Upload
phil-subashov
View
222
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
1/681
Essay Writing
Mapping for Success
for middle and high school students
Written by Nicole Welding and Donna Herold
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
2/682
DearEducator:
Thestakeshaverisenforstudentstodemonstratecompetenceinwriting.While
educatorsacrossthecurriculumareworkingtoimprovestudentperformance,the
gapbetweenwhatisexpectedofstudentwritersandwhatstudentwritersareable
todocontinuestowiden.Thiswritingguidewasborninanefforttohelpeduca-torsndasimplewaytopresentbasicwritingskills.Designedfortheinstructionof
expository,persuasive,andliteraryanalysisessays,MappingforSuccessscaffolds
necessaryskillsandbeginsthewritersjourneytowardcontrolofhisorherwriting.
BothauthorsareNationalBoardcertiedteacherswhohavetaughtwritinginthe
classroomformorethanadecade.Theircombinedknowledgehasallowedthem
tocarefullycraftasimpleprocessthat,withguidedinstruction,iscapableofhelping
studentsbetterorganizeandelaboratetheirwriting.Whatsetsthismethodapart
fromotherapproachestowritingessaysisitseasy-to-understandformatthatallowsteacherstobringtheirowncreativitytothestudentswritingprocesswhileequipping
studentswithavisualcuetohelpdeveloptheirideas.
Thismethodisnotmeanttocreateanewvocabularyforstudentsandteachersto
learn;rather,itispurposefullydesignedsothatstudentsexistingknowledgeabout
writingcanbeeasilytappedwhenbeginningtomapoutanewessay.Theterm
Mappinghasbeenidentiedsimplytoaccentuatetheneedforstudentstoplan
theiressaybeforebeginningtheirinitialdrafts.
Usedasascaffold,thismethodcanbetaughtsuccessfullyinmiddleandhigh
school.Pageswithinthisbookletaremeanttobephotocopiedandusedinthe
classroom,asthegraphicdisplayofcontentorganizationistheprimarystrategy
thatwillassiststudentswhentheyarerequiredtowriteforanassignmentorahigh
stakestest.Aswithallgoodscaffolds,theintentistomovestudentspastthe
scaffoldassoonastheyarecapable.
LetsMapforSuccess!
NicoleWelding DonnaHerold
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
3/683
Table of ContentsWriting an Expository Essay..............4 Introduction and Teacher Tips
Mapping the Prompt
Mapping Essay Hook and Release Writing a Thesis Introductory Paragraph Mapping Body Paragraphs Conclusion Paragraph
Writing a Persuasive Essay.........21
Introduction Mapping the Prompt Mapping Essay Hook and Release Writing a Thesis Introductory Paragraph Mapping Body Paragraphs Conclusion Paragraph
Writing a Literary Analysis....... 39 Introduction Mapping the Prompt Pre-Analysis Hook and Release Mapping Essay Writing a Thesis Introductory Paragraph
Mapping Body Paragraphs Conclusion Paragraph
Appendix I . . . . Research.............................59Appendix II . . . . Prewriting and Brainstorming
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
4/684
InstructionRationale
Essaysfollowanorganizationalpatternthat,oncelearned,allowsstudentsto
writeinanintuitiveandorganizedmanner.Thisismostimportantwhenstudents
arerequiredtorespondcoherentlytoanessayquestiononatestorformalizearesponseforanexpositoryprompt.Butwhatmustourstudentsunderstandabout
purposefulexpositoryessaywritingandhowcanwemovethemtowardthose
understandings?
Importanceofpromptanalysis:Itisalwaysappropriatetodenemode,audience,
purpose,andsubjectbeforebeginningtowrite.Thefollowingpageintroducesthe
basicsofMAPS,demonstratingtheinitialquestionsthatshouldbeaskedbefore
beginningthewritingprocess.
Importanceofpre-writing:Thevalueofgraphicorganizerstoteachessaywriting
cannotbeunderestimated.Withthatsaid,itisalsoworthwhiletopointoutthat
moststudentsthatweteacharevisuallearners.Allowstudentstoseethelogical
owofinformationbeforebeginningtoteachthemtowrite.Byrequiringstudents
tovisuallymaptheirbrainstormingandpre-writing,theylearnhowgoodwriters
crafteffectivetexts.Studentswillalsolearnhowtheytoocanbeeffectivewriters.
