E Grades of Marble

First classification is based on the marble colour: Green, White or Black

There are 4 classifications of marbles. Class A, being the most resistant to breakage and having the least amount of natural inclusions, veins, and inconstancies, Class B, Class C, and finally Class D, which is the most likely to break because of the above reasons. Normally, the class A materials are more consistent looking while the Class D marbles are more ornate. Class marbles would usually be harder and denser, while Class D marbles would be softer and more porous.

Marble Institute of America (MIA) Marble Classification

The Marble Institute of America (MIA) has set up a grading system for stones distributed as “marble” and or “limestone” in the mercantile sense. This classification system pertains to working soundness or the level of difficulty that the fabricator and/or installer will likely experience during fabrication and installation of the stone ; once properly installed the soundness of the stone only affects the visual appearance or aesthetics, not structural integrity. The MIA classification for soundness of A, B, C and D are replicated below along with notes added in italics by ICM:

Soundness Group A - Sound marbles with uniform and favorable working qualities: containing few geological flaws or voids. Veining sometimes looks muted or subtle rather than sharp or dramatic. Marbles in this classification are often not perceived as being as colorful or aesthetically appealing as the other classifications. Examples are Carrara, Botticino and Madhave.

Soundness Group B - Marbles similar in character to the preceding group; but with less favorable working qualities; may have natural faults and/or dry veins (3); a limited amount of waxing (1), sticking (2) and filling may be required. Micro to medium levels of fissures and some areas of pitting.

Soundness Group C - Marbles with some variation in working qualities; geological flaws, voids, veins and lines of separation are common. It is standard practice to repair these variations by one or more of several methods – waxing (1), sticking (2), filling or cementing. Liners and other forms of reinforcement are used when necessary. Increased occurrences of micro to medium levels of fissures and areas of pitting as well as dry veins (3). Marbles in this classification will have a greater amount of waxing (1), sticking (2), filling or cementing than marbles in the preceding groups. Repairs may originate at the factory which cuts the blocks into slabs and polishes the face (factory repair) or at the fabrication facility. In an effort to improve the perceived appearance of these stones, ICM frequently chips out the factory repair and fills the resulting void with chips of the actual stone and then cements them in with polyester and/or epoxy. It is very probable that the repaired area will not have the same luster or shininess as the un-repaired areas. Examples are Empress Dark Green, Roman Classic Travertine and rarely Crèma Marfil (4), Dark Emperador (4) or Rojo Alicante (4).

Soundness Group D - Marbles similar to the preceding group, but containing a larger proportion of natural faults, maximum variations in working qualities, and requiring more of the same methods of finishing. This group comprises many of the highly colored marbles prized for their decorative

values. Because of substantial increased occurrences of micro to medium and/or even large levels of fissures, faults, dry veins (3) and areas of pitting, marbles in this classification will have a greater amount of waxing (1), sticking (2), filling or cementing than marbles in the preceding groups. Repairs may originate at the factory which cuts the blocks into slabs and polishes the face (factory repair) or at the fabrication facility. In an effort to improve the perceived appearance of these stones, ICM frequently chips out the factory repair and fills the resulting void with chips of the actual stone and then cements them in with polyester and/or epoxy. It is very probable that the repaired area will not have the same luster or shininess as the un-repaired areas. Examples are frequently Crèma Marfil (4), Dark Emperador (4) and Rojo Alicante (4).

Geographical DistributionRajasthan is the richest state in the country with regards to marble deposits both in quality and quantity. The state is most important centre (Mandi) of marble processing in the country with about 95% of the total processing units. Rajasthan possesses large reserves of about 1100 million tonnes (M.T) of good quality marble. The important marble deposits are :

Nagaur : Makrana, Borawad (white), Chausira, Dungri, Paharkuan (pink), Kumari, Ulodi, Pink Range, Kala Nada Talab.

Jaipur : Bhainslana, Kotputli, Andhi, Raisala, Nimla, Todi Ka Bas.

