ive when Catholics i n Yorksh i re would have to shoulder heavier responsi­bili t ies which the i r co-religionists in the depressed areas could no longer bear.

" I th ink that this part of the country has probably a rather i m ­portant part to play in the develop­ment of the Catholic body in England dur ing the next few years / ' he said. " One does not know what is going to happen, but at present, it is obvious that those parts of B r i t a i n where Catholicism has been and is strongest are those which are the most badly hi t by unemployment, those where money is more scarce, and those where people are more tempted to migrate to other parts of England. It may be, therefore, that in the next few years the great block of Tyneside Catholics and even the great block of Lancashire Catholics may not be able to play the same part i n spreading the influence of the Church that they used to do. Out­side of London, this diocese is the diocese next i n strength to those I have just mentioned. It may be that Leeds wi l l have to take up the position of the protagonist of the Catholic body i n England, and i f that situation should arise, I am sure that the Catenians of Leeds would be in the forefront."

Father K n o x said the Catholic population of Great B r i t a i n is now two-thirds as much again as i t was 40 years ago. A s their numbers grew, i t became more difficult for members of the Church to know one another, exchange opinions wi th each other and talk over the news of the day as i t affected their interests. The Catenian Associa­tion, which linked together Catho­lic men engaged in business and the professions, was performing important work by helping to over­come that difficulty.

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Death Of The Rt . Rev. P . M . Gendreau.

(Continued from page 12)

age of 82 years, the fifty-ninth of his mission career and the forty-s ix th of his episcopate, he was finishing a vigorous round of six weeks in the country where he had changed bed and board constantly, travelled by foot, palanquin, boat, as well as automobile, and had no* only confirmed but had confessed and given Communion to thou­sands, preached long sermons i» Annamese, and received the people of every village i n his parlour. The forty-fifth anniversary of his con­secration came while he was on tour and to commemorate i t pro­perly he ate no food throughout a long, active day which began at 4.30 i n the morn ing ; yet i n the evening he appeared as fresh as a rose.

"He leads a deeply spir i tual life, wi th an hour of meditation every morning and a half-hour's v is i t every evening. He loves his peo­ple and they on their part worship him. One l i t t le village of 200, in order to have the privilege of a call f rom h im, laboured furiously to construct a road of three ki lo­meters to permit his automobile to reach them. D a y after day dur ing his visitation there are processions, music, petards, receptions, a l l that permits his flock to express their joy at his presence.

"We sat w i t h h im in this l i t t le house and watched the vigour of his mind. H e was alert to every remark, th ink ing wi th us and well in advance of us. H e took the ini t iat ive in describing his v i ca r i ­ate and then, lost out here i n this remote spot among the rice pad­dies, he turned the conversation to the news of the world. W i t h i n a few minutes he had touched on the elections in Europe, the Church in Equador, the happenings in Spain, the events in France."

(Fides) .

2

Memories of Lourdes By M . S. FITZGIBBON.

The journey was long and weary. The hot August sun pour­ed mercilessly into the ra i lway car­riage, the dust enveloped us. We had gone beyond the stage of tak-

Ixip interest i n a stop at a station, and the probable change of, or addition to our fellow-travellers. We had even gone beyond the wish, or rather wild longing of a few hours ago to fill our lungs w i t h one long breath of pure fresh a i r . We existed miserably and l imply, only conscious that we were t i red , dead­ly tired. A sudden exclamation from a young g i r l at the carriage window roused us: "Voila! La Grotte!" A h , that first glimpse of Our Lady 's famous Shr ine! It was but a passing glance in the dist­ance as the t r a in slowed down be­fore entering the station, but our apathy and langour fled. The dust and the heat and the weary road were al l forgotten. One of the dearest wishes we had i n l ife was ours: we were at Lourdes—dear, beautiful, holy Lourdes!

is the look of calm and hope and resignation on the faces of a l l . The greatest care is taken of these poor invalids. There is a beautiful hos­pital for their accommodation, and ladies and geptlemen from every rank give their services there to nurse and care them, in honour of Our Lady . Every th ing is done to lessen their sufferings. W i t h the tenderest care they are placed on the stretchers and taken to and from the Grotto, to the baths, or to any exercise of the pilgrimage their state of health permits, them to take part in . The attendants are evepywhere watching their charges and supplying their wants. If any get fatigued or show any signs of weakness, they are imme­diately seen to, and, i f necessary, taken back to the hospital. Y o u hear the constant c ry : "Faites place aux malades, s'il vous plait V9

Immediately a passage is made through the crowd, and the stret­cher w i th the poor sufferer is borne away.

Our horses were kept a long time standing; it was fully a quart­er of an hour before a break oc­curred in that procession of human misery. A t last our driver takes advantage of a pause caused by the attendants changing the posi­tion of a poor man whom they were carrying, and who seemed to he in great pain. We drove on up the h i l l , passing by the magnifi­cent Basi l ica, and in less than five minutes we were at the Convent. We were expected there, and were immediately shown to our room, where we were glad to remove all traces of our long t ra in journey.

The li t t le blue-veiled Sister had told us she would come back for us, when dinner was ready, and, while waiting, we opened the shut­ters of the window. What an out­look we had! It is one of our memories of Lourdes, but we fear our pen wi l l never help us to share it. The Convent is built high up on the h i l l ; a thick pine forfest leads down from it to the River Gave. A t the opposite side of the r iver green meadows wi th their golden hay-stacks, rise up from the valley, and catch the sunshine as i t creeps up the hill-side. The fields are fenced with a >small screen of trees, their pale greerf fo­liage making the contrast to the pine-clad mountains behind very marked. Through the trees we can see the spire of the Basil ica, and wafted on the breeze is ever the same ca l l : Ave, Ave , Ave M a r i a ! r

Reluctantly we turned from the window when the Sister came for us. She led us to a large refec­tory, where the same view was again before us; and, as we ate our dinner, the strain of the Ave st i l l floated arbund us.

Af te r dinner we set out to visit the Grotto. The nuns told us that we should be in time for Benedic­tion and the Procession of the Blessed Sacrament. They showed us a r a th through the wood that would le^d us to the Grotto. How often the memory of that walk

comes back! We were so grateful to get under the shade of the*trees from the scorching heat of the sun. We have been told that wood is now cut down to make room for building. We do not thing of changes at Lourdes, but, i f we were to return there now it is not alone the loss of the trees would make us sad. The Convent, where we were so fondly cared, is shut up and the nuns are scatter­ed. The Fathers who arranged the pilgrimage processions, and all the ceremonies are gone. The hand of persecution, so heavily laid on France, has tried to touch Lourdes, but Mary is watching over it , and we believe Our Lady of Lourdes wi l l save France.

A s we walked down the winding pathway, a great murmur of voices came up to us, growing louder and louder as we went on. We reached the r iver bank, and there we saw a sight that wi l l never be forgotten. A large space before the Grotto was reserved for the sick. There, on their little stretchers, line after line of suf­ferers lay. Those who were able had their hands stretched out— but, alas! how few were able for even that exertion. A l l around, down to the bank of the Gave, knelt an immense throng of people, wi th outstretched hands, passionately interceding for the cure of those so patiently waiting. A priest stood in the pulpit out-

*side*the Grotto, and gave out the prayers, which were ejaculations nearly all the t ime: "Notre D^me de Lourdes, guerissez les malades!" A n d the crowd repeated with fer­vour: "Notre Dame de Lourdes, guerissez les malades!" In a voice of deep emotion the priest adds: "Notre Dame de Lourdes, gardez la France, ayez pitie d'elle! The people sway to and fro, and, rais­ing up their hands to the statue of the Immaculate Conception placed over the Grotto in the great rock of Massabielle, they repeat in a sobbing wa i l : "Notre "Dame" i!e Lourdes, gardez la France, ayez pitie d'elle!" Over and over the prayers are repeated, and always with the same note of passionate appeal. The Rosary is then,said with the same fervour, the Ave is sung unti l the tinkle of the bell gives warning that the Blessed Sacrament is being carried from the church to the Grotto.

The Grotto is guarded by a high rail ing, wi th a gate at each side. In the centre is a little altar. You can pass in by one gate, go around the back of the altar and go out by the other gate. There is a con­stant stream of pilgrims always passing through, pausing for a moment to kiss the stone where Our Lady stood. The sides of the Grotto and the rock for some eight or ten yards over the Foun­tain are lined with hunderds of crutches, and all kinds of surgical appliances, left there by those who have been cured.

When the priest arrives at the Grotto, Benediction is given, and

the Procession starts. The sick are carried first and placed in a large circle before the Church of the Rosary. The people prostrate themselves for a moment and kiss the ground—to complv wi th the wish of Our Ladv when she said to Bemadette: " Y o u wil l pray for sinners, you wi l l kiss the ground for sinners." They form into line, and again the Ave , Ave , Ave Mar ia , r ings out. When the priest bearing the Host reaches the church steps, he goes around be­fore the invalids and raises the 1

monstrance over them. It is at this time that many of the miracles take place. We have seen more than one ly ing anparentlv near death who, when the priest raised the Host, uttered a groan of agony, and. as he passed on, they have left the bed of pain and fol­lowed after h im, quite restored.

When the round of the sick is over, the priest ascends the steps of the church, and at the door he turns, and Benediction is again given. The sick are then taken back to the hospital, and the pil­grims scatter for an hour or two unti l it is t ime to gather at the Grotto again for the evening Pro-J cession. We were too weary to j join in it that night, but we , watched it from a little distance! and a very impressive sight it J was. Sixteen thousand pilgrims j took part in it, all bearing lighted I torches. It wound along through the trees from the Grotto up to the statue of Our Lady opposite the church, on around by the statue of St. Michael.

L ike a huge serpent of fire it crept along; all the time the Ave , Ave, Ave Mar i a , was going up to Mary. The Church of the Rosary, w i t h ! its large dome, the arched balcony! leading from it to the Crypt , the! Basil ica from its high steeple to the ground, were one mass of electric lights, which kept occa­sionally changing from red to b'ue and white, and the play of the summer l ightning as it flashed now and then, lit up the whole place l ike day.

We returned to the Convent, worn out wi th fatigue, and had scarcely laid our heads on the pil­low before we were fast asleep

.We woke about five o'clock in the morning. F rom every part of the mountains around us came a musical sound. Fu l l of curiosity, ' v/e jumped out of bed, and, dress­ing quickly went out. We met-numbers of little shepherdesses blowing on tiny horns to call their flocks. Bu t what astonished us' was that the goats seemed to know the horn of their own) shepherdess, and came bounding j towards her from the mountain j side as she blew out her call. j

We walked on to the Grotto. Ear ly as it was, the place was(

thronged, and Mass was being celebrated there. We were very much struck by the rapt devotion | of the people; their eyes were fix- v ed on the altar, they seemed j almost immovable; the voice of! the priest and the murmur of the J river were the only sounds that I broke the stillness. Af t e r Mass« we passed through the Grotto, and \ took a drink of water at the Foun- ' tain, and returned to the Convent | for a Cup of coffee.

(Continued on page 15)

Soon the bustle of a r r i v a l was over, and we were dr iv ing through the town to our destination—the Convent of the Immaculate Con­ception, up high on the hiH-side. A n d what a drive it was ! The mighty Pyrenees looked down on us ; and sent a grateful cool breeze to revive us ; the dark pine-woods were a sweet relief to our t ired eyes. Crowds of pi lgr ims, all in their different national costumes, formed picturesque groups every­where. Lourdes was crowded and only that we had previously en­gaged our room at the Convent, we would have shared the fate of many there, and have had to sleep under the trees that night. E v e r y now and then we came on a l i t t le picnic, a group of pilgrims s i t t ing down by the roadside together, each wi th a long rol l of bread, the she­pherdesses, who make a l iv ing by selling the mi lk of the i r goats, drive their l i t t le herds near them, and the clear cry that becomes so famil iar to you in that l i t t le P y -reneen village, rings out " U n petit verre de l a i t ! " "The picnickers, as they want i t , hand over their horn goblets, and get thei r glass of milk, and to judge by the i r happy laughter, seem to enjoy this sim-

~ple~fare.

Our dr iver suddenly pulls up his horses, and now we are conscious that for some time our ears have been filled w i t h a sweet tr iumphant sound. It seemed to be part of the a i r around us; i t came ringing, s ighing, sobbing from every side. We were l istening for the first time to the world-famed hymn of Lourdes, A v e , Ave , A v e M a r i a ! Everyone took part i n i t . Along the street, i n the woods, by the river bank, night or day, that cry of supplication and love is ever go­ing up to M a r y from the pilgrims to her Shrine at Lourdes.

We now see why our horses are pulled up: the sick are being car­ried \0 the Grotto. W h o can des­cribe that slow, sad procession? Here you see suffering in every form. The patients are borne by attendants qn l i t ters; you see the paralyzed, the consumptive, the cancerous, the deformed. Every disease is represented there, and apparently the sufferers have reached the last stage o f their ma­lady. But what strikes you most

M A L A Y A C A T H O L I C L E A D E R , S A T U R D A Y , M A R C H 2nd 1935.

On ^ P u t g s from ^ A l b i o n (FROM OUR SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT)

A P i l g r i m Note.

If readers in Malaya are not in danger of suffering a surfeit of news concerning the two approach­ing Canonizations—the topic up­per-most in Catholic circles here in England—let two further pieces of detail be recorded :

1. The Gui ld of Our Lady of Ransom, which holds every year the famous " W a l k " from Newgate to Tyburn in honour of the E n g ­lish Mar ty r s , is arranging for a great pilgrimage on foot in the other direction. The walk wi l l start from Lincoln 's Inn, where Blessed Thomas More was a student and became a member, and finish at the site of the martyrdom of More and F isher on Tower H i l l . The date fixed is June 30, by which time, i t is expected, the two mar­tyrs w i l l have been proclaimed Saints.

2. Blessed John Fisher has now a permanent memorial close to his ancient diocesan city, Rochester. The walls were blessed, and the foundation stone laid, for the me­morial sanctuary of St. Michael 's Catholic church, whose parish takes in the Rochester area. The parish priest looks forward to the time when Chatham and Rochester wi l l hold a place only less import­ant than Canterbury as a goal of pilgrimage for Engl i sh Catholics.

A Loss to Religious A r t .

A widely-known Catholic paint­er, M r . Mark Symons, has died at a comparatively early age, leaving behind him a number of religious pictures which have caused a good deal of. discussion and controversy in art circles. M r . Symons was devoted to faith, and sometimes gave open-air addresses for the Catholic Evidence Guild. In a number of his paintings he took sacred subjects and put them into modern dress and surroundings, except for the Divine Figure , which he kept in the conventional jrobe. One of the most widely-discussed of pictures was a paint­ing rejected by the Royal A c a ­demy, called " M y L o r d I meet in every lane and street." M r . Symons used to say that he under­stood modern costume but knew nothing of that worn long ago. and that if Old Masters could put scrip­tural subjects*" into the dress and setting of their own time, there was nothing irreverent in an E n g ­lish painter of to-day who did the same.

Not all M r . Symons' paintings were religious, but his chief works were in the field. A much ad-piired Madona, Sedes Sapientiae, is in Downside Abbey. Fo r a num­ber of years M r . Symons was a regular exhibitor at the Royal Academy.

Where A l l Can Unite.

It is not often that any event in the religious sphere occurs in v Catholics, Anglicans, and

Nonconformists can whole-heart­edly unite. But for years past there has been this uni ty in the matter of praise for a wonderful little book, by* a non-Catholic officer, expounding The T r u t h of Chris t iani ty. The author, Lieuten­ant Colonel Turton, wrote his book many years ago; he has now revis­ed it. In the interval he has seen 65,000 copies of the l i t t le volume sold in Engl i sh . Thousands of copies have been sold of transla­tions into Italian, Chinese, Japan­ese and Arabic . It is stated that the first Arab ic edition ran into a thousand copies, and second into double that number.

Pracit ical ly, every Catholic newspaper and review i n Great Br i ta in has been enthusiastic in commendation of Colonel Turton's book. Protestants have welcomed i!< also; likewise the lay press. A t seventy-eight years of age the gallant Colonel is happy in the knowledge that on one matter, at any rate, he •has united an other­wise divided Chris tendom!

* * * * Pope and Sovereign.

Westminster Cathedral saw one of those assemblies th is week which serve to demonstrate to the Br i t i sh public that the V ica r of Christ is not only the head of the Catholic Church on earth but that he is also, both in r ight and by re­cognition, a Temporal Sovereign. The occasion was the clebration of the Thir teenth Annive r sa ry of the Pontiff's coronation. F i v e Ambas­sadors, representing European and South Amer ican countries, were present, while many other lands were represented by the i r Minis t ­ers, Charges d'Affaires, or other officials. The scene in the Cathedral was deeply impressive when all these diplomatic repre­sentatives had assembled. In the absence, through indisposition, of the Vicar-Capitular , Bishop Butt , the solemn Te Deum was intoned by the Bishop of Lamus, Monsig-nor Myers .

In the provincial diocesan cities, also, the H o l y Father 's anniversary was kept by Catholic w i t h solemn functions of thanksgiving.

* * * * Church Decline—The One

Exception.

Various non-Catholic clergymen at Stevenage, a small town in Hertfordshire, have been bewail­ing the decrease in church attend­ances in those parts, and suggesting the causes of it. One puts it down to the motor-car; another finds a ray of consolation in the reflection that the places of worship show only "comparative emptiness," not "emptiness." The Catholic priest of Stevenage, too, has taken a hand in the discussion and this is what he says :

"Speaking of the Catholic Churches, our one difficulty is to find the money to bui ld new churches and to enlarge existing ones to cope w i th the demand for seating accommodation. Since 1921 we at Stevenage have had to double Sunday Masses and have then often been unable to seat all the people who wish to be present.

The seating has also been renewed and aditional accommodation thus provided."

What is true of Stevenage is true, broadly speaking, of the country as a whole. The Catholic Church is the only religious body that is making headway.

A Great Novena. Our Catholic brethren in the Fa r

East can join in the intentions of a novena which in past years has been wonderfully fruitful of con­versions. The Convent of the Sist­ers of Adorat ion of the Sacred Heart, not many yards away from the site of Tyburn gallows, where so many Engl i sh martyrs gained their crown, is to hold in its chapel the devotions of the annual Great Novena for the Conversion of E n g ­land and Wales. The dates wi l l be March 4 to March 12. The la i ty are begged for at least one Holy Communion, or for a Rosary, for the intentions of the novena. The Tyburn Convent has become a centre of deep devotion in West London; for there the Blessed Sacrament is always exposed.

C A T H O L I C S I N T H E N O R T H . Heavier Responsibilities for

Yorkshi re . FATHER KNOX LOOKS AHEAD. Father Ronald Knox , the author

and humorist, adopted a serious note when he spoke at the annual dinner of the Catenian Associat ion (Leeds Circle) at the Hotel Metro-pole, Leeds. H e suggested that the time might shortly arr ive when Catholics i n Yorksh i re would have to shoulder heavier responsi­bili t ies which the i r co-religionists in the depressed areas could no longer bear.

" I th ink that this part of the country has probably a rather i m ­portant part to play in the develop­ment of the Catholic body in England dur ing the next few years / ' he said. " One does not know what is going to happen, but at present, it is obvious that those parts of B r i t a i n where Catholicism has been and is strongest are those which are the most badly hi t by unemployment, those where money is more scarce, and those where people are more tempted to migrate to other parts of England. It may be, therefore, that in the next few years the great block of Tyneside Catholics and even the great block of Lancashire Catholics may not be able to play the same part i n spreading the influence of the Church that they used to do. Out­side of London, this diocese is the diocese next i n strength to those I have just mentioned. It may be that Leeds wi l l have to take up the position of the protagonist of the Catholic body i n England, and i f that situation should arise, I am sure that the Catenians of Leeds would be in the forefront."

Father K n o x said the Catholic population of Great B r i t a i n is now two-thirds as much again as i t was 40 years ago. A s their numbers grew, i t became more difficult for members of the Church to know one another, exchange opinions wi th each other and talk over the news of the day as i t affected their interests. The Catenian Associa­tion, which linked together Catho­lic men engaged in business and the professions, was performing important work by helping to over­come that difficulty.

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Death Of The Rt . Rev. P . M . Gendreau.

(Continued from page 12)

age of 82 years, the fifty-ninth of his mission career and the forty-s ix th of his episcopate, he was finishing a vigorous round of six weeks in the country where he had changed bed and board constantly, travelled by foot, palanquin, boat, as well as automobile, and had no* only confirmed but had confessed and given Communion to thou­sands, preached long sermons i» Annamese, and received the people of every village i n his parlour. The forty-fifth anniversary of his con­secration came while he was on tour and to commemorate i t pro­perly he ate no food throughout a long, active day which began at 4.30 i n the morn ing ; yet i n the evening he appeared as fresh as a rose.

"He leads a deeply spir i tual life, wi th an hour of meditation every morning and a half-hour's v is i t every evening. He loves his peo­ple and they on their part worship him. One l i t t le village of 200, in order to have the privilege of a call f rom h im, laboured furiously to construct a road of three ki lo­meters to permit his automobile to reach them. D a y after day dur ing his visitation there are processions, music, petards, receptions, a l l that permits his flock to express their joy at his presence.

"We sat w i t h h im in this l i t t le house and watched the vigour of his mind. H e was alert to every remark, th ink ing wi th us and well in advance of us. H e took the ini t iat ive in describing his v i ca r i ­ate and then, lost out here i n this remote spot among the rice pad­dies, he turned the conversation to the news of the world. W i t h i n a few minutes he had touched on the elections in Europe, the Church in Equador, the happenings in Spain, the events in France."

(Fides) .

M A L A Y A CATHOLIC L E A D E R , SATURDAY, MARCH 2nd 1935.

M A L A Y A CATHOLIC L E A D E R , S A T U R D A Y , MARCH 2nd 1935.

Y o u n g P e o p l e ' s M A L A Y A N B U T T E R F L I E S .

Wh<?n a butterfly pays a flying call to your garden, as a rule, it is most unconcernedly—if you fcotiee it at all—that you look at the visi tor . If, however, i t be some large-Winged species which displays r ich blazing colours, then, for a moment, your interest is roused up. But , hardly has the l i t t le wandering fairy gone over the hedge you no longer th ink of it.

In our town-gardens, so remote from primaeval forests and there­fore so poor i n plants attractive to them, butterflies are constantly of the same range: generally swift P A P I L I O S wi th tailed black wings bearing large white patches; lazy E U P L O E A S which hov^f near the ground and display to the sun the deep purple of their rounded wings ; "Whi tes" tumbling from bush to bush l ike madcaps; tawny J U N O N I A S proud of thei r large opened and white-pupilled "pea­cock" spots; besides but rather scarce, a few species of the numer­ous family of the L Y C A E N I D A E , commonly known as the "Blues." I don't mention one or two ubiquit­ous H E S P E R I I D A E which are very fond of settl ing on the walls i n the dark corners of the houses.

There you have, i n short, the l is t o f "c iv i l i sed" butterflies which frequent our towns and surround­ings.

Would you like to form a larger and more intimate acquaintance w i t h this interesting and lovely tr ibe of insects? -Make v for the deep forest which s t i l l cover hun­dreds o f square miles of the hi l ly plains and the slopes of the moun­tains in the " u l u , " ; and then from 10 i n the morning t i l l sunset, wan­der at leisure up and down along the narrow shady paths which steal their way through thickets of thorny shrubs and ferns: walk slowly and be on the look out for Great black-bluish Memmon i n company wi th other species of a sooty-black w i th a white spot on their hind-wings skim along the path i n a blunt and large zigzag course while others, st i l l of a larger size, soar above in wide circles, al­most motionless on their powerful wings, of which the second pair shines l ike gold in the sun. These gorgeous insects are the princes of the P A P I L I O t r ibe ; they are the famous O R N I T H O P T E R A or bird-winged butterfles. Amongst them the most magnificently arrayed, at least in Malaya , the Ornithoptera brookeana—discovered by the great naturalist and friend of Darwin . A. R . Wallace near the mines of Simunjon, in Sarawak—was found, in 1878 at Gopeng (Perak) by S i r H u g h L o w . TJhis marvellous in ­sect, o f a velvety black, has its elongated forewings crossed by a band of tr iangular metallic spots which are now of a dark blue and green, now of a resplendent l ight green, according to the angle from which you look at i t . Brookeana, generally, is met in the neighbour­hood of pools formed by the water which trickles down from hot-springs. They congregate there, sometimes hundreds at a t ime very busy in sucking the moisture from the mud.

In the shade, a mi lky trans­parent butterfly gently glides down like a sheet of tissue paper and then flapping its huge falcate wings goes up again to the tree tops. Th i s is the biggest of our D A N A I D A E , and is called 'Hestia* or, to give it its Malay nickname, the " K u p u Kertas ." Its next of k in , almost its replica in miniature, is the Ideopsis of which hundreds hover from flower to flower along the track and in the clearings on the hi l l slopes.

Rama-Rayna.

(To be continued).

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TO A B A D L I T T L E B O Y .

B y George S. Morrow.

"Come and tell me what you d id ; Do not t ry to keep i t h i d ; I can see your face is long, Tel l ing me .that something's wrong It's as plain as plain can be Y o u are hiding things from me

"In the drooping of your eyes I can see some mischief lies. Once I was a boy like you Doing things I shouldn't do. So I ' l l help you all I can. Come and tell me, l i t t le man.

"Brace r ight up and let i t go; Y o u ' l l feel better i f I know; A n d I ' l l feel much better, too, Knowing I am helping you. Speak right out and have no

fear There's no one but me to hear."

This was told me, word by word, Which nearly every boy has heard, F r o m the age of nine or ten T i l l he takes his place wi th men. Times have changed and now mv

dad Has no little boy that's bad

Now this little boy has grown To have children of his own, A n d he tells his l i t t le son, When some mischief he has done: "Brace r ight up and let i t go: You ' l l feel better i f I know.

"Just remember, son, and be Not afraid to come to me; No one cares as much for you A s your dad and mother do; A n d ' tis I who should be the one F i r s t to hear what you have done."

ST. F R A N C I S S O L A N O A N D T H E L I O N .

St. Francis Solano, one of the most zealous of Catholic missiona­ries, was born in Cordova, Spain, in the sixteenth century. E a r l y in boyhood he expressed a wish to enter the religious life, and his desire to imitate Jesus found its realisation when he became a mis­sionary member of the Order of St. Francis.

A s a boy, St. Francis Solano was noted for his modest behaviour, his prudent silence and edifying meek­ness. Whi le st i l l very young, he was always able to effect a recon­ciliation between the most bitter enemies.

A popular legend has it that one day, when he was st i l l a student, he came upon two Spaniards who were engaged in deadly strife. W i t h daggers drawn, they attacked each other, and a tragedy was im­minent. The boy, heedless of his own danger, threw himself be­tween the two infuriated men, c ry ing :—

"Brothers, shethe your weap­ons, I pray you."

A n d , fal l ing upon his knees, he prayed wi th such fervour that the hearts of the combatants were touched and they became recon­ciled to one another.

In the year 1589 he sailed for South Amer ica to preach the Gos­pel to the Indians in Peru . Whi le some distance from the shore, the ship struck a ledge of rocks. The captain hurried the officers and principal passengers into the only lifeboat there was.

"Come wi th us," he said to the missionary.

St. Francis replied:— "Sir , you have done your duty ;

now I shall do mine. I w i l l stav here wi th thgse lesser creatures until you return."

Then, turning to the poor pas­sengers who remained, he be­sought them to have trust in God's mercy, saying that He would not allow them to perish.

F o r three days the vessel re­mained afloat, although when the captain had left it the ship was in danger of almost immediate sink­ing. A t last the captain arrived wi th more life boats, and then, as the last passenger left the ship, i t began to sink.

St. Francis began his n ^ s i o n a r y -

duties at once, and more than nine thousand Indians were converted through his zeal and eloquence and earnestness.

God gave St. Francis a marvel­lous power over wild beasts. One time his zeal for converts took h i m into the wi ld forest country, which was inhabited not only by cruel and bloodthirsty Indians, but also by jungle beasts. The Indians in the village which the saint had marked for his own were determined to be revenged upon the white men, whom they hated because of the cruelty of the first Spanish sett­lers.

A runner brought news to the tribe that the Whi te Fa ther was nearing their village. Warr io rs and the hunters of the tribe ga­thered at the farther end of the village to await the coming of the missionary. Suddenly someone cried :

" "See, he comes!" A n d the figure of the saint appeared, just at the edge of the jungle which bordered on the village.

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"But look behind h im," cried another, and even the warriors were terrified at the sight.

Back of the saint, stealthily i stalking along, was a lion, a man- | eater, which had terrorised the Indians for days. H i s great jaws were sl ightly parted; he crept along behind the saint, awaiting for a chance to spring upon him. j A n d then the miracle happened, j St. Francis turned around and, ra is ing his hand, blessed the lion. | A n d as he spoke the great beast | approached, licked his hand, and I then turned off into the jungle.

St. Francis gained the admira­tion of the Indians by this mani­festation of his powers, and it was an easy matter for h im to over­come their distrust of h im and to b r ing them to a realisation of the things of God.

(From Catholic Fireside.)

Dur ing the communist outburst in the Spanish Province of the Asturias, (October last,) atrocities were committed which recalled the bloody orgies of Emperor Nero.

To give a few instances: a priest, F r . Vil lanueva, Director of a Seminary, was sprinkled wi th petrol by the Redjs and burnt a l ive; another priest was hanged to a butcher's-hook in a stall w i th the b i l l : Pork for sale; another one cut out to pieces had his remains exposed as butcher's meat. These same Communists also blew up two Convents with their inmates,—poor defenceless nuns,—whom they previously had violated.

In a village, they forced a priest to celebrate a Requiem Mass near the bj^nk of a trench where they hadi piled up the st i l l warm bodies of their v ic t ims; and as he was pronouncing the last prayers, they felled h im wi th a double shot i n the back.

Some soldiers who had fallen in to their hands were first scalped, then beheaded and the heads thrown, as toys, to the mob. Policemen were fastened to trees and blown up wi th dynamite, etc., etc.

It has been said that in the only c i ty of Oviedo the people slaugh­tered by the Communists reached 2,000.

F o r the edification of our readers we reprint below, from T H E R O C K , an account wri t ten by the Superior of the Jesuit Fathers of some of these s t i l l recent events which took place in the North-western part of Spain. ( E d . M . C . L . ) .

<A G R A P H I C A C C O U N T . ' ( B y F r . Enr ique Carvaja l , SJ.) I am wr i t i ng this in order to

make known how the members of the Society of Jesus fared in Astur ias , the principal theatre of the recent revolution, and especial­ly to give an account of the shoot­ing—may we not call i t the martyrdom ?—of F r . E m i l i o M a r ­tinez and Brother Juan Arconada.

Definite news of their death, which took place on the 7th October, did not reach me unti l the 23rd and I determined to travel at once to Astur ias to see for myself how matters stood there. No one who is aware of the intensity of what was nothing less than a c iv i l war w i l l be surprised at the news being so long delayed, for, not only was Astur ias completely isolated from the rest of Spain, but com­munications between the various towns,, of the province were inter­rupted during the conflict. E v e n in Oviedo no one knew what was happening in the next street.

We began to suspect that some­thing serious must have happened to F r . Martinez and B r . Arconada, when we learned that the strain from Carrion, where the one had been giving, the other making, a Retreat, had been stopped by re­volutionaries at U j o ; but i t was impossible to make any inquiries until the troops had taken this town and civil ians were allowed to enter.

When communications had been re-established—though only to a very limited extent—the Superior at Gijon at once obtained a m i l i ­tary pass for F r . Gomez del Castillo and B r . Egozcoe, who, tracing step by step the path fol­lowed by the dead priest and brother, were enabled to piece to­gether th story of their last days on earth.

T oive the report of F r . Gomez del Castillo in his own words:—

" On the 4th October F r . E m i l i o and Br. Arconada were returning from Carrion on the Madr id -Gijon express. They left Palencia a t 4 n.m., and instead of a r r iv ing at Giion at 10 o'clock the same JiVht, thev only reached U j o at £ 4 5 on the morning of the 5th. The rovolutionaries would not allow the t ra in to proceed further. F r Martinez and B r . Arconada,

however, managed to get away from the station. They inquired for the house of Senor Muniz , a good Catholic whose sons are pupils at one of our colleges, but i t was to the house of another gentleman of the same name they were directed. He received them kindly, provided F r . Mart inez w i th civi l ian clothes and kept them both as guests for two days. (In ac­cordance wi th the usual Spanish custom, B r . Arconada was travel­l ing in civi l ian at t ire) .

" On Sunday the 7th, at about 9.30 a.m., members of the Revolu­tionary Committee* arr ived to search the house for arms, and Senor Muniz , w i th his son-in-law, was taken away under arrest. Whi le the search was i n progress, F r . Emi l io and B r . Arconada, fear­ing that their presence might compromise the family, slipped away and took refuge in another house near the station. Here they remained only a quarter of an hour, for the place did not appear sufficiently safe; and on the advice of Senor Junquera, of Gijon, a re­fugee like themselves, they finally decided to make for Oviedo.

" A l l three took to flight, mak­ing their way along the slope of a h i l l for over an hour. Towards 12 o'clock th^y descended by a lane called Tejera to the main road at the rai lway terminus of Santul-lano. A few minutes later they were arrested at the bridge and brought to the Town H a l l , where F r . Emi l io and Br . Arconada were condemned to death merely be­cause they were religious. Senor Junquera would have been con­demned also as a Fascist , but an old foreman from the mines, Jose Iglesias, spoke in his defence, and he was set at liberty w i th a safe-conduct which F r . Mart inez wrote and which the revolutionaries signed wi th a crass, as they knew little or nothing about the use of the pen. Iglesias spoke also on behalf of the Father and Brother, urging in defence of the former that his life was dedicated to the service of the workers and their chi ldren; but he failed to move the Revolutionary Committee. They maintained the sentence of death, calling the victims 1 deceivers of the people.'