Importanceoforganization:Asstudentsmovefrommiddleschooltohighschool
toposthighschoolinstitutions,theywillbewritingcontinuouslymorecomplexandintricateresponsesinavarietyofcontentareas.Thebasicstructureofanessay
isrelativelyeasyformoststudentstolearn.Oncetheyhavetheorganizational
patternofthesis,mainideas,andsupportingdetails,studentscanbegintobring
theirowncreativityintotheprocess.Forexample,althoughthesisstatementis
normallytaughttoappearasthelastsentenceintheintroductoryparagraph,a
thesisstatementcanalsobemovedtothebeginningsentence,movedtoa
subsequentparagraph,orcouldevenbeimplied.Studentsneedtobetaughtthe
basicstructureandthenhowtheycanbringtheirownpersonalitiestotheirwritten
products.
Importanceofpurposefulreading:Learningtheorganizationofanexpositorytext
willalsohelpstudentstobebetterreadersofnon-ctiontext.Theskillssuggest
thatthereisapatterninwhichinformationispresented--beginningwithmainideas
andfollowingwithsupportingdetails.Althoughsometextsmaystrayfromthis
structure,mostdonot.Understandingthelogicalowofhumanexpository
communicationisaskillstudentscannotaffordtomiss.
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
5/685
IntroductiontotheExpositoryEssay
Mode:Whatmodeofwritingwillbesthelpthewritertoanswertheprompt?
Writinganexpositoryessayismuchthesameaswritinganyessay.Thewritermustrstunderstandtheprompt.Anexpositoryresponseasksthewritertorespondwith
anexplanationaboutwhat,why,where,when,whoorhowsomethingisorcameto
be.
Afterthewriterhasidentiedtheappropriatemode,thenextstepistodenethe
audience,purpose,andsubject.
Audience:Whowillbereadingthisessay?
Insomeinstances,theteachershouldbeconsideredthereader;inothers,the
assignmentwillinstructthestudenttowritetoaspecicaudience.Onoccasion,the
authorwilldeterminetheaudience.Nomattertheinstance,thestudentmust
considerwhetherornotthereaderisfamiliarwiththetopicorwhetheraudience
opinionaboutthetopicwillinuencethewaytheessaywillberead.Thewriter
shouldconsiderbothaudienceandpurposeinordertoconstructatoneorpointof
viewthatelicitstheappropriateresponsefromthereader,whileconsideringhowto
crafttheessayusingaudience-appropriateexplanations,examples,andsupporting
detailstocreatethedesiredimpact.
Purpose:Whyistheessaybeingwritten?
Thewriterwillneedtounderstandthepurposebehindwritingtheexpository
essay.Whileanexpositoryessaymaybeusedtoassessstudentsforwriting
ability,itcanalsobeusedtoassessunderstandingofgiventopic.Thestudentwriter
mustbetrainedtoask,WhyamIwritingthisessay?andWhatamIexpectedto
accomplish?
Subject:DoIhaveenoughinformationtowritethisessay?
Thereadershouldunderstandthesubjectthatheisbeingaskedtowriteabout.Itis
importantthatthewriterhasenoughinformationorresearchtocompletethetaskof
writinganexpositoryessay.Onmanyoccasions,thewriterwillneedtoseek
additionalresourcestogainsufcientunderstandingofthesubjectbeforebeginning
towrite.
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
6/686
ExpositoryEssayTeacherTips
StepOne:
IntroducestudentstoMode,Audience,Purpose,andSubject.Studentsshouldbegiven
theMappingthePrompthandout.Together,discusstheMAPoftheprompt:
Whatmodeshouldbeusedtoanswerthegivenprompt?
Whowillbereadingtheessays?
Whyaretheessaysbeingwritten?
Whatarethewritersexpectedtoaccomplish?
AfterconsideringMAP,thestudentsshouldconsidertheSubject.
Isadditionalresearchneededtoaccuratelyandeffectivelyproceed?
Ifso,whattypesandwherecanthebefound?
Insomecases,additionalresearchwillbeneededtoanswerthepromptthoroughly.
StepTwo:
Steptwofocusesonpre-writingandresearching(iftheteacherdeterminesresearchis
needed).Often,studentsbelievetheyhaveenoughinformationtowritetotheassigned
prompt,buttheteacherknowsthemorescaffoldedthepre-writing,themoresuccessthe
studentwillexperiencelaterinthewritingprocess.