Alwar : Jhiri, Rajgarh, Dadhikar, Badampur, Kho, Baldegarh, Moti-Dungari, Malana, GoverdhanpuraDausa : Dagota.Jaislamer : Moolsagar, Amarsagar, Badabag, Habur, Sipla, Jethwai, Narpia.Rajsamand : Kotri, Amet, Morwad, Agaria, Parvati, Morchana, Kelwa, Vani, Saprav Ka Guda, Thodi Nijharana, Talai, Umti, Jhanjer, Arna.Pali : Bar-Sendra, Diyana, Khiwandi, Sarangwa, Kantatiya, Sarangwa, Kundal, Dujara.

 

Makarana Albeta

Makarana Doongari

Makarana Kumari

Fany Brown Churu

Andhi Indo Andhi Modern Art

Jaisalmer Yellow

Jaisalmer Yellow

Bhainslana Black Jhiri Onyx Rampura

BlackFancy Green

Bidasar

Keshariyaji Sea Green

Olive Keshariyaji Agaria Morwar

Chemical Properties of Marble:Marble Area CaO MgO SiO2 Fe2O3 LOIJhiri, Alwar 26-33 21-25 0.01-3.18 0.73-1.01 40-47

Banswara : Vithaldev, Tripura Sundari, Kotharia, Khema-Talai, Bhanwaria-Talai, Oda-Bassi, Bhimkund, Prithvipura, Paloda..Udaipur : Babarmal, Devimata (Pink), Rikhabdev, Odwas, Masaron Ki Obri, (Green), Darauli, Tidi, Jaspura, Paduna, Manpur, Lohagarh, Sarvadi, Modi Chipala (White), Kela Kuan (Black). 

Bundi : Umar, Pagara.

Sirohi : Selwara, Iderla, Perwa-Serwa, Khandra, Deri, Morthala, Ajari.Dungarpur : Sabla, Nandili-Dad (calcitic), Peeth, Manpur, Dachki, Rohanwara, Mal-Surata (Green Serpentinitic).Ajmer : Sursura, Narwar, Kali-Dungari, Torka, Ladpura, Roopnagar, Saradhana, Kekri, Umaria, Sawar, Ganeshnagar.Sikar : Kela-Dungari (Maonda), Patan.Jodhpur : Pachori, Chadi, Au, Moriya-Munjasar, Indolai Ki Dhani.Bhilwara : Jahajpur, Sarankhera, Kanti, Munjras, Panchanpura, Malola, Pansel, Manohargarh, Asind, Banera, Shahpura.Chittaurgarh : Mandal Deh.Churu : Dunkar, Charla, Bidasar.

Tripura Sundari,

Banswara32 23-24 <=23.4 0.200.84 42-44

Mandaldeh, Chittaurgarh 35.92 3.01 18.52 2.93 33.18

Sandwa, Churu 31-37 13-

22.6 <=6.44 0.12-0.26 45-46

Dungarpur 48.18 2.04 10.75 1.13 35.55Bhainslana,

Jaipur 48-54 2-4 1-3 1.5-3 35-45

Phalodi, Jodhpur 39.03 9.36 8.70 0.48 42.83

Makrana, Nagaur 50-56 0.8-1.8 0.33-1.20 0.10-0.28 34.8-

43.2Rajnagar 30-33 16-25 0.01-7.6 0.12-0.95 36-44

Sirohi 51.49 0.90 8.52 0.54 39.36Keshariyaji,

Udaipur 18.56 21.29 31.51 5.33 21.82

Babarmal, Udaipur 20.79 2.21 14.35 0.28 24.00

 Technical Information of Marble

Technical Details

    

Water Absorption,

% by weight

Density, bulk

specific gravity

Modulus of rupture, N/mm2

Compressive strengthN/mm2

Abrassion resistance 

to wear

Flexural strength, N/mm2

ASTM/Indian

Standard     

C-97 C-97 C-99 C-170 IS 1237Guidelines

IS 4860 Guidelines

Area     Dry Wet Dry Wet Avg. Mxm.