" The prisoners were kept in the Town Ha l l for ten hours, during which time they had to endure many insults, and listen to hor­rible blasphemies against God. In the evening they asked for a l i t t le coffee and milk as they had taken nothing since breakfast. This was brought by some poor women, who were insulted as they passed by the three armed sentries on duty outside.

" Towards 10 o'clock they were removed in a small lorry. Upon ar r iv ing at the Lacoca pit-head, near the entrance to Mieres, they were ordered to get down, one of the guards remarking: * This is the end of the journey/ There, on the roadside close to the pit­head, seeing the guards were about to shoot them, the two embraced and then calmly faced the rifles wi th a cry of V i v a Cristo Rey ! ( " L o n g L i v e Christ the K i n g ! " ) .

" They fell mortally wounded, and were finally despatched wi th blows of the rifle butts. Af te r ­wards, the bodies were brought to the cemetery of Mieres where they were thrown on the ground and left unburied until the evening of the 8th. They were then buried in the one grave, together wi th the murdered body of Don Tomas Escribano, a sergeant of the Civil. Guard.

" I made all these inquiries on the 22nd of October in company wi th B r . Joaquim Egozcoe, inter­rogating numerous people, who had seen the two either making their way along the hillside or descend­ing to the main road, or actually being arrested on the bridge of Santullano. We visi ted and care­fully examined the place of the shooting. W e spoke to the work­man who heard the rifle-shots, and to his wife who washed up the blood at the Lacoca pit-head on the morning of the 8th. They gave us a detailed description of F r . E m i l i o and B r . Arconada. Next , we went to the cemetery of Mieres, where the grave-digger also described them and pointed out the grave where their mortal remains lay, wi th those of Ser­geant Escribano. A s a result of these investigations made on the 22nd, we became morally certain that the two had been barbarously and cruelly shot because they were religious and Jesuits..

We think, therefore, that i t is un­just and unhistorical to trace the classical decadence to early Chris­t ian i ty ; rather are we indebted to early Chris t iani ty for preserving the Classical tradition through cen­turies of turmoil and social revolu­tion." Dr . Shine concluded.

(Yorkshire Post) .

Principles and Practices of Piety. Confidence.

We must not be anxious about what wi l l become of us, but must establish ourselves in that holy joy infused by confidence in the Providence of God. The Bread Of Heaven.

Pour forth on us, O Lord , the Spiri t of Thy Love, that those whom Thou hast fed and streng­thened • wi th this bread from heaven may be enabled to despise all earthly things, and wi th clean hearts to seek after Thee, the only God.

St. Bonaventure.

C L A S S I C S ' D E B T T O T H E M O N K S

Dr . Shine's Address at H u l l " I t is unjust and unhistorical to

trace the classical decadence to early Chr is t ian i ty ," said Dr . Shine, Roman Catholic Bishop of Middles­brough (formerly Canon Shine, of St. Anne's Cathedral, Leeds) i n a presidential address delivered to Hu l l Classical Association, at the Univers i ty College one night.

Speaking on "The Classics and the E a r l y Church ." D r . Shine said the world had never seen a human organisation so admirable and so perfect as the Empi re over which Augustus had ruled for 44 years, and which he bequeathed to Tiberius.

The Empi re took 200 years to arrive at perfection. A t i ts height it gave the world men of l i te­rary genius, Cicero, V i r g i l , Horace, Ovid, who found their richest inspiration i n the greatness of Rome. That . Roman l i terary greatness that classical growth which flourished i n such favourable conditions, was the outcome of Hellenism, that revival i n the East was vigorously before the begin­ning of Chr is t ian i ty . In the West the Hellenic t radi t ion reached its highest development through the work of Cicero, and became the foundation of European classical learning. Chr i s t i an i ty and He l ­lenism were two different things. A t first sight they would seem to be incompatible. The Greek at the best period of pagan learning was rat ional is t ic ; the Chr is t ian relied on authori ty. The Greek lived for this world, the Chris t ian for the next. There came about a change i n Greek thought and the Greek attitude to life which fac i l i ­tated an entente, i f not a synthesis, between Hellenism and Chris t ia­ni ty. Reliance on authori ty be­gan to take the place of rationa­l i s m : the fact that Plato had taught a certain doctrine was re­garded as reason enough for ac­cepting i t .

D r . Shine said that the decline in Classical learning was consequ­ent on the decline, of the Empire . The only means of preserving the classical t rad i t ion was through newly-formed private schools and through the efforts of men like Augustine, Jerome and Bas i l .

Tradi t ion Preserved. The classical t radi t ion, dying,

did not die. The spark of life was kept alive i n i t not by the perishing paganism, but by the youthful, hopeful Chr is t ian i ty . B y the seventh century paganism had died and Chr is t ian i ty was a great power. The Church could then, or long before i f she had so willed, have destroy­ed the Classics. She could have burned them i f she would. But she had no desire to destroy them. On the contrary, her monk's treasured them, copied them, multiplied them, spread them. Tnat was the alloted work of mona­stic copyists in the scriptoria of hundreds of monasteries through­out Europe. The Church, in her monastic schools, taught the clas­sics to the barbarians, who gradu­ally were moulded by their c ivi l is ­ing, refining influence.

" It has ever been the tradition of these schools to regard the Classics as the best known forma­tive intellectual force to provide clear thinking, logical reasoning.

(Continued at foot of Col. 3)

M A L A Y A CATHOLIC L E A D E R , SATURDAY, MARCH 2nd 1935.

M A L A Y A CATHOLIC L E A D E R , S A T U R D A Y , MARCH 2nd 1935.

Y o u n g P e o p l e ' s M A L A Y A N B U T T E R F L I E S .

Wh<?n a butterfly pays a flying call to your garden, as a rule, it is most unconcernedly—if you fcotiee it at all—that you look at the visi tor . If, however, i t be some large-Winged species which displays r ich blazing colours, then, for a moment, your interest is roused up. But , hardly has the l i t t le wandering fairy gone over the hedge you no longer th ink of it.

In our town-gardens, so remote from primaeval forests and there­fore so poor i n plants attractive to them, butterflies are constantly of the same range: generally swift P A P I L I O S wi th tailed black wings bearing large white patches; lazy E U P L O E A S which hov^f near the ground and display to the sun the deep purple of their rounded wings ; "Whi tes" tumbling from bush to bush l ike madcaps; tawny J U N O N I A S proud of thei r large opened and white-pupilled "pea­cock" spots; besides but rather scarce, a few species of the numer­ous family of the L Y C A E N I D A E , commonly known as the "Blues." I don't mention one or two ubiquit­ous H E S P E R I I D A E which are very fond of settl ing on the walls i n the dark corners of the houses.

There you have, i n short, the l is t o f "c iv i l i sed" butterflies which frequent our towns and surround­ings.

Would you like to form a larger and more intimate acquaintance w i t h this interesting and lovely tr ibe of insects? -Make v for the deep forest which s t i l l cover hun­dreds o f square miles of the hi l ly plains and the slopes of the moun­tains in the " u l u , " ; and then from 10 i n the morning t i l l sunset, wan­der at leisure up and down along the narrow shady paths which steal their way through thickets of thorny shrubs and ferns: walk slowly and be on the look out for Great black-bluish Memmon i n company wi th other species of a sooty-black w i th a white spot on their hind-wings skim along the path i n a blunt and large zigzag course while others, st i l l of a larger size, soar above in wide circles, al­most motionless on their powerful wings, of which the second pair shines l ike gold in the sun. These gorgeous insects are the princes of the P A P I L I O t r ibe ; they are the famous O R N I T H O P T E R A or bird-winged butterfles. Amongst them the most magnificently arrayed, at least in Malaya , the Ornithoptera brookeana—discovered by the great naturalist and friend of Darwin . A. R . Wallace near the mines of Simunjon, in Sarawak—was found, in 1878 at Gopeng (Perak) by S i r H u g h L o w . TJhis marvellous in ­sect, o f a velvety black, has its elongated forewings crossed by a band of tr iangular metallic spots which are now of a dark blue and green, now of a resplendent l ight green, according to the angle from which you look at i t . Brookeana, generally, is met in the neighbour­hood of pools formed by the water which trickles down from hot-springs. They congregate there, sometimes hundreds at a t ime very busy in sucking the moisture from the mud.

In the shade, a mi lky trans­parent butterfly gently glides down like a sheet of tissue paper and then flapping its huge falcate wings goes up again to the tree tops. Th i s is the biggest of our D A N A I D A E , and is called 'Hestia* or, to give it its Malay nickname, the " K u p u Kertas ." Its next of k in , almost its replica in miniature, is the Ideopsis of which hundreds hover from flower to flower along the track and in the clearings on the hi l l slopes.

Rama-Rayna.

(To be continued).

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TO A B A D L I T T L E B O Y .

B y George S. Morrow.

"Come and tell me what you d id ; Do not t ry to keep i t h i d ; I can see your face is long, Tel l ing me .that something's wrong It's as plain as plain can be Y o u are hiding things from me

"In the drooping of your eyes I can see some mischief lies. Once I was a boy like you Doing things I shouldn't do. So I ' l l help you all I can. Come and tell me, l i t t le man.

"Brace r ight up and let i t go; Y o u ' l l feel better i f I know; A n d I ' l l feel much better, too, Knowing I am helping you. Speak right out and have no

fear There's no one but me to hear."

This was told me, word by word, Which nearly every boy has heard, F r o m the age of nine or ten T i l l he takes his place wi th men. Times have changed and now mv

dad Has no little boy that's bad

Now this little boy has grown To have children of his own, A n d he tells his l i t t le son, When some mischief he has done: "Brace r ight up and let i t go: You ' l l feel better i f I know.

"Just remember, son, and be Not afraid to come to me; No one cares as much for you A s your dad and mother do; A n d ' tis I who should be the one F i r s t to hear what you have done."

ST. F R A N C I S S O L A N O A N D T H E L I O N .

St. Francis Solano, one of the most zealous of Catholic missiona­ries, was born in Cordova, Spain, in the sixteenth century. E a r l y in boyhood he expressed a wish to enter the religious life, and his desire to imitate Jesus found its realisation when he became a mis­sionary member of the Order of St. Francis.

A s a boy, St. Francis Solano was noted for his modest behaviour, his prudent silence and edifying meek­ness. Whi le st i l l very young, he was always able to effect a recon­ciliation between the most bitter enemies.

A popular legend has it that one day, when he was st i l l a student, he came upon two Spaniards who were engaged in deadly strife. W i t h daggers drawn, they attacked each other, and a tragedy was im­minent. The boy, heedless of his own danger, threw himself be­tween the two infuriated men, c ry ing :—

"Brothers, shethe your weap­ons, I pray you."

A n d , fal l ing upon his knees, he prayed wi th such fervour that the hearts of the combatants were touched and they became recon­ciled to one another.

In the year 1589 he sailed for South Amer ica to preach the Gos­pel to the Indians in Peru . Whi le some distance from the shore, the ship struck a ledge of rocks. The captain hurried the officers and principal passengers into the only lifeboat there was.

"Come wi th us," he said to the missionary.

St. Francis replied:— "Sir , you have done your duty ;

now I shall do mine. I w i l l stav here wi th thgse lesser creatures until you return."

Then, turning to the poor pas­sengers who remained, he be­sought them to have trust in God's mercy, saying that He would not allow them to perish.

F o r three days the vessel re­mained afloat, although when the captain had left it the ship was in danger of almost immediate sink­ing. A t last the captain arrived wi th more life boats, and then, as the last passenger left the ship, i t began to sink.

St. Francis began his n ^ s i o n a r y -

duties at once, and more than nine thousand Indians were converted through his zeal and eloquence and earnestness.

God gave St. Francis a marvel­lous power over wild beasts. One time his zeal for converts took h i m into the wi ld forest country, which was inhabited not only by cruel and bloodthirsty Indians, but also by jungle beasts. The Indians in the village which the saint had marked for his own were determined to be revenged upon the white men, whom they hated because of the cruelty of the first Spanish sett­lers.

A runner brought news to the tribe that the Whi te Fa ther was nearing their village. Warr io rs and the hunters of the tribe ga­thered at the farther end of the village to await the coming of the missionary. Suddenly someone cried :

" "See, he comes!" A n d the figure of the saint appeared, just at the edge of the jungle which bordered on the village.

All young people need milk every

day:

f o r p r e f e r e n c e

"MILKMAID

MILK.

Nero's Time Brought Back in Spain by Communists October 19?4.

(ream H U c U .

LEE BI/CUIT/ U?

"But look behind h im," cried another, and even the warriors were terrified at the sight.

Back of the saint, stealthily i stalking along, was a lion, a man- | eater, which had terrorised the Indians for days. H i s great jaws were sl ightly parted; he crept along behind the saint, awaiting for a chance to spring upon him. j A n d then the miracle happened, j St. Francis turned around and, ra is ing his hand, blessed the lion. | A n d as he spoke the great beast | approached, licked his hand, and I then turned off into the jungle.

St. Francis gained the admira­tion of the Indians by this mani­festation of his powers, and it was an easy matter for h im to over­come their distrust of h im and to b r ing them to a realisation of the things of God.

(From Catholic Fireside.)

Dur ing the communist outburst in the Spanish Province of the Asturias, (October last,) atrocities were committed which recalled the bloody orgies of Emperor Nero.

To give a few instances: a priest, F r . Vil lanueva, Director of a Seminary, was sprinkled wi th petrol by the Redjs and burnt a l ive; another priest was hanged to a butcher's-hook in a stall w i th the b i l l : Pork for sale; another one cut out to pieces had his remains exposed as butcher's meat. These same Communists also blew up two Convents with their inmates,—poor defenceless nuns,—whom they previously had violated.

In a village, they forced a priest to celebrate a Requiem Mass near the bj^nk of a trench where they hadi piled up the st i l l warm bodies of their v ic t ims; and as he was pronouncing the last prayers, they felled h im wi th a double shot i n the back.

Some soldiers who had fallen in to their hands were first scalped, then beheaded and the heads thrown, as toys, to the mob. Policemen were fastened to trees and blown up wi th dynamite, etc., etc.

It has been said that in the only c i ty of Oviedo the people slaugh­tered by the Communists reached 2,000.

F o r the edification of our readers we reprint below, from T H E R O C K , an account wri t ten by the Superior of the Jesuit Fathers of some of these s t i l l recent events which took place in the North-western part of Spain. ( E d . M . C . L . ) .

<A G R A P H I C A C C O U N T . ' ( B y F r . Enr ique Carvaja l , SJ.) I am wr i t i ng this in order to

make known how the members of the Society of Jesus fared in Astur ias , the principal theatre of the recent revolution, and especial­ly to give an account of the shoot­ing—may we not call i t the martyrdom ?—of F r . E m i l i o M a r ­tinez and Brother Juan Arconada.

Definite news of their death, which took place on the 7th October, did not reach me unti l the 23rd and I determined to travel at once to Astur ias to see for myself how matters stood there. No one who is aware of the intensity of what was nothing less than a c iv i l war w i l l be surprised at the news being so long delayed, for, not only was Astur ias completely isolated from the rest of Spain, but com­munications between the various towns,, of the province were inter­rupted during the conflict. E v e n in Oviedo no one knew what was happening in the next street.

We began to suspect that some­thing serious must have happened to F r . Martinez and B r . Arconada, when we learned that the strain from Carrion, where the one had been giving, the other making, a Retreat, had been stopped by re­volutionaries at U j o ; but i t was impossible to make any inquiries until the troops had taken this town and civil ians were allowed to enter.

When communications had been re-established—though only to a very limited extent—the Superior at Gijon at once obtained a m i l i ­tary pass for F r . Gomez del Castillo and B r . Egozcoe, who, tracing step by step the path fol­lowed by the dead priest and brother, were enabled to piece to­gether th story of their last days on earth.

T oive the report of F r . Gomez del Castillo in his own words:—

" On the 4th October F r . E m i l i o and Br. Arconada were returning from Carrion on the Madr id -Gijon express. They left Palencia a t 4 n.m., and instead of a r r iv ing at Giion at 10 o'clock the same JiVht, thev only reached U j o at £ 4 5 on the morning of the 5th. The rovolutionaries would not allow the t ra in to proceed further. F r Martinez and B r . Arconada,

however, managed to get away from the station. They inquired for the house of Senor Muniz , a good Catholic whose sons are pupils at one of our colleges, but i t was to the house of another gentleman of the same name they were directed. He received them kindly, provided F r . Mart inez w i th civi l ian clothes and kept them both as guests for two days. (In ac­cordance wi th the usual Spanish custom, B r . Arconada was travel­l ing in civi l ian at t ire) .

" On Sunday the 7th, at about 9.30 a.m., members of the Revolu­tionary Committee* arr ived to search the house for arms, and Senor Muniz , w i th his son-in-law, was taken away under arrest. Whi le the search was i n progress, F r . Emi l io and B r . Arconada, fear­ing that their presence might compromise the family, slipped away and took refuge in another house near the station. Here they remained only a quarter of an hour, for the place did not appear sufficiently safe; and on the advice of Senor Junquera, of Gijon, a re­fugee like themselves, they finally decided to make for Oviedo.

" A l l three took to flight, mak­ing their way along the slope of a h i l l for over an hour. Towards 12 o'clock th^y descended by a lane called Tejera to the main road at the rai lway terminus of Santul-lano. A few minutes later they were arrested at the bridge and brought to the Town H a l l , where F r . Emi l io and Br . Arconada were condemned to death merely be­cause they were religious. Senor Junquera would have been con­demned also as a Fascist , but an old foreman from the mines, Jose Iglesias, spoke in his defence, and he was set at liberty w i th a safe-conduct which F r . Mart inez wrote and which the revolutionaries signed wi th a crass, as they knew little or nothing about the use of the pen. Iglesias spoke also on behalf of the Father and Brother, urging in defence of the former that his life was dedicated to the service of the workers and their chi ldren; but he failed to move the Revolutionary Committee. They maintained the sentence of death, calling the victims 1 deceivers of the people.'

" The prisoners were kept in the Town Ha l l for ten hours, during which time they had to endure many insults, and listen to hor­rible blasphemies against God. In the evening they asked for a l i t t le coffee and milk as they had taken nothing since breakfast. This was brought by some poor women, who were insulted as they passed by the three armed sentries on duty outside.

" Towards 10 o'clock they were removed in a small lorry. Upon ar r iv ing at the Lacoca pit-head, near the entrance to Mieres, they were ordered to get down, one of the guards remarking: * This is the end of the journey/ There, on the roadside close to the pit­head, seeing the guards were about to shoot them, the two embraced and then calmly faced the rifles wi th a cry of V i v a Cristo Rey ! ( " L o n g L i v e Christ the K i n g ! " ) .

" They fell mortally wounded, and were finally despatched wi th blows of the rifle butts. Af te r ­wards, the bodies were brought to the cemetery of Mieres where they were thrown on the ground and left unburied until the evening of the 8th. They were then buried in the one grave, together wi th the murdered body of Don Tomas Escribano, a sergeant of the Civil. Guard.

" I made all these inquiries on the 22nd of October in company wi th B r . Joaquim Egozcoe, inter­rogating numerous people, who had seen the two either making their way along the hillside or descend­ing to the main road, or actually being arrested on the bridge of Santullano. We visi ted and care­fully examined the place of the shooting. W e spoke to the work­man who heard the rifle-shots, and to his wife who washed up the blood at the Lacoca pit-head on the morning of the 8th. They gave us a detailed description of F r . E m i l i o and B r . Arconada. Next , we went to the cemetery of Mieres, where the grave-digger also described them and pointed out the grave where their mortal remains lay, wi th those of Ser­geant Escribano. A s a result of these investigations made on the 22nd, we became morally certain that the two had been barbarously and cruelly shot because they were religious and Jesuits..

We think, therefore, that i t is un­just and unhistorical to trace the classical decadence to early Chris­t ian i ty ; rather are we indebted to early Chris t iani ty for preserving the Classical tradition through cen­turies of turmoil and social revolu­tion." Dr . Shine concluded.

(Yorkshire Post) .

Principles and Practices of Piety. Confidence.

We must not be anxious about what wi l l become of us, but must establish ourselves in that holy joy infused by confidence in the Providence of God. The Bread Of Heaven.

Pour forth on us, O Lord , the Spiri t of Thy Love, that those whom Thou hast fed and streng­thened • wi th this bread from heaven may be enabled to despise all earthly things, and wi th clean hearts to seek after Thee, the only God.

St. Bonaventure.

C L A S S I C S ' D E B T T O T H E M O N K S

Dr . Shine's Address at H u l l " I t is unjust and unhistorical to

trace the classical decadence to early Chr is t ian i ty ," said Dr . Shine, Roman Catholic Bishop of Middles­brough (formerly Canon Shine, of St. Anne's Cathedral, Leeds) i n a presidential address delivered to Hu l l Classical Association, at the Univers i ty College one night.

Speaking on "The Classics and the E a r l y Church ." D r . Shine said the world had never seen a human organisation so admirable and so perfect as the Empi re over which Augustus had ruled for 44 years, and which he bequeathed to Tiberius.

The Empi re took 200 years to arrive at perfection. A t i ts height it gave the world men of l i te­rary genius, Cicero, V i r g i l , Horace, Ovid, who found their richest inspiration i n the greatness of Rome. That . Roman l i terary greatness that classical growth which flourished i n such favourable conditions, was the outcome of Hellenism, that revival i n the East was vigorously before the begin­ning of Chr is t ian i ty . In the West the Hellenic t radi t ion reached its highest development through the work of Cicero, and became the foundation of European classical learning. Chr i s t i an i ty and He l ­lenism were two different things. A t first sight they would seem to be incompatible. The Greek at the best period of pagan learning was rat ional is t ic ; the Chr is t ian relied on authori ty. The Greek lived for this world, the Chris t ian for the next. There came about a change i n Greek thought and the Greek attitude to life which fac i l i ­tated an entente, i f not a synthesis, between Hellenism and Chris t ia­ni ty. Reliance on authori ty be­gan to take the place of rationa­l i s m : the fact that Plato had taught a certain doctrine was re­garded as reason enough for ac­cepting i t .

D r . Shine said that the decline in Classical learning was consequ­ent on the decline, of the Empire . The only means of preserving the classical t rad i t ion was through newly-formed private schools and through the efforts of men like Augustine, Jerome and Bas i l .

Tradi t ion Preserved. The classical t radi t ion, dying,

did not die. The spark of life was kept alive i n i t not by the perishing paganism, but by the youthful, hopeful Chr is t ian i ty . B y the seventh century paganism had died and Chr is t ian i ty was a great power. The Church could then, or long before i f she had so willed, have destroy­ed the Classics. She could have burned them i f she would. But she had no desire to destroy them. On the contrary, her monk's treasured them, copied them, multiplied them, spread them. Tnat was the alloted work of mona­stic copyists in the scriptoria of hundreds of monasteries through­out Europe. The Church, in her monastic schools, taught the clas­sics to the barbarians, who gradu­ally were moulded by their c ivi l is ­ing, refining influence.

" It has ever been the tradition of these schools to regard the Classics as the best known forma­tive intellectual force to provide clear thinking, logical reasoning.

(Continued at foot of Col. 3)

6 M A L A Y A CATHOLIC L E A D E R , SATURDAY, MARCH 2nd 1935.

ST. ANSCHAR'S CHURCH TO-DAY. (Continued from page 15.)

State reserves the r ight to grant official recognition to members of the clergy in the various communi­ties. About two-thirds of the Catholics in Denmark are Danish by bir th , but since 1895 there has been a strong Pol ish immigration. These latter remain attached to their own language and customs, w i th the result that between them and the Danes there is a notice­able division, visible sometimes in Catholic activities.

Catholics i n Denmark, though for the most part taken from the lower class of society, enjoy a fair degree of prosperity.

authorities recognize the Vicar Apostolic of Oslo and the two Dis t r ic t Superiors; they recognize also the parish priests and allow them ample liberty i n conducting their religious functions. The Jesuits, however, are st i l l banned, and Catholics are not allowed *to assume the direction of state schools. There is i n the Protest­antism of the nation a strong cur­rent i n favour of Catholicism, which is linked wi th a glorious era of Norwegian history. Though conditions are relatively favour­able, the progress of the Church is slow, due, among many other rea­sons, to the small number of priests and to the lack of a strong

Greenland, discovered in the year 981 by E r i c the Red, a Nor­wegian outlaw, and christianized by his son L e i f who brought missionaries from Norway, had 18 Catholic bishops before the "Re­formation." Denmark controls the country and keeps i t closed against all outside nations, and Danish laws in force prohibit mis­sionaries from entering. It is be­lieved that these rigorous restrictions were imposed because of a disturbance occasioned by the intemperate zeal of a sect called the Hernhuttens. A t any rate, there is little to be done at present except to hope for a mitigation of the laws and to pray for the day when missionary work may be carried on among the eskimos. In Greenland there are 16,222 natives and 408 Danes.

people are not bigoted, they have clung to their old Catholic tradi­tions, they are religious by nature, have a strong sfense of Chris t ian chari ty and their isloated position has kept them from being spoilt by the new paganism.

* * * * It is for the struggling Church

ir* these countries of the Nor th that the Holy Father has askfed the Catholic world to pray wi th special fervour during February, and wi th them he has included Fin land and the other nations of the Bal t ic .

F in land, wi th 3,500,000 inhabit­ants, has only 1,400 Catholics. A bishop, who rules as V ica r Aposto­lic , has a diocesan personnel of eight priests, three brothers and twelve sisters.

1 Though Sweden has over six

mil l ion subjects, only four thousand are Catholics. Twenty-two priests, eight brothers and 119 -sisters, wi th a bishop a t the head of the vicariate, are doing their best to extend the Church . Progress, however,, cannot be des­cribed as extraordinary.

Swedish Catholics live peace­fully wi th their Protestarrt country­men, and relations wi th the Gov­ernment are good. It can be said, nevertheless, that Sweden is the most intolerant of present-day Lutheran countries. Ant i -Catho­lics laws are st i l l i n force and hinder the quiet spread of the fai th . Convents and religious orders are officially banned. L u ­theranism, as the State Religion, enjoys all sorts of privileges and favours. The municipal registers are controlled by Lutheran past­ors, and this" means that Catholics must go to them to obtain the various certificates requisite for business transactions, contracting marriage, & c , Converts to Catholi­cism, i f employed by the State, r u n ; the r isk of losing their position. The c iv i l laws require that i n the case of mixed marriage the children are to be brought up Lutherans, unless both parties s ign an explicit declaration to the contrary. Though the press is generally indifferent i n it»- re l i ­gious views i t attacks the Catho­lic Church every now and then. School text-books are stamped wi th the same spirit of bigotry. Sweden, i t w i l l also be recalled, is one of the countries more promi­nent in supporting Protestant foreign missions.

~ Norway has 2,800 Catholics i n a total population of two-and-a-half millions. Since 1931 the country has been divided into three ecclesi­astical territories, of which Oslo is a Vicariate ruled by a bishop; the other two, the Distr ict of Central Norway and the Dist r ic t of Northern Norway, are under the direction of local Superiors. The Church here has 'one bishop, 38 priests, one brother and 482 sisters.

H i e Lutheranism St ftbrway is not nearly so fanatic in its attitude towards the Catholic Church as i t is in Sweden. The

The 12th Century Cathedral of Hamar, Norway, Destroyed in 16th Century.

Catholic organization. More thorough development of the Ca­tholic press wouid aid greatly, i t is believed.

Iceland, with an area nearly equal to that of Kentucky and a population of 108,644, has 276 Catholics.; There is one bishop, five priests, two brothers and 31 sisters.

The Catholics enjoy absolute liberty in their religious life. The authorities are , well disposed towards Catholics, the Lutheran pastors no longer show the cfld aversion towards missionaries, and it can be s a * d that were it not for the almost total lack of means of communication on the island the Church would advance much more rapidly. The net increase of Catholics during the period June 1932-June 1933 was 45. The Ca­tholic Cathedral of Reykjavik, the most attractive religious edifice in Iceland, was consecrated in 1929 by Cardinal V a n Rossum, Prefect of the Congregation of Propa­ganda.

* * ::- *

The Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic, 300 miles north of the Shetlands, belong to Denmark and are considered a part of the Scan­dinavian countries. They cover an area of 540 square miles and have a population of 24,200. The religion is .Lutheran.

Christianity reached these isles about the year 1,000. There were 23 bishops before the "Reforma­t ion ;" monasteries and convents stood on all the 24 islands. In 1857 when the Prefecture Apos­tolic of the Nor th Pole was erect­ed, a missionary went to the Faroe islands and during his residence of 12 years there won eight con­verts. Two Dutch secular priests and ten Franciscan Missionaries of Mary represent the Church on the islands at present. Three years ago there were no Catholics in the Faroe, but five persons are now preparing for baptism, and the Sisters have 110 non-Catholic children attending their school. The missionaries say that the prospects are good because the

Lutheranism and the Russian Orthodox rite are recognized as religions of the State. Freedom of worship is granted to all other 'denominations, but convents are banned, and this latter part of the law makes Catholic missionary work particularly difficult inas­much as it prevents the erection of Sisters' schools and stands in the way of hospital work.

Estonia, a former Russian pro­vince but now an independent re­public covers an area equal approximately to that of Vermont and N e w Hampshire. Of its total population of 1,119,518, only 3,000 are Catholics. La tv ia , like­wise a former Russian province, is 18% Catholic. Li thuania , though a Bal t ic country, can hardly be in­cluded wi th these Lutheran lands since its population of 2,340,000 is Catholic by 8 1 ^ .

M A L A Y A CATHOLIC L E A D E R , SATURDAY, M A R C H 2nd 1935.

CORRESPONDENCE [The M.C.L. does not necessarily

endorse the opinions expressed by cor­respondents. Correspondents are re­quested to adhere to the topic of their letters and to avoid long rambling epistles. Pen names may be used but,, in every case, the name and address of the uriter must accompany each con­tribution, not essentially for publication but as a token of good faith.}

To The Editor,

Malaya Catholic Leader.

FILM A N D CATHOLIC ACTION.

Sir, H i s Holiness Pope Pius X I wrote

25th A p r i l , 1934:— " The discoveries of Science are

also the gifts of God which we must use for His glory and the ex­tension of His Kingdom.

Catholics of all countries of the world ought to consider i t a duty i n conscience to busy themselves wi th this question which is grow­ing i n importance. The Cinema is going to become the greatest and the most efficacious means of i n ­fluence, «more efficacious even than the press, for some films are seen by millions of people. It is there­fore highly desirable that organis­ed Catholics should occupy them­selves constantly wi th the Cinema i n their meetings to promote Catholic Act ion and their pro­grammes of study."

On reading this letter the loyal Catholic might excusably heave a sigh of relief. Owing to the great American Boycott much has been said for and against the Cinema. Some have deplored its influence, others accepted it, but entirely misunderstood its power and there­fore its danger. Bu t amid this mass of conflicting opinion one thing is now clear, that the Holy Father not only encourages that i t is our duty to use i t in the Apos-tolate. This in itself is a step for­ward, and wi l l relieve many a dubious conscience.

W e in Malaya since the Catholic Action movement started, our con­sciences have been disturbed and we are now in a quandary to know which film is r ight or wrong to see, I am open to correction, I wonder if there are any Catholics on the board of censors, i f there are, would it not be possible for the board of censors to inform the Catholic Cinema Public that the picture in question has been passed by the Catholic Censors as done in the U.S .A.

A t times t ruth is sometimes sacrificed to make a picture, more convincing—to take as an example there is Queen Chris t ina wi th Greta Garbo which had crowded houses wherever presented in Malaya. Historically Queen Chris­tina vacated the Swedish throne to become a Catholic. But how did Hollywood hope to deal with such a situatuion? So Hollywood re­writes history to suit the pro­ducers, and Queen Chris t ina has a disgraceful affair wi th the Spanish Ambassador, and for the love of him and not the Almigh ty rel in­quishes the throne in favour of her cousin.

A relentless war must be waged in defence of truth. This is the first objective of Catholic F i lm Action, and how else can i t be at­tained except by a courageous and concerted offensive on the part of Catholic Actionists and their Papers? " " The misconstruction and wil ­

ful misinterpretation of motives " writes Paul Dehn, referring to the above picture in the Summer Number of Young People " is not only an insult to the l iv ing . It militates very violently against the cannons of artistic integri ty."

Let us therefore organise our forces in Malaya like the Legion of Decency in the U . S . A . and with our Press, this concerted policy of the Press and Catholic action has yet to mature, who is going to give the lead?

How shall we start? The Holy Father again points the way, in the interview to the International

T O O U R R E A D E R S .

We feel gratified to receive a liberal quota of news this week from various sources. Much as we would like to include all these items of news in our columns, the limited space on hand precludes us from doing so.

Some contributions are held over for publication in our next issue, while others have been ex­cised in parts owing to want of space or toned down to be conson­ant with our policy. Contributors are kindly reminded that news relating to personal events should be brief and to the point, as much space cannot be devoted to indivi­dual incidents in a weekly news­paper of limited size.

We thank heartily our readers for the l ive ly support they are ac­cording us.—Ed. M . C. L .

Federation of the Cinema Press, he said. " It is not a question of producing religious films. It is necessary instead that the whole cinema should be moral and educa­tive." In other words, our pre­sent need is not Catholic Fi lms but films made by Catholics. We need Catholic film artists, etc., Catholics i n fine who understand film and who are prepared to earn their livelihood in the medium." How are we to know that the films i n Malaya are produced by Catholic artists unless we have certified Catholic Censors on the Board of Censors in Singapore.

