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Mapping the Mid-Atlantic Cold Pool Evolution and Variability with Ocean Gliders and Numerical Models W. Brown, W. Boicourt, C. Flagg, A . Gangopadhyay, O. Schofield, S. Glenn, and J. Kohut Cold Pool Context MAB Glider Measurements - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Mapping the Mid-Atlantic Cold Pool Evolution and Variability with
Ocean Gliders and Numerical Models
W. Brown, W. Boicourt, C. Flagg, A. Gangopadhyay,O. Schofield, S. Glenn, and J. Kohut
Cold Pool Context MAB Glider Measurements Cold Pool Glider Measurements
MTS OCEANS’12 Presentation 17 October 2012
The Mid Atlantic Bight (MAB) COLD POOL
Ou & Houghton 1982NOAA/NMFS 1979 Survey Bottom Temperatures
Remnant Winter WaterIsolated by spring stratificationFed by Cold Water from upshelf
The COLD POOL is extensive & elusive….is always evolving in TIME-SPACE
….from cradle to grave
Eroded by cross-shelf exchanges Advected by downshelf flow Destroyed by autumn storms
Modeling suggests & Observations show an INFLOW
Total temperature transport of water with T< 10oC - Cold Pool water - (in 105m3-oC) normal to the 1979 Nantucket Shoals Flux Experiment (NSFE) mooring array. Positive is toward the MAB. (adapted from Ramp et al., 1988)
2010 MODEL SIMULATIONS
“…illustrate the idea, …but have a ways to go”
The Conceptual Bottom-Trapped MAB COLD POOL
1
Observatory (simulated) data
Virtual Ocean
Design, Testing and Deploy
Models
Data Assimilation
DataAnalysis
Science Questions & Drivers
~100 m
~3 kmSensor &Platform
Data Synthesis: Nowcast & Data Impact
Hyperionon EO-1
How Do We Define and Forecast COLD POOL? …with the power of MARACOOS!
Mid Atlantic Regional Association Coastal Ocean Observing System
Opportunistic “slices of the COLD POOL” ..with gliders
MARACOOS Glider Trajectory
Composite
2003 - present
•repeat cross-shelf red /orange/yel •zig-zag along-shelf cyan •zig-zag inner-shelf dark blue
(Schofield et al., 2010).
Gliders operations -virtually independent of weather …..can be maintained at sea essentially indefinitely
Glider Cost EffectivenessOcean Gliders
- a robust tool for monitoring coastal ocean dynamics in the Middle Atlantic region -
Endurance transect time series 2003-201055 glider surveys covering over 18,000 kilometers of the NJ shelf in 826 days.
Cost estimate basis:•a full-time dedicated glider technician for glider prep and monitoring •coastal vessels for glider deployment and recovery•expenses for batteries-Iridium-insurance-nominal maintenance-repair
$6 per vertical profile $47 per kilometer traversed
Cost ~ 1/4 to 1/10 of a typical coastal ocean boat/ship survey.
OCEAN GLIDERs can measure the COLD POOL …. hidden from a satellite’s eye
2-8 August 2011
southeast of NJ
Composite Seasonal Picture
11 Sep-14 Oct 2008 2008 Cold Pool loses distinctiveness
NE CP Temp ~ 9.5oC
23 May-13 Jun 2007 2007 Cold Pool established
NE CP Temp ~ 5.0oC
14 Apr-09 May2011 2011 Cold Pool established off NJ
NE ww Temp ~ 4.9oC
19 Mar-12 Apr 2010 2010 winter waters
NE ww Temp ~ 4.5oC
Eastern MAB 2012 - Warmest Year in many!
2012 Glider Temperature Transects south of Massachusetts and Rhode Island
April 1-5 2012
June 1-5 2012
23-28 May 2007
14-19 April 2011
T ~ 5.0oC
T ~ 4.9oC
T ~ 8.5oC
T ~ 7.5oC
HistoricalTemperature
Transects
A Plan for Sustained Measurements with Data Assimilation Modeling
Summary
• MAB COLD POOL a challenging observational/modeling objective
• Ocean Gliders are a cost-effective observational technology for measuring the Cold Pool
• Data-assmilation modeling:… an essential integrator of information (inc. glider)… Cold Pool forecasting tool