Research:Iftheteacherhasdeterminedthatresearchisanecessaryportionofthe
pre-writingprocess,introducethestudentstothehandoutResearchNeeded,
availableinAppendixI.Modelforthestudentshowtodecidewhattypesofresearchtouse.Havestudentsnarrowtheirresearchtypechoicestoapredeterminednumber
(thischartdefaultstofour).Thenaskstudentstousethecirclehandout(AppendixI)to
createalistofspecicsourcesunderthefourresearch-typequadrants.Teachersmay
wanttobringinsources,takestudentstothelibrary,createresearchstations,or
otherwiselocateavarietyofsourcestoassiststudentsintheirresearch.
Pre-writing:Introducestudentstoanappropriatepre-writingscaffold.Theseare
simplygraphicsdesignedtohelpstudentsholdtheirthinkingwhileexploringelementsof
atopic.Teacherdiscretioniskeyintheselectionoftheappropriatescaffold.SeeAppendixII,Pre-writingandBrainstorming,andAppendixIV,StudentSamples.Mostof
thepre-writinginformationwillbetransferredtoMappingthePrompt.
StepThree:
Therstseveraltimesworkingonathesis,studentsshouldbeguidedthroughthesis
development.Thereisabrainstorminggraphicaswellastwosuggestedgraphic
organizerstohelpstudentdevelopanappropriatethesisstatement.Theteacherorthe
studentswillneedtochoosewhichapproach,sweepingorforetelling,touseforthe
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
7/687
thesis.Aftermakingthechoice,studentswillneedtoconsidersubjectandits
importance.Thissteprequirestimeandfeedback.Itisnotuncommontospendan
entireclassperiodonacomplexprompt.Oncestudentshaveathesis,itistimeto
maptheprompt.
StepFour:
Nowitistimeforstudentstomapouttheiressays.Provideeachstudentwiththe
graphicorganizerMappingtheEssay.Studentswilllloutthisformwithbriefphrasestohelpthemorganizetheirresponse.Encouragestudentstousenotesfrom
theresearchthattheyvecompletedtohelpthemllinasmanyboxesas
possible.Thegraphicorganizersuggeststhatthreebodyparagraphswillneedtobe
addressed,butmulti-paragraphessaysofanylengthcanbecreatedwiththe
extrabodyparagraphorganizer.Itisappropriatetoallowstudentstocomplete
multiplesub-topics.Theincludedorganizerallowsforone,two,orthreesub-topics,
butteachersmayalsoprovidestudentswithadditionalhandoutsiftheessaywillhave
morethanthreebodyparagraphs.
StepFive:
HavestudentsbrainstormasmanyideasastheycantoincludeontheHookand
Releasehandout.Thisgraphicorganizerisusedtocollectasmanyideasas
possibleforstudentstohookintheirreaders.Oncetheyhaveseveralideas,they
mayuseacombinationoftwoormoretodeveloptheirhook.Thisformshouldalso
beavailabletousewhenwritingaconclusionparagraph.Makesurethatstudents
providenecessarycontextforthereaderastheytransitionfromhooktothesis.
StepSix:UsingMappingBodyParagraphs,studentsshouldorganizethebodyoftheiressays
beforebeginningtowrite.Oncetheyhavedeterminedhowmanyparagraphsthey
needandhavecompletedtheparagraphorganizers,studentsmaycontinuewriting
theirdraft.Guidestudentsastheypracticeelaboratingtheirideas.Studentsshould
practiceusingseveraltypesofelaborationuntiltheyarecomfortableproviding
qualityelaborationtoeffectivelyaddresstheprompt.Teachersshouldencourage
theirstudentstoworkwithpeersthroughoutthedraftingprocess,wheneverfeedback
andmultiplepointsofviewareappropriate.
StepSeven:
Studentswillplantheirconclusionparagraph.Usingthegraphicorganizer,students
shouldbeencouragedtowrapuptheiressaysbyreafrmingandredeningtheir
initialthesisnotonlybytryingtosayitanotherway,butalsobyaddingtoorreferring
tothereadersnewlyenrichedunderstanding.Thisisthegenesisofthetermreden-
ing,ratherthanmerelyrestating.Itisappropriateanddesirableforstudentstouse
theHookandReleasedocumenttocreateamoremeaningfulconclusion.Theteach-
ershouldmodelmultipletimesthetechniqueofcirclingbacktotheoriginalhook.
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
8/688
Mode
Expository...Explain
Persuasive...Persuade
LiteraryAnalysis...Analyze
Prompt:
________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
Audience
Purpose
WhyamIwritingthisessay? Whatisthedesiredoutcome?
Subject
Whatdoyouknow? Whatdoyouneedtoknow?
Casual
HighStakes
Novice Expert
Academic
Formal
Wellrehearsed
Academic
Informal
Relaxed
Concrete
Formal
SimpleDiction
Concrete
Informal
laid-back
ResearchNeeded:PersonalInterviews
InternetReferences
PrimarySources
SecondarySources
Statistics
ScienticData
HistoricalData
Jargon
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
9/689
Thesis:
Su
b-t
op
ic:
pp
g
p
Support
forsu
b-t
op
ic:
Su
b-t
op
ic:
Support
fo
rsu
b-t
op
ic:
Su
b-t
op
ic:
Support
forsu
b-t
op
ic:
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
10/6810
Description Anecdote
RhetoricalQuestion(s) Denition
SimileorMetaphor Humor
Quote ImportantFact(s)orStatistic(s)
Hook and Release Subject:
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
11/6811
Allessaysassertaclaim.Thepointofviewormainideaoftheessayiscalleditsthesis.Typically
writteninoneortwosentences,thethesisstatementprovidesthereaderwiththemostgeneralidea
oroverarchingideaoftheentirework.Thethesisstatementprovidestheroadmapfortheessay.
ForetellingThesisStatements:Thistypeofthesisstatementidentiesthemainideabutalsotells
howthebodyoftheessaywillbedeveloped.Usedfrequentlyinpatternedessaysliketheve
paragraphessay,thistypeofthesisusuallyprovidesthereaderwithalistofideasthatthewriterwilldiscussintheessay.
SweepingThesisStatements:Thistypeofthesisgivesageneralpreviewofwhatistocomeinthe
bodyparagraphs.Itdoesnotspecifyeachtopictobecovered;ratherthistypeofthesisexposes
thewritersclaimbroadly.Thisapproachallowsforamoresophisticatedthesis,onethatguidesthe
readerbutleavesthespecictopicstobeuncovered.
Thesis Statement Overview
Sub-topic 1
Sub-topic 2
Sub-topic 3
Common Thread
Importance:
Important because...
Elaborate...
BrainstormingtheThesis
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
12/6812
Foretelling...(Iamwritingtoexplainthat:)____________________
__________________(transition)_________________,
________________,and_____________________.
DesigningaThesisStatement:Athesisstatementprovidestheroadmapfor
youressay.
ForetellingThesis
Consider:Whatareyouexplaining?
Subject;
Sub-topic1
Record your thesis below
Thesis Design
Sub-topic2 Sub-topic3
Foretelling...___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
13/6813
Sweeping...___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
DesigningaThesisStatement:Athesisstatementprovidestheroadmapfor
youressay.
SweepingThesis
Consider:Whatareyouexplaining?
Whatisyourtopic?
Howwillyouexplainit?
Whyisitimportant?
Record your thesis below
Thesis Design
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
14/6814
(ForetellingThesis)______________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
(SweepingThesis)______________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
HOOK:___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
__________________________________________
or
Introductory Paragraph
ThesisS
tatement
ThesisS
tatement
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
15/6815
Introductory Paragraph--First Draft
_____________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
Dontforgetyourhook... Youmustgrabyourreadersattention.
Youneedtobuild
contextforthereader
Isthereanyback-
groundknowledgethe
readerneedsbefore
goingfurther?
Doyouhaveaclearthesisstatement? Youneedtocreatearoadmapforyourreader. Makesurethereaderknowswhatyouareclaiming!
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
16/6816
Sub-topic: Importance:
Elaborate: Elaborate:
Mapping Body Paragraphs
RoadMapping:Howisthisrelatedtoyournextidea?Doyouneedatransitiontoyournextparagraph
Sub-topic: Importance:
Elaborate: Elaborate:
Examples
Anecdote
Statistic(s)
Description
Metaphor
Simile
Denition
Explanation
Rationale
Examples
Anecdote
Statistic(s)
Description
Metaphor
Simile
Denition
Explanation
Rationale
Examples
Anecdote
Statistic(s)
Description
Metaphor
Simile
Denition
Explanation
Rationale
Examples
Anecdote
Statistic(s)
DescriptionMetaphor
Simile
Denition
Explanation
Rationale
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
17/6817
Sub-topic: Importance:
Elaborate: Elaborate:
Mapping Body Paragraphs
RoadMapping:Howisthisrelatedtoyournextidea?Doyouneedatransitiontoyournextparagraph?
Sub-topic: Importance:
Elaborate: Elaborate:
Examples
Anecdote
Statistic(s)
Description
Metaphor
Simile
Denition
Explanation
Rationale
Examples
Anecdote
Statistic(s)
Description
Metaphor
Simile
Denition
Explanation
Rationale
Examples
Anecdote
Statistic(s)
Description
Metaphor
Simile
Denition
Explanation
Rationale
Examples
Anecdote
Statistic(s)
DescriptionMetaphor
Simile
Denition
Explanation
Rationale
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
18/6818
Body Paragraph One--First Draft
_____________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
Dontforgetyourtopicsentence!Whatsyour1stsub-topic?
Youneedtoelaborate.
Haveyouexplainedyour
sub-topicthoroughly?
Makesuretoelaborate
usingmorethanone
typeof
elaboration.Create
layersofelaboration
Doyouneedtotransitionyourreadertothenextparagraph?
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
19/6819
Body Paragraph Two--First Draft
_____________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
Dontforgetyourtopicsentence!Whatsyour2ndsub-topic?
Youneedtoelaborate.
Haveyouexplainedyour
sub-topicthoroughly?
Makesuretoelaborate
usingmorethanone
typeof
elaboration.Create
layersofelaboration
Doyouneedtotransitionyourreadertothenextparagraph?
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
20/6820
Body Paragraph Three--First Draft
_____________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
Dontforgetyourtopicsentence!Whatsyour3rdsub-topic?
Youneedtoelaborate.
Haveyouexplainedyour
sub-topicthoroughly?
Makesuretoelaborate
usingmorethanone
typeof
elaboration.Create
layersofelaboration.
Doyouneedtotransitionyourreadertothenextparagraph?
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
21/6821
Body Paragraph ______First Draft
_____________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
Dontforgetyourtopicsentence!Whatsyournextsub-topic?
Youneedtoelaborate.
Haveyouexplainedyour
sub-topicthoroughly?
Makesuretoelaborate
usingmorethanone
typeof
elaboration.Create
layersofelaboration.
Doyouneedtotransitionyourreadertothenextparagraph?
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
22/6822
Conclusion Paragraph
RedeneThesisStatement:___________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
Release(UseHookandReleaseDocument):___________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
FinalThoughtsorLearning:___________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
Conclusion:_______________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
_________________________________________
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
23/6823
Conclusion Paragraph--First Draft
___________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
Haveyourefinedyourthesis?
GobacktoyourHook
andReleasedocument.
Canyoucirclebackto
yourintroductorypara-graph?
Doyouhaveanyfinalthoughtsforyourreader?
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
24/6824
IntroductiontothePersuasiveEssay
Mode:Whatmodeofwritingwillbesthelpthewritertoanswertheprompt?
Writingapersuasiveessayismuchthesameaswritinganyessay.Thewritermust
rstunderstandtheprompt.Apersuasiveresponseasksthewritertorespondpersua-
sivelyconstructinganargumentwithsound
reasoningandsolidevidence.
Afterthewriterhasidentiedtheappropriatemode,thenextstepisto
denetheaudience,purpose,andsubject.
Audience:Whowillbereadingthisessay?
Insomeinstances,theteachershouldbeconsideredthereader;in
others,theassignmentwillinstructthestudenttowritetoaspecic
audience.Onoccasion,theauthorwilldeterminetheaudience.Nomattertheinstance,thestudentmustconsiderwhetherornotthe
readerisfamiliarwiththetopicorwhetheraudienceopinionaboutthetopicwillinu-
encethewaytheessaywillberead.Thewritershouldconsiderbothaudienceand
purposeinordertoconstructatoneorpointofviewthatelicitstheappropriatere-
sponsefromthereader,while
consideringhowtocrafttheessayusingaudience-appropriate
explanations,examples,andsupportingdetailstocreatethedesired
impact.
Purpose:Whyistheessaybeingwritten?
Thewriterwillneedtounderstandthepurposebehindwritingthe
persuasiveessay.Whileapersuasiveessaybeusedtoassess
studentsforwritingability,thepersuasiveessaycanalsobeusedto
assessunderstandingofasubject.Thestudentwritermustbetrainedtoask,Whyam
Iwritingthisessay?andWhatamIexpectedtoaccomplish?
Subject:DoIhaveenoughinformationtowritethisessay?
Thereadershouldunderstandthesubjectthatheisbeingaskedtowriteabout.Itis
importantthatthewriterhasenoughinformationorresearchtocompletethetaskof
writingapersuasiveessay.Itisoftennotenoughtoknowyoursubject;thewritermust
knowtheargumentsmadebybothsupportingandopposingpointsofview.Onmany
occasions,thewriterwillneedtoseekadditionalresourcestogainsufcientunder-
standingofthesubjectbeforebeginningtowrite.
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
25/6825
PersuasiveEssayTeacherTips
tepOne:
troducestudentstoMode,Audience,Purpose,andSubject.StudentsshouldbegiveneMappingthePrompthandout.Together,discusstheMAPoftheprompt:
Whatmodeshouldbeusedtoanswerthegivenprompt?
Whowillbereadingtheessays?
Whyaretheessaysbeingwritten?
Whatarethewritersexpectedtoaccomplish?
fterconsideringMAP,thestudentsshouldconsidertheSubject.
Isadditionalresearchneededtoaccuratelyandeffectivelyproceed?
Ifso,whattypesandwherecanthebefound?
somecases,additionalresearchwillbeneededtoanswerthepromptthoroughly.
tepTwo:
teptwofocusesonpre-writingandresearching(iftheteacherdeterminesresearchis
eeded).Often,studentsbelievetheyhaveenoughinformationtowritetotheassigned
rompt,buttheteacherknowsthemorescaffoldedthepre-writing,themoresuccessthe
udentwillexperiencelaterinthewritingprocess.
esearch:Iftheteacherhasdeterminedthatresearchisanecessaryportionofthepre-
ritingprocess,introducethestudentstothehandoutResearchNeeded,availableinppendixI.Modelforthestudentshowtodecidewhattypesofresearchtouse.Have
udentsnarrowtheirresearchtypechoicestoapredeterminednumber(thischartdefaults
ofour).Thenaskstudentstousethecirclehandout(AppendixI)tocreatealistofspecic
ourcesunderthefourresearch-typequadrants.Teachersmaywanttobringinsources,
kestudentstothelibrary,createresearchstations,orotherwiselocateavarietyof
ourcestoassiststudentsintheirresearch.
re-writing:Introducestudentstoanappropriatepre-writingscaffold.Thesearesimply
raphicsdesignedtohelpstudentsholdtheirthinkingwhileexploringelementsofatopic.eacherdiscretioniskeyintheselectionoftheappropriatescaffold.SeeAppendixII,
re-writingandBrainstorming,andAppendixIV,StudentSamples.Mostofthepre-writing
formationwillbetransferredtoMappingthePrompt.
tepThree:
herstseveraltimesworkingonathesis,studentsshouldbeguidedthroughthesisde-
elopment.Thereisabrainstorminggraphicaswellastwosuggestedgraphicorganizers
ohelpstudentdevelopanappropriatethesisstatement.Theteacherorthestudentswill
eedtochoosewhichapproach,sweepingorforetelling,touseforthethesis.Aftermak-
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
26/6826
ingthechoice,studentswillneedtoconsidersubjectanditsimportance.Thisstep
requirestimeandfeedback.Itisnotuncommontospendanentireclassperiodona
complexprompt.Oncestudentshaveathesis,itistimetomaptheprompt.
StepFour:
Nowitistimeforstudentstomapouttheiressays.Provideeachstudentwiththe
graphicorganizerMappingtheEssay.Studentswilllloutthisformwithbriefphrases
tohelpthemorganizetheirresponse.Encouragestudentstousenotesfromtheresearchthattheyvecompletedtohelpthemllinasmanyboxesaspossible.The
graphicorganizersuggeststhatthreebodyparagraphswillneedtobeaddressed,but
multi-paragraphessaysofanylengthcanbecreatedwiththeextrabodyparagraph
organizer.Itisappropriatetoallowstudentstocompletemultiplesub-topics.The
includedorganizerallowsforone,two,orthreesub-topics,butteachersmayalso
providestudentswithadditionalhandoutