Mapping the Indonesian Government's Position in the Decision-making Process of WHO FCTC Ratification

Achmad Zulfikar

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Introduction

Indonesia is a rich country with plentiful natural resources

Tobacco is one of the varieties of crops grown in Indonesia but does not produce varied product.

Low bargaining position between tobacco farmer and tobacco industry

Indonesia not ratified the WHO FCTC

Background

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• Indonesia not ratified the WHO FCTC.• The amount of state revenue from tobacco excise IDR 98,62 trillion

from IDR 147,04 trillion in 2013 would be a claim for the tobacco industry for their contribution to the country.

• Many various parties worrying the WHO FCTC can affect the fate of tobacco farmers who will lose jobs, if this convention has ratified.

• In the end of the President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono leadership, Minister of Health hopes the Presiden sign the WHO FCTC and left the legacy for Indonesia young generation.

• In that time, the response from the Cabinet Secretary, Dipo Alam stated that the President has yet to issue a decree of the President to ratify the WHO FCTC is because there are many considerations, one of which related to the fate of tobacco farmers.

Introduction Current Situation of WHO FCTC in Indonesia

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Introduction Research Question

• (1) What factors are affecting the government of Indonesia has not ratified the WHO FCTC?

• (2) What is the role of actors to affect the acceleration of the WHO FCTC ratification?

• (3) What strategy can be done to accelerate the process of ratification of the WHO FCTC?

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• Approach: Qualitative Descriptive.• Data Collection: Literature Review and

Interview– Literature Review• Review the document on tobacco control activities

done by National and International organizations, Indonesian Government, NGOs, and Academics Report

– Interview• 4 Government representative and 3 Non-government

organizations

Methodology

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• Data Analysis Techniques: – Filtering– Comparison– Presented descriptively

• This research has taken the Informed Consent.

Methodology (cont.)

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#1 Influental Factors– Technical Feasibility – Economic and Financial Viability– Political Viability– Administrative Operability

#2 Key Actors consideration– The Number of Members– Property Owned– The Discipline– The Leadership– Access to Decision-makers– The Internal Cohesion

#3 Develop Strategy

Methodology (cont.)Research Framework

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• Save Young People from Dangers of Smoking

• Economic Burden in Macro and Micro

• No administrative barriers

• Not yet entered the stage of decision-making

TechnicalEconomic

and Financial

AdministrativePolitical

Influence FactorsFinding and Discussion

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Finding and Discussion (cont.)Key Actors

WHO FCTC Accession

Ministry of Health - Government

Muhammadiyah - NGOs

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Social Approaches• Human Resource

Competitiveness

Economic Approaches• National Health

Insurance Program

Political Approaches• Post-2015 Agenda

Finding and Discussion (cont.)Develop Strategy

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Accession via Presidential Regulation (Perpres) Accession via Law (UU)

Finding and Discussion (cont.)WHO FCTC Accession in Indonesia

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Conclusion

• Political Viability the most influencing factor.• Ministry of Health and Muhammadiyah can be

optimized to accelerate WHO FCTC accession.• Strategies to accelerate WHO FCTC accession

with 3 approaches: social with human resource competitiveness, economic with National Health Insurance Program, and political with Post-2015 agenda.

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Recommendation

• The WHO FCTC accession process should be guarded.

• Strategies to accelerated can be followed through research and policy advocacy.

• Further similar research to explore and update this research with latest information related to WHO FCTC accession.