The more the Catholic Public understands film technique, the more i t wi l l despise film pro­paganda. That is why we are convinced that an important branch of Catholic Actionists should exist in all centres, in co­operation with the Powers—that be—Associations be formed i n Malaya as in Belgium such as L e Bureau International de Produc­tion of Brussels and L'Office Catholique Internationale de Cine­matographic under Cannon Brohee. Let us get busy,—Yours etc.,—

s : ft C.V.R.

A N A P P E A L T O C A T H O L I C S .

You are a Cathoilc, and there­fore ought to take an inter­est in Catholic affairs. In com­mon wi th all Catholics, you are liable to forget Catholic teaching and the doctrines of the Catholic Church. Reading Catholic papers and other Catholic works wi l l re­mind you. You wi l l re-learn what you ought to know and may have forgotten.

We all admire great men. But what is sti l l better than admira­tion, they spur us on to copy their lives. In the lives of our saints, heroes and great men, you wil l find the highest types this world has ever produced. Occasionally you wil l meet sketches of these in -the Catholic papers.

Y o u have a family? Tra in them when young to read sound litera­ture, by putting it in their hands every week. The devil wi l l see to the distribution of bad literature, and it is much to be feared that his agents put us to shame by their activity and dogged per­sistence. Speaking generally, all read nowadays. I f we don't read what is edifying, we are sure to read what is not.

What are we doing for God, for the Catholic cause and for our children? Let every Catholic

B0USTEAD & CO. LTD.

AGENTS FOR:—

THE

ROYAL INSURANCE

CO- LTD.

THE LONDON &

LANCASHIRE

INSURANCE CO., LTD.

A L L C L A S S E S O F I N S U R A N C E .

(Fire, Motor, Personal Accident, Fidelity. Guarantee, Burglary, Baggage, Workmen's Compensation)

transacted.

reader of this paper stand by our promoters and show their appre­ciation at least to the extent of spending only 10 cents a week! How many 10 cents are spent fool­ishly? Aye , and dollars! Well , then, it is nothing extraordinary to spend a few cents in supplying you family with good, clean Catho­lic reading. Here we always learn something good; as a result of that knowledge, we frequently do something good.

Surely, for Catholics, no one can say that political news, how­ever engrossing, is of more im­portance than Catholic news, Ca­tholic doctrine, Catholic piety. Ye t thousands expend not merely 10 cents a week, more often over 10 cents a day for the purpose of comparing the political items of different papers. Nothing there­fore can be more reasonable than our proposal to spend at least 10 cents weekly on some Catholic reading.

You can always have a variety of reading matter: Catholic papers, magazines (weekly and

monthly), booklets, pamphlets, (devotional and doctrinal), lives of saints etc. If you happen to fal l across something exceptionally good, hand it round to a neighbour just as you would hand round a box of cigarettes to your friends. Good reading has been called a spiritual feast. Invite your friends to that banquet. A good book has been known to reform a life where great preachers had failed. Therefore support your own Catholic paper.

Dear Reader of the Malaya Catholic Leader, is your friend a subscriber to this periodical? Please show this copy to your friends and recommend them to get the M . C . L . regularly—the Catholic paper for the Catholic home wi th pages of interest for the oldest down to the youngest. It is receiving much appreciation from various classes of readers, local foreign, and you, C A N help to extend its good work against Paganism, Bolshevism and Communism. gs

M I C H A E L J . C H O N G .

6 M A L A Y A CATHOLIC L E A D E R , SATURDAY, MARCH 2nd 1935.

ST. ANSCHAR'S CHURCH TO-DAY. (Continued from page 15.)

State reserves the r ight to grant official recognition to members of the clergy in the various communi­ties. About two-thirds of the Catholics in Denmark are Danish by bir th , but since 1895 there has been a strong Pol ish immigration. These latter remain attached to their own language and customs, w i th the result that between them and the Danes there is a notice­able division, visible sometimes in Catholic activities.

Catholics i n Denmark, though for the most part taken from the lower class of society, enjoy a fair degree of prosperity.

authorities recognize the Vicar Apostolic of Oslo and the two Dis t r ic t Superiors; they recognize also the parish priests and allow them ample liberty i n conducting their religious functions. The Jesuits, however, are st i l l banned, and Catholics are not allowed *to assume the direction of state schools. There is i n the Protest­antism of the nation a strong cur­rent i n favour of Catholicism, which is linked wi th a glorious era of Norwegian history. Though conditions are relatively favour­able, the progress of the Church is slow, due, among many other rea­sons, to the small number of priests and to the lack of a strong

Greenland, discovered in the year 981 by E r i c the Red, a Nor­wegian outlaw, and christianized by his son L e i f who brought missionaries from Norway, had 18 Catholic bishops before the "Re­formation." Denmark controls the country and keeps i t closed against all outside nations, and Danish laws in force prohibit mis­sionaries from entering. It is be­lieved that these rigorous restrictions were imposed because of a disturbance occasioned by the intemperate zeal of a sect called the Hernhuttens. A t any rate, there is little to be done at present except to hope for a mitigation of the laws and to pray for the day when missionary work may be carried on among the eskimos. In Greenland there are 16,222 natives and 408 Danes.

people are not bigoted, they have clung to their old Catholic tradi­tions, they are religious by nature, have a strong sfense of Chris t ian chari ty and their isloated position has kept them from being spoilt by the new paganism.

* * * * It is for the struggling Church

ir* these countries of the Nor th that the Holy Father has askfed the Catholic world to pray wi th special fervour during February, and wi th them he has included Fin land and the other nations of the Bal t ic .

F in land, wi th 3,500,000 inhabit­ants, has only 1,400 Catholics. A bishop, who rules as V ica r Aposto­lic , has a diocesan personnel of eight priests, three brothers and twelve sisters.

1 Though Sweden has over six

mil l ion subjects, only four thousand are Catholics. Twenty-two priests, eight brothers and 119 -sisters, wi th a bishop a t the head of the vicariate, are doing their best to extend the Church . Progress, however,, cannot be des­cribed as extraordinary.

Swedish Catholics live peace­fully wi th their Protestarrt country­men, and relations wi th the Gov­ernment are good. It can be said, nevertheless, that Sweden is the most intolerant of present-day Lutheran countries. Ant i -Catho­lics laws are st i l l i n force and hinder the quiet spread of the fai th . Convents and religious orders are officially banned. L u ­theranism, as the State Religion, enjoys all sorts of privileges and favours. The municipal registers are controlled by Lutheran past­ors, and this" means that Catholics must go to them to obtain the various certificates requisite for business transactions, contracting marriage, & c , Converts to Catholi­cism, i f employed by the State, r u n ; the r isk of losing their position. The c iv i l laws require that i n the case of mixed marriage the children are to be brought up Lutherans, unless both parties s ign an explicit declaration to the contrary. Though the press is generally indifferent i n it»- re l i ­gious views i t attacks the Catho­lic Church every now and then. School text-books are stamped wi th the same spirit of bigotry. Sweden, i t w i l l also be recalled, is one of the countries more promi­nent in supporting Protestant foreign missions.

~ Norway has 2,800 Catholics i n a total population of two-and-a-half millions. Since 1931 the country has been divided into three ecclesi­astical territories, of which Oslo is a Vicariate ruled by a bishop; the other two, the Distr ict of Central Norway and the Dist r ic t of Northern Norway, are under the direction of local Superiors. The Church here has 'one bishop, 38 priests, one brother and 482 sisters.

H i e Lutheranism St ftbrway is not nearly so fanatic in its attitude towards the Catholic Church as i t is in Sweden. The

The 12th Century Cathedral of Hamar, Norway, Destroyed in 16th Century.

Catholic organization. More thorough development of the Ca­tholic press wouid aid greatly, i t is believed.

Iceland, with an area nearly equal to that of Kentucky and a population of 108,644, has 276 Catholics.; There is one bishop, five priests, two brothers and 31 sisters.

The Catholics enjoy absolute liberty in their religious life. The authorities are , well disposed towards Catholics, the Lutheran pastors no longer show the cfld aversion towards missionaries, and it can be s a * d that were it not for the almost total lack of means of communication on the island the Church would advance much more rapidly. The net increase of Catholics during the period June 1932-June 1933 was 45. The Ca­tholic Cathedral of Reykjavik, the most attractive religious edifice in Iceland, was consecrated in 1929 by Cardinal V a n Rossum, Prefect of the Congregation of Propa­ganda.

* * ::- *

The Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic, 300 miles north of the Shetlands, belong to Denmark and are considered a part of the Scan­dinavian countries. They cover an area of 540 square miles and have a population of 24,200. The religion is .Lutheran.

Christianity reached these isles about the year 1,000. There were 23 bishops before the "Reforma­t ion ;" monasteries and convents stood on all the 24 islands. In 1857 when the Prefecture Apos­tolic of the Nor th Pole was erect­ed, a missionary went to the Faroe islands and during his residence of 12 years there won eight con­verts. Two Dutch secular priests and ten Franciscan Missionaries of Mary represent the Church on the islands at present. Three years ago there were no Catholics in the Faroe, but five persons are now preparing for baptism, and the Sisters have 110 non-Catholic children attending their school. The missionaries say that the prospects are good because the

Lutheranism and the Russian Orthodox rite are recognized as religions of the State. Freedom of worship is granted to all other 'denominations, but convents are banned, and this latter part of the law makes Catholic missionary work particularly difficult inas­much as it prevents the erection of Sisters' schools and stands in the way of hospital work.

Estonia, a former Russian pro­vince but now an independent re­public covers an area equal approximately to that of Vermont and N e w Hampshire. Of its total population of 1,119,518, only 3,000 are Catholics. La tv ia , like­wise a former Russian province, is 18% Catholic. Li thuania , though a Bal t ic country, can hardly be in­cluded wi th these Lutheran lands since its population of 2,340,000 is Catholic by 8 1 ^ .

M A L A Y A CATHOLIC L E A D E R , SATURDAY, M A R C H 2nd 1935.

CORRESPONDENCE [The M.C.L. does not necessarily

endorse the opinions expressed by cor­respondents. Correspondents are re­quested to adhere to the topic of their letters and to avoid long rambling epistles. Pen names may be used but,, in every case, the name and address of the uriter must accompany each con­tribution, not essentially for publication but as a token of good faith.}

To The Editor,

Malaya Catholic Leader.

FILM A N D CATHOLIC ACTION.

Sir, H i s Holiness Pope Pius X I wrote

25th A p r i l , 1934:— " The discoveries of Science are

also the gifts of God which we must use for His glory and the ex­tension of His Kingdom.

Catholics of all countries of the world ought to consider i t a duty i n conscience to busy themselves wi th this question which is grow­ing i n importance. The Cinema is going to become the greatest and the most efficacious means of i n ­fluence, «more efficacious even than the press, for some films are seen by millions of people. It is there­fore highly desirable that organis­ed Catholics should occupy them­selves constantly wi th the Cinema i n their meetings to promote Catholic Act ion and their pro­grammes of study."

On reading this letter the loyal Catholic might excusably heave a sigh of relief. Owing to the great American Boycott much has been said for and against the Cinema. Some have deplored its influence, others accepted it, but entirely misunderstood its power and there­fore its danger. Bu t amid this mass of conflicting opinion one thing is now clear, that the Holy Father not only encourages that i t is our duty to use i t in the Apos-tolate. This in itself is a step for­ward, and wi l l relieve many a dubious conscience.

W e in Malaya since the Catholic Action movement started, our con­sciences have been disturbed and we are now in a quandary to know which film is r ight or wrong to see, I am open to correction, I wonder if there are any Catholics on the board of censors, i f there are, would it not be possible for the board of censors to inform the Catholic Cinema Public that the picture in question has been passed by the Catholic Censors as done in the U.S .A.

A t times t ruth is sometimes sacrificed to make a picture, more convincing—to take as an example there is Queen Chris t ina wi th Greta Garbo which had crowded houses wherever presented in Malaya. Historically Queen Chris­tina vacated the Swedish throne to become a Catholic. But how did Hollywood hope to deal with such a situatuion? So Hollywood re­writes history to suit the pro­ducers, and Queen Chris t ina has a disgraceful affair wi th the Spanish Ambassador, and for the love of him and not the Almigh ty rel in­quishes the throne in favour of her cousin.

A relentless war must be waged in defence of truth. This is the first objective of Catholic F i lm Action, and how else can i t be at­tained except by a courageous and concerted offensive on the part of Catholic Actionists and their Papers? " " The misconstruction and wil ­

ful misinterpretation of motives " writes Paul Dehn, referring to the above picture in the Summer Number of Young People " is not only an insult to the l iv ing . It militates very violently against the cannons of artistic integri ty."

Let us therefore organise our forces in Malaya like the Legion of Decency in the U . S . A . and with our Press, this concerted policy of the Press and Catholic action has yet to mature, who is going to give the lead?

How shall we start? The Holy Father again points the way, in the interview to the International

T O O U R R E A D E R S .

We feel gratified to receive a liberal quota of news this week from various sources. Much as we would like to include all these items of news in our columns, the limited space on hand precludes us from doing so.

Some contributions are held over for publication in our next issue, while others have been ex­cised in parts owing to want of space or toned down to be conson­ant with our policy. Contributors are kindly reminded that news relating to personal events should be brief and to the point, as much space cannot be devoted to indivi­dual incidents in a weekly news­paper of limited size.

We thank heartily our readers for the l ive ly support they are ac­cording us.—Ed. M . C. L .

Federation of the Cinema Press, he said. " It is not a question of producing religious films. It is necessary instead that the whole cinema should be moral and educa­tive." In other words, our pre­sent need is not Catholic Fi lms but films made by Catholics. We need Catholic film artists, etc., Catholics i n fine who understand film and who are prepared to earn their livelihood in the medium." How are we to know that the films i n Malaya are produced by Catholic artists unless we have certified Catholic Censors on the Board of Censors in Singapore.

The more the Catholic Public understands film technique, the more i t wi l l despise film pro­paganda. That is why we are convinced that an important branch of Catholic Actionists should exist in all centres, in co­operation with the Powers—that be—Associations be formed i n Malaya as in Belgium such as L e Bureau International de Produc­tion of Brussels and L'Office Catholique Internationale de Cine­matographic under Cannon Brohee. Let us get busy,—Yours etc.,—

s : ft C.V.R.

A N A P P E A L T O C A T H O L I C S .

You are a Cathoilc, and there­fore ought to take an inter­est in Catholic affairs. In com­mon wi th all Catholics, you are liable to forget Catholic teaching and the doctrines of the Catholic Church. Reading Catholic papers and other Catholic works wi l l re­mind you. You wi l l re-learn what you ought to know and may have forgotten.

We all admire great men. But what is sti l l better than admira­tion, they spur us on to copy their lives. In the lives of our saints, heroes and great men, you wil l find the highest types this world has ever produced. Occasionally you wil l meet sketches of these in -the Catholic papers.

Y o u have a family? Tra in them when young to read sound litera­ture, by putting it in their hands every week. The devil wi l l see to the distribution of bad literature, and it is much to be feared that his agents put us to shame by their activity and dogged per­sistence. Speaking generally, all read nowadays. I f we don't read what is edifying, we are sure to read what is not.

What are we doing for God, for the Catholic cause and for our children? Let every Catholic

B0USTEAD & CO. LTD.

AGENTS FOR:—

THE

ROYAL INSURANCE

CO- LTD.

THE LONDON &

LANCASHIRE

INSURANCE CO., LTD.

A L L C L A S S E S O F I N S U R A N C E .

(Fire, Motor, Personal Accident, Fidelity. Guarantee, Burglary, Baggage, Workmen's Compensation)

transacted.

reader of this paper stand by our promoters and show their appre­ciation at least to the extent of spending only 10 cents a week! How many 10 cents are spent fool­ishly? Aye , and dollars! Well , then, it is nothing extraordinary to spend a few cents in supplying you family with good, clean Catho­lic reading. Here we always learn something good; as a result of that knowledge, we frequently do something good.

Surely, for Catholics, no one can say that political news, how­ever engrossing, is of more im­portance than Catholic news, Ca­tholic doctrine, Catholic piety. Ye t thousands expend not merely 10 cents a week, more often over 10 cents a day for the purpose of comparing the political items of different papers. Nothing there­fore can be more reasonable than our proposal to spend at least 10 cents weekly on some Catholic reading.

You can always have a variety of reading matter: Catholic papers, magazines (weekly and

monthly), booklets, pamphlets, (devotional and doctrinal), lives of saints etc. If you happen to fal l across something exceptionally good, hand it round to a neighbour just as you would hand round a box of cigarettes to your friends. Good reading has been called a spiritual feast. Invite your friends to that banquet. A good book has been known to reform a life where great preachers had failed. Therefore support your own Catholic paper.

Dear Reader of the Malaya Catholic Leader, is your friend a subscriber to this periodical? Please show this copy to your friends and recommend them to get the M . C . L . regularly—the Catholic paper for the Catholic home wi th pages of interest for the oldest down to the youngest. It is receiving much appreciation from various classes of readers, local foreign, and you, C A N help to extend its good work against Paganism, Bolshevism and Communism. gs

M I C H A E L J . C H O N G .

8

W o m a n ' s P a g e WOMAN'S PART.

By His Grace The Archbishop of Liverpool.

(Second Instalment)

Not for nothing does the Church speak of the devout female sex. Woman is by nature religious, reverent, pious, and endowed with spirituality of outlook. If, indeed, the sins of the fathers be visited on the children to the gene­ration, there is Consolation in the thought that the virtues of the mothers are passed on to their chi l ­dren, and their children's children, not merely for three generations, but for t ime and eternity, for the mother's vision tends to penetrate beyond the flaming barriers of the world. In these days of revolt against law and order, of discipline and impatience of al l restraint, i t is for the Catholic woman to prove herself to be the true leaven of so­ciety. She needs, indeed, to be a Valiant Woman to withstand the pressure of public opinion, to set her face against impropriety, to put her hand to strong things, to aim at the cult of the good, the true and the beautiful, only to be written down an obscurantist, a reactionary, and, above all , nar-rGW-minded. Broadmindedness, she is told, is the spir i t of the age, and she is asked why she cannot be broadminded, like her sisters i n society. But what is this broad-mindedness? On analysis i t wi l l be found that what passes for i t is merely hopeless nebulosity of in ­tellect and staggering confusion of thought resulting from failure to think in a straight line even wi th regard to principles. One finds this mental vagueness running riot both in the realms of morals and doctrine, and i t is for the Catholic woman, perhaps even more than for the Catholic man, to resist this drift from first principles, arid to insist on the practical application in everyday life of the eternal ve­rities in the full knowledge that there are things which cannot be shaken, but must remain.

The sphere^^hnora ls is more particularly woman's domain, and it is for her to repel the insidious attack which is now being launched on the family as the fundamental unit of society. We have seen the organised efforts made in Soviet Russia to dissolve the bonds of fa­mily life in the alleged interests of the totalitarian state, and there are infiltrations of the Bolshevist movement in every civilized coun­try in the world to-day. There is, for instance, the pro­nounced tendency on the part of modern governments to override the inalienable rights of parents in the vital matter of the education of their children, and the marked secularist trend of i n ­struction and training in insti tu­tions for the needy or afflicted. This pagan attitude on the part of the powers that be is automatically reflected in the lives and conduct of their subjects. We hear a great deal about the new morality, which, after al l , is only the immorality with a th in veneer of respectabili­ty. There have always been people who found the Ten Command­ments difficult, and broke them, but in the old days they knew and ad­mitted that they were doing wrong.

The object of the new morality is to provide some kind of soi-distant scientific or ethical justification for giving rein to one's passion on the specious plea of the necessity of self-expression or development or personality. In reality the reek of the animal runs through this phi­losophy and its professors seem to regard the Ten Commandments in much the same way as the list of questions set out on an examina­tion paper prefaced by the remark, " Only five of the following to be attempted." The decalogue, they tell us, is a code which has outlived its ut i l i tyr and consequently need no longer be observed by the en­lightened. What, then, is to be their guide in morals? If one is to judge by their conduct, mere ex­pediency. It does not seem to have occurred to them that not merely sexlial indulgence, but robbery and murder, can be justified on the same ground. It would be highly

HE WILL BE WHAT YOU WANT HIM TO BE ON COW AND GATE

A complete F o o d made in a

m o m e n t by the mere addition

of hot water.

In guaranteed a n d dated air

tight containers.

or Better Babies Agents for South Malaya, Borneo & Sarawak:

J A C K S O N & CO.. L T D . . Singapore.

Mothers should remember that

growing children need »milk - every

day:

f o r p r e f e r e n c e

MILKMAID MILK

expedient to deprive some people of their surplus wealth, and apply i t to a good cause, and equally sa­tisfactory to remove some objec­tionable members of society from the land of the l iving. But where is this gospel of selfishness going to end? The vision of ethical an­archy which i t conjures up is in itself sufficient to convince any thinking man of the inherent bind­ing-force of the eternal, natural and positive law of God.

(To be continued)

S I M P L E F I R S T A I D .

Headache may be due to one of various causes some simple, others serious. Tablets containing phe-nacetin (four grains) and caffeine (one grain) give relief quickly, E a u de Cologne dabbed on the forehead, rubbing wi th a menthol cone, or a mustard leaf applied to the back of the neck and kept on until the skin is red, are all good. The patient should rest in a quiet, dimly lighted room, and a cup of tea may be sipped slowly. I f headaches are frequent, a doc­tor should be consulted, as the trouble is often due to eye-strain, and spectacles may be needed.

A Stye. This is a small abscess on the eyelid. -Apply warm boracic fomentations; take a piece of soft linen and wring it out of a solution made of one cupful hot water and half tea-spoonful boracic acid. A little boracic ointment may be put on the l id at night. When the stye is ready to be opened, pull out an eyelash from the centre. Take care the discharge does not get into the eye. Swab with boracic lotion; use a piece of clean rag and burn it afterwards.

Gum-Boi l—An abscess between the gum and the jaw due to a decayed tooth. A hot weak solu­tion of permanganate of potash can be used. The boil should be encouraged to burst internally by holding hot water in the mouth, and should be lanced as soon as matter has formed.

RECIPES. TO M A K E S T A L E B R E A D L I K E

N E W .

Dip the leaf in and out of cold water or milk, quickly; put i n a greased tin, or greased paper bag. Bake in moderate oven t i l l crisp.

N.B.—Do not let it get too wet, and it wil l eat like new bread.

A F T E R N O O N T E A S C O N E S i / 2 lb. flour. li/2 ozs. butter. ¥% teaspooniul baking powder. i / 2 teaspooniul cream of tartar. 1 or 2 teaspoonf uls castor sugar. Pinch of salt. ^ Buttermilk or milk. Sieve the dry ingredients and

rub in the butter, add enough but­ter-milk -to make a soft elastic dough, knead l ightly on floured board, roll out, cut into rounds. Put on greased t in, and bake in a quick oven 10-15 minutes.

B R E A K F A S T S C O N E S .

1 lb. flour. 2 ozs. butter. Pinch of salt. 1 egg. 1 teaspoonful baking powder. Milk. Bake in quick oven for 20 minu­

tes.

L O N D O N B U N S .

J 4 lb. castor sugar. 2 teaspoonfuls^ baking powder. 1 lb. sifted floiirT" 6 ozs. butter. 3 eggs. 2 ozs. candied peel. Hind of i/y lemon, grated. Rub butter in flour; cut peel in

small pieces; beat the eggs, keep back a am 11 quantity for the tops; add as much milk as will make a stiff paste. This quantity will make 20 buns. Bake in quick oven about y± hour.

P L A I N B U N S .

1 lb. flour. 6 ozs. butter. V4 lb. sugar. Few drops essence of lemon. 2 teaspoonfuls baking powder. 1 egg. Nearly giU milk. Make into 24 buns, bake at once.

M A L A Y A CATHOLIC L E A D E R , SATURDAY, MARCH 2nd 1935 9 •

J The Catholic Church And Peace Entreaty

The other day a local newspaper published what M r . Lloyd George had to say about the Catholic Church, when speaking to a Free Church audience at the City Tem­ple in London, quoting the follow­ing from his address: The grea­test Church in Christendom—I think this ought to be said—is too arrogant to work wi th Christians who worship at other altars, even in the service of the Prince of Peace. To this the reply from the Catholic paper, The Tablet, was: •"In all genuine peace work, the greatest Church i n Christendom will work wi th any man of good wil l , whatever may be his altar, but she wil l not help that unsound and suicidal Pacificism which would make a present of Christian c iv i l i ­sation to the fast-gathering forces of armed neo-paganism in one country and of mili tant atheism in another. The Prince of Peace is not served by the betrayal of His Cause."

What the Catholic Church has so far done in the service of the Prince of Peace was demonstrated in the Pilgrimage of Peace to Lourdes made by ex-soldiers from a l i countries that had taken part in the world-war. These men who had in the war fought on one side or the other, went to Lourdes, where they joined in a united sup­plication to our Blessed Lady, the Queen of Peace, to put an end to the strife among nations. Details of this edifying and impressive p i l ­grimage were given in the ini t ia l issue of this journal, and need hardly be repeated here. Of this pilgrimage The Tablet (to quote this journal again) had the follow­ing to say: "Fa i th in the power of prayer has waned so fast of late that ordinary men and women find it hard to take to prayer-pilgrim­age quite seriously. So we assure all such sceptics that true Catholics believe in prayer as literally as they believe in steam, in electri­city, and in the waves which br ing music to a wireless receiver."

That is the Catholic way of thinking—the Catholic idea of what best to do, whether it be in the interests of peace or anything else,—a spiritual, not a material idea. True Catholics believe in prayer, and because they do, they have recourse to i t . They peti­tion when in trouble, when in the presence of calamities, when the things on which they are built come down in a crash. A s people thf world over go to friends when in need of help or counsel, so Ca­tholics in such need go to their un­failing friend—the Comforter of the Afflicted, the Queen of Heaven. In the cause of peace they appeal to the Queen of Peace The Ca­tholic ex-soldiers who joined in the Piigrimage of Peace to Lourdes had known the ravages of war. They it was that had suffered those ravages, not those who had made, caused or brought about the ^var. They prayed for peace and

there could have been no more ear­nest prayer for peace than from them. Not a mere handful, but thousands upon thousands of them, foes once but friends on that occasion, were united in prayer at the shrine of the Mother of the Prince of Peace. Before they suppliantly appealed to the Queen of Peace, they had prepared their hearts for the reception of the Prince of Peace. Have their prayers been made in vain? Just as some i f not all of those afflicted with illness have had their cures effected through supplication to our Lady of Lourdes, wil l not the prayers be heard of some out of the thousands that have prayed to the self-same Blessed Lady—in another appellation—the Queen of Peace, for her intercession to H i m , th€ Prince of Peace.

A n d as i f the prayers for peace, sent up by the thousands of ex-soldiers at Lourdes, earnestly as they doubtless have been offered, were not enough and needed to be supplemented by more prayers, His Holiness, Pope Pius X I , has given his cordial approbation to the Peace Triduum of Lourdes that had been proposed by His Eminence, the late Francis Cardinal Bourne and His Eminence John Cardinal Verdier, Archbishop of Paris. This Triduum of public supplica­tion wil l be held at the Miraculous Grotto at Lourdes in A p r i l for the establishment of true Christ ian peace in the world. There wi l l be special devotions during the three days and nights (Apr i l 26, 27 and 28) that wi l l mark the conclusion of the Jubilee for the Redemption of Mankind, extended to the whole Catholic world. The Bishops, each in his own diocese and under his own direction, are to exhort Christians to participate in the solemn Triduum at Lourdes, throughmasses and special prayers offered everywhere for the object contemplated.

Thus the greatest Church in Christendom of which M r . Lloyd George speaks, wi l l be making in the no distant future another ef­fort, a gigantic one, in the inte­rests of Peace, or, as he puts it , in the service of the Prince of Peace.

N A M I N G A S T R E E T A F T E R T H E C A R D I N A L .

The decision of the Southwark Council to perpetuate the memory of the late Cardinal Bourne by naming a South London street after his Eminence, moves me to suggest that the street to be re­named—Lower Bland Street— should have as its new title not merely Bourne Street but Cardinal Bourne Street.

Such a title would be more int i ­mate, and would recall more readi­ly to the visitor to South London the deceased prelate's long and close association with this area.

M A L A Y A ' S H E A L T H F O O D

i

For health, sleep and

bright awakening I Cadbury's

B O U R M - W l T A

"Its better for you ft

M A A 3 — 1 A .

8

W o m a n ' s P a g e WOMAN'S PART.

By His Grace The Archbishop of Liverpool.

(Second Instalment)

Not for nothing does the Church speak of the devout female sex. Woman is by nature religious, reverent, pious, and endowed with spirituality of outlook. If, indeed, the sins of the fathers be visited on the children to the gene­ration, there is Consolation in the thought that the virtues of the mothers are passed on to their chi l ­dren, and their children's children, not merely for three generations, but for t ime and eternity, for the mother's vision tends to penetrate beyond the flaming barriers of the world. In these days of revolt against law and order, of discipline and impatience of al l restraint, i t is for the Catholic woman to prove herself to be the true leaven of so­ciety. She needs, indeed, to be a Valiant Woman to withstand the pressure of public opinion, to set her face against impropriety, to put her hand to strong things, to aim at the cult of the good, the true and the beautiful, only to be written down an obscurantist, a reactionary, and, above all , nar-rGW-minded. Broadmindedness, she is told, is the spir i t of the age, and she is asked why she cannot be broadminded, like her sisters i n society. But what is this broad-mindedness? On analysis i t wi l l be found that what passes for i t is merely hopeless nebulosity of in ­tellect and staggering confusion of thought resulting from failure to think in a straight line even wi th regard to principles. One finds this mental vagueness running riot both in the realms of morals and doctrine, and i t is for the Catholic woman, perhaps even more than for the Catholic man, to resist this drift from first principles, arid to insist on the practical application in everyday life of the eternal ve­rities in the full knowledge that there are things which cannot be shaken, but must remain.

The sphere^^hnora ls is more particularly woman's domain, and it is for her to repel the insidious attack which is now being launched on the family as the fundamental unit of society. We have seen the organised efforts made in Soviet Russia to dissolve the bonds of fa­mily life in the alleged interests of the totalitarian state, and there are infiltrations of the Bolshevist movement in every civilized coun­try in the world to-day. There is, for instance, the pro­nounced tendency on the part of modern governments to override the inalienable rights of parents in the vital matter of the education of their children, and the marked secularist trend of i n ­struction and training in insti tu­tions for the needy or afflicted. This pagan attitude on the part of the powers that be is automatically reflected in the lives and conduct of their subjects. We hear a great deal about the new morality, which, after al l , is only the immorality with a th in veneer of respectabili­ty. There have always been people who found the Ten Command­ments difficult, and broke them, but in the old days they knew and ad­mitted that they were doing wrong.

The object of the new morality is to provide some kind of soi-distant scientific or ethical justification for giving rein to one's passion on the specious plea of the necessity of self-expression or development or personality. In reality the reek of the animal runs through this phi­losophy and its professors seem to regard the Ten Commandments in much the same way as the list of questions set out on an examina­tion paper prefaced by the remark, " Only five of the following to be attempted." The decalogue, they tell us, is a code which has outlived its ut i l i tyr and consequently need no longer be observed by the en­lightened. What, then, is to be their guide in morals? If one is to judge by their conduct, mere ex­pediency. It does not seem to have occurred to them that not merely sexlial indulgence, but robbery and murder, can be justified on the same ground. It would be highly

HE WILL BE WHAT YOU WANT HIM TO BE ON COW AND GATE

A complete F o o d made in a

m o m e n t by the mere addition

of hot water.

In guaranteed a n d dated air

tight containers.

or Better Babies Agents for South Malaya, Borneo & Sarawak:

J A C K S O N & CO.. L T D . . Singapore.

Mothers should remember that

growing children need »milk - every

day:

f o r p r e f e r e n c e

MILKMAID MILK

expedient to deprive some people of their surplus wealth, and apply i t to a good cause, and equally sa­tisfactory to remove some objec­tionable members of society from the land of the l iving. But where is this gospel of selfishness going to end? The vision of ethical an­archy which i t conjures up is in itself sufficient to convince any thinking man of the inherent bind­ing-force of the eternal, natural and positive law of God.

(To be continued)

S I M P L E F I R S T A I D .

Headache may be due to one of various causes some simple, others serious. Tablets containing phe-nacetin (four grains) and caffeine (one grain) give relief quickly, E a u de Cologne dabbed on the forehead, rubbing wi th a menthol cone, or a mustard leaf applied to the back of the neck and kept on until the skin is red, are all good. The patient should rest in a quiet, dimly lighted room, and a cup of tea may be sipped slowly. I f headaches are frequent, a doc­tor should be consulted, as the trouble is often due to eye-strain, and spectacles may be needed.

A Stye. This is a small abscess on the eyelid. -Apply warm boracic fomentations; take a piece of soft linen and wring it out of a solution made of one cupful hot water and half tea-spoonful boracic acid. A little boracic ointment may be put on the l id at night. When the stye is ready to be opened, pull out an eyelash from the centre. Take care the discharge does not get into the eye. Swab with boracic lotion; use a piece of clean rag and burn it afterwards.

Gum-Boi l—An abscess between the gum and the jaw due to a decayed tooth. A hot weak solu­tion of permanganate of potash can be used. The boil should be encouraged to burst internally by holding hot water in the mouth, and should be lanced as soon as matter has formed.

RECIPES. TO M A K E S T A L E B R E A D L I K E

N E W .

Dip the leaf in and out of cold water or milk, quickly; put i n a greased tin, or greased paper bag. Bake in moderate oven t i l l crisp.

N.B.—Do not let it get too wet, and it wil l eat like new bread.

A F T E R N O O N T E A S C O N E S i / 2 lb. flour. li/2 ozs. butter. ¥% teaspooniul baking powder. i / 2 teaspooniul cream of tartar. 1 or 2 teaspoonf uls castor sugar. Pinch of salt. ^ Buttermilk or milk. Sieve the dry ingredients and

rub in the butter, add enough but­ter-milk -to make a soft elastic dough, knead l ightly on floured board, roll out, cut into rounds. Put on greased t in, and bake in a quick oven 10-15 minutes.

B R E A K F A S T S C O N E S .

1 lb. flour. 2 ozs. butter. Pinch of salt. 1 egg. 1 teaspoonful baking powder. Milk. Bake in quick oven for 20 minu­

tes.

L O N D O N B U N S .

J 4 lb. castor sugar. 2 teaspoonfuls^ baking powder. 1 lb. sifted floiirT" 6 ozs. butter. 3 eggs. 2 ozs. candied peel. Hind of i/y lemon, grated. Rub butter in flour; cut peel in

small pieces; beat the eggs, keep back a am 11 quantity for the tops; add as much milk as will make a stiff paste. This quantity will make 20 buns. Bake in quick oven about y± hour.

P L A I N B U N S .

1 lb. flour. 6 ozs. butter. V4 lb. sugar. Few drops essence of lemon. 2 teaspoonfuls baking powder. 1 egg. Nearly giU milk. Make into 24 buns, bake at once.

M A L A Y A CATHOLIC L E A D E R , SATURDAY, MARCH 2nd 1935 9 •

J The Catholic Church And Peace Entreaty

The other day a local newspaper published what M r . Lloyd George had to say about the Catholic Church, when speaking to a Free Church audience at the City Tem­ple in London, quoting the follow­ing from his address: The grea­test Church in Christendom—I think this ought to be said—is too arrogant to work wi th Christians who worship at other altars, even in the service of the Prince of Peace. To this the reply from the Catholic paper, The Tablet, was: •"In all genuine peace work, the greatest Church i n Christendom will work wi th any man of good wil l , whatever may be his altar, but she wil l not help that unsound and suicidal Pacificism which would make a present of Christian c iv i l i ­sation to the fast-gathering forces of armed neo-paganism in one country and of mili tant atheism in another. The Prince of Peace is not served by the betrayal of His Cause."

What the Catholic Church has so far done in the service of the Prince of Peace was demonstrated in the Pilgrimage of Peace to Lourdes made by ex-soldiers from a l i countries that had taken part in the world-war. These men who had in the war fought on one side or the other, went to Lourdes, where they joined in a united sup­plication to our Blessed Lady, the Queen of Peace, to put an end to the strife among nations. Details of this edifying and impressive p i l ­grimage were given in the ini t ia l issue of this journal, and need hardly be repeated here. Of this pilgrimage The Tablet (to quote this journal again) had the follow­ing to say: "Fa i th in the power of prayer has waned so fast of late that ordinary men and women find it hard to take to prayer-pilgrim­age quite seriously. So we assure all such sceptics that true Catholics believe in prayer as literally as they believe in steam, in electri­city, and in the waves which br ing music to a wireless receiver."

That is the Catholic way of thinking—the Catholic idea of what best to do, whether it be in the interests of peace or anything else,—a spiritual, not a material idea. True Catholics believe in prayer, and because they do, they have recourse to i t . They peti­tion when in trouble, when in the presence of calamities, when the things on which they are built come down in a crash. A s people thf world over go to friends when in need of help or counsel, so Ca­tholics in such need go to their un­failing friend—the Comforter of the Afflicted, the Queen of Heaven. In the cause of peace they appeal to the Queen of Peace The Ca­tholic ex-soldiers who joined in the Piigrimage of Peace to Lourdes had known the ravages of war. They it was that had suffered those ravages, not those who had made, caused or brought about the ^var. They prayed for peace and

there could have been no more ear­nest prayer for peace than from them. Not a mere handful, but thousands upon thousands of them, foes once but friends on that occasion, were united in prayer at the shrine of the Mother of the Prince of Peace. Before they suppliantly appealed to the Queen of Peace, they had prepared their hearts for the reception of the Prince of Peace. Have their prayers been made in vain? Just as some i f not all of those afflicted with illness have had their cures effected through supplication to our Lady of Lourdes, wil l not the prayers be heard of some out of the thousands that have prayed to the self-same Blessed Lady—in another appellation—the Queen of Peace, for her intercession to H i m , th€ Prince of Peace.

A n d as i f the prayers for peace, sent up by the thousands of ex-soldiers at Lourdes, earnestly as they doubtless have been offered, were not enough and needed to be supplemented by more prayers, His Holiness, Pope Pius X I , has given his cordial approbation to the Peace Triduum of Lourdes that had been proposed by His Eminence, the late Francis Cardinal Bourne and His Eminence John Cardinal Verdier, Archbishop of Paris. This Triduum of public supplica­tion wil l be held at the Miraculous Grotto at Lourdes in A p r i l for the establishment of true Christ ian peace in the world. There wi l l be special devotions during the three days and nights (Apr i l 26, 27 and 28) that wi l l mark the conclusion of the Jubilee for the Redemption of Mankind, extended to the whole Catholic world. The Bishops, each in his own diocese and under his own direction, are to exhort Christians to participate in the solemn Triduum at Lourdes, throughmasses and special prayers offered everywhere for the object contemplated.

Thus the greatest Church in Christendom of which M r . Lloyd George speaks, wi l l be making in the no distant future another ef­fort, a gigantic one, in the inte­rests of Peace, or, as he puts it , in the service of the Prince of Peace.

N A M I N G A S T R E E T A F T E R T H E C A R D I N A L .

The decision of the Southwark Council to perpetuate the memory of the late Cardinal Bourne by naming a South London street after his Eminence, moves me to suggest that the street to be re­named—Lower Bland Street— should have as its new title not merely Bourne Street but Cardinal Bourne Street.

Such a title would be more int i ­mate, and would recall more readi­ly to the visitor to South London the deceased prelate's long and close association with this area.

M A L A Y A ' S H E A L T H F O O D

i

For health, sleep and

bright awakening I Cadbury's

B O U R M - W l T A

"Its better for you ft

M A A 3 — 1 A .

10 M A L A Y A CATHOLIC L E A D E R , SATURDAY, MARCH 2nd 1935.

R A T E S OF SUBSCRIPTION

Post Free, Local and Abroad: 12 Months ... $6.00

6 Months ... $3.00 3 Months ... $1.50

All correspondence and literary contributi&Hs should be addressed to The Managing Editor, Rev. J t Cardtm, 75, Bras Basah Road, Singapore.

Tel. 7376, Singapore.

Jttalaga €ntk*lic Qmbtx

Saturday, Mart* 2,' 1935.

MIXED MARRIAGES. The attitude of the C h u r c h

towards mixed marriages, i t is feared, has not been clearly u n ­derstood by some Catholics w h o feel that no ha rm could accrue to their fa i th f rom such unions, and interference of the k i n d ap­proaches wel l n i£h pettifoggery. It is the purpose of this art icle to outline, as v i v i d l y as possible, the canonical and sacramental aspects o f M a t r i m o n y which set f o r t h the well-considered objections o f the C h u r c h to such unwelcome mar­riages.

M i x e d marriages being, on pr inciple , against the wisdom and ru l i ng o f the C h u r c h she is yet w i l l i n g to remove the barriers in cases where sufficiently va l id ex­cuses are offered. I n a matter i n v o l v i n g the delicate and sacred affection o f those contemplat ing M a t r i m o n y , the C h u r c h has thought i t wise, to exercise her better judgment upon occasion, provided no moral w r o n g may result. A concession o f this na­ture is on ly made after a note o f wa rn ing has been sounded to those embarking upon a mixed union , and after they have been acquain­ted w i t h the l u r k i n g dangers that beset the path they mean to choose.

A s the Cathol ic C h u r c h regards marr iage: as a sacrament she is na tura l ly averse to unions w i t h those who do not take a l ike view. A n d when the C h u r c h places the fa i th o f her members far above anything* else that life can offer, i t is not surprising that she should be lo th to jeodardize i t . I n short, there is something undoubtedly out o f tune i n a mixed marriage. St. Pau l , who loved to th ink o f marriage as symbolic o f Christ ' s un ion w i t h his church, could not feel that mixed marriage could answer to this harmony.

was normally certain that on en­tering i t he wou ld lose his fai th and sacrifice that o f his children the union would be forbidden by divine law i n the same measure as strange gods are. A n d the C h u r c h could no more pethii t Him to marry than i t ooukMailoi? h i m to break the Veii Corrtm**idrtients." W i t h regard to dispensations granted i n special cases the learn­ed4 priest say*:—"When a law is made by the C h u r c h it can be dispensed w i t h by the C h u r c h . For every la^r c a « be rescinded by its author."

T h e conditions under which Catholics are allowed to contract mixed marriages are definitely set for th i n Canon 1061.

"Th* Church does not dispense from the impediment of mixed religion.

(i) Uimless there is a grave and just reason.

(ii) Unless the non-Catholic party guarantee that danger of perversion shall be removed from the Catholic and both par­ties promise that the children shall be baptised and reared in the Catholic religion;

(ni) And unless there be a mora! certainty that these pro­mises be kept. These promises shall, as a rule,

be exacted in writing/' T h e above clauses mark the

limits o f the Church 's concession and state the circumstances under which assent to a mixed union may be granted. It is realized -f rom experience that i t is often not the non-Cathol ic wife or hus­band that interferes w i th the exe­cut ion of the latter part of the second clause above, but the rela­tives, who, for personal reasons, cause an infract ion of the pledge.

In any case, the 'onus' of pre­serving the pledge solely rests w i t h the contract ing parties and no blame can be imputed to external agents that have no legitimate share i n the contract.

W e invite the attention of Catholics to the above remarks; and to prevent their petulance f rom over-r iding their good sense we may ask them to accept the ru l ing of the C h u r c h i n such matters w i t h becoming grace. It should be realized that the injunc­tions o f a, parish priest i n mat r i ­monial matters do not emanate f rom his personal w h i m or fancy but, as the accredited spokesman of the C h u r c h he merely sets for th the canonical and sacramen­tal reasons thereof.

We seldom forget the favours we bestow upon others let us be eaually mindful of those we re­ceive.

NOTES AND COMMENTS.

Our editorial footnote to the letter from a correspondent in the previous issue, regarding hon^ Catholic boys in a Catholic school sounds a note of caution, of which notice might well be taken by those who are inclined to his trend of thought. Such a suggestion as he somewhat indirectly makes, the school itself would feel disposed to look upon with disfavour, exterior­ly at least, as the adoption of such measures as he proposes is a th ing that the educational authorities appear more or less to be set against. Proselytizing in any shape or form is a thing against which Christ ian teaching bodies undertaking secular education are advised, i f not warned. This sub­ject was touched upon in a leading article published in a lay journal some time back. The writer of that article seemed to have been induced to speak of proselytizing when certain correspondents in his journal were indulging in an ex­change of views that centred round the subject of the teaching of rel i­gion in schools at the time. He

ACKNOWLEDGMENT. We acknowledge with thanks

the receipt of a copy of The Singa­pore Urban Co-operative Union's report of the committee and state­ment of accounts for the year ended 31st December, 1934. A cursory review of it reveals many commendable activities of the union for social weal and uplift.

T h e c r u x o f the whole matter is placed i n a nut-shell b y Rev. -F lo r i an J . Haas, S . V . D . i n the f o l l o w i n g exce rp t :—"One can l iye v i r tuous ly in a mixed mar­riage w i thou t viola t ing any o f God's precepts. B u t i f a Ca tho l ic had a marriage in prospect and it

Nothing is ever done beautifully which is done in rivalship, nor nobly which is done in pride.

If your cup is small, fill it to the brim. Make the most of your op­portunities, of honest work, and pure pleasure.

appeared to assume on hearsay more than there was justification for it. Had he taken the trouble to enquire before wri t ing he would have found that the proselytzing about which he wrote was more of a bogey than anything that really existed.

The Christ ian Brothers are a re­ligious body of teachers conducting the education, primarily, of Catho­lic boys, but while religious ins­truction forms part of such educa­tion, this is imparted outside of the regular school hours. They devote most of their time to secular edu­cation and their work in this con­nection compares not unfavourably with that of any other school. In their schools non-Christian boys are, wherever possible, placed in classes by themselves. The hour­ly reminder to boys that they "are in the holy presence of God," can hardly be taken exception to, for even pagans believe in the exis­tence of a deity and in H i s Omni­presence, and non-Christians are not forced to join in any little prayer that is recited. When it is remembered that the Christian Brothers are out to teach Catholic boys principally but devote only a small portion of their time to reli­gious instruction, non-Christians of a grumbling disposition whose children attend a Brothers' school should have no cause for com­plaint. Those of them that have complained by way of the press should have show'n a sense of good taste by refraining from doing so. Fortunately cases where complaints have been made are rare and far between.

That many non-Christians have found it desirable to send their children to a Brothers' School for nought but good reasons, is eviden­ced by the no mean proportion of such children attending that school. However much the B r o ­thers may like to confine them­selves to the teaching of Catholic children, they are conscious of the financial help they had in the past received from non-Christians, and feel it incumbent on them to pro­vide to some extent for the accom­modation of children of past non-Christ ian benefactors or their des­cendants, should they seek admis­sion to the school. Many non-Christians for more than one gene­ration have acknowledged the Chris t ian Brothers ' School as their 'alma mater,' and so long as any among these clamour to be admit­ted the Brothers are reluctant to shut the door against them. This goes to explain the presence of a good number of non-Christians i n a Brothers' school. A n d the reali­sation of the acquisition of a moral tone has had not a little to do wi th their presence; a good few of such non-Christians being even known to acknowledge {the good i t had done them to be reminded of God and the duties one owes H i m and to his neighbour when in school. It may be added that the parents of many non-Christians seeking* admission to a Brothers' School evince jkeenness in doing so, on account of the moral influence exercised in it and would gladly have them take the place of those whom, through fear of proselytiz­ing, parents may wish to withdraw from the school.

* # #

Nothing is dearer to the heart of a Catholic than the thought of being the means of bringing about the redemption of a lost soul or the conversion to his fa i th of any­body that professes another. But whatever their inward desires, the Christ ian Brothers are not un­mindful of what is required of them by the educational authori­ties, and also of the susceptibilities of non-Christian parents where the teaching of religion is concerned. It suffices for therti during school days and on Sundays to impart what religious knowledge they can to the Catholic section of their pupils, so that in practising what they are taught as regards morals, apart from faith, these latter would set a good example to the others. Example is better than precept and what the Brothers could not do by precept, in the case of the non-Christian pupils, they hope would be done by the example the Catholic section would set to their fellow pupils.

T W O P R I E S T S E L E C T E D T O

I N D I A N C O U N C I L .

Two priests have for the first time in its history been returned unopposed as Municipal Councillors of Uzagapalam. They are F r . E . Chevalet, for the seat reserved for Europeans, and F r . P . E . Andradef

M . A . , for the general constituency. This is perhaps the first occasion in the whole of India that clergy have been sent up uncontested to» the constituencies.

M A L A Y A N C A T H O U C L E A D E R , S A T U R D A Y . M A R C H 2nd 1935. 11

Browsing Among Books

C H A R L E S I.

Mr. Belloc's study of the life and tragic fate of Charles I is one oi the best books he has written. It is a useful contribution to our historical literature, a splendid word portrait of a remarkable man, with a v iv id record of his time as itr setting. It is a book to read, ana then place on the shelf to be read again. It has the further me­rit that incidentally we find in it striking sketches of many of the King's contempories, and M r . Bel-lcc makes effective use of his pow­er of concentrating in a few lines a realistic account of the more striking episodes of an eventful time. The book has a l l the attrac­tion of a romantic story but it is a sound and careful contribution to history, and a worthy antidote to the old W h i g tradition that st i l l lives on in not a few of the mis­leading text-books of English his­tory s t i l l in use in colleges and schools.

This praise may be given to the work even i f w£ hesitate to accept the author's thesis, set forth in its opening pages, that the execution of Charles I marked an epoch in the world's history—the beginning of a change that did away with K i n g ­ship— that Charles I "was th^ last ruling K i n g of England, the last who governed as Kings had govern­ed for untold years," and that "with h im died the Engl ish mo­narchy." This is surely rhetorical exaggeration. The traditional ideal of the sacred majesty of Kingship had already, in England, itself, been violated again and again. Four of the Plantagenet kings had been deposed, wi th some feeble pre­tence of legal sanction, and then murdered in prison. Monarchy has survived these outrages. It sur­vived the travesty of justice that sent Charles I to the scaffold by the decree of an improvised tribunal set up of a victorious faction "of soldier fanatics. Bu t happily this theory of the special importance of the tragedy of Whitehal l does not throw out of focus our author's picture of his hero. W i t h all this admiration for the much maligned King he does not warp historic fact to serve any theory of ideal king­ship. W i t h all his l i terary art istry he gives us a realistic picture of the man and his time. (C.T.S.) .

The sermons of Cardinal Fau l -haber in Munich last Advent pro­voked a violent controversy, the echoes of which reached us in England. Engl ish readers there­fore will welcome the translation, by Dr. Smith, Judaism, Christia­nity, and Germany (B.O.W., 2s. 6d.), which on the whole seems ex­cellent.

GOSPEL

It is difficult to understand why these sermons should have raised such an outcry. To us they seem very moderate, pointing out as they do not only the benefits, social, ethical, and above all religious, which the world owes to Judaism, but also stressing the fact that the mcrality of the Old Testament was

for

Q l T N Q l AGESIMA SUNDAY.

At that time, Jesus took unto him the twelve, and said to them. Behold, we go up to Jerusalem, and all things shall be accomplished which were written by the prophets concerning the Son of man: for he shall be delivered to the gentiles, and shall be mocked, and scourged, and spit upon; and after they have scourged him, they will put him to death: and the third day he shall rise again. And they understood none of these things, and this word was hid from them, and they under­stood not the things that were said.

Now it came to pass, when he drew nigh to Jericho, that a certain blind man sat by the wayside, begging. And when he heard the multi­tude passing by, he asked what this meant. And they told him that Jesus of Nazareth was passing by. And he cried out, saying, " Jesus, son of David, have mercy on me." And they that went before rebuked him, that he should hold his peace: but he cried out much more, " Son of David, have mercy on me." Any Jesus* standing, commanded him to be brought unto him; and when he was come near, he asked him, saying, "What wilt thou that I do to thee? But he said, "Lord, that I may see." And Jesus said to him: "Receive thy sight; thy faith hath made thee whole." And immediately he saw, and followed him, glorifying God; and all the people, whfch they saw it, gave praise to God.

E X P L A N A T I O N .

" And after they have scourg­ed Him, they wi l l put him to death" These words are said to us as well as to the Apostles, for it is the intimate wish of our Lord that we should remember His Sufferings and Death, during the holy days of Lent. Thre Apdstles understood not the things that were said," and did not attach much import­ance to this announcement. How many Catholics, alas! wi l l remain cold, and listless and deaf, during Lent, in spite of the pressing in ­vitation of our Saviour to keep i n remembrance His Passion and Death.

If we recollect the divine Pas­sion, then we wil l mortify ourselves and pray more assiduously; our sorrow for our sins will be more sincere and our preparation for Confession more serious. The re­membrance of the Passion of Jesus Christ will awaken in our soul our gratitude, our compassion and sor­row as the sun, at springtide, awakens the seeds in the earth.

We, so easily, spare ourselves of being grateful to God for all H i s graces and benefits. If we could imagine how one word of thanks is treasured up by the Sacred Heart, surely we would not stint our thanksgivings.

Our gratitude would overflow into compassion for we would like to do something to relieve the an­guish and suffering of our Re­deemer.

We can do it indeed by offering

all our own trials and sorrows i n union with our Lord's , and by ac­cepting our own cross and pressing on in His blessed footsteps. L e t u?., during Lent, meditate on the Lord's Passion, and convince our­selves that i f He was scourged and crucified we have had, by our sins a hand in those sufferings.

The remembrance of the suffer­ings of Jesus Christ wil l teach us humili ty and contrition. There are others, perhaps, who may seem to be more indifferent than ourselves; but have they received all the graces that have been lavished up­on us: a safe home, pious and care­ful parents, a good up-bringing, the habits of prayer, attending Mass and receiving the Sacraments? Have they had all the safeguards that we may have had? Yet , i n spite of these signal graces, again and again we have offended our Saviour.

Let us not begrudge to do a l i t t le for H i m who did so much for us. Our Lord only asks for rememb­rance which grows into gratitude, compassion and sorrow. The best manner of thanking Him, during the time of Lent, is to go to Holy JEommunion an extra time* Go every week, go as often as you can. This is the spirit of the Church. The holy time of Lent calls for i t . There is nothing we can do so plea­sing to that Sacred Heart that loved us on the Cross. How can you say to Him-no?

^-policy depends on it, and in this way Miles Bredon, already w ^ i known to readers of Father Kho**s other books, is induced to take up the problem. A new angle is given

t t o an accustomed setting by the t devotion of one of the characters t t o a religious movement known as r "the circles'* and the advent of t the circle leader introduced a pos-t s ible suspect. But once the ques-• tion of motive is started, the reader I finds himself ready to believe the t worst of everyone connected wi th t t he dead young man, and though t the search hardly s t i r O e y o n d the Ipark gates, the interest is unftag-j g i n g . The solution is a well-kept • surprise. When the mystery i s

explained, Father Knox adopts the excellent plan of page references to the clues indicated. This is a detective story which any reader

• may be proud to solve. (C. T. S^X-

; t ; D A Y S O F G R A C E . • Devotion to St. Francis Xavier , • " A l l those who implore my help t daily for nine consecutive days • from the 4th to the 12th of March I inclusive, and worthily receive J the Sacrament of Penance and the • Holy Eucharist , on one of the nine

days, wi l l experience my protec­tion and may hope with entire

[assurance to obtain from God any ; grace they ask that is for the good of their souls and the glory

[of God," so spoke the great ; Apostle of India and Malacca, St. Francis Xavier to Father Marcello Mast r i l l i S.J. when the Saint ap­peared to h im in December 1633.

; Catholics would do well to observe > these nine days with special ! fervour and thus draw down [abundant blessings on themselves ; and their families; Let us i n • Malaya ask the Saint to speed on I the conversion of so many amongst | us who do not know God.

far from being perfect, as indeed is evident from Our Lord's own teaching. Special offence, too, seems to have been given by, the last sermon which describes the character given by Tacitus to the ancient Germanic tribes and shows how Christ ianity has improved i t . We fear that some of the Nazis have lost their sense of humour. (C. T. S.).

Father Ronald Knox's new book, Still Dead (Hodder & Stoughton, 7s. 6d.), is a genuine detective story as distinct from a thriller. According to the author a corpse, found on the roadside, disappears within a few hours, and two days later returns, apparently newly dead, to the same spot. How? Why? The time of the victim's death is of especial importance, for the payment of a heavy insurance

t N A T I O N A L M O V E F O R 1 C A T H O L I C A C T I O N . • Catholic Action, in all its varied • forms, is to be organised on a na-| tional basis in Austral ia , according | to a decision made by a meeting^of t the Bishops following the Eucha-

ristic Congress in Melbourne. The subjects involved i n this

^ national plan include:— Educational problems of primary;

J secondary and university work; the t raining of teachers, and the financing of education;

Mission work, its development at home and abroad, including a, plan whereby the richer dioceses help the poorer ones, and regular contributions are collected for mission work;

A League of Decency to work for the reform of stage and screeir;

The Catholic Press; Immigration and questions of

land settlement; Temperance movement, dances

and other Catholic functions; Social Sciences in the seminaries

and in study circles; Catholic Evidence movement; Broadcasting;

A false Catholic is more dangts-roug than a veritable heretic.

10 M A L A Y A CATHOLIC L E A D E R , SATURDAY, MARCH 2nd 1935.

R A T E S OF SUBSCRIPTION

Post Free, Local and Abroad: 12 Months ... $6.00

6 Months ... $3.00 3 Months ... $1.50

All correspondence and literary contributi&Hs should be addressed to The Managing Editor, Rev. J t Cardtm, 75, Bras Basah Road, Singapore.

Tel. 7376, Singapore.

Jttalaga €ntk*lic Qmbtx

Saturday, Mart* 2,' 1935.

MIXED MARRIAGES. The attitude of the C h u r c h

towards mixed marriages, i t is feared, has not been clearly u n ­derstood by some Catholics w h o feel that no ha rm could accrue to their fa i th f rom such unions, and interference of the k i n d ap­proaches wel l n i£h pettifoggery. It is the purpose of this art icle to outline, as v i v i d l y as possible, the canonical and sacramental aspects o f M a t r i m o n y which set f o r t h the well-considered objections o f the C h u r c h to such unwelcome mar­riages.

M i x e d marriages being, on pr inciple , against the wisdom and ru l i ng o f the C h u r c h she is yet w i l l i n g to remove the barriers in cases where sufficiently va l id ex­cuses are offered. I n a matter i n v o l v i n g the delicate and sacred affection o f those contemplat ing M a t r i m o n y , the C h u r c h has thought i t wise, to exercise her better judgment upon occasion, provided no moral w r o n g may result. A concession o f this na­ture is on ly made after a note o f wa rn ing has been sounded to those embarking upon a mixed union , and after they have been acquain­ted w i t h the l u r k i n g dangers that beset the path they mean to choose.

A s the Cathol ic C h u r c h regards marr iage: as a sacrament she is na tura l ly averse to unions w i t h those who do not take a l ike view. A n d when the C h u r c h places the fa i th o f her members far above anything* else that life can offer, i t is not surprising that she should be lo th to jeodardize i t . I n short, there is something undoubtedly out o f tune i n a mixed marriage. St. Pau l , who loved to th ink o f marriage as symbolic o f Christ ' s un ion w i t h his church, could not feel that mixed marriage could answer to this harmony.

was normally certain that on en­tering i t he wou ld lose his fai th and sacrifice that o f his children the union would be forbidden by divine law i n the same measure as strange gods are. A n d the C h u r c h could no more pethii t Him to marry than i t ooukMailoi? h i m to break the Veii Corrtm**idrtients." W i t h regard to dispensations granted i n special cases the learn­ed4 priest say*:—"When a law is made by the C h u r c h it can be dispensed w i t h by the C h u r c h . For every la^r c a « be rescinded by its author."

T h e conditions under which Catholics are allowed to contract mixed marriages are definitely set for th i n Canon 1061.

"Th* Church does not dispense from the impediment of mixed religion.

(i) Uimless there is a grave and just reason.

(ii) Unless the non-Catholic party guarantee that danger of perversion shall be removed from the Catholic and both par­ties promise that the children shall be baptised and reared in the Catholic religion;

(ni) And unless there be a mora! certainty that these pro­mises be kept. These promises shall, as a rule,

be exacted in writing/' T h e above clauses mark the

limits o f the Church 's concession and state the circumstances under which assent to a mixed union may be granted. It is realized -f rom experience that i t is often not the non-Cathol ic wife or hus­band that interferes w i th the exe­cut ion of the latter part of the second clause above, but the rela­tives, who, for personal reasons, cause an infract ion of the pledge.

In any case, the 'onus' of pre­serving the pledge solely rests w i t h the contract ing parties and no blame can be imputed to external agents that have no legitimate share i n the contract.

W e invite the attention of Catholics to the above remarks; and to prevent their petulance f rom over-r iding their good sense we may ask them to accept the ru l ing of the C h u r c h i n such matters w i t h becoming grace. It should be realized that the injunc­tions o f a, parish priest i n mat r i ­monial matters do not emanate f rom his personal w h i m or fancy but, as the accredited spokesman of the C h u r c h he merely sets for th the canonical and sacramen­tal reasons thereof.

We seldom forget the favours we bestow upon others let us be eaually mindful of those we re­ceive.

NOTES AND COMMENTS.

Our editorial footnote to the letter from a correspondent in the previous issue, regarding hon^ Catholic boys in a Catholic school sounds a note of caution, of which notice might well be taken by those who are inclined to his trend of thought. Such a suggestion as he somewhat indirectly makes, the school itself would feel disposed to look upon with disfavour, exterior­ly at least, as the adoption of such measures as he proposes is a th ing that the educational authorities appear more or less to be set against. Proselytizing in any shape or form is a thing against which Christ ian teaching bodies undertaking secular education are advised, i f not warned. This sub­ject was touched upon in a leading article published in a lay journal some time back. The writer of that article seemed to have been induced to speak of proselytizing when certain correspondents in his journal were indulging in an ex­change of views that centred round the subject of the teaching of rel i­gion in schools at the time. He

ACKNOWLEDGMENT. We acknowledge with thanks

the receipt of a copy of The Singa­pore Urban Co-operative Union's report of the committee and state­ment of accounts for the year ended 31st December, 1934. A cursory review of it reveals many commendable activities of the union for social weal and uplift.

T h e c r u x o f the whole matter is placed i n a nut-shell b y Rev. -F lo r i an J . Haas, S . V . D . i n the f o l l o w i n g exce rp t :—"One can l iye v i r tuous ly in a mixed mar­riage w i thou t viola t ing any o f God's precepts. B u t i f a Ca tho l ic had a marriage in prospect and it

Nothing is ever done beautifully which is done in rivalship, nor nobly which is done in pride.

If your cup is small, fill it to the brim. Make the most of your op­portunities, of honest work, and pure pleasure.

appeared to assume on hearsay more than there was justification for it. Had he taken the trouble to enquire before wri t ing he would have found that the proselytzing about which he wrote was more of a bogey than anything that really existed.

The Christ ian Brothers are a re­ligious body of teachers conducting the education, primarily, of Catho­lic boys, but while religious ins­truction forms part of such educa­tion, this is imparted outside of the regular school hours. They devote most of their time to secular edu­cation and their work in this con­nection compares not unfavourably with that of any other school. In their schools non-Christian boys are, wherever possible, placed in classes by themselves. The hour­ly reminder to boys that they "are in the holy presence of God," can hardly be taken exception to, for even pagans believe in the exis­tence of a deity and in H i s Omni­presence, and non-Christians are not forced to join in any little prayer that is recited. When it is remembered that the Christian Brothers are out to teach Catholic boys principally but devote only a small portion of their time to reli­gious instruction, non-Christians of a grumbling disposition whose children attend a Brothers' school should have no cause for com­plaint. Those of them that have complained by way of the press should have show'n a sense of good taste by refraining from doing so. Fortunately cases where complaints have been made are rare and far between.

That many non-Christians have found it desirable to send their children to a Brothers' School for nought but good reasons, is eviden­ced by the no mean proportion of such children attending that school. However much the B r o ­thers may like to confine them­selves to the teaching of Catholic children, they are conscious of the financial help they had in the past received from non-Christians, and feel it incumbent on them to pro­vide to some extent for the accom­modation of children of past non-Christ ian benefactors or their des­cendants, should they seek admis­sion to the school. Many non-Christians for more than one gene­ration have acknowledged the Chris t ian Brothers ' School as their 'alma mater,' and so long as any among these clamour to be admit­ted the Brothers are reluctant to shut the door against them. This goes to explain the presence of a good number of non-Christians i n a Brothers' school. A n d the reali­sation of the acquisition of a moral tone has had not a little to do wi th their presence; a good few of such non-Christians being even known to acknowledge {the good i t had done them to be reminded of God and the duties one owes H i m and to his neighbour when in school. It may be added that the parents of many non-Christians seeking* admission to a Brothers' School evince jkeenness in doing so, on account of the moral influence exercised in it and would gladly have them take the place of those whom, through fear of proselytiz­ing, parents may wish to withdraw from the school.

* # #

Nothing is dearer to the heart of a Catholic than the thought of being the means of bringing about the redemption of a lost soul or the conversion to his fa i th of any­body that professes another. But whatever their inward desires, the Christ ian Brothers are not un­mindful of what is required of them by the educational authori­ties, and also of the susceptibilities of non-Christian parents where the teaching of religion is concerned. It suffices for therti during school days and on Sundays to impart what religious knowledge they can to the Catholic section of their pupils, so that in practising what they are taught as regards morals, apart from faith, these latter would set a good example to the others. Example is better than precept and what the Brothers could not do by precept, in the case of the non-Christian pupils, they hope would be done by the example the Catholic section would set to their fellow pupils.

T W O P R I E S T S E L E C T E D T O

I N D I A N C O U N C I L .

Two priests have for the first time in its history been returned unopposed as Municipal Councillors of Uzagapalam. They are F r . E . Chevalet, for the seat reserved for Europeans, and F r . P . E . Andradef

M . A . , for the general constituency. This is perhaps the first occasion in the whole of India that clergy have been sent up uncontested to» the constituencies.

M A L A Y A N C A T H O U C L E A D E R , S A T U R D A Y . M A R C H 2nd 1935. 11

Browsing Among Books

C H A R L E S I.

Mr. Belloc's study of the life and tragic fate of Charles I is one oi the best books he has written. It is a useful contribution to our historical literature, a splendid word portrait of a remarkable man, with a v iv id record of his time as itr setting. It is a book to read, ana then place on the shelf to be read again. It has the further me­rit that incidentally we find in it striking sketches of many of the King's contempories, and M r . Bel-lcc makes effective use of his pow­er of concentrating in a few lines a realistic account of the more striking episodes of an eventful time. The book has a l l the attrac­tion of a romantic story but it is a sound and careful contribution to history, and a worthy antidote to the old W h i g tradition that st i l l lives on in not a few of the mis­leading text-books of English his­tory s t i l l in use in colleges and schools.

This praise may be given to the work even i f w£ hesitate to accept the author's thesis, set forth in its opening pages, that the execution of Charles I marked an epoch in the world's history—the beginning of a change that did away with K i n g ­ship— that Charles I "was th^ last ruling K i n g of England, the last who governed as Kings had govern­ed for untold years," and that "with h im died the Engl ish mo­narchy." This is surely rhetorical exaggeration. The traditional ideal of the sacred majesty of Kingship had already, in England, itself, been violated again and again. Four of the Plantagenet kings had been deposed, wi th some feeble pre­tence of legal sanction, and then murdered in prison. Monarchy has survived these outrages. It sur­vived the travesty of justice that sent Charles I to the scaffold by the decree of an improvised tribunal set up of a victorious faction "of soldier fanatics. Bu t happily this theory of the special importance of the tragedy of Whitehal l does not throw out of focus our author's picture of his hero. W i t h all this admiration for the much maligned King he does not warp historic fact to serve any theory of ideal king­ship. W i t h all his l i terary art istry he gives us a realistic picture of the man and his time. (C.T.S.) .

The sermons of Cardinal Fau l -haber in Munich last Advent pro­voked a violent controversy, the echoes of which reached us in England. Engl ish readers there­fore will welcome the translation, by Dr. Smith, Judaism, Christia­nity, and Germany (B.O.W., 2s. 6d.), which on the whole seems ex­cellent.

GOSPEL

It is difficult to understand why these sermons should have raised such an outcry. To us they seem very moderate, pointing out as they do not only the benefits, social, ethical, and above all religious, which the world owes to Judaism, but also stressing the fact that the mcrality of the Old Testament was

for

Q l T N Q l AGESIMA SUNDAY.

At that time, Jesus took unto him the twelve, and said to them. Behold, we go up to Jerusalem, and all things shall be accomplished which were written by the prophets concerning the Son of man: for he shall be delivered to the gentiles, and shall be mocked, and scourged, and spit upon; and after they have scourged him, they will put him to death: and the third day he shall rise again. And they understood none of these things, and this word was hid from them, and they under­stood not the things that were said.

Now it came to pass, when he drew nigh to Jericho, that a certain blind man sat by the wayside, begging. And when he heard the multi­tude passing by, he asked what this meant. And they told him that Jesus of Nazareth was passing by. And he cried out, saying, " Jesus, son of David, have mercy on me." And they that went before rebuked him, that he should hold his peace: but he cried out much more, " Son of David, have mercy on me." Any Jesus* standing, commanded him to be brought unto him; and when he was come near, he asked him, saying, "What wilt thou that I do to thee? But he said, "Lord, that I may see." And Jesus said to him: "Receive thy sight; thy faith hath made thee whole." And immediately he saw, and followed him, glorifying God; and all the people, whfch they saw it, gave praise to God.

E X P L A N A T I O N .

" And after they have scourg­ed Him, they wi l l put him to death" These words are said to us as well as to the Apostles, for it is the intimate wish of our Lord that we should remember His Sufferings and Death, during the holy days of Lent. Thre Apdstles understood not the things that were said," and did not attach much import­ance to this announcement. How many Catholics, alas! wi l l remain cold, and listless and deaf, during Lent, in spite of the pressing in ­vitation of our Saviour to keep i n remembrance His Passion and Death.

If we recollect the divine Pas­sion, then we wil l mortify ourselves and pray more assiduously; our sorrow for our sins will be more sincere and our preparation for Confession more serious. The re­membrance of the Passion of Jesus Christ will awaken in our soul our gratitude, our compassion and sor­row as the sun, at springtide, awakens the seeds in the earth.

We, so easily, spare ourselves of being grateful to God for all H i s graces and benefits. If we could imagine how one word of thanks is treasured up by the Sacred Heart, surely we would not stint our thanksgivings.

Our gratitude would overflow into compassion for we would like to do something to relieve the an­guish and suffering of our Re­deemer.

We can do it indeed by offering

all our own trials and sorrows i n union with our Lord's , and by ac­cepting our own cross and pressing on in His blessed footsteps. L e t u?., during Lent, meditate on the Lord's Passion, and convince our­selves that i f He was scourged and crucified we have had, by our sins a hand in those sufferings.

The remembrance of the suffer­ings of Jesus Christ wil l teach us humili ty and contrition. There are others, perhaps, who may seem to be more indifferent than ourselves; but have they received all the graces that have been lavished up­on us: a safe home, pious and care­ful parents, a good up-bringing, the habits of prayer, attending Mass and receiving the Sacraments? Have they had all the safeguards that we may have had? Yet , i n spite of these signal graces, again and again we have offended our Saviour.

Let us not begrudge to do a l i t t le for H i m who did so much for us. Our Lord only asks for rememb­rance which grows into gratitude, compassion and sorrow. The best manner of thanking Him, during the time of Lent, is to go to Holy JEommunion an extra time* Go every week, go as often as you can. This is the spirit of the Church. The holy time of Lent calls for i t . There is nothing we can do so plea­sing to that Sacred Heart that loved us on the Cross. How can you say to Him-no?

^-policy depends on it, and in this way Miles Bredon, already w ^ i known to readers of Father Kho**s other books, is induced to take up the problem. A new angle is given

t t o an accustomed setting by the t devotion of one of the characters t t o a religious movement known as r "the circles'* and the advent of t the circle leader introduced a pos-t s ible suspect. But once the ques-• tion of motive is started, the reader I finds himself ready to believe the t worst of everyone connected wi th t t he dead young man, and though t the search hardly s t i r O e y o n d the Ipark gates, the interest is unftag-j g i n g . The solution is a well-kept • surprise. When the mystery i s

explained, Father Knox adopts the excellent plan of page references to the clues indicated. This is a detective story which any reader

• may be proud to solve. (C. T. S^X-

; t ; D A Y S O F G R A C E . • Devotion to St. Francis Xavier , • " A l l those who implore my help t daily for nine consecutive days • from the 4th to the 12th of March I inclusive, and worthily receive J the Sacrament of Penance and the • Holy Eucharist , on one of the nine

days, wi l l experience my protec­tion and may hope with entire

[assurance to obtain from God any ; grace they ask that is for the good of their souls and the glory

[of God," so spoke the great ; Apostle of India and Malacca, St. Francis Xavier to Father Marcello Mast r i l l i S.J. when the Saint ap­peared to h im in December 1633.

; Catholics would do well to observe > these nine days with special ! fervour and thus draw down [abundant blessings on themselves ; and their families; Let us i n • Malaya ask the Saint to speed on I the conversion of so many amongst | us who do not know God.

far from being perfect, as indeed is evident from Our Lord's own teaching. Special offence, too, seems to have been given by, the last sermon which describes the character given by Tacitus to the ancient Germanic tribes and shows how Christ ianity has improved i t . We fear that some of the Nazis have lost their sense of humour. (C. T. S.).

Father Ronald Knox's new book, Still Dead (Hodder & Stoughton, 7s. 6d.), is a genuine detective story as distinct from a thriller. According to the author a corpse, found on the roadside, disappears within a few hours, and two days later returns, apparently newly dead, to the same spot. How? Why? The time of the victim's death is of especial importance, for the payment of a heavy insurance

t N A T I O N A L M O V E F O R 1 C A T H O L I C A C T I O N . • Catholic Action, in all its varied • forms, is to be organised on a na-| tional basis in Austral ia , according | to a decision made by a meeting^of t the Bishops following the Eucha-

ristic Congress in Melbourne. The subjects involved i n this

^ national plan include:— Educational problems of primary;

J secondary and university work; the t raining of teachers, and the financing of education;

Mission work, its development at home and abroad, including a, plan whereby the richer dioceses help the poorer ones, and regular contributions are collected for mission work;

A League of Decency to work for the reform of stage and screeir;

The Catholic Press; Immigration and questions of

land settlement; Temperance movement, dances

and other Catholic functions; Social Sciences in the seminaries

and in study circles; Catholic Evidence movement; Broadcasting;

A false Catholic is more dangts-roug than a veritable heretic.

12 M A L A Y A CATHOLIC L E A D E R , SATURDAY, MARCH 2nd 1935.

Catholic Affairs from Far and Near Death of The Rt. Rev. P. TM. Gendreau

of the Paris Foreign Mission Vicar Apostolic of Hanoi.

THE CHURCH L O S E S A G R E A T L E A D E R I N I N D O C H I N A .

Hanoi (Indochina). The Most Rev. Peter M . Gendreau, Ti tu lar Bishop of Chrysopolis and Vicar Apostolic of Hanoi , died in Hanoi February 6 at the age of 84, after 61 years of missionary life i n Ton­kin. He was a Bishop 47 years and had consecrated four succes­sive Coadjutor Bishops.

The mission territory of which he became head in 1892 had at that time 220,000 Catholics. Th i s same region to-day is divided into four ecclesiastical territories wi th a total Catholic population of 350,000.

Bishop Gendreau was born at Le Bwre-sur-Vie, in the Diocese of Lucon, France, November 26, 1850. He was ordained in June 1873 at the Paris Foreign Mission Semi­nary and sailed for Tonkin a few weeks later. The Christians of Tonkin were being persecuted when he arrived. H i s Bishop, Mgr. Puginier, ordered h i m to re­main at Hanoi , and after several months of language-study he was given the task of insti tuting the informative process for the beati­fication of the Tonkinese martyrs, a labour demanding much time and extreme care, which he completed successfully. In 1901, 27 martyrs were beatified at Rome, followed by s ix others in 1909, and the documents concerning the lives of

5400 Christ ians put to death during the bloody persecutions i n Tonkin were sent by h im to the Sacred Congregation of Rites.

He was consecrated by Bishop Puginier i n 1887, serving the latter as Coadjutor Bishop unt i l 1892 when Bishop Puginier died, and Bishop Gendreau, at the age of 42, became V i c a r Apostolic o f a vast area, the present Vicariates Apos-toKc of Hanoi , Phat Diem, Thanh Hba and H u n g Hoa, each of which is now ruled by a Bishop.

Many educational and charitable institutions were added to the mis­sions of Hanoi during Bishop Gendreau's regime. Among these is the new seminary of Hanoi which he placed under the direc­tion of the Sulpician Fathers. The Bishop took great pleasure in com­paring the beautiful new building with the seminary as i t was during the persecution, when the students were sheltered and instructed aboard a fleet of miserable li t t le rafts on the Red River.

He established a Carmelite Monastery at Hanoi in 1895. Saint Therese of Lis ieux asked and ob­tained permission to be sent to this convent, but when it came time for her to depart, her superiors, con­sidering her poor health and the rigours of such a long journey, were obliged to reverse their decision.

Bishop Gendreau's priests held him in affectionate admiration. His Christians looked upon h im as a father. His pastoral visi ts , which he never omitted despite the weight of years, wi l l remain clas­sics. Twice each year, i n the spring and in the autumn, he set out, on horseback when he was younger, later by motor-car, and sometimes during recent years i n his own novel palanquin, a ham­mock swung under a long pole which was supported at each end by a native porter. R ich and poor were free to approach h im. He taught catechism, confirmed, heard confessions, gave counsel, and when the day's work was done, he turned to his correspondence, and this part of his duties kept h im busy far into the night. He took very little rest. Blessed wi th un­usually good health and a consti­tution of iron he carried on his work to the very last days of his life.

Rev. John J . ConsicSne, M . M . , formerly Director of Fides Service, who visited Hanoi during his study-tour of the missions in 1932, recalls Bishop Gendreau in his articles, "Other Men's Lands," which were published in serial form three years ago.

"From the lips of all I heard that Indochina's most interesting wor­ker in active service was Bishop Gendreau," "wrote Father Con-sidine. " H i s Excellency was on a confirmation tour when I arrived, so I went to the tiny village of L u u X a and found him at his best. Here is a figure worth journeying around the world to meet.

"In through the garden gate we went to this little country rectory where His Excellency sat quietly after the confirmation ceremony of the morning. We found a heavy set man with a swarthy face, along the jaw of which grows a th in white beard which had long gone untrimmed. On his head was a heavy shock of creamy hair, l ike­wise uncut, bulging over his ears. Over his kindly, twinkl ing eyes were a pair of old-fashioned silver-rimmed glasses which he frequent­ly pushed up on his forehead. He wore a faded purple cassock and over it an overcoat much too large for h i m ; its sleeves touched his knuckles and barely escaped cover­ing his r ing. Striking, then, is his enormous pipe into which he was slowly stuffing tobacco as we arrived. Once lit i t burns for an hour and a half without a refill . He stood and I noticed he braced h im­self solidly and rocked himself slightly on his feet much after the manner of Pope Pius X I .

"And like His Holiness he is a man of marvellous staying power who fatigues all about h im, even those far younger. A t his present

(Continued on page 3)

A S I A . Golden-Jubilee Celebration at the Apostolic Delegation of Bangalore.

B A N G A L O R E (India). — The 50th anniversary of the founding of the Apostolic Delegation of the East Indies was celebrated at Bangalore February 12, the Pope's Coronation Day. A ceremony was held at the Delegration at which His Excellency Archbishop Kie r -kels, Apostolic Delegaate, presid­ed. A n address was given by Msgr. L . Vanpeene, Vicar General of the Diocese of Mysore.

The Apostolic Delegation of the East Indies w a s erected in 1884. Archbishop Agl iardi , later Car­dinal, was named first Delegate and held the post until 1887. He was succeeded by Archbishop A j u t i (1887-1891), Archbishop Zaleski (1892-1916), Archbishop Fumasoni-Biondi (1916-1919), new Cardinal Prefect of Propaganda, Archbishop Pisani (1919-1924), Archbishop Mooney (1924-1930), now Bishop of Rochester, New York , and Archbishop Kierkels, the present Delegate, who was named in 1931.

The Delegation was at first located at Kandy, on the island of Ceylon, and was transferred to Bangalore by Archbishop, now Cardinal, Fumasoni-Biondi.

(Fides). • * * *

82,145 Converts i n China Last Year.

S H A N G H A I . — T h e Directory of Catholic Missions in China for 1935, which has been published by the Bureau Sinologique at Zi-ka-wei, shows that 82,145 adult con­verts were received into the Church during the 12-month period ending June 30, 1934. There are now 2,702,468 Catholics in China, according to statistics given i n the Directory, and this number, compared with last year's figures, indicates a net increase of 78,908.

A brief analysis of the statistics, which is given in the Preface to the Directory, draws attention to several s t r ik ing increases during the last ten years. Ecclesiastical territories, for example, increased by 52 and now total 121. The Chinese secular clergy, wi th 1,660 priests, showrs an increase of 528. The number of Chinese brothers rose from 272 to 607, the number of Chinese sisters from 2,364 to 3,319. There are now 4,230 seminarists preparing for the prielsthood in the various major and minor seminaries throughout China, an increase of 1,680 since 1924. (Fides).

S H A N G H A I . — T h r e e aeroplanes purchased in the United States are expected to arrive here in March for the proposed air-service between Szechwan Province and Tibet. Aerodromes at Chengtu and at Lhassa are being planned by the China Aviat ion Corpora­tion, and engineers are to make a study of the route over which the machines wi l l fly. (Fides).

P E K I N G . — A translation of the Roman Missal in Chinese has been published by the Nazareth Press, Hongkong. The same printing-house has published a double-column edition of the Missal wi th the Chinese and La t in texts on the same page.

The Roman Missa l was trans­lated into Chinese for the first time by a Jesuit missionary. Father Louis Buglio, in 1670, says the Lumen Agency. This wrork was in classic Chinese and was printed at Peking. Onlv three copies are extant. (Fides).

E U R O P E . B R U S S E L S . Dr . Rudolph Weigl ,

Professor of Biology at the U n i ­versity of Lwow, Poland, discover­er of the anti-exanthematic serum which has saved the lives of many missionaries in Mongolia, has been honoured by the Belgian Govern­ment with the tit le of Knight Com­mander of the Order of Leopold. Father Joseph Rutten, of the Bel­gian Scheut Missionaries, has been carrying on a campaign against exanthematic typhus in north China and Mongolia, and since he began to use Dr . Weigl 's vaccine in 1931, shortly after its discovery, there has not been a single loss from exanthematic typhus among the missionary personnel, whereas during the 20-year period preced­ing its discovery, 84 missionaries died of the disease, 46 of whom were under the age of 35. Dr . Weigl was also honoured by the Holy Father last year when he was made Knight Commander of the Order of Saint Gregory the Great.

(Fides).

R O M E . Seven Brothers of Mer­cy, of Treves Germany, sailed from Brindisi February 14, two of whom are destined for the Vicariate of Hiroshima, Japan, wThile five wil l go to Shanghai to take over the direction of the men's section of a new hospital for mental diseases which has been built by M r . L o Pa Hong. The Brothers of Mercy have been working with the Ger­man Hesuit missionaries in Hiro­shima, isince 1930. In 1933 they took over a hospital in Lanchowv in the far western interior of China, a territory staffed by Fa­thers of the Divine Word Societv.

(Fides). * * * *

A M E R I C A . W I N N I P E G (Canada). — Five

Catholic newspapers, one in Ger­man, another i n Polish, another in French, the fourth in Engl ish and the fifth a paper for Ruthenian immigrants in western Canada, are published by the West Canada Publishing Company under the direction of the Oblate Mission­aries of Mary Immaculate. The West Canada Publishing Company was founded by German Oblate Missionaries in 1907 to launch a Catholic journal for German settlers in Canada. The other papers were founded, or taken over, in subsequent years. (Fides).

* * * *

A F R I C A . W I N D H O E K (South Africa).

Lions, leopards and wolf-dogs are causing much damage in the upper region of the Southwest Territory, between the border of Portuguese Angola and Damaraland, according to a despatch from Windhoek. Catholic missionaries there, Ger­man Oblates of Mary Immaculate, report a loss of more than 100 head of live-stock during the last six months in one small district near the Okawango River .

(Fides).

M A L A Y A C A T H O L I C L E A D E R , S A T U R D A Y , M A R C H 2nd 1935. 13

T h e B e g i n n i n g o f a T a m i l S e t t l e m e n t in M a l a y a : T h e F o u n d a t i o n of S t . J o s e p h ' s P a r i s h , B a g a n S e r a i

B y Rev. F r . R E N E F E E . (Translated from the French).

A few months ago, one of our Singapore weekly papers, recalling in its columns the establishment by the late bishop R. Fee of a Tamil settlement in the Kr i an District near the actual town of Bagan Serai, expressed the regret that no account had ever been writ ten of this pioneer's adventure.

II is the record of the beginning of this Tami l settlement written in 1892, by bishop Fee himself in the " B u l l e t i n de POEuvre des Partants " that we take pleasure, today, in giving the readers of the M . C. L . The translation from the original French version renders as possible the good humour which was characteristic of the much regretted bishop Fee.

Born in France in 1856, Rene Michael Marie Fee arrived in Penang in 1879. He began his missionary work under the guidance of the much revered F r . F . Hab in the parish of St. Francis Xavier . In 1882, as we shall see, he left for K r i a n Distr ict and at the cost of many tolls and hardships founded the Tami l settlement of Soosay Paleam in the middle of the primaeval forest. In 1894, F r . Fee started the parish of St. Anthony at Telok Anson and the next year he built a chapel at Tapah. It was there in his atap hut of 18 by 13 feet that our pioneer received the Papal B u l l which raised h im to the See of Malacca.

A s said already, his episcopacy was a short one. In 1903, the young bishop had to go on sick leave; alas! his disease, cancer in the throat, was beyond medical treatment, and on the 20th January 1904, God called back his faithful servant, our good Monseigneur Fee (Ed. M . C . L . ) .

A N I D E A — A F I R S T E X P L O R A T O R Y T O U R .

In 1879 I was entrusted with the care of the whole Tamil congrega­t ion that was scattered over all Pulau Penang and environs. Very soon experience made me realize the many inconveniences and draw backs that predicament in­volved, and having taken i t into my head to help i t in some wray or other, I fell a-dreaming of an agricultural settlement where the young Chris t ian generation would grow i n the shade of the village church and whither not few pagans would gradually come to seek and find salvation. These, in fact, as long as they remained in their heathenism infested environment, were not easily con­verted. B y fear and human respect they were deterred from the true fai th. M y idea was not

a new one. Pr ior to his illness that had compelled h im to leave off ministry, Father Hab, my pre­decessor, had cherished the same dream, but lacking the elements wherewith to put i t into realiza­tion he had to give i t up. After his return from Hongkong we had a long conversation on this same subject; we combined our sugges­tions and came to the conclusion that the undertaking was worth t ry ing . Bishop Gasnier gave his approval and Father Hab set off to scour the country in search of a suitable land. In the northern part of the State of Perak, at about the 30th mile from Penang, begins an immense plain, which, watered by the River Kurau , spreads out, from the hills to the sea, miles and miles of excellent soil for the cul­tivation of rice. It was towards this region that Father Hab bent

THE L A T E BISHOP RENE FEE.

his steps for a preliminary survey. Satisfied with the result of his inspection, he went over to Kua l a Kangsar capital of Perak, and there, at the Head Offices, was granted a concession of 200 acres of forest—I1/* miles off the small village of Bagan Serai.

Having made the acquisition of the land, we had only to occupy i t and to turn the forest into padi-fields. Ten gallant-minded men volunteered to enter upon the ad­venture. That is wThy, one day— the 19th January 1882—accom­

panied by these ten brave fellows, I embarked and sailed away wi th the intent to venture on the task of founding an Indian Colony, which, by way of anticipation, we had a l ­ready christened: Soosay Paleam, (St. Joseph's Encampment). It is the narrative of the various in ­cidents of this foundation that I undertake to write here as accu­rately as my recollection of them wi l l permit.

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12 M A L A Y A CATHOLIC L E A D E R , SATURDAY, MARCH 2nd 1935.

Catholic Affairs from Far and Near Death of The Rt. Rev. P. TM. Gendreau

of the Paris Foreign Mission Vicar Apostolic of Hanoi.

THE CHURCH L O S E S A G R E A T L E A D E R I N I N D O C H I N A .

Hanoi (Indochina). The Most Rev. Peter M . Gendreau, Ti tu lar Bishop of Chrysopolis and Vicar Apostolic of Hanoi , died in Hanoi February 6 at the age of 84, after 61 years of missionary life i n Ton­kin. He was a Bishop 47 years and had consecrated four succes­sive Coadjutor Bishops.

The mission territory of which he became head in 1892 had at that time 220,000 Catholics. Th i s same region to-day is divided into four ecclesiastical territories wi th a total Catholic population of 350,000.

Bishop Gendreau was born at Le Bwre-sur-Vie, in the Diocese of Lucon, France, November 26, 1850. He was ordained in June 1873 at the Paris Foreign Mission Semi­nary and sailed for Tonkin a few weeks later. The Christians of Tonkin were being persecuted when he arrived. H i s Bishop, Mgr. Puginier, ordered h i m to re­main at Hanoi , and after several months of language-study he was given the task of insti tuting the informative process for the beati­fication of the Tonkinese martyrs, a labour demanding much time and extreme care, which he completed successfully. In 1901, 27 martyrs were beatified at Rome, followed by s ix others in 1909, and the documents concerning the lives of

5400 Christ ians put to death during the bloody persecutions i n Tonkin were sent by h im to the Sacred Congregation of Rites.

He was consecrated by Bishop Puginier i n 1887, serving the latter as Coadjutor Bishop unt i l 1892 when Bishop Puginier died, and Bishop Gendreau, at the age of 42, became V i c a r Apostolic o f a vast area, the present Vicariates Apos-toKc of Hanoi , Phat Diem, Thanh Hba and H u n g Hoa, each of which is now ruled by a Bishop.

Many educational and charitable institutions were added to the mis­sions of Hanoi during Bishop Gendreau's regime. Among these is the new seminary of Hanoi which he placed under the direc­tion of the Sulpician Fathers. The Bishop took great pleasure in com­paring the beautiful new building with the seminary as i t was during the persecution, when the students were sheltered and instructed aboard a fleet of miserable li t t le rafts on the Red River.

He established a Carmelite Monastery at Hanoi in 1895. Saint Therese of Lis ieux asked and ob­tained permission to be sent to this convent, but when it came time for her to depart, her superiors, con­sidering her poor health and the rigours of such a long journey, were obliged to reverse their decision.

Bishop Gendreau's priests held him in affectionate admiration. His Christians looked upon h im as a father. His pastoral visi ts , which he never omitted despite the weight of years, wi l l remain clas­sics. Twice each year, i n the spring and in the autumn, he set out, on horseback when he was younger, later by motor-car, and sometimes during recent years i n his own novel palanquin, a ham­mock swung under a long pole which was supported at each end by a native porter. R ich and poor were free to approach h im. He taught catechism, confirmed, heard confessions, gave counsel, and when the day's work was done, he turned to his correspondence, and this part of his duties kept h im busy far into the night. He took very little rest. Blessed wi th un­usually good health and a consti­tution of iron he carried on his work to the very last days of his life.

Rev. John J . ConsicSne, M . M . , formerly Director of Fides Service, who visited Hanoi during his study-tour of the missions in 1932, recalls Bishop Gendreau in his articles, "Other Men's Lands," which were published in serial form three years ago.

"From the lips of all I heard that Indochina's most interesting wor­ker in active service was Bishop Gendreau," "wrote Father Con-sidine. " H i s Excellency was on a confirmation tour when I arrived, so I went to the tiny village of L u u X a and found him at his best. Here is a figure worth journeying around the world to meet.

"In through the garden gate we went to this little country rectory where His Excellency sat quietly after the confirmation ceremony of the morning. We found a heavy set man with a swarthy face, along the jaw of which grows a th in white beard which had long gone untrimmed. On his head was a heavy shock of creamy hair, l ike­wise uncut, bulging over his ears. Over his kindly, twinkl ing eyes were a pair of old-fashioned silver-rimmed glasses which he frequent­ly pushed up on his forehead. He wore a faded purple cassock and over it an overcoat much too large for h i m ; its sleeves touched his knuckles and barely escaped cover­ing his r ing. Striking, then, is his enormous pipe into which he was slowly stuffing tobacco as we arrived. Once lit i t burns for an hour and a half without a refill . He stood and I noticed he braced h im­self solidly and rocked himself slightly on his feet much after the manner of Pope Pius X I .

"And like His Holiness he is a man of marvellous staying power who fatigues all about h im, even those far younger. A t his present

(Continued on page 3)

A S I A . Golden-Jubilee Celebration at the Apostolic Delegation of Bangalore.

B A N G A L O R E (India). — The 50th anniversary of the founding of the Apostolic Delegation of the East Indies was celebrated at Bangalore February 12, the Pope's Coronation Day. A ceremony was held at the Delegration at which His Excellency Archbishop Kie r -kels, Apostolic Delegaate, presid­ed. A n address was given by Msgr. L . Vanpeene, Vicar General of the Diocese of Mysore.

The Apostolic Delegation of the East Indies w a s erected in 1884. Archbishop Agl iardi , later Car­dinal, was named first Delegate and held the post until 1887. He was succeeded by Archbishop A j u t i (1887-1891), Archbishop Zaleski (1892-1916), Archbishop Fumasoni-Biondi (1916-1919), new Cardinal Prefect of Propaganda, Archbishop Pisani (1919-1924), Archbishop Mooney (1924-1930), now Bishop of Rochester, New York , and Archbishop Kierkels, the present Delegate, who was named in 1931.

The Delegation was at first located at Kandy, on the island of Ceylon, and was transferred to Bangalore by Archbishop, now Cardinal, Fumasoni-Biondi.

(Fides). • * * *

82,145 Converts i n China Last Year.

S H A N G H A I . — T h e Directory of Catholic Missions in China for 1935, which has been published by the Bureau Sinologique at Zi-ka-wei, shows that 82,145 adult con­verts were received into the Church during the 12-month period ending June 30, 1934. There are now 2,702,468 Catholics in China, according to statistics given i n the Directory, and this number, compared with last year's figures, indicates a net increase of 78,908.

A brief analysis of the statistics, which is given in the Preface to the Directory, draws attention to several s t r ik ing increases during the last ten years. Ecclesiastical territories, for example, increased by 52 and now total 121. The Chinese secular clergy, wi th 1,660 priests, showrs an increase of 528. The number of Chinese brothers rose from 272 to 607, the number of Chinese sisters from 2,364 to 3,319. There are now 4,230 seminarists preparing for the prielsthood in the various major and minor seminaries throughout China, an increase of 1,680 since 1924. (Fides).

S H A N G H A I . — T h r e e aeroplanes purchased in the United States are expected to arrive here in March for the proposed air-service between Szechwan Province and Tibet. Aerodromes at Chengtu and at Lhassa are being planned by the China Aviat ion Corpora­tion, and engineers are to make a study of the route over which the machines wi l l fly. (Fides).

P E K I N G . — A translation of the Roman Missal in Chinese has been published by the Nazareth Press, Hongkong. The same printing-house has published a double-column edition of the Missal wi th the Chinese and La t in texts on the same page.

The Roman Missa l was trans­lated into Chinese for the first time by a Jesuit missionary. Father Louis Buglio, in 1670, says the Lumen Agency. This wrork was in classic Chinese and was printed at Peking. Onlv three copies are extant. (Fides).

E U R O P E . B R U S S E L S . Dr . Rudolph Weigl ,

Professor of Biology at the U n i ­versity of Lwow, Poland, discover­er of the anti-exanthematic serum which has saved the lives of many missionaries in Mongolia, has been honoured by the Belgian Govern­ment with the tit le of Knight Com­mander of the Order of Leopold. Father Joseph Rutten, of the Bel­gian Scheut Missionaries, has been carrying on a campaign against exanthematic typhus in north China and Mongolia, and since he began to use Dr . Weigl 's vaccine in 1931, shortly after its discovery, there has not been a single loss from exanthematic typhus among the missionary personnel, whereas during the 20-year period preced­ing its discovery, 84 missionaries died of the disease, 46 of whom were under the age of 35. Dr . Weigl was also honoured by the Holy Father last year when he was made Knight Commander of the Order of Saint Gregory the Great.

(Fides).

R O M E . Seven Brothers of Mer­cy, of Treves Germany, sailed from Brindisi February 14, two of whom are destined for the Vicariate of Hiroshima, Japan, wThile five wil l go to Shanghai to take over the direction of the men's section of a new hospital for mental diseases which has been built by M r . L o Pa Hong. The Brothers of Mercy have been working with the Ger­man Hesuit missionaries in Hiro­shima, isince 1930. In 1933 they took over a hospital in Lanchowv in the far western interior of China, a territory staffed by Fa­thers of the Divine Word Societv.

(Fides). * * * *

A M E R I C A . W I N N I P E G (Canada). — Five

Catholic newspapers, one in Ger­man, another i n Polish, another in French, the fourth in Engl ish and the fifth a paper for Ruthenian immigrants in western Canada, are published by the West Canada Publishing Company under the direction of the Oblate Mission­aries of Mary Immaculate. The West Canada Publishing Company was founded by German Oblate Missionaries in 1907 to launch a Catholic journal for German settlers in Canada. The other papers were founded, or taken over, in subsequent years. (Fides).

* * * *

A F R I C A . W I N D H O E K (South Africa).

Lions, leopards and wolf-dogs are causing much damage in the upper region of the Southwest Territory, between the border of Portuguese Angola and Damaraland, according to a despatch from Windhoek. Catholic missionaries there, Ger­man Oblates of Mary Immaculate, report a loss of more than 100 head of live-stock during the last six months in one small district near the Okawango River .

(Fides).

M A L A Y A C A T H O L I C L E A D E R , S A T U R D A Y , M A R C H 2nd 1935. 13

T h e B e g i n n i n g o f a T a m i l S e t t l e m e n t in M a l a y a : T h e F o u n d a t i o n of S t . J o s e p h ' s P a r i s h , B a g a n S e r a i

B y Rev. F r . R E N E F E E . (Translated from the French).

A few months ago, one of our Singapore weekly papers, recalling in its columns the establishment by the late bishop R. Fee of a Tamil settlement in the Kr i an District near the actual town of Bagan Serai, expressed the regret that no account had ever been writ ten of this pioneer's adventure.

II is the record of the beginning of this Tami l settlement written in 1892, by bishop Fee himself in the " B u l l e t i n de POEuvre des Partants " that we take pleasure, today, in giving the readers of the M . C. L . The translation from the original French version renders as possible the good humour which was characteristic of the much regretted bishop Fee.

Born in France in 1856, Rene Michael Marie Fee arrived in Penang in 1879. He began his missionary work under the guidance of the much revered F r . F . Hab in the parish of St. Francis Xavier . In 1882, as we shall see, he left for K r i a n Distr ict and at the cost of many tolls and hardships founded the Tami l settlement of Soosay Paleam in the middle of the primaeval forest. In 1894, F r . Fee started the parish of St. Anthony at Telok Anson and the next year he built a chapel at Tapah. It was there in his atap hut of 18 by 13 feet that our pioneer received the Papal B u l l which raised h im to the See of Malacca.

A s said already, his episcopacy was a short one. In 1903, the young bishop had to go on sick leave; alas! his disease, cancer in the throat, was beyond medical treatment, and on the 20th January 1904, God called back his faithful servant, our good Monseigneur Fee (Ed. M . C . L . ) .

A N I D E A — A F I R S T E X P L O R A T O R Y T O U R .

In 1879 I was entrusted with the care of the whole Tamil congrega­t ion that was scattered over all Pulau Penang and environs. Very soon experience made me realize the many inconveniences and draw backs that predicament in­volved, and having taken i t into my head to help i t in some wray or other, I fell a-dreaming of an agricultural settlement where the young Chris t ian generation would grow i n the shade of the village church and whither not few pagans would gradually come to seek and find salvation. These, in fact, as long as they remained in their heathenism infested environment, were not easily con­verted. B y fear and human respect they were deterred from the true fai th. M y idea was not

a new one. Pr ior to his illness that had compelled h im to leave off ministry, Father Hab, my pre­decessor, had cherished the same dream, but lacking the elements wherewith to put i t into realiza­tion he had to give i t up. After his return from Hongkong we had a long conversation on this same subject; we combined our sugges­tions and came to the conclusion that the undertaking was worth t ry ing . Bishop Gasnier gave his approval and Father Hab set off to scour the country in search of a suitable land. In the northern part of the State of Perak, at about the 30th mile from Penang, begins an immense plain, which, watered by the River Kurau , spreads out, from the hills to the sea, miles and miles of excellent soil for the cul­tivation of rice. It was towards this region that Father Hab bent

THE L A T E BISHOP RENE FEE.

his steps for a preliminary survey. Satisfied with the result of his inspection, he went over to Kua l a Kangsar capital of Perak, and there, at the Head Offices, was granted a concession of 200 acres of forest—I1/* miles off the small village of Bagan Serai.

Having made the acquisition of the land, we had only to occupy i t and to turn the forest into padi-fields. Ten gallant-minded men volunteered to enter upon the ad­venture. That is wThy, one day— the 19th January 1882—accom­

panied by these ten brave fellows, I embarked and sailed away wi th the intent to venture on the task of founding an Indian Colony, which, by way of anticipation, we had a l ­ready christened: Soosay Paleam, (St. Joseph's Encampment). It is the narrative of the various in ­cidents of this foundation that I undertake to write here as accu­rately as my recollection of them wi l l permit.

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M A L A Y A N CATHOLIC L E A D E R , SATURDAY, MARCH 2nd 1935.

OUR QUESTION BOX CORRESPONDENCE.

OUR QUESTION BOX.

[Readers are kindly invited to send in questions on religious dogmas or standards of moral conduct. Such questions must be put m good faith with a view to obviating any dubiety or adjusting any inaccuracy in pertinent matters of faith or morals. All ques­tions must be accompanied by the names and addresses of questioners, not necessarUy for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. The Editor reserves the right to reject any question, which in his opinion, may appear trivial or* frivolous.]

Question: l a Bapt ism absolute­ly necessary for salvation? How c*n a merciful and jus t God allow Mttle infants, who through no fault of theirs die unbaptized, to spffer forever i n hell.

M.C .S .

A n s w e r ; "The Cathol ic Church has defined fSreart., Sess. V I I , De Babt., can. "that baptism is necessary for. saturation. The words of Chr is t are iflain: "Un le s s a man be born again o f water and the Ho ly Ghost, he cannot enter into the kingdom o f G o d " , (John H I . 5), H e commands universal baptism (XXVin. 19), declaring: " H e that believeth and is baptized shall be saved, but he that be­lieveth not shall be condemned."

This necessity follows from the fact that all men are born "chi ld­ren of wra th" (Eph . I I . 3); that is , i n original s in (Rom. V . 12) and need therefore the regenera­t i o n or new bir th of which the Saviour speaks. Th i s doctrine of the Church was clearly taught in the fourth century by the con­demnation of the Pelagians, who denied the necessity of baptism for children.

Th is necessity is not str ict ly absolute, as we learn from Trent., Sess. V I . De Justif., can. 4, which declared that "since the promul­gation of the Gospel there is no translat ion from the State of Old A d a m to the State o f Grace . . . without the laver of regeneration, or the desire <T it" (John in. 5 ; E p h . , V . 25, 26).

In cases o f necessity, therefore, -this, baptism of desire wi l l suffice for salvation; and the perfect love of. God ("He that loveth Me shall be loved of M y Father ," John X I V . 21), and sorrow for sin, sorely include the desire to fulfil every command of Christ . Such i s ' t h e teaching of St. Augustine ( l £ Bapt., I V . 22), and St. A m b ­rose i n a sermon preached at Mi lan on I the death of the catechumen Valentinian n.

Martyrdom also, or baptism of blood, has always been considered equivalent to baptism of water, according to the words of Chr i s t : "Every , one, therefore, that shall confess Me before Men , I w i l l also confess h im before m y Father Who i s i n heaven" (Matt. X . 32). Even unbaptized children, murdered out o f hatred for Jesus Christ , are considered saints by the Church (see Feast of the Ho ly Innoceats,

Dec. 28th). In the case of adults.

martyrdom must be fully embrac­ed, and from supernatural motives alone. "He that shall lose his life for Me, shall find i t " Matt . X . 39).

W i t h regard to children who die unbaptized, we Catholics generally hold, that they do not suffer any punishment. The most common teaching on the matter is that they are indeed excluded from heaven and the supernatural v i ­sion of God, because they have not fulfilled the condition laid down by Chris t (John in. 5). This priva­tion, however, is not unjust on God's part, for the glory of heaven is a free supernatural gift not due to human nature; nor does i t im­ply suffering, for the little ones most likely do not even know there is such a th ing as the Beatific Vis ion , and so know God and re­joice i n H i m , as St . Thomas tea­ches, "by a natural knowledge and love." We might compare them to adopted children on this earth who, not knowing the fact of their real mother's death, have never felt the pain of that privation.

T H E STORY~ O F A R C H B I S H O P R E D W O O D S " S T R A D . "

Treasure Bequeathed to a College. A Stradivarius which had been

i n the possession of Archbishop Redwood for over a quarter of a century, has been bequeathed by him to St. Patr ick 's College, Silver-stream, his favourite among the scholastic institutions which he founded (a Reuter message from Wellington, New Zealand says). The late Archbishop presided at the prize-giving at St. Patrick's last December.^

The "Strad" was the most valu­able violin i n Austral ia or New Zealand, and the manner i n which it c a m ^ r n t o " the possession of Archbishop Redwood is a romantic story.

Dur ing the happy days of his youth at St. Chamond in the lovely Loire district of France he gained an early love of music. There he learned to play the violin and in later years he never travelled with­out one.

On one of his visits to England he was accompanied by a young priest, also a great devotee of mu­sic. When travelling in Yorkshire thej Archbishop and his companion were invited to the house not far from York of a wealthy elderly Roman Catholic, who also was mu­sical. The conversation naturally turned to music and the Archbi ­shop was induced to play on his own violin. The host then pro­duced his volin, a genuine "Strad," and the Archbishop also played on this masterpiece from Old Cre­mona.

It transpired during the conver­sation that the owner, who had no family, was not easy in his mind as to the ownership of the "Strad" after his death, and eventually, it is related, he decided that his pre­cious violin could be in no better hands than those of his visitors. When Archbishop Redwood left England for New Zealand he car­ried with him the violin, which he cherished as a child up to the day of his death.

T H E B I G I N M N G O F T A M I L S E T T L E M E N T .

(Continued from pugt 1 3 )

*Then, on the 19th of January 1882 I took passage on board a little steamer plying between Penang and up K r i a n River, and on the evening of the same day I landed safe and sound wi th my escort at Pari t Buntar, chief town of Kurau District. The Officer-in-charge, M r . Leech, received me with much kindness and graciously offered to come himself to show us the land and settle us in i t . The next morning we set off on foot. The journey was a heavy one and the day one of hardships. The road newly made, newly opened to traffic was damaged and spoiled i n many places by the showers of the last rainy season. The sun de­cidedly meant to be more torr id than usual; the forest standing up as a wal l on both sides of our nar­row track stopped the breeze and stored the heat therein, and, ever, onward the road unrolled in a tediously straight line like an end­less ribbon. Our luggage pilled up in a small barge followed, toilsome­ly towed along by our men on the water of a ditch dug alongside the road. Nor was this an additional comfort to the amenities of our journey. About 1 p.m. we halted. A t last! we were on the threshold of the area alloted for our pros­pective Colony. The Magistrate showed me the boundaries thereof and after a vigorous shaking of hands leapt into a Malay boat and allowed himself to be carried away down the stream of a small r iver which after many windings across the forest, conveyed h im to his residence before night. A s for us, we trudged along towards Bagan Serai where we had to put up for ourselves some temporary shelter. It was 2 p.m. when we reached that place, perspiring, blowing, panting, knocked up.

A Malay hut was near by and providentially empty. We occupi­ed i t . O h ! the premises were not a palace—far from it .

The Malay Hut . Ha l f a score of nibong-stilts

sustaining, 5 feet above ground, a sort of cage, 15ft. long and 10ft. broad. Such was the crude structure of this shack. The cabin was attap-roofed and attap walled. Its floor was made of laths of split nibong joined and tied together with rattan. This floor was so open-worked that it ensured a blessed ventilation and so pliant that one could not step on it with­out enjoying the fun of seeing everything rock and dance around him. While the owner was busy carpentering a ladder that would give us admittance into the build­ing, I managed by stealth to hoist myself inside and, forthwith, with­out taking off my boots, (courage failed me to do so) I stretched myself down on the floor. When I awoke, I saw that the tranship­ment of our luggage and the mov­ing in were completed; the cooking pot was a-boiling under the super­vision of an amateur cook and our men, squatted all round, were by way of fore-taste, inhaling the tempting flavours thereform. A s a rule, dry fish curry is not' a dish at which one turns up one's nose, but there are days when i t proves

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most delicious. Such was the case wi th us on that unforgotten day. Useless to say that we ate heartily and did justice to our rice and curry. Once we had taken our meal and made our devotions, everyone settled himself as com­fortably as he could for the pur­pose of seeking i n a refreshing slumber the oblivion of the tolls of the day. The Mosquitoes.

A l a s ! to seek does not always mean to find. We had not reckon­ed wi th the mosquitoes. The nightfall brought in a real cloud of them. I had seen mosquitoes before, I have seen some since, but never have I met mosquitoes so ravenous as those of Kurau . One would say that wi th the -leopard's spotted colour, they have also its rapacity. So there were we, lying, given over to that host o f perilous parasites and we had no mosquito net. In truth, I had one i n my bag, but well knowing that I could not shelter us al l in i t , I did not open my lips and heroically let myself be devoured for the sake of good example. Is i t not said that in Russia, General Drouot saved the "morale" of his army by the example of endurance he gave? Likewise, mine example was suc­cessful i n hushing up the complaints and the murmurs, but not in bringing sleep. It was in vain for us to pretend to sleep. Meanwhile the mosquitoes were not asleep at al l and as hungry harpies kept hovering and hum­ming around, disturbing our sleep and dr iv ing their stings into us. A t last, t ired out, someone had the luminous idea to have them smok­ed out. A b ig fire was lighted be­neath the floor, the smoke rose, entered and before the smoke the enemy left the place. We remain­ed the masters of the battle field, but we were a l l vy ing wi th one another in weeping, coughing and sneezing. A t length sleep over­came us. The mosquitoes could come back and have fine and easy sport. They did come, the wicked wretches! and early next morning I was awakened by a noise as of a volley of crackings: m y men, new "flagellantes" were engaged in scourging their anatomies with the hope-an idle one at that, of crushing some toormentor.

(To be continued)

MEMORIES OF LOURDES,

(Continued from page 2)

We were back to the Grotto in time to see the sick brought down to the baths. They are placed be­fore the Grotto to await their tu rn for immersion i n the water, and the prayers and hymns are offered by the priests and people all the time for their recovery. We have seen patients carried through the door leading to the bath, and after bathing in the water, we have seen them walk out cured.

While we were joining in the prayers, Our Lady was pleased to grant us a great privilege We noticed one poor woman ly ing on her stretcher before the Grotto. The sun had come over the rock since she was placed there, and now shone ful l on her fa,*e. She

I was completely paralysed and j able to raise her hand to shade

herself, so we put ourselves before her to protect her. A s she smiled her thanks, we bent and asked i f she would like a drink of the water. She nodded assent and go­ing to the Fountain, we filled a goblet and l i f t ing her head, put i t to her lips. She drank a little and lay back exhausted. Af te r a few seconds a flush spread over her face; she looked up wi th such frightened expectant eyes, then "with a moan she raised up the poor wasted hands that for seven years had been unable to move. W e stooped down to kiss them as they came straight from Mary ' s healing touch, and then called the attendants to keep off the crowd, who get so excited when a cure takes place, that, i f the attendants were not there, very often the patient would be in danger of be­ing crushed to death. Some priests and nuns now formed a r ing around her. V e r y slowly she rose from the stretcher, took a few staggering steps, then grew bolder and walked alone; then wi th a wi ld cry she threw herself at the foot of the Grotto and sobbed out her thanks, and all that huge crowd wept wi th her. We saw her afterwards, attending the s ick She was a poor peasant from the Nor th of France, and she remain­ed a fortnight at Lourdes to offer thanks to Our Lady. Y o u are so In touch wi th the supernatural at Lourdes that the miracles scarce­ly surprise you—you expect them; but to us the greatest wonder there was to see genuine look of happiness and congratulation on the faces of the sick when one of their number was cured. Not once did we see a sign of jealousy or resentment when they were left with their burden of misery, and those beside them restored.

How quickly the memories of that visit to Lourdes crowd on us! And how sweet they are! We should like to dwell on them and re-live them, but we must cut them short. A l l too soon we had to leave Lourdes. We watched again for that fleeting glimpse of the Grotto from the train. The pilgrims were clustered around i t ; the priest was in the pulpit, and ^re could almost fancy we caught the strain of Ave, Ave, Ave Maria!

St. Anschar s Church To-day B y Eric Scharies, for Fides

Service.

In the Cathedral of Reykjavik, Iceland, a statue of Arason Jon was unveiled last November 11th. Arason Jon, put to death i n 1550 by agents of the K i n g of Denmark because of his strong stand in defense of Catholicism, was the last Catholic bishop of Iceland be­fore the "Reformation." The

Sixteenth centuries—St. Canute, K i n g of Denmark, St. Olaf, K i n g of Norway, St. Er i c , K i n g of Sweden and Finland, ^$t. Henry, Bishop of Upsal, St. Bridget and others. Monastery ruins and cathedrals st i l l standing testify to that Golden Age of faith.

Unfortunately, the ' Scandinavi­an countries and their island de­pendencies were drawn into the Lutheran heresy i n the Sixteenth

ST. ANSCHAR OF SCANDINAVIA.

event was important locally be­cause the^ martyred-bishop^s^iield as a hero in the country; but for the rest of the world, i t merely draws attention once more to the insignificant number of Catholics to-day in the Scandinavian nations.

The names of many missionary saints are found in the annals of the Church's bir th and growth in the Nor th Countries, best known of whom is St. Anschar, a Bene­dictine born in Picardy who went to Denmark wi th K i n g Harold when that monarch was returning from exile. He was again Har­old's travelling companion when the K i n g was expelled the second time, but he found favour in Sweden and from there made several missionary excursions back into Denmark. St. Wil l ibrord had preceded h im by a century in Denmark and Helgoland but, it is believed, with little success in those countries.

Although the Scandinavian na­tions venerate St. Anschar as their first apostle, there are other names linked wi th the Church in the Nor th during the age of fer­vour between the Nin th and the

century. Kings, greedy of the Church's possessions, accepted the ' reformed" religion and forced the same on their subjects. A period of persecution, suffering and mar­tyrdom ensued, followed by three dark centuries i n which Catholic worship was forbidden.

Better days began to dawn for the church in the Nor th Countries towards the middle of the last century. Liber ty was re­gained in all countries though Sweden st i l l maintains the old intolerant spirit. In those nations the Church is now in a period of renascence, but the Catholic body is s t i l l t iny, weak and struggling.

Denmark, with 3,400,000 in­habitants, has 25.000 Catholics. There is one Catholic bishop and he is assisted by 84 priests, 41 brothers and 829 sisters.

Danish laws grant Catholics freedom of worship, but Luther­anism, being the State Religion, enjoys greater privileges. The

(Continued on page 6.)

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T H E C I N E M A C A N B E A

S C H O O L F O R CRIME.

(Continued from page I)

The good already achieved had been largely achieved by Catho­lics who had boycotted bad films and bad cinemas. To effect last­ing results, that boycott must be maintained. There must be no relaxation of our efforts, un­t i l a complete clean-up had been accomplished. The eyes of the world were upon us.

Archbishop Of Canterbury's Demand.

It is gratifying to find that the Catholic campaign for clean films fs being accompanied by a some­what similar campaign by the Archbishop of Canterbury and other non-Catholics. The A r c h ­bishop, on Tuesday, headed a deputation to the Pr ime Minister to ask him for an inquiry into the morals of films and the present censorship. The Premier refused to make a promise, but i t is to be hoped that the Archbishop and his friends persist i n the campaign 4iil M r . Ramsay MacDonald changes his mind and the cinema has been cleansed.

A man walked into a shop and asked for a pair of boots. The as­sistant, a youth of fourteen, showed him a suitable pair, the price being 16s. 6d. The custom­er stated that he had only 13s. 6d. with him, and required i f he could pay that and br ing the "balance next day. He was told that he could.

M A L A Y A N CATHOLIC L E A D E R , SATURDAY, MARCH 2nd 1935.

OUR QUESTION BOX CORRESPONDENCE.

OUR QUESTION BOX.

[Readers are kindly invited to send in questions on religious dogmas or standards of moral conduct. Such questions must be put m good faith with a view to obviating any dubiety or adjusting any inaccuracy in pertinent matters of faith or morals. All ques­tions must be accompanied by the names and addresses of questioners, not necessarUy for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. The Editor reserves the right to reject any question, which in his opinion, may appear trivial or* frivolous.]

Question: l a Bapt ism absolute­ly necessary for salvation? How c*n a merciful and jus t God allow Mttle infants, who through no fault of theirs die unbaptized, to spffer forever i n hell.

M.C .S .

A n s w e r ; "The Cathol ic Church has defined fSreart., Sess. V I I , De Babt., can. "that baptism is necessary for. saturation. The words of Chr is t are iflain: "Un le s s a man be born again o f water and the Ho ly Ghost, he cannot enter into the kingdom o f G o d " , (John H I . 5), H e commands universal baptism (XXVin. 19), declaring: " H e that believeth and is baptized shall be saved, but he that be­lieveth not shall be condemned."

This necessity follows from the fact that all men are born "chi ld­ren of wra th" (Eph . I I . 3); that is , i n original s in (Rom. V . 12) and need therefore the regenera­t i o n or new bir th of which the Saviour speaks. Th i s doctrine of the Church was clearly taught in the fourth century by the con­demnation of the Pelagians, who denied the necessity of baptism for children.

Th is necessity is not str ict ly absolute, as we learn from Trent., Sess. V I . De Justif., can. 4, which declared that "since the promul­gation of the Gospel there is no translat ion from the State of Old A d a m to the State o f Grace . . . without the laver of regeneration, or the desire <T it" (John in. 5 ; E p h . , V . 25, 26).

In cases o f necessity, therefore, -this, baptism of desire wi l l suffice for salvation; and the perfect love of. God ("He that loveth Me shall be loved of M y Father ," John X I V . 21), and sorrow for sin, sorely include the desire to fulfil every command of Christ . Such i s ' t h e teaching of St. Augustine ( l £ Bapt., I V . 22), and St. A m b ­rose i n a sermon preached at Mi lan on I the death of the catechumen Valentinian n.

Martyrdom also, or baptism of blood, has always been considered equivalent to baptism of water, according to the words of Chr i s t : "Every , one, therefore, that shall confess Me before Men , I w i l l also confess h im before m y Father Who i s i n heaven" (Matt. X . 32). Even unbaptized children, murdered out o f hatred for Jesus Christ , are considered saints by the Church (see Feast of the Ho ly Innoceats,

Dec. 28th). In the case of adults.

martyrdom must be fully embrac­ed, and from supernatural motives alone. "He that shall lose his life for Me, shall find i t " Matt . X . 39).

W i t h regard to children who die unbaptized, we Catholics generally hold, that they do not suffer any punishment. The most common teaching on the matter is that they are indeed excluded from heaven and the supernatural v i ­sion of God, because they have not fulfilled the condition laid down by Chris t (John in. 5). This priva­tion, however, is not unjust on God's part, for the glory of heaven is a free supernatural gift not due to human nature; nor does i t im­ply suffering, for the little ones most likely do not even know there is such a th ing as the Beatific Vis ion , and so know God and re­joice i n H i m , as St . Thomas tea­ches, "by a natural knowledge and love." We might compare them to adopted children on this earth who, not knowing the fact of their real mother's death, have never felt the pain of that privation.

T H E STORY~ O F A R C H B I S H O P R E D W O O D S " S T R A D . "

Treasure Bequeathed to a College. A Stradivarius which had been

i n the possession of Archbishop Redwood for over a quarter of a century, has been bequeathed by him to St. Patr ick 's College, Silver-stream, his favourite among the scholastic institutions which he founded (a Reuter message from Wellington, New Zealand says). The late Archbishop presided at the prize-giving at St. Patrick's last December.^

The "Strad" was the most valu­able violin i n Austral ia or New Zealand, and the manner i n which it c a m ^ r n t o " the possession of Archbishop Redwood is a romantic story.

Dur ing the happy days of his youth at St. Chamond in the lovely Loire district of France he gained an early love of music. There he learned to play the violin and in later years he never travelled with­out one.

On one of his visits to England he was accompanied by a young priest, also a great devotee of mu­sic. When travelling in Yorkshire thej Archbishop and his companion were invited to the house not far from York of a wealthy elderly Roman Catholic, who also was mu­sical. The conversation naturally turned to music and the Archbi ­shop was induced to play on his own violin. The host then pro­duced his volin, a genuine "Strad," and the Archbishop also played on this masterpiece from Old Cre­mona.

It transpired during the conver­sation that the owner, who had no family, was not easy in his mind as to the ownership of the "Strad" after his death, and eventually, it is related, he decided that his pre­cious violin could be in no better hands than those of his visitors. When Archbishop Redwood left England for New Zealand he car­ried with him the violin, which he cherished as a child up to the day of his death.

T H E B I G I N M N G O F T A M I L S E T T L E M E N T .

(Continued from pugt 1 3 )

*Then, on the 19th of January 1882 I took passage on board a little steamer plying between Penang and up K r i a n River, and on the evening of the same day I landed safe and sound wi th my escort at Pari t Buntar, chief town of Kurau District. The Officer-in-charge, M r . Leech, received me with much kindness and graciously offered to come himself to show us the land and settle us in i t . The next morning we set off on foot. The journey was a heavy one and the day one of hardships. The road newly made, newly opened to traffic was damaged and spoiled i n many places by the showers of the last rainy season. The sun de­cidedly meant to be more torr id than usual; the forest standing up as a wal l on both sides of our nar­row track stopped the breeze and stored the heat therein, and, ever, onward the road unrolled in a tediously straight line like an end­less ribbon. Our luggage pilled up in a small barge followed, toilsome­ly towed along by our men on the water of a ditch dug alongside the road. Nor was this an additional comfort to the amenities of our journey. About 1 p.m. we halted. A t last! we were on the threshold of the area alloted for our pros­pective Colony. The Magistrate showed me the boundaries thereof and after a vigorous shaking of hands leapt into a Malay boat and allowed himself to be carried away down the stream of a small r iver which after many windings across the forest, conveyed h im to his residence before night. A s for us, we trudged along towards Bagan Serai where we had to put up for ourselves some temporary shelter. It was 2 p.m. when we reached that place, perspiring, blowing, panting, knocked up.

A Malay hut was near by and providentially empty. We occupi­ed i t . O h ! the premises were not a palace—far from it .

The Malay Hut . Ha l f a score of nibong-stilts

sustaining, 5 feet above ground, a sort of cage, 15ft. long and 10ft. broad. Such was the crude structure of this shack. The cabin was attap-roofed and attap walled. Its floor was made of laths of split nibong joined and tied together with rattan. This floor was so open-worked that it ensured a blessed ventilation and so pliant that one could not step on it with­out enjoying the fun of seeing everything rock and dance around him. While the owner was busy carpentering a ladder that would give us admittance into the build­ing, I managed by stealth to hoist myself inside and, forthwith, with­out taking off my boots, (courage failed me to do so) I stretched myself down on the floor. When I awoke, I saw that the tranship­ment of our luggage and the mov­ing in were completed; the cooking pot was a-boiling under the super­vision of an amateur cook and our men, squatted all round, were by way of fore-taste, inhaling the tempting flavours thereform. A s a rule, dry fish curry is not' a dish at which one turns up one's nose, but there are days when i t proves

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most delicious. Such was the case wi th us on that unforgotten day. Useless to say that we ate heartily and did justice to our rice and curry. Once we had taken our meal and made our devotions, everyone settled himself as com­fortably as he could for the pur­pose of seeking i n a refreshing slumber the oblivion of the tolls of the day. The Mosquitoes.

A l a s ! to seek does not always mean to find. We had not reckon­ed wi th the mosquitoes. The nightfall brought in a real cloud of them. I had seen mosquitoes before, I have seen some since, but never have I met mosquitoes so ravenous as those of Kurau . One would say that wi th the -leopard's spotted colour, they have also its rapacity. So there were we, lying, given over to that host o f perilous parasites and we had no mosquito net. In truth, I had one i n my bag, but well knowing that I could not shelter us al l in i t , I did not open my lips and heroically let myself be devoured for the sake of good example. Is i t not said that in Russia, General Drouot saved the "morale" of his army by the example of endurance he gave? Likewise, mine example was suc­cessful i n hushing up the complaints and the murmurs, but not in bringing sleep. It was in vain for us to pretend to sleep. Meanwhile the mosquitoes were not asleep at al l and as hungry harpies kept hovering and hum­ming around, disturbing our sleep and dr iv ing their stings into us. A t last, t ired out, someone had the luminous idea to have them smok­ed out. A b ig fire was lighted be­neath the floor, the smoke rose, entered and before the smoke the enemy left the place. We remain­ed the masters of the battle field, but we were a l l vy ing wi th one another in weeping, coughing and sneezing. A t length sleep over­came us. The mosquitoes could come back and have fine and easy sport. They did come, the wicked wretches! and early next morning I was awakened by a noise as of a volley of crackings: m y men, new "flagellantes" were engaged in scourging their anatomies with the hope-an idle one at that, of crushing some toormentor.

(To be continued)

MEMORIES OF LOURDES,

(Continued from page 2)

We were back to the Grotto in time to see the sick brought down to the baths. They are placed be­fore the Grotto to await their tu rn for immersion i n the water, and the prayers and hymns are offered by the priests and people all the time for their recovery. We have seen patients carried through the door leading to the bath, and after bathing in the water, we have seen them walk out cured.

While we were joining in the prayers, Our Lady was pleased to grant us a great privilege We noticed one poor woman ly ing on her stretcher before the Grotto. The sun had come over the rock since she was placed there, and now shone ful l on her fa,*e. She

I was completely paralysed and j able to raise her hand to shade

herself, so we put ourselves before her to protect her. A s she smiled her thanks, we bent and asked i f she would like a drink of the water. She nodded assent and go­ing to the Fountain, we filled a goblet and l i f t ing her head, put i t to her lips. She drank a little and lay back exhausted. Af te r a few seconds a flush spread over her face; she looked up wi th such frightened expectant eyes, then "with a moan she raised up the poor wasted hands that for seven years had been unable to move. W e stooped down to kiss them as they came straight from Mary ' s healing touch, and then called the attendants to keep off the crowd, who get so excited when a cure takes place, that, i f the attendants were not there, very often the patient would be in danger of be­ing crushed to death. Some priests and nuns now formed a r ing around her. V e r y slowly she rose from the stretcher, took a few staggering steps, then grew bolder and walked alone; then wi th a wi ld cry she threw herself at the foot of the Grotto and sobbed out her thanks, and all that huge crowd wept wi th her. We saw her afterwards, attending the s ick She was a poor peasant from the Nor th of France, and she remain­ed a fortnight at Lourdes to offer thanks to Our Lady. Y o u are so In touch wi th the supernatural at Lourdes that the miracles scarce­ly surprise you—you expect them; but to us the greatest wonder there was to see genuine look of happiness and congratulation on the faces of the sick when one of their number was cured. Not once did we see a sign of jealousy or resentment when they were left with their burden of misery, and those beside them restored.

How quickly the memories of that visit to Lourdes crowd on us! And how sweet they are! We should like to dwell on them and re-live them, but we must cut them short. A l l too soon we had to leave Lourdes. We watched again for that fleeting glimpse of the Grotto from the train. The pilgrims were clustered around i t ; the priest was in the pulpit, and ^re could almost fancy we caught the strain of Ave, Ave, Ave Maria!

St. Anschar s Church To-day B y Eric Scharies, for Fides

Service.

In the Cathedral of Reykjavik, Iceland, a statue of Arason Jon was unveiled last November 11th. Arason Jon, put to death i n 1550 by agents of the K i n g of Denmark because of his strong stand in defense of Catholicism, was the last Catholic bishop of Iceland be­fore the "Reformation." The

Sixteenth centuries—St. Canute, K i n g of Denmark, St. Olaf, K i n g of Norway, St. Er i c , K i n g of Sweden and Finland, ^$t. Henry, Bishop of Upsal, St. Bridget and others. Monastery ruins and cathedrals st i l l standing testify to that Golden Age of faith.

Unfortunately, the ' Scandinavi­an countries and their island de­pendencies were drawn into the Lutheran heresy i n the Sixteenth

ST. ANSCHAR OF SCANDINAVIA.

event was important locally be­cause the^ martyred-bishop^s^iield as a hero in the country; but for the rest of the world, i t merely draws attention once more to the insignificant number of Catholics to-day in the Scandinavian nations.

The names of many missionary saints are found in the annals of the Church's bir th and growth in the Nor th Countries, best known of whom is St. Anschar, a Bene­dictine born in Picardy who went to Denmark wi th K i n g Harold when that monarch was returning from exile. He was again Har­old's travelling companion when the K i n g was expelled the second time, but he found favour in Sweden and from there made several missionary excursions back into Denmark. St. Wil l ibrord had preceded h im by a century in Denmark and Helgoland but, it is believed, with little success in those countries.

Although the Scandinavian na­tions venerate St. Anschar as their first apostle, there are other names linked wi th the Church in the Nor th during the age of fer­vour between the Nin th and the

century. Kings, greedy of the Church's possessions, accepted the ' reformed" religion and forced the same on their subjects. A period of persecution, suffering and mar­tyrdom ensued, followed by three dark centuries i n which Catholic worship was forbidden.

Better days began to dawn for the church in the Nor th Countries towards the middle of the last century. Liber ty was re­gained in all countries though Sweden st i l l maintains the old intolerant spirit. In those nations the Church is now in a period of renascence, but the Catholic body is s t i l l t iny, weak and struggling.

Denmark, with 3,400,000 in­habitants, has 25.000 Catholics. There is one Catholic bishop and he is assisted by 84 priests, 41 brothers and 829 sisters.

Danish laws grant Catholics freedom of worship, but Luther­anism, being the State Religion, enjoys greater privileges. The

(Continued on page 6.)

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T H E C I N E M A C A N B E A

S C H O O L F O R CRIME.

(Continued from page I)

The good already achieved had been largely achieved by Catho­lics who had boycotted bad films and bad cinemas. To effect last­ing results, that boycott must be maintained. There must be no relaxation of our efforts, un­t i l a complete clean-up had been accomplished. The eyes of the world were upon us.

Archbishop Of Canterbury's Demand.

It is gratifying to find that the Catholic campaign for clean films fs being accompanied by a some­what similar campaign by the Archbishop of Canterbury and other non-Catholics. The A r c h ­bishop, on Tuesday, headed a deputation to the Pr ime Minister to ask him for an inquiry into the morals of films and the present censorship. The Premier refused to make a promise, but i t is to be hoped that the Archbishop and his friends persist i n the campaign 4iil M r . Ramsay MacDonald changes his mind and the cinema has been cleansed.

A man walked into a shop and asked for a pair of boots. The as­sistant, a youth of fourteen, showed him a suitable pair, the price being 16s. 6d. The custom­er stated that he had only 13s. 6d. with him, and required i f he could pay that and br ing the "balance next day. He was told that he could.

16 M A L A Y A CATHOLIC L E A D E R , SATURDAY, MARCH 2nd 1935.

AROUND THE PARISHES SINGAPORE

VISIT TO THE CONVENT SCHOOL BY HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR SIR SHENTON

THOMAS AND LADY THOMAS. i t *

? Malay a heart must have gone riit-a-pat among the l i t t le ones at me Convent School, on Thursday, l£lst February morning, at the prospect of seeing the Governor aad* Ris charming wife and daugh­ter, ||>r a visi t hy stfch distinguish-

people is not an every-day qccurence.

; In. response to an invitation by the Lady Superior of the Convent, Rev. Mother St. James, His E x ­cellency, S i r Shenton Thomas, L a d y Thomas and Miss Thomas honoured the Convent School wi th a vis i t on Thursday, arr iv ing at the school at 10 a.m.

The distinguished guests were shown round the Building as they entered and when they caipe to the broad covered way leading to the school hall they were greeted with salutations of " Good Morning Y o u r Excellency and " Good Mor­n ing Ladies." L i t t l e girls of various nationalities were lined up two-deep on each side of the cover­ed way while banked at the end on the r ight hand were a group of ga i ly attired lit t le Chinese chi l ­dren. H i s Excellency spent a little t ime wi th the li t t le ones, saying a word here and a word there, i n his genial taking way, as he went along. The gubernatorial party were then ushered into the school hal l where they were greeted with a welcome song so sweetly sung by the school girls. This over the fol­lowing address was read by a Con­vent pupil, Miss M a r y Dust ing:—

Your Excellency and Lady Thomas.

I t is wi th great pleasure that we assemble here this morning to wel­come you both to our school, and to thank you for the privilege of th is greatly appreciated visit.

When the event was announced i n tfee different class-rooms a thr i l l o f delight shone out on every face: *<Hlay the anticipation is a reality and. ^ve feel highly honoured and deeply grateful.

The mark of interest shown in our school* by this visit of your Excellency and L a d y Thomas, wi l l noppnly find a place in the school Archives , but wi l l always remain engraved on the heart of each child who has the happiness of being present on this occasion.

The air is full of rumours of great joys for school children, i n connection wi th the forthcoming celebrations i n honour of the silver jubilee of H i s Majesty the K i n g , and we are looking forward to i t a l l w i th real pleasure. To-day in greeting Your Excellency; as the representative of our K i n g , may we express the hope that in the special messages sent to H i s Maies ty in M a y next, the loving and loyal congratulations of school chi ldren may not be forgotten.

In this corner of the great Br i t i sh Empire future citizens are preparing to follow in the footsteps of their noble predecessors, whose only thought was, fidelity to God and to country, and since the motto of our school is, u Simple in virtue and steadfast in Duty," it would mean disloyalty, i f our standard of citizenship failed to be what is expected from us, in return for all the privileges that are ours, here in school and under the peace-loving and thoughtful care of a government, that, puts the in­terests of children and their pro­gress, in the vanguard of colonial development.

Aga in , may we ask^Your Excel ­lency and Lady Thomas to accept hearty greetings of welcome, from al l the children of the Singapore, Convent School.

H i s Excellency then replied. In the course of his remarks he thanked the girls for their wel­come and said that he certainly would remember to send to the K i n g a message of their loving and loyal congratulations while he was grateful to them for the sugges­tion. He reminded them that chil­dren were sent to school not only to read and write but to learn from their teachers among other things, to be good straightforward and honest citizens, so that when they left school they would teach others what they had learned. He was glad to see them all and wished them success. A s he knew that children would like a holiday, in honour of the occasion he asked the Lady Superior to grant them a half holiday.

A bouquet of flowers was after­wards presented to Lady Thomas by Miss Margaret Chan and an­other to Miss Thomas by Miss Stella de Souza.

A visit to other portions of the building was made by the guber­natorial party, anions: the places visited were the chapel, the board­ers' and orphans' dormitories, and the creche, after which they took their leave.

Serangoon, Singapore.

H . I. E . SCHOOL.

A n excursion to the sea-side bungalow of the French Mission, 1014 mile, Ponggol, was made by £ party of 60 students and 4 tea­chers of the above school, on the 23rd instant.

Altogether an enjoyable day was spent, for all the students partook in land and sea-sports.

The party spent the afternoon in exploring the neighbourhood and returned late in the evening by lorry.

St. Joseph's Church Singapore:— ST. A N T H O N Y ' S B R E A D F U N D .

Thirtyfirst Annual report of the St. Anthony's Bread Fund for the year 1934.

Received up to 31st Dec. §3,556.58 Expended up to 31st Dec. 3,726.26 Excess of expenditure

over receipts $ 169.68

Receipts and expenditure for the year showed decreases of $67.54 and $440.85 respectively, as com­pared with the previous year.

There are 100 persons on the l ist receiving help, besides others who receive temporary relief.

The Committee acknowledge

wi th thanks the receipt of the A n ­nual grant of $240 from the Mis­sion Fund made by the Right Reverend D. Jose da Costa Nunes, Bishop of Macau, also the generous donations of $900 from the St. Joseph's Church and $100 from the Committee of the St. Joseph's Church Christmas Treat 1934. The Committee thank all donors and subscribers for past favours and solicit a continuance of their support.^

M r . M . Lopez resigned his ap­pointment as Collector and M r . C. B . Albuquerque was appointed an additional Collector. The Com­mittee record with deep regret the death of Mr . E . D. Fernandez, who took a great interest i n the'affairs of the Association.

C H I N E S E C A T H O L I C A C T I O N R E U N I O N M E E T I N G .

Church of Saints Peter and Paul, Singapore.

The Chinese Catholic Act ion celebrated its F i rs t Year by holding an Annual Re-union Meeting at the Pavilion Restaurant on Sunday the 24th instant. Sixty-three members attended the sumptuous tiffin pro­vided for the occasion. The guests of honour were Rev. Fathers Lee, Laurent, Tromp, Koh , Quintens, Michel, Verbois, and V a n de Sande.

In the course of his speech the Rev. Father Lee thanked M r . L i m Seng Khoon for having granted facility for the C. C. A . to have this cheerful gathering. It was quite appropriate for he had noticed that the spirit of the Actionists had been to make their neighbours cheerful in the service of God and of the Church. Their principle had been "It is happier to give than to receive." He regretted that much of the work done had not been made known to other members of the Parish. He enu­merated some of their activities not to make them elated but to urge them to continue and do more. "Men do not light a candle and put it under a bushel but upon a candlestick so let your light shine before men that they may see your good works and glo­rify your Father who is in heaven." A l l the Sections of the C. C. A . had been his right hand. The Benevolent Section had been instrumental in collecting and dis­

t r ibut ing more than a thousand dollars to relieve the poor of the Parish, besides visi t ing the poor in the hospitals. The "Help the D y i n g " Section had helped many in their hours of pain and suffering and consoled many families in their bereavement by their assidui­ty in vis i t ing their homes to say prayers together for their depart­ed. The Propaganda Section had been displaying all their energy to aid people to come into the True Fold. The C . M . Y . A . distinguished itself in rendering the Choir effi­cient and in helping the C. C. A . in so many of its activities. The Section of The Society of St. Fran­cis Xavier was now beginning to collect funds to help H i s Lordship in his Apostolic endeavours. The Press Section was very active and devoted in the work confined to them. The Li terary Section was new making preparations to found a Chinese School to be, called " Chinese Catholic Ac t ion School." To do that, they had to get funds. So far they had been promised a hundred dollars a month to support the school in view. They had to get a locality. The Compound of the Church was promised them. They had to build. They were now devising means to realise their dreams.

One more important help they had of late rendered and that had been known but to a very few. He availed himself of that occasion to make special mention of it and to express in a special manner his th ankfulness to Saint Teresa and to the President of the C. C. A. who again had come to the fore­ground to do something more for their Dear S A I N T T E R E S A . Through his untir ing efforts they had acquired about eight acres of land near St. Teresa's Church. On it would in the near future rise a Carmelite Convent surrounded by catholic homes. Special thanks were due as this had saved the Mission more than ten thousand dollars. H i s Lordship expressed a desire and was going to buy about two acres of land at 14 cents a square foot for a Carmelite Con­vent. Through the services rend­ered by their President the actual land was acquired for two and a half cents. That was a brilliant example for them to follow. That was helping their dear Bishop and the Church in question. There would rise in that quarter a small catholic town. The place, road and houses would be named, i f it all depended on him, after St. Teresa in fulfilment of a promise made before the purchase of that little h i l l—Buki t Teresa.

The President M r . Lee Keng Guan termed that first Anniver­sary of the C. C. A . as its first Bir thday. He thanked the Rev. Fathers who despite the heat were so k ind to be present and Mr. Lim Seng Khoon the Treasurer for the loan of his hall and the so many services rendered. He said that the C. C. A . had now attained the age of one year. It was now able to walk on its stronger limbs and

M A L A Y A CATHOLIC L E A D E R , SATURDAY, MARCH 2nd 1935. 17

AROUND THE PARISHES under the wise guidance of Rev. Father S. Lee the Spiri tual Direc­tor he hoped that all the members would be able to pace on stronger ground for more effective results for the glory of God. He also thanked Rev. Father Lee for his remarks on the various activities of the C. C. A . He urged all the Members to strive to better the C. C. A. ' s ground for the benefit of a l i — t o establish a Chinese Catho­lic Act ion School for both Catholic and non-catholic boys. Through it they might get more members and more conversions which was the special object of the Propagation of the Fai th. The boys of today would be the men of tomorrow. He therefore earnestly hoped that the school with the efforts of the Sec­tion in Charge would soon be es­tablished and that in time to come good results might come from that establishment for the greater glory of God.

Rev. Father K o h was called upon to give a speech. He arose amidst applause. He congratulated the C. C. A . in reaching its F i r s t A n n i ­versary and thanked the members for their k ind invitation hoping that since they remembered h im in their first year, they would not forget him in their second.

M r . L i m Seng Khoon proprietor of Messrs. L i m Khoon Heng and of the Pavilion restaurant thanked the above speakers for their kind words and expressed the hope that the second year of the C. C. A would see another happy gather­ing.

It was a very joyful affair and the Re-union tiffin ended in the most cheerful spirits.

of the Catholics of Malaya, for the speedy recovery of our beloved father.

Since F r . Baloche fell i l l , Rev. F r . Souhait, in co-operation with the priests of the Seminary, has been managing both the Assump­tion Church and St. Francis Xavier 's Church.

The BishoD's Vis i t to St . Xavier 's Church.

Sunday the 24th February was a big day for the parish of St. Xavier 's Tamil Church, Penang, for on that day his Lordship B i ­shop A . Devals gladdened the hearts of the parishioners by say­ing Holy Mass and offering special prayers for them. The church was packed to the fullest capacity and His Lordship was immensely pleased to see so many.

Hon. Treasurer— M r . Kam Kee Hock.

Members of the Press Comt.:— M r . Thoo Yoon Chin. M r . Wong Pow Nee.

There were tw7enty-four persons present at the meeting and all were enrolled as members but a marked increase of membership is expected in the near future. It was also decided that the monthly meeting should be held at the same place after mass.

* * * * P U L A U T I K U S .

M r . George Patrick Cooke, of Ceylon, the well-known cricketer was received into the Catholic-Church, on the 16th February, 1935, by the Revd. Father Souhait, at the Church of the Assumption, Penang.

His marriage with Miss Jose­phine Agnes Lesslar, daughter of the late Theophilus Joseph Lesslar of Penang, wil l take place on Saturday, the 23rd February, at the Church of the Assumption Penang.

Dr . J . P. Fitzpatrick, formerly Medical Officer of Tapah is now Deputy State Medical and Health Officer of Taiping.

P E R S O N A L I A . Rev. Fr . Pages, the late Superior

of Chengtu Seminary, China, is nowr in St. Xavier ' s Seminary, Serangoon, assisting Rev. F r . L . Auriol , in preparing candidates for the General College, Pulo Tikus, Penang.

The Rev. Father also assists Rev. F r . M . K o h , Vica r of the Church of the Na t iv i ty of the B . V . Mary, and he discharged his first parochial duty by saying the 8 o'clock mass on Sunday morning.

* * * *

About a hundred guests were present at the dinner in honour of the 71st Bi r thday of M r . James Teo Hong Nghee, of 930 Upper Serangoon, on Saturday night. Many greetings and good wishes were extended to M r . Teo.

A cheerful group of boys from the Church of the

Sacred Heart, Tank Road, Singapore.

P E N A N G . Rev. Father S. Baloche, the

vicar of St. Francis Xavier 's Church, Penang, who was admitted to the General Hospital three weeks ago suffering from a severe attack of Rheumatism, is s t i l l a patient in the hospital.

The Rev. Fa ther is confined to bed ever since his admission to the hospital, and is now improving satisfactorily. It w i l l take another couple of weeks, before he can be discharged from the hospital, and we earnestly request the prayers

Af ter Mass the Bishop was wel­comed at the Parochial house by the Tamil children of the parish.

It was a great pity that Rev. F r . Baloche, the parish priest was not present on that occasion, as he is unfortunately laid up and st i l l con­fined to the hospital.

* * * * Buki t Mertajam

Catholic Action Society. The Catholic Action Society of

Buki t Mertajam had its inaugural meeting at the residence of The Rev. Father Michael Seet on 10th February 1935. There was a fair gathering of all communities pre­sent at the meeting and after The Rev. F r . Seet had explained the aim and purpose of the society to those present the meeting proceed­ed with the election of office-bea­rers which resulted as follows:—

Spiritual Director— Rev. F r . Michael Seet.

President— Mr . Chee Soon Tee.

Vice-President— M r . Goh Soon Teik.

Hon. Secretary (Engl i sh)— M r . Chan Ewe P in .

Hon. Secretary (Chinese)— M r . Vong Ching K o n g .

T A I P I N G . Rev. F r . O. Dupoirieux went on

one of his periodic visits to Upper Perak. He was accompanied by Rev. F r . M . Bonamy of Sungei Pa tan i /Kedah . They left Taiping on Monday, 18th February, spent Tuesday in Lenggong, visited Grik cn Wednesday, and returned on Thursday. The Catholics in these parts are small in numbers.

# * * *

On the 5th February at 4-30 p.m. Rev. F r . O. Dupoirieux performed a very edifying cere­mony at 250 Tupai Kechi l , when Madam Liew Choon Lan consecrat­ed her family to the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus.

* * * * We congratulate Dr . L . W . Jaye-

suria on his recent appointment as Assistant Medical Officer of the Taiping Hospital. Dr . Jayesuria is an old boy of St. George's School, Ta ip ing ; in fact one of the first pupils of the Institution. After his secondary education, he was sent in 1927 as a government stu­dent to the College of Medicine in Singapore, where he took his deg­ree in the final examination held last year. We wish Dr . Jayesuria a long and successful career.

S E R E M B A N . The extensions to the Church of

the Visi tat ion is going on very rapidly, the front portion and the Belfry is nearing completion, and when completed wi l l add to the dignity of the. town of Seremban. Funds are urgently needed to com­pete the building and our Parish Priest Rev. F r . Auguin wi l l be grateful for further contributions. A n y donations could be sent direct to him Care of the Church of the Visi tat ion, Seremban.

A L O R S T A R . St. Nicholas Convent School.

Alor Star, was en fete on Monday, January 28, on the occasion of the visit of Reverend Mother St. Berthe, Assistant Superior General from Paris. The distinguished visi tor who was accompanied by Reverend Mother St. Tarcisius of Penang, Reverend Mother St. Dominique who is returning to France from Japan, and Madams St. Louis, St. Cezaire and St. Emi l e of the Penang Convent, was received by Miss Lawrence, the Head Mistress.

In honour of the visit the pupils of the School, which was opened only in January last year and now has an enrolment of nearly one hundred, grave a short entertain­ment. The programme opened wi th a song of welcome by the School. This was followed by an address by the little ones. The Malay girls—about a dozen in number—afterwards sang " We the daughters of the land." Physical dri l l by Standards n, III, and I V concluded the programme.

Af te r the entertainment Miss Zainab said a few words of wel­come in French and presented Revd. Mother St. Berthe with a lovely basket of flowers made by the pupils. Sweets having been distributed, a group photograph was taken.

The entertainment was attended to by H . H . Tungku Yacob and a few parents of the pupils.

H i s parishioners in Kedah wi l l be glad to hear that their beloved pastor, Reverend Father Riboud, has completely recovered from the liver-complaint that necessitated his return to France last year. The treatment at Vichy has cured him and he is eagerly looking for­ward to his return to the Mission. A s he naively puts i t in a letter, " I am feeling well, very well—too well to stay longer in France. Bu t my superiors wish me to rest a few months more."

"Father Riboud has been spend­ing his leave in Paris, the depart­ment "de la Dronee," Lyons, and Cassis, near Marseilles.

Whi le in Paris he paid many visits to the ' Bibliotheque N a -t ionale" where he discovered many facts concerning Kedah and made copious notes. He came across .letters, maps and pictures dealing with Kedah in the Six­teenth, Seventeenth, and E i g h ­teenth Centuries, as a result of the documents he has seen he thinks i t possible to determine the

(Continued on page 1 8 )

16 M A L A Y A CATHOLIC L E A D E R , SATURDAY, MARCH 2nd 1935.

AROUND THE PARISHES SINGAPORE

VISIT TO THE CONVENT SCHOOL BY HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR SIR SHENTON

THOMAS AND LADY THOMAS. i t *

? Malay a heart must have gone riit-a-pat among the l i t t le ones at me Convent School, on Thursday, l£lst February morning, at the prospect of seeing the Governor aad* Ris charming wife and daugh­ter, ||>r a visi t hy stfch distinguish-

people is not an every-day qccurence.

; In. response to an invitation by the Lady Superior of the Convent, Rev. Mother St. James, His E x ­cellency, S i r Shenton Thomas, L a d y Thomas and Miss Thomas honoured the Convent School wi th a vis i t on Thursday, arr iv ing at the school at 10 a.m.

The distinguished guests were shown round the Building as they entered and when they caipe to the broad covered way leading to the school hall they were greeted with salutations of " Good Morning Y o u r Excellency and " Good Mor­n ing Ladies." L i t t l e girls of various nationalities were lined up two-deep on each side of the cover­ed way while banked at the end on the r ight hand were a group of ga i ly attired lit t le Chinese chi l ­dren. H i s Excellency spent a little t ime wi th the li t t le ones, saying a word here and a word there, i n his genial taking way, as he went along. The gubernatorial party were then ushered into the school hal l where they were greeted with a welcome song so sweetly sung by the school girls. This over the fol­lowing address was read by a Con­vent pupil, Miss M a r y Dust ing:—

Your Excellency and Lady Thomas.

I t is wi th great pleasure that we assemble here this morning to wel­come you both to our school, and to thank you for the privilege of th is greatly appreciated visit.

When the event was announced i n tfee different class-rooms a thr i l l o f delight shone out on every face: *<Hlay the anticipation is a reality and. ^ve feel highly honoured and deeply grateful.

The mark of interest shown in our school* by this visit of your Excellency and L a d y Thomas, wi l l noppnly find a place in the school Archives , but wi l l always remain engraved on the heart of each child who has the happiness of being present on this occasion.

The air is full of rumours of great joys for school children, i n connection wi th the forthcoming celebrations i n honour of the silver jubilee of H i s Majesty the K i n g , and we are looking forward to i t a l l w i th real pleasure. To-day in greeting Your Excellency; as the representative of our K i n g , may we express the hope that in the special messages sent to H i s Maies ty in M a y next, the loving and loyal congratulations of school chi ldren may not be forgotten.

In this corner of the great Br i t i sh Empire future citizens are preparing to follow in the footsteps of their noble predecessors, whose only thought was, fidelity to God and to country, and since the motto of our school is, u Simple in virtue and steadfast in Duty," it would mean disloyalty, i f our standard of citizenship failed to be what is expected from us, in return for all the privileges that are ours, here in school and under the peace-loving and thoughtful care of a government, that, puts the in­terests of children and their pro­gress, in the vanguard of colonial development.

Aga in , may we ask^Your Excel ­lency and Lady Thomas to accept hearty greetings of welcome, from al l the children of the Singapore, Convent School.

H i s Excellency then replied. In the course of his remarks he thanked the girls for their wel­come and said that he certainly would remember to send to the K i n g a message of their loving and loyal congratulations while he was grateful to them for the sugges­tion. He reminded them that chil­dren were sent to school not only to read and write but to learn from their teachers among other things, to be good straightforward and honest citizens, so that when they left school they would teach others what they had learned. He was glad to see them all and wished them success. A s he knew that children would like a holiday, in honour of the occasion he asked the Lady Superior to grant them a half holiday.

A bouquet of flowers was after­wards presented to Lady Thomas by Miss Margaret Chan and an­other to Miss Thomas by Miss Stella de Souza.

A visit to other portions of the building was made by the guber­natorial party, anions: the places visited were the chapel, the board­ers' and orphans' dormitories, and the creche, after which they took their leave.

Serangoon, Singapore.

H . I. E . SCHOOL.

A n excursion to the sea-side bungalow of the French Mission, 1014 mile, Ponggol, was made by £ party of 60 students and 4 tea­chers of the above school, on the 23rd instant.

Altogether an enjoyable day was spent, for all the students partook in land and sea-sports.

The party spent the afternoon in exploring the neighbourhood and returned late in the evening by lorry.

St. Joseph's Church Singapore:— ST. A N T H O N Y ' S B R E A D F U N D .

Thirtyfirst Annual report of the St. Anthony's Bread Fund for the year 1934.

Received up to 31st Dec. §3,556.58 Expended up to 31st Dec. 3,726.26 Excess of expenditure

over receipts $ 169.68

Receipts and expenditure for the year showed decreases of $67.54 and $440.85 respectively, as com­pared with the previous year.

There are 100 persons on the l ist receiving help, besides others who receive temporary relief.

The Committee acknowledge

wi th thanks the receipt of the A n ­nual grant of $240 from the Mis­sion Fund made by the Right Reverend D. Jose da Costa Nunes, Bishop of Macau, also the generous donations of $900 from the St. Joseph's Church and $100 from the Committee of the St. Joseph's Church Christmas Treat 1934. The Committee thank all donors and subscribers for past favours and solicit a continuance of their support.^

M r . M . Lopez resigned his ap­pointment as Collector and M r . C. B . Albuquerque was appointed an additional Collector. The Com­mittee record with deep regret the death of Mr . E . D. Fernandez, who took a great interest i n the'affairs of the Association.

C H I N E S E C A T H O L I C A C T I O N R E U N I O N M E E T I N G .

Church of Saints Peter and Paul, Singapore.

The Chinese Catholic Act ion celebrated its F i rs t Year by holding an Annual Re-union Meeting at the Pavilion Restaurant on Sunday the 24th instant. Sixty-three members attended the sumptuous tiffin pro­vided for the occasion. The guests of honour were Rev. Fathers Lee, Laurent, Tromp, Koh , Quintens, Michel, Verbois, and V a n de Sande.

In the course of his speech the Rev. Father Lee thanked M r . L i m Seng Khoon for having granted facility for the C. C. A . to have this cheerful gathering. It was quite appropriate for he had noticed that the spirit of the Actionists had been to make their neighbours cheerful in the service of God and of the Church. Their principle had been "It is happier to give than to receive." He regretted that much of the work done had not been made known to other members of the Parish. He enu­merated some of their activities not to make them elated but to urge them to continue and do more. "Men do not light a candle and put it under a bushel but upon a candlestick so let your light shine before men that they may see your good works and glo­rify your Father who is in heaven." A l l the Sections of the C. C. A . had been his right hand. The Benevolent Section had been instrumental in collecting and dis­

t r ibut ing more than a thousand dollars to relieve the poor of the Parish, besides visi t ing the poor in the hospitals. The "Help the D y i n g " Section had helped many in their hours of pain and suffering and consoled many families in their bereavement by their assidui­ty in vis i t ing their homes to say prayers together for their depart­ed. The Propaganda Section had been displaying all their energy to aid people to come into the True Fold. The C . M . Y . A . distinguished itself in rendering the Choir effi­cient and in helping the C. C. A . in so many of its activities. The Section of The Society of St. Fran­cis Xavier was now beginning to collect funds to help H i s Lordship in his Apostolic endeavours. The Press Section was very active and devoted in the work confined to them. The Li terary Section was new making preparations to found a Chinese School to be, called " Chinese Catholic Ac t ion School." To do that, they had to get funds. So far they had been promised a hundred dollars a month to support the school in view. They had to get a locality. The Compound of the Church was promised them. They had to build. They were now devising means to realise their dreams.

One more important help they had of late rendered and that had been known but to a very few. He availed himself of that occasion to make special mention of it and to express in a special manner his th ankfulness to Saint Teresa and to the President of the C. C. A. who again had come to the fore­ground to do something more for their Dear S A I N T T E R E S A . Through his untir ing efforts they had acquired about eight acres of land near St. Teresa's Church. On it would in the near future rise a Carmelite Convent surrounded by catholic homes. Special thanks were due as this had saved the Mission more than ten thousand dollars. H i s Lordship expressed a desire and was going to buy about two acres of land at 14 cents a square foot for a Carmelite Con­vent. Through the services rend­ered by their President the actual land was acquired for two and a half cents. That was a brilliant example for them to follow. That was helping their dear Bishop and the Church in question. There would rise in that quarter a small catholic town. The place, road and houses would be named, i f it all depended on him, after St. Teresa in fulfilment of a promise made before the purchase of that little h i l l—Buki t Teresa.

The President M r . Lee Keng Guan termed that first Anniver­sary of the C. C. A . as its first Bir thday. He thanked the Rev. Fathers who despite the heat were so k ind to be present and Mr. Lim Seng Khoon the Treasurer for the loan of his hall and the so many services rendered. He said that the C. C. A . had now attained the age of one year. It was now able to walk on its stronger limbs and

M A L A Y A CATHOLIC L E A D E R , SATURDAY, MARCH 2nd 1935. 17

AROUND THE PARISHES under the wise guidance of Rev. Father S. Lee the Spiri tual Direc­tor he hoped that all the members would be able to pace on stronger ground for more effective results for the glory of God. He also thanked Rev. Father Lee for his remarks on the various activities of the C. C. A . He urged all the Members to strive to better the C. C. A. ' s ground for the benefit of a l i — t o establish a Chinese Catho­lic Act ion School for both Catholic and non-catholic boys. Through it they might get more members and more conversions which was the special object of the Propagation of the Fai th. The boys of today would be the men of tomorrow. He therefore earnestly hoped that the school with the efforts of the Sec­tion in Charge would soon be es­tablished and that in time to come good results might come from that establishment for the greater glory of God.

Rev. Father K o h was called upon to give a speech. He arose amidst applause. He congratulated the C. C. A . in reaching its F i r s t A n n i ­versary and thanked the members for their k ind invitation hoping that since they remembered h im in their first year, they would not forget him in their second.

M r . L i m Seng Khoon proprietor of Messrs. L i m Khoon Heng and of the Pavilion restaurant thanked the above speakers for their kind words and expressed the hope that the second year of the C. C. A would see another happy gather­ing.

It was a very joyful affair and the Re-union tiffin ended in the most cheerful spirits.

of the Catholics of Malaya, for the speedy recovery of our beloved father.

Since F r . Baloche fell i l l , Rev. F r . Souhait, in co-operation with the priests of the Seminary, has been managing both the Assump­tion Church and St. Francis Xavier 's Church.

The BishoD's Vis i t to St . Xavier 's Church.

Sunday the 24th February was a big day for the parish of St. Xavier 's Tamil Church, Penang, for on that day his Lordship B i ­shop A . Devals gladdened the hearts of the parishioners by say­ing Holy Mass and offering special prayers for them. The church was packed to the fullest capacity and His Lordship was immensely pleased to see so many.

Hon. Treasurer— M r . Kam Kee Hock.

Members of the Press Comt.:— M r . Thoo Yoon Chin. M r . Wong Pow Nee.

There were tw7enty-four persons present at the meeting and all were enrolled as members but a marked increase of membership is expected in the near future. It was also decided that the monthly meeting should be held at the same place after mass.

* * * * P U L A U T I K U S .

M r . George Patrick Cooke, of Ceylon, the well-known cricketer was received into the Catholic-Church, on the 16th February, 1935, by the Revd. Father Souhait, at the Church of the Assumption, Penang.

His marriage with Miss Jose­phine Agnes Lesslar, daughter of the late Theophilus Joseph Lesslar of Penang, wil l take place on Saturday, the 23rd February, at the Church of the Assumption Penang.

Dr . J . P. Fitzpatrick, formerly Medical Officer of Tapah is now Deputy State Medical and Health Officer of Taiping.

P E R S O N A L I A . Rev. Fr . Pages, the late Superior

of Chengtu Seminary, China, is nowr in St. Xavier ' s Seminary, Serangoon, assisting Rev. F r . L . Auriol , in preparing candidates for the General College, Pulo Tikus, Penang.

The Rev. Father also assists Rev. F r . M . K o h , Vica r of the Church of the Na t iv i ty of the B . V . Mary, and he discharged his first parochial duty by saying the 8 o'clock mass on Sunday morning.

* * * *

About a hundred guests were present at the dinner in honour of the 71st Bi r thday of M r . James Teo Hong Nghee, of 930 Upper Serangoon, on Saturday night. Many greetings and good wishes were extended to M r . Teo.

A cheerful group of boys from the Church of the

Sacred Heart, Tank Road, Singapore.

P E N A N G . Rev. Father S. Baloche, the

vicar of St. Francis Xavier 's Church, Penang, who was admitted to the General Hospital three weeks ago suffering from a severe attack of Rheumatism, is s t i l l a patient in the hospital.

The Rev. Fa ther is confined to bed ever since his admission to the hospital, and is now improving satisfactorily. It w i l l take another couple of weeks, before he can be discharged from the hospital, and we earnestly request the prayers

Af ter Mass the Bishop was wel­comed at the Parochial house by the Tamil children of the parish.

It was a great pity that Rev. F r . Baloche, the parish priest was not present on that occasion, as he is unfortunately laid up and st i l l con­fined to the hospital.

* * * * Buki t Mertajam

Catholic Action Society. The Catholic Action Society of

Buki t Mertajam had its inaugural meeting at the residence of The Rev. Father Michael Seet on 10th February 1935. There was a fair gathering of all communities pre­sent at the meeting and after The Rev. F r . Seet had explained the aim and purpose of the society to those present the meeting proceed­ed with the election of office-bea­rers which resulted as follows:—

Spiritual Director— Rev. F r . Michael Seet.

President— Mr . Chee Soon Tee.

Vice-President— M r . Goh Soon Teik.

Hon. Secretary (Engl i sh)— M r . Chan Ewe P in .

Hon. Secretary (Chinese)— M r . Vong Ching K o n g .

T A I P I N G . Rev. F r . O. Dupoirieux went on

one of his periodic visits to Upper Perak. He was accompanied by Rev. F r . M . Bonamy of Sungei Pa tan i /Kedah . They left Taiping on Monday, 18th February, spent Tuesday in Lenggong, visited Grik cn Wednesday, and returned on Thursday. The Catholics in these parts are small in numbers.

# * * *

On the 5th February at 4-30 p.m. Rev. F r . O. Dupoirieux performed a very edifying cere­mony at 250 Tupai Kechi l , when Madam Liew Choon Lan consecrat­ed her family to the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus.

* * * * We congratulate Dr . L . W . Jaye-

suria on his recent appointment as Assistant Medical Officer of the Taiping Hospital. Dr . Jayesuria is an old boy of St. George's School, Ta ip ing ; in fact one of the first pupils of the Institution. After his secondary education, he was sent in 1927 as a government stu­dent to the College of Medicine in Singapore, where he took his deg­ree in the final examination held last year. We wish Dr . Jayesuria a long and successful career.

S E R E M B A N . The extensions to the Church of

the Visi tat ion is going on very rapidly, the front portion and the Belfry is nearing completion, and when completed wi l l add to the dignity of the. town of Seremban. Funds are urgently needed to com­pete the building and our Parish Priest Rev. F r . Auguin wi l l be grateful for further contributions. A n y donations could be sent direct to him Care of the Church of the Visi tat ion, Seremban.

A L O R S T A R . St. Nicholas Convent School.

Alor Star, was en fete on Monday, January 28, on the occasion of the visit of Reverend Mother St. Berthe, Assistant Superior General from Paris. The distinguished visi tor who was accompanied by Reverend Mother St. Tarcisius of Penang, Reverend Mother St. Dominique who is returning to France from Japan, and Madams St. Louis, St. Cezaire and St. Emi l e of the Penang Convent, was received by Miss Lawrence, the Head Mistress.

In honour of the visit the pupils of the School, which was opened only in January last year and now has an enrolment of nearly one hundred, grave a short entertain­ment. The programme opened wi th a song of welcome by the School. This was followed by an address by the little ones. The Malay girls—about a dozen in number—afterwards sang " We the daughters of the land." Physical dri l l by Standards n, III, and I V concluded the programme.

Af te r the entertainment Miss Zainab said a few words of wel­come in French and presented Revd. Mother St. Berthe with a lovely basket of flowers made by the pupils. Sweets having been distributed, a group photograph was taken.

The entertainment was attended to by H . H . Tungku Yacob and a few parents of the pupils.

H i s parishioners in Kedah wi l l be glad to hear that their beloved pastor, Reverend Father Riboud, has completely recovered from the liver-complaint that necessitated his return to France last year. The treatment at Vichy has cured him and he is eagerly looking for­ward to his return to the Mission. A s he naively puts i t in a letter, " I am feeling well, very well—too well to stay longer in France. Bu t my superiors wish me to rest a few months more."

"Father Riboud has been spend­ing his leave in Paris, the depart­ment "de la Dronee," Lyons, and Cassis, near Marseilles.

Whi le in Paris he paid many visits to the ' Bibliotheque N a -t ionale" where he discovered many facts concerning Kedah and made copious notes. He came across .letters, maps and pictures dealing with Kedah in the Six­teenth, Seventeenth, and E i g h ­teenth Centuries, as a result of the documents he has seen he thinks i t possible to determine the

(Continued on page 1 8 )

18 MALAYA CATHOLIC LEADER, SATURDAY, MARCH 2nd 1935.

AROUND THE PARISHES {Continued from page 17)

exact site of the capital of Kedah in the time of Monsigneurs Coude and Garnault. He has also found out many details concerning the ecclesiastical history of Queda be­fore the time of Monsigneur Coude, and also an account of the martyrdom of a man named Martin at the Port of Queda at the beginning of the Eighteenth Century.

IPOH. Sodality of the Most Blessed

Virgin Mary, at St. Michael's Insti­tution, Ipoh, Perak. Office-Bearers, 1935.

Spiritual Director—Rev. Father J. S. Fourgs.

President—Rev. Bro. Sigebert. Prefect—Mr. Tan Boon Kwee. Vice-Prefect—Mr. Lip Seng Onn. Secretary—Mr. L i m Guan Choe. Treasurer—Mr. John Emmanuel. Asst. Secretary—Mr. Toh Ee Boon. Asst. Treasurer—Mr. Chye Kah

Loke. Councillors—Messrs. R. S. Bartho-

lomeusz and C. L . Jeremiah. The membership is about fifty

strong. The above is incidentally a

confirmation of the 1934 election.

Kuala Lumpur. OBITUARY

It is with regret that we have to announce the sudden death of Mr. M . S. Leo of the Chief Mecha­nical Department, Central Work­shops, which took place on Tues­day, 19th instant, at his residence.

The late Mr. Leo, aged about 60 years, was suffering for a long time from heart disease to which he finally succumbed. He was a zealous and active member of the Sodality of the Immaculate Con­ception and of the Third Order of St Francis of Assisi.

The funeral was well attended by the members of the Sodality and of the Third Order of St. Francis of Assisi.

There will be a requiem High Mass for the repose of his soul, offered by the Sodality of the Im­

maculate Conception, on 5 March, 1935. The members of the Soda­lity and the Third Order of St. Francis of Assisi are requested to attend same.

The death occurred at the Bungsar Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, on Saturday 16th inst of Edith, wife of Mr. J. W. Brower and second daughter of Mr. E . V. Xavier, late Postmaster, Kuala Lumpur, and Mrs. Xavier.

The deceased lady was only 27 years of age and had been i l l for some time. Her condition was re­ported to be improving but on Saturday her case took a turn for the worse and in spite of the best medical and nursing skill available she passed away at 11.30 p.m.

The late Mrs. Brower was of a pious and unassuming nature.

Besides her husband and her parents she leaves behind three young daughters, several sisters and a brother.

Rev. Fr . Perrissoud officiated at the service at the St. John's Church and also performed the last rites at the graveside. There was a large gathering of friends at the funeral and the grave was covered by a profusion of flora) tributes.

TAIPING. Last Saturday a Requiem High

Mass was said for the repose of the soul of Miss M . Estrop an account of whose death appeared in the previous issue. The members of the Sodality of the Assumption are having another Mass said for the departed Sodalist on Saturday next, 2nd March.

SINGAPORE BURIALS. 23rd February. Anthony Chan

Choon Keng, son of Chung Loo and Annie Pang.

23rd February. Hedwiges A l ­monte, daughter of Francis A l ­monte and Venancia Almonte.

24th February. Rudolph Leo Pais, aged 32.

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BIRTHS. Taiping:—

Ng.—At Taiping, on Friday, February 8th, 1935 to Saw Bee Lan wife of Ng Teik Swee a daughter— Agnes.

Baptised on 16th February, at Klian Pau Church, Taiping. Mrs. Leong Sin Nghean standing god­mother.

24th February. Letitia Helena Wilson, daughter of Gilbert Gil-more Wilson and of Edna Wilson. God-parents:—William Edward Jansen and Helena Agnes Jansen.

SINGAPORE BAPTISMS. 17th February. Joseph Nelson

de Silva, son of Dionisio de Silva and Nellia de Silva. God-parents: Vitallis de Rozario and Rose Jan­sen.

17th February. Mary Magda­lene de Mello, daughter of John de Mello and Marie de Mello. God­parents :—Adolphus John Monteiro and Mary Puspalm.

22nd February. Anthony Chan Choon Keng, son of Chung Loo and Annie Pang. God-mother:—Mary Puspalm.

23rd February. Janet Lola Pe-reira, daughter of Augustine Ed­mund Pereira and of Daphne Cecilia Pereira, God-parents:— Wilhelm Hubert Ess and Jane Violet Ess.

MARRIAGES. 19th February. Marie Joseph

Louis Raphael, son of Aroquias-samy and Marie Xavery to Irene En a de Souza, daughter of George Frederick de Souza and Hilda Teo-dora Cornelius. Witnesses:—Mr. and Mrs. Lambert de Souza.

2nd March. Clarence Isidore de Rozario, son of Johanes de Rozario and Anne Cecilia de Souza to Re-gina Minjoot, daughter of Roquin-ho Minjoot and Matilde Pinto. Witnesses:—A. S. Pereira, Jane de Rozario.

BU KIT MERTAJAM (Wedding). w The wedding took place on

Saturday morning the 23rd Febru­ary at the church of St. Anne, Bukit Mertajam, of Miss Nancy Marguerite Boudville, daughter of Mr. Philip Boudville, Engineer of Kuala Ketil Estate, Kuala Ketil.

(Continued on page 19)

CATHOLIC YOUNG MEN'S ASSOCIATION CHURCH OF S. PETER

AND PAUL. Report for the year ended 31st.

December 1934. Gentlemen,

Your Committee have much pleasure in submitting this Report and Statement of Accounts for the year ended 31st. Dec. 1934.

Introductory. Originally the Association

functioned under the name of Cho­rister's Society of S. Cecilia. At the beginning of 1933 it was de­cided to change its name. An Onauguration Meetiry was held during March 1933 under the name of Catholic Young Men's Associa­tion can congratulate itself in having another successful year. The Committee wish to convey their warm and support which have contributed in no small measure towards the success of the Asso­ciation. The Committee sincerely hope their support will be main­tained during the ensuing year.

Management Committee. At the First Annual General

Meeting held on the 28th. January 1934 at the Association's Premises the following were elected to serve on the Committee of-Management. Spiritual Director—Rev. S. Lee.

President— Mr. Chan Peng Sim

Vice-President— Mr. Chia Gue Seng.

Bun: Secretary—. Mr. Teo Kim Song.

Hon: Treasurer— Mr. Hong Peck Lock.

Hon: Auditor— Mr. Tan Peng Kiang.

Hon: Choir Mas te r -Mr. Lim Chew Aye.

Hon: Music Supdt.— Mr. Seng Lye Tee

Hon: L ib ra r i an -Mr. Tan Boo Chong.

Hon: Sports Secretary— Mr. Tan Peng Hock.

Committee— Mr. Ee Peng Liang, Mr. Seet

Mm Joo, Mr. Patrick Boon, Mr. Lim Kian Lee.

Membership. The year began with thirty-four

members on the rolls. Thirty were newly admitted. The strength of the Association on December 31st. 1934 was sixty-four. In one year we are glad tto note the number on the rolls being doubled. We ap­peal to the parishioners to answer the call of Catholic Action and en­roll without further delay.

Meetings. All the meetings were well at­

tended. During the year under review four General Meetings and eight Committee Meetings were held. These meetings were at­tended by representatives of the Chinese Catholic Action and our Committee were also present in their meetings.

In conjunction with the C. Y . M. A. (Singapore) at Ophir Road a joint-reception was held in ho­nour of His Lordship the Rt. Rev. Mgr. Adrien Devals, the Bishop of Malacca. To this end a Reception Committee was formed on March 15th. 1934. Seven meetings were

S I N G A P O R E . subsequently held. The aim of these Meetings was principally to draw up the Entertainment Pro­gramme.

Accounts. The Statement of Accounts duly

audited for the year under review is attached hereto. It shows an excess of Income over Expenditure of $49.91. There are few arrears thanks to the generosity of the members and to the fact that the monthly subscription is only 25 cts.

Sports Section. This section included only Bad­

minton, Ping Pong and an occa­sional Football. It is to be regret­ted that nothing has yet been done in the shape of Tournaments ow­ing to the lack of support. It is to be hoped that the next Commit­tee will remedy this.

Social Engagements. Reception in honour of His

Lordship, the Rt. Rev. Mgr. Adrien Devals, Bishop of Malacca.

In conjunction with the Catholic Young Men's Association (Singa­pore) at Ophir Road, a Reception Committee was formed.

Reception Committee.

Chairman— Mr. G. V . Santhou.

Hon: Secretary & Treasurer— Mr. Teo Kim Song.

Hon: Music Supdt.— Mr. Peter Seng.

Committee— Messrs. C. L . Batchelor, Chan

Peng Sim, Chia Gue Seng, Tan Soon Kim, P. L . Anthony.

The Reception Committee drew up a Programme and very success­fully carried out a/Variety Enter­tainment staged at St. Joseph's Hall on 21st. April 1934 in honour of His Lordship. An address was also presented to him. In his re­ply the Bishop said—quoting from the Malaya Tribune Monday April 23rd. 1934—"it was with great joy that he was making his first pub­lic appearance there after his Con­secration." The Association can congratulate itself on this singular honour. Continuing he said, "You are the leaders and I hope you will set an example to the rest of Malaya." We would urge our Ca­tholic friends to rally round and so justify these words. Reception in honour of Rev. S. Lee.

In conjunction with the C. C. A. , we held a joint-reception in honour of our Spiritual Director Rev. S. Lee on the feast of St. Stephen December 26th. 1934. More than a hundred assembled to congratu­late our Spiritual Director on his feast.

Invitations. The following invitations issued

by the Chinese Catholic Action were thankfully accepted. 1. May 6th. 1934. Chinese Ca­

tholic Action Concert in honour of His Lordship the Rt. Rev. Mgr. Adrien Devals, the Bishop of Malacca. We served as tic­ket collectors and rendered musical selections.

2. August 26th. 1934. C. C. A . Concert in honour of Rev. Fathers Lau and Lambert. We rendered musical selections.

Anniversary. The Anniversary of the Asso­

ciation was celebrated on W K i Monday 21st. May at Mr. Tan Cheng Kee's Bungalow. Invita­tions were issued to the Chinese Catholic Action. Musical selec­tions were rendered by our mem­bers.

The following were elected to serve on the Anniversary Com­mittee:—Messrs. Hong Peck Lock, Tan Boo Chong, L im Kian Lee, Khny Jit Mui, Tan Kwang Yeow, Teo Kim Song.

Orchestra Section. This Selection has much room

for musicians, who if not members yet should enroll speedily. Musi­cal selections were rendered during Mass at the following feasts:—

Chinese New Year, Easter Sun­day, Feast of Ss. Peter and Paul, Christmas at the Midnight Mass.

Musical Selections were also rendered at the Variety Entertain­ment staged at St. Joseph's Insti­tution and at our Anniversary.

We also received invitations from the C. C. A . on four different occasions to render musical selec­tions.

Dramatic Section. It was pleasing to note that our

performance staged at St. Joseph's Institution was much appreciated and the items we provided in both the C. C. A. concerts received much applause. It shows that some of our members had the dramatic ele­ment but until then had not the opportunity to display them. We sincerely hope that more members will co-operate with the officials for the success of this section next year.

Choir Section. A Requiem High Mass for the

souls of deceased members of this section were sung on November 24th. at 6.30 a.m. It was a Gene­ral Communion Day. Musical mass were sung on the following feasts:—Chinese New Year, East­er Sunday, Confirmation, Corpus Christi and Christmas. Friday practices, had fallen off lamentably and the Committee earnestly hope that choir-members would co­operate and come for practices especially for Musical Mass. It would be a pity to abandon the latter for lack of attendance.

Religious.

Maundy Thursday Night Vigil . The members were divided into two sections. One section went to St. Teresa's Church to observe the Vigil and the rest remained at Ss. Peter and Paul. A General Visit was made at 11 p.m.

Feast Days.

The. following feasts days were observed with General Communion (1) Feast of Ss. Peter and Paul. (2) Annual Thanksgiving Day—

Feast of St. Aloysius.

{Continued at foot of Col. 4)

BUKIT M E R T A J A M WEDDING.

(Continued from page 18)

and Mrs. Boudville, and Mr. D. B. Andrew of Kuala Ketil. The Rev. Father M . Bonamy officiated at the service which was choral. The bride who walked up the aisle on the arm of her father looked charming in a white satin gown, cut on slim-fitting lines and flaring from the knees into a long fan-shaped skirt of net frills. The train of satin and georgette was carried by four little flower girls. She wore a veil which was held closely to the head by a coronet of orange blossoms and carried a sheaf of arum lilies. Miss Hannah Whelan was bridesmaid and Mr. Clement Aeria performed the du­ties of a groomsman. Following the ceremony in the church a re­ception was held at the residence of the bride's aunt in Sungei Patani where Mr. & Mrs. Boudville were host and hostess to a large gathering of friends. Late in the afternoon the bridal couple, amidst a shower of confetti, left for Tan-jong Bungha for their honey­moon."

(3) Patronal Feast of the Spiri­tual Director of the Associa­tion—Feast of St. Stephen.

Additions to Rules. In pursuance of the Resolution

passed at the First General Meet­ing held on January 8th. 1934. 1. Members should make it their

duty to receive Holy Commu­nion at least once a month preferably on the First Friday of every month.

2. Members to attend Vespers and Benediction of the Sunday and Holy days of Obligation.

Malaya Catholic Leader. At the General Meeting held on

November 4th. 1934 Mr. L im Kian Lee was elected to canvas for sub­scribers. Messrs. Teo Poh Leng and Teo Kim Song were elected to serve as the Special Correspond­ents. Those who are not yet Sub­scribers and desire to be kindly send in their names.

Complimentary.

The thanks of the Association are due to:—

1. Rev. Bro. Director for the use of the school hall for the per­formance and practices.

2. C. C. A. for their invitations at their various functions.

3. C. Y. M . A. (Singapore) at Ophir Road for working so smoothly with us in bringing the performance to success.

4. Malaya Tribune and Malaya Catholic Leader for the use of their columns.

5. The families of the members for the use of their residences for music practices.

The Hon: Treasurer wished to record his thanks to members for their prompt attention in the monthly subscriptions.

TEO K I M SONG, Hon: Secretary,

18 MALAYA CATHOLIC LEADER, SATURDAY, MARCH 2nd 1935.

AROUND THE PARISHES {Continued from page 17)

exact site of the capital of Kedah in the time of Monsigneurs Coude and Garnault. He has also found out many details concerning the ecclesiastical history of Queda be­fore the time of Monsigneur Coude, and also an account of the martyrdom of a man named Martin at the Port of Queda at the beginning of the Eighteenth Century.

IPOH. Sodality of the Most Blessed

Virgin Mary, at St. Michael's Insti­tution, Ipoh, Perak. Office-Bearers, 1935.

Spiritual Director—Rev. Father J. S. Fourgs.

President—Rev. Bro. Sigebert. Prefect—Mr. Tan Boon Kwee. Vice-Prefect—Mr. Lip Seng Onn. Secretary—Mr. L i m Guan Choe. Treasurer—Mr. John Emmanuel. Asst. Secretary—Mr. Toh Ee Boon. Asst. Treasurer—Mr. Chye Kah

Loke. Councillors—Messrs. R. S. Bartho-

lomeusz and C. L . Jeremiah. The membership is about fifty

strong. The above is incidentally a

confirmation of the 1934 election.

Kuala Lumpur. OBITUARY

It is with regret that we have to announce the sudden death of Mr. M . S. Leo of the Chief Mecha­nical Department, Central Work­shops, which took place on Tues­day, 19th instant, at his residence.

The late Mr. Leo, aged about 60 years, was suffering for a long time from heart disease to which he finally succumbed. He was a zealous and active member of the Sodality of the Immaculate Con­ception and of the Third Order of St Francis of Assisi.

The funeral was well attended by the members of the Sodality and of the Third Order of St. Francis of Assisi.

There will be a requiem High Mass for the repose of his soul, offered by the Sodality of the Im­

maculate Conception, on 5 March, 1935. The members of the Soda­lity and the Third Order of St. Francis of Assisi are requested to attend same.

The death occurred at the Bungsar Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, on Saturday 16th inst of Edith, wife of Mr. J. W. Brower and second daughter of Mr. E . V. Xavier, late Postmaster, Kuala Lumpur, and Mrs. Xavier.

The deceased lady was only 27 years of age and had been i l l for some time. Her condition was re­ported to be improving but on Saturday her case took a turn for the worse and in spite of the best medical and nursing skill available she passed away at 11.30 p.m.

The late Mrs. Brower was of a pious and unassuming nature.

Besides her husband and her parents she leaves behind three young daughters, several sisters and a brother.

Rev. Fr . Perrissoud officiated at the service at the St. John's Church and also performed the last rites at the graveside. There was a large gathering of friends at the funeral and the grave was covered by a profusion of flora) tributes.

TAIPING. Last Saturday a Requiem High

Mass was said for the repose of the soul of Miss M . Estrop an account of whose death appeared in the previous issue. The members of the Sodality of the Assumption are having another Mass said for the departed Sodalist on Saturday next, 2nd March.

SINGAPORE BURIALS. 23rd February. Anthony Chan

Choon Keng, son of Chung Loo and Annie Pang.

23rd February. Hedwiges A l ­monte, daughter of Francis A l ­monte and Venancia Almonte.

24th February. Rudolph Leo Pais, aged 32.

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BIRTHS. Taiping:—

Ng.—At Taiping, on Friday, February 8th, 1935 to Saw Bee Lan wife of Ng Teik Swee a daughter— Agnes.

Baptised on 16th February, at Klian Pau Church, Taiping. Mrs. Leong Sin Nghean standing god­mother.

24th February. Letitia Helena Wilson, daughter of Gilbert Gil-more Wilson and of Edna Wilson. God-parents:—William Edward Jansen and Helena Agnes Jansen.

SINGAPORE BAPTISMS. 17th February. Joseph Nelson

de Silva, son of Dionisio de Silva and Nellia de Silva. God-parents: Vitallis de Rozario and Rose Jan­sen.

17th February. Mary Magda­lene de Mello, daughter of John de Mello and Marie de Mello. God­parents :—Adolphus John Monteiro and Mary Puspalm.

22nd February. Anthony Chan Choon Keng, son of Chung Loo and Annie Pang. God-mother:—Mary Puspalm.

23rd February. Janet Lola Pe-reira, daughter of Augustine Ed­mund Pereira and of Daphne Cecilia Pereira, God-parents:— Wilhelm Hubert Ess and Jane Violet Ess.

MARRIAGES. 19th February. Marie Joseph

Louis Raphael, son of Aroquias-samy and Marie Xavery to Irene En a de Souza, daughter of George Frederick de Souza and Hilda Teo-dora Cornelius. Witnesses:—Mr. and Mrs. Lambert de Souza.

2nd March. Clarence Isidore de Rozario, son of Johanes de Rozario and Anne Cecilia de Souza to Re-gina Minjoot, daughter of Roquin-ho Minjoot and Matilde Pinto. Witnesses:—A. S. Pereira, Jane de Rozario.

BU KIT MERTAJAM (Wedding). w The wedding took place on

Saturday morning the 23rd Febru­ary at the church of St. Anne, Bukit Mertajam, of Miss Nancy Marguerite Boudville, daughter of Mr. Philip Boudville, Engineer of Kuala Ketil Estate, Kuala Ketil.

(Continued on page 19)

CATHOLIC YOUNG MEN'S ASSOCIATION CHURCH OF S. PETER

AND PAUL. Report for the year ended 31st.

December 1934. Gentlemen,

Your Committee have much pleasure in submitting this Report and Statement of Accounts for the year ended 31st. Dec. 1934.

Introductory. Originally the Association

functioned under the name of Cho­rister's Society of S. Cecilia. At the beginning of 1933 it was de­cided to change its name. An Onauguration Meetiry was held during March 1933 under the name of Catholic Young Men's Associa­tion can congratulate itself in having another successful year. The Committee wish to convey their warm and support which have contributed in no small measure towards the success of the Asso­ciation. The Committee sincerely hope their support will be main­tained during the ensuing year.

Management Committee. At the First Annual General

Meeting held on the 28th. January 1934 at the Association's Premises the following were elected to serve on the Committee of-Management. Spiritual Director—Rev. S. Lee.

President— Mr. Chan Peng Sim

Vice-President— Mr. Chia Gue Seng.

Bun: Secretary—. Mr. Teo Kim Song.

Hon: Treasurer— Mr. Hong Peck Lock.

Hon: Auditor— Mr. Tan Peng Kiang.

Hon: Choir Mas te r -Mr. Lim Chew Aye.

Hon: Music Supdt.— Mr. Seng Lye Tee

Hon: L ib ra r i an -Mr. Tan Boo Chong.

Hon: Sports Secretary— Mr. Tan Peng Hock.

Committee— Mr. Ee Peng Liang, Mr. Seet

Mm Joo, Mr. Patrick Boon, Mr. Lim Kian Lee.

Membership. The year began with thirty-four

members on the rolls. Thirty were newly admitted. The strength of the Association on December 31st. 1934 was sixty-four. In one year we are glad tto note the number on the rolls being doubled. We ap­peal to the parishioners to answer the call of Catholic Action and en­roll without further delay.

Meetings. All the meetings were well at­

tended. During the year under review four General Meetings and eight Committee Meetings were held. These meetings were at­tended by representatives of the Chinese Catholic Action and our Committee were also present in their meetings.

In conjunction with the C. Y . M. A. (Singapore) at Ophir Road a joint-reception was held in ho­nour of His Lordship the Rt. Rev. Mgr. Adrien Devals, the Bishop of Malacca. To this end a Reception Committee was formed on March 15th. 1934. Seven meetings were

S I N G A P O R E . subsequently held. The aim of these Meetings was principally to draw up the Entertainment Pro­gramme.

Accounts. The Statement of Accounts duly

audited for the year under review is attached hereto. It shows an excess of Income over Expenditure of $49.91. There are few arrears thanks to the generosity of the members and to the fact that the monthly subscription is only 25 cts.

Sports Section. This section included only Bad­

minton, Ping Pong and an occa­sional Football. It is to be regret­ted that nothing has yet been done in the shape of Tournaments ow­ing to the lack of support. It is to be hoped that the next Commit­tee will remedy this.

Social Engagements. Reception in honour of His

Lordship, the Rt. Rev. Mgr. Adrien Devals, Bishop of Malacca.

In conjunction with the Catholic Young Men's Association (Singa­pore) at Ophir Road, a Reception Committee was formed.

Reception Committee.

Chairman— Mr. G. V . Santhou.

Hon: Secretary & Treasurer— Mr. Teo Kim Song.

Hon: Music Supdt.— Mr. Peter Seng.

Committee— Messrs. C. L . Batchelor, Chan

Peng Sim, Chia Gue Seng, Tan Soon Kim, P. L . Anthony.

The Reception Committee drew up a Programme and very success­fully carried out a/Variety Enter­tainment staged at St. Joseph's Hall on 21st. April 1934 in honour of His Lordship. An address was also presented to him. In his re­ply the Bishop said—quoting from the Malaya Tribune Monday April 23rd. 1934—"it was with great joy that he was making his first pub­lic appearance there after his Con­secration." The Association can congratulate itself on this singular honour. Continuing he said, "You are the leaders and I hope you will set an example to the rest of Malaya." We would urge our Ca­tholic friends to rally round and so justify these words. Reception in honour of Rev. S. Lee.

In conjunction with the C. C. A. , we held a joint-reception in honour of our Spiritual Director Rev. S. Lee on the feast of St. Stephen December 26th. 1934. More than a hundred assembled to congratu­late our Spiritual Director on his feast.

Invitations. The following invitations issued

by the Chinese Catholic Action were thankfully accepted. 1. May 6th. 1934. Chinese Ca­

tholic Action Concert in honour of His Lordship the Rt. Rev. Mgr. Adrien Devals, the Bishop of Malacca. We served as tic­ket collectors and rendered musical selections.

2. August 26th. 1934. C. C. A . Concert in honour of Rev. Fathers Lau and Lambert. We rendered musical selections.

Anniversary. The Anniversary of the Asso­

ciation was celebrated on W K i Monday 21st. May at Mr. Tan Cheng Kee's Bungalow. Invita­tions were issued to the Chinese Catholic Action. Musical selec­tions were rendered by our mem­bers.

The following were elected to serve on the Anniversary Com­mittee:—Messrs. Hong Peck Lock, Tan Boo Chong, L im Kian Lee, Khny Jit Mui, Tan Kwang Yeow, Teo Kim Song.

Orchestra Section. This Selection has much room

for musicians, who if not members yet should enroll speedily. Musi­cal selections were rendered during Mass at the following feasts:—

Chinese New Year, Easter Sun­day, Feast of Ss. Peter and Paul, Christmas at the Midnight Mass.

Musical Selections were also rendered at the Variety Entertain­ment staged at St. Joseph's Insti­tution and at our Anniversary.

We also received invitations from the C. C. A . on four different occasions to render musical selec­tions.

Dramatic Section. It was pleasing to note that our

performance staged at St. Joseph's Institution was much appreciated and the items we provided in both the C. C. A. concerts received much applause. It shows that some of our members had the dramatic ele­ment but until then had not the opportunity to display them. We sincerely hope that more members will co-operate with the officials for the success of this section next year.

Choir Section. A Requiem High Mass for the

souls of deceased members of this section were sung on November 24th. at 6.30 a.m. It was a Gene­ral Communion Day. Musical mass were sung on the following feasts:—Chinese New Year, East­er Sunday, Confirmation, Corpus Christi and Christmas. Friday practices, had fallen off lamentably and the Committee earnestly hope that choir-members would co­operate and come for practices especially for Musical Mass. It would be a pity to abandon the latter for lack of attendance.

Religious.

Maundy Thursday Night Vigil . The members were divided into two sections. One section went to St. Teresa's Church to observe the Vigil and the rest remained at Ss. Peter and Paul. A General Visit was made at 11 p.m.

Feast Days.

The. following feasts days were observed with General Communion (1) Feast of Ss. Peter and Paul. (2) Annual Thanksgiving Day—

Feast of St. Aloysius.

{Continued at foot of Col. 4)

BUKIT M E R T A J A M WEDDING.

(Continued from page 18)

and Mrs. Boudville, and Mr. D. B. Andrew of Kuala Ketil. The Rev. Father M . Bonamy officiated at the service which was choral. The bride who walked up the aisle on the arm of her father looked charming in a white satin gown, cut on slim-fitting lines and flaring from the knees into a long fan-shaped skirt of net frills. The train of satin and georgette was carried by four little flower girls. She wore a veil which was held closely to the head by a coronet of orange blossoms and carried a sheaf of arum lilies. Miss Hannah Whelan was bridesmaid and Mr. Clement Aeria performed the du­ties of a groomsman. Following the ceremony in the church a re­ception was held at the residence of the bride's aunt in Sungei Patani where Mr. & Mrs. Boudville were host and hostess to a large gathering of friends. Late in the afternoon the bridal couple, amidst a shower of confetti, left for Tan-jong Bungha for their honey­moon."

(3) Patronal Feast of the Spiri­tual Director of the Associa­tion—Feast of St. Stephen.

Additions to Rules. In pursuance of the Resolution

passed at the First General Meet­ing held on January 8th. 1934. 1. Members should make it their

duty to receive Holy Commu­nion at least once a month preferably on the First Friday of every month.

2. Members to attend Vespers and Benediction of the Sunday and Holy days of Obligation.

Malaya Catholic Leader. At the General Meeting held on

November 4th. 1934 Mr. L im Kian Lee was elected to canvas for sub­scribers. Messrs. Teo Poh Leng and Teo Kim Song were elected to serve as the Special Correspond­ents. Those who are not yet Sub­scribers and desire to be kindly send in their names.

Complimentary.

The thanks of the Association are due to:—

1. Rev. Bro. Director for the use of the school hall for the per­formance and practices.

2. C. C. A. for their invitations at their various functions.

3. C. Y. M . A. (Singapore) at Ophir Road for working so smoothly with us in bringing the performance to success.

4. Malaya Tribune and Malaya Catholic Leader for the use of their columns.

5. The families of the members for the use of their residences for music practices.

The Hon: Treasurer wished to record his thanks to members for their prompt attention in the monthly subscriptions.

TEO K I M SONG, Hon: Secretary,

OFFICIAL ORGAN Of CATHOLIC ACTION PUBLISHED WEEKLY.

SATURDAY, MARCH 2nd 1935.

TWO NEW ENGLISH SAINTS

Decree Recognizing Martyrdom of Two Englishmen Read in the Presence of the Pope.

The accompanying photograph shows the scene in the Consistorial Hall of the Vatican, on February 10, when the Pope presided at an assembly of the Sacred Congregation of Rites for the reading of the decree in the Cause of Canonization of Blessed John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, and Blessed Thomas More, Lord Chancellor of England under Henry Vni. In the picture the decree is being read. Afterwards the Bishop of Southwark, Monsignor Peter Amigo (third figure from the right, with white hair), read an address to the Holy Father in English, to which His Holiness replied. In the course of his speech, which recalled the virtues and qualities of the two Martyrs, the Pontiff spoke of the initiative taken in the cause by the late Cardinal Bourne. " What a joy it would have been to the Cardinal," His Holiness said, "if only he could have been at this ceremony here to-day."

The Consistorial Hall, of which only a small part is shown in the photograph is one of the Vatican's best-known, state-rooms. It wajs erected by Clement XIII in the eighteenth century, and lends itself admirably to such formal ceremonies as the one depicted. A magnificent coffered ceiling, richly gilt, is the chief decorative feature. In the upper part of the picture will be seen portions of the landscape frescoes and figure painting which ornament the walls of the Hall below the ceiling.

Great preparations are being made in England for participation, at Rome, in the Canonization ceremony. Nearly every member of the English Hierarchy, it is thought, will be in St. Peter's for the great day; and part of the proceedings may be broadcast.

Published by Rev. Fr . Cardon and Printed by Lithographers Limited, 37/38, Wallich Street, Singapore, S.S.

TIGER B E E R IMS 111

OFFICIAL ORGAN OF CATHOLIC ACTION PUBLISHED WEEKLY.

TIGER B E E R

20 Pages. No. 10. SATURDAY, MARCH 9th 1935. 10 cents.

The Golden Jubilee of the

Apostolic Delegation of the

East Indies. Last November marked the

fiftieth anniversary of the arrival cf the first Apostolic Delegate in India. His Excellency the Aposto­lic Delegate decided however to postpone the celebration of the Golden Jubilee until the Ho*y Father's coronation day this year. Consequently on Tuesday Febru­ary 12th the Apostolic Delegation in Bangalore was in festive attire with the papal flag flying over the buildings from early morning. In vhe afternoon a solemn reception tf^.&ivejR uC ali the clergy present in F^n^al^ie. About fifty attend­ee l ponging to the several juris­dictions depending on the Sacred Congregations of Propaganda, for the Oriental Church, and for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Af­fairs. His Excellency welcomed all most cordially while his secre­taries, Reverend Fathers Belgeri and McBrearty, distributed an illustrated historical sketch of Papal Representation in the East Indies before and since the estab­lishment of the Apostolic Delega­tion.

Before the end of the function Mgr. Vanpeene, Vicar General of Mysore, in the absence of the Bishop thanked His Excellency in well chosen words of the reception and for the warm welcome given to all. He referred particularly to the devotion and loyalty of the clergy to the Holy See and especi­ally to the reigning Sovereign Pontiff, Pius XI, the Pope of the Missions, and he requested the De­legate to convey those sentiments to His Holiness.

The Jubilee Souvenir, an attrac­tively made up volume in Royal 8vo of over a hundred pages, con­tains interesting data never before collected from the point of view of. Papal Representation. Only a private edition has been issued which is intended mainly for private circulation among the mis­

sionary personnel of the Apostolic Delegation. During the reception His Excellency supplemented the Souvenir with an address which here follows in full : Rt. Rev. Monsignors,

Reverend Fathers and Brothers,

We are assembled here to-day to commemorate in a modest way the anniversaries of two momen­tous events, namely the Holy Father's incoronation and the establishment of the Apostolic De­legation. Although a much great-el pomp and solemnity would have been suitable for the occasion, a quiet and homely celebration seemed preferable, in order not to burden others in these difficult times with the organization of ex­tensive festivities.

The Holy Father's incoronation day is of course a yearly event. But this time I am calling special attention to it because it is such an appropriate occasion to solemnize the Golden Jubilee of an institu­tion so intimately connected with the Holy See. The fiftieth year of the Apostolic Delegation and the thirteenth year of our Holy Father's reign have moreover a special relation, by their coinci­dence with the Holy Year, during which His Holiness showed such a remarkable and unforgettable" benevolence to the East Indian pilgrims. The task of recalling suitably all that the reigning Pon­tiff has done for the Church and for the world during the past thirteen years we may well leave to History, whose immortal pages will record his glorious pontificate. For us here in these mission lands it will be sufficient to hail him as the Pope of the Missions, whose interest as far as regards the East Indies is represented and personi­fied bv this Apostolic Delegation.

On November 24th 1884 the first Apostolic Delegate reached India and the Jubilee souvenir

ANCHOR BE! SOLE AGENTS:

S I M E D A R B Y & C O . , L T D .

SINGAPORE & BRANCHES

bears the date of November 24th 1934, the fiftieth anniversary of the first Delegate's arrival. But no occasion seemed more fitting than the present one for the dis­tribution of that little work or for the solemnization of that anniver­sary, and hence this celebration to-day.

There had been several Papal Representatives in these lands be­fore 1884, but Mgr. Anthony Agliardi was the first to come with the title of Apostolic Dele­gate, and the first to have an un­interrupted series of successors. In the Jubilee souvenir I have sketched the history of pontifical representation in India before and since the establishment of the Apostolic Delegation and I beg to refer you to those short but not uninteresting data. Here I wish only to supplement them with a few considerations on their least common denominator, so to say, viz. on the delegatory aspect of Papal Representatives' activities in the East Indies.

Although the Vicars of Christ on earth have "solicitude for all the churches" (II Cor. II, 28) they cannot of course reside personally everywhere and hence the institu­tion of Papal Legates, who repre­sent the Pope in far off countries either transiently in particular circumstances or permanently for the purpose expressed in Canon Law. Both kinds of Papal Repre­sentatives have had a conspicuous part in the ecclesiastical history of the East Indies. But in all their endeavours and activities they were only the instruments of a Higher Authority according to the basic judicial principal that "dele­gatus agit vice delegantis" Hence whatever good may have been achieved by Papal Representatives in these lands is really the Pope's achievement and that is applicable to practically every important step of the Church's progress in the East Indies during the last five centuries, but especially since the establishment of a permanent

(Contd. on page 20)