Wear mm

Wearmm

Makrana 0.04 2.68 14 16 88 81 3.1 3.2 16Andhi Indo 0.05 2.68 13 11 130 109 6.6 6.8 11

Andhi Modern art 0.08 2.68 14 17 94 114 3.8 4.1 16

Jhiri Onyx 0.06 2.68 9.00 8 142 108 5.5 5.7 8Agaria,

Rajnagar 0.06 2.84 17 16 106 102 4.0 4.2 15

Morwad, Rajnagar 0.04 2.84 12 13 111 80 3.1 3.2 13

Keshariyaji Green 0.07 2.66 42 35 286 194 1.1 1.2 35

Bidasar 2.38 - 2.43 2.55 - 2.47

19 - 24 13 - 20 138 -

114 83 - 81 1.45 1.6 12 - 20

Phalodi 0.64 2.62 15 21 212 116 2.0 2.2 20 ClassificationMarble has been classified into 10 groups by Bureau of Indian Standards (Indian Standard Institute i.e. ISI) (IS 1130-1969) on the basis of colour, shade and pattern. Rajasthan is the most fortunate state where all the 10 groups specified below are occurring : 1. Plain White Marble 2. Panther Marble3. White Veined Marble 4. Plain Black Marble5. Black Zebra Marble 6. Green Marble7. Pink Adanga Marble 8. Pink Marble9. Grey Marble 10. Brown Marble

 

 Processing of MarbleA large number of processing centres have been developed in the state at Makarana, Jaipur, Alwar, Ajmer, Udaipur, Nathdwara, Rajsamand, Morchana, Amet, Abu Road, Kishangarh, Banswara, Chittaurgarh, Sirohi etc. where more than 1100 gangsaws and 50 automatic tiling plants are in operation. A large number of tiny units are also working.

IS 1130-1969

International suppliers of marble

Basic Information

  Company Name: Marble International Suppliers 

  Business Type: Manufacturer, Trading Company, Agent, Distributor/Wholesaler  

  Main Products: marble,lime stone,granite,sand stone,flooring  

  Number of Employees: 11 - 50 People 

Trade & Market

Main Markets: North AmericaSouth AmericaEastern EuropeSoutheast AsiaAfricaOceaniaMid EastEastern AsiaWestern EuropeCentral AmericaNorthern EuropeSouthern EuropeSouth AsiaDomestic Market

  Main Customers: Wholsellers,construction projects,distibutors

  Total Annual Sales Volume: US$1 Million - US$2.5 Million  

  Export Percentage: 91% - 100%  

The world is rich in mineral resources, marble, only in some areas there are insufficient resources or species. The world's major marble producing countries, Italy, China, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Turkey, the Philippines, France, Brazil, the United States, India, Austria, Russia and Japan. Italian marble, rich in resources, good quality, widely distributed, mining history, mining and processing technology advanced, the world's most powerful resources of marble and producers, exports account for about half of the total trade volume of international markets, the card wax wax white marble good for the world known varieties of marble.

Chinese marble, rich, color variety. As of the end of 1996, producing a total of 165 marble, to maintain reserves of 1.084 billion m3, of which A + B + C-class reserves of 422 million m3.

In the past, China's marble not as an independent mineral resource to be long-term importance, the basis of geological survey work is weak, nearly 10 years as the market demand and the commencement

of geological survey work, reserves increased rapidly, but there are a lot of resources without geological survey work, no proven reserves; and exploration of mining areas that have not been on in a lot of development. According to 96 China Mineral Resources Report forecasts that the national total of up to 20 billion marble resources m3, the current proven reserves account for only 5% of total resources.

Chinese marble mining only in the economically developed eastern and coastal areas into a more geological survey work, the whole forming conditions as well, although the low level of past exploration, so in the future based on market demand, as long as the appropriate input, the potential for reserves growth great.

Second, the geographic distribution

Chinese marble mining in 26 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities are distributed, more balanced, only proved reserves of relatively poor northeast region, accounting for 2.1% of total reserves; South District most proven reserves, the country's total reserves of 33.2 %. Most abundant in the provinces of Guangdong, Hebei and Guangxi provinces (regions) have reserves of more than 100 million m3; Shaanxi reserves more than 90 million m3; Sichuan, Beijing, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Henan, Anhui, Guizhou, seven The reserves are owned by the province more than 30 million m3.

According to the National Commission on the deposits of mineral reserves, the size criteria for the classification of marble deposits in more than 10 million m3 is large, 200 to 10 million m3 of medium-sized, less than 200 million m3 is small. China's current and medium-sized marble mineral deposits mainly in Beijing, Hebei, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Anhui, Sichuan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong and other places.

Third, the characteristics of resources

(A) color than the whole, wide variety, has formed a series

China is the main varieties of marble have been found more than 400, even though the Italian marble industry and other developed countries, in this regard can not be compared.The trade numbers can be exported to 100 kinds of marble.

A variety of colors, patterns have formed a series of marble, white, black, red, gray, green, yellow, color, color and taste. Patterns are cloudy, like landscapes, thread, willow, star porphyritic and rare fossils and other patterns like everything.

(B) the quality is better, the market selling the vast majority of Chinese varieties of good quality marble, fine texture, tone and elegant, beautiful patterns, gloss, decorative performance, performance can meet the relevant standards. Many species in the domestic market to gain in popularity, has a certain reputation. Such as the white line of the Beijing Fangshan, Quyang the white marble Baoxing the Shu white, Dali's Mountain White, Yunnan Yuanyang Yuan Yang Jing Bai, Laizhou snow white and so on; black family has Bijie crystal black jade , Hunan Twin Peaks Twin Peaks black and so on; red series have Anhui Lingbi Red Wan Lo , the four southern Sichuan Jiang's South Red River , Liaoning Tieling Tieling Red, Hebei Laishui the Laishui Red; gray series of Hangzhou in Zhejiang, Hang Grey, Dali's gray cloud,

Shandong Laizhou the gray bar, etc.; green series Dandong, Liaoning, Dandong green, Shandong Laiyang Laiyang Green, Henan Lushan's Lushan green; yellow series Henan Xichuan of rosin yellow, beige, the state of Guangxi wood yellow , etc.; flesh of a Yixing red cream , white butter , Guiyang, Guizhou's pattern fat butter and so on. The pattern known varieties of the beautiful, Huangshi, Hubei's fragrant, turtle bi, Jin Huang, Beijing Fangshan's Ai Ye, Dali's Cloud Flowers, Shaanxi Tongguan the Jade Dragon Shanxi Wenxi the waves, autumn and so on.

(C) of proved reserves in the mid-stone varieties based, high-low, such as white marble, Dandong green, Rosin yellow and other famous by merchants welcome, but due to low stocks, mining for a long time, large quantities have been difficult mining. Especially on the international market salable white, pure black, light-colored marble resources in quantity and quality is still very inadequate.

(D) of the high-quality marble deposits in the remote mountainous areas, there are greater difficulties in the current development in southwest China has many high-quality marble deposits, but in the remote mountainous areas, akin to finding dangerous, poor mining conditions, in particular transport costs over high in the short term is difficult to scale development. Clouds Nanfu Gong's snow Tsui, Yuanyang Yuan Yang Jing Bai, Ice Yuanyang Pingbian the Pingbian white; Sichuan asbestos white asbestos, Oscar's white marble, etc.

minimum orders of 100-200 square meters

Supply Ability ranging from 100-100000 square meter/square meters per month

Marble price

Available in the form of slabs or tiles ranging from $20 to $130 per square meter

Makrana marble price and rates are start from 40 per sq. feet up to 2000 Rs. Per sq. feet. Makrana kumari marble is starting from 40 Rs. Per sq. feet up to 80 Rs. Per sq. feet. Makrana dungri marble prices / rates start from 60 Rs. Up to 200 Rs. Per sq. feet. Makrana chak dungri marble is starting from 200 Rs. Per sq. feet up to 500 rs. Per sq. feet, albeta marble is prices / rates starting from 150 Rs. Per sq. feet up to 500 Rs. Per sq. feet and Makrana white marble prices / rates starting from 150 Rs. Per sq. feet up 2000 Rs. Per sq. feet.

Central Excise Duty: 30 rs /sq m

68029100 Other: Marble, travertine and alabaster 17-Mar-2012 Customs Basic Duty: 10Basic Duty Pref:  Addl Duty(CVD): 12Spl Addl Duty(Spl.CVD): 4Excise Cess  Customs Cess 3Custom Duty Calculator

Warehousing charges

For instance, if the marble block lands at Mundra or Kandla (the ports preferred by Rajasthan traders), the importer pays about Rs 1,500- 1,700 per tonne for transporting it to their warehouse. To transport it to Chennai then, the trader pays an additional Rs 2,800-Rs 3,000 per tonne. This causes the price of marble to rise by about Rs 30-40 per sq ft.

Docks wharfage on Granites & Marbles: Foreign: Rs 34.50/tonne & Coastal Rs 20.70/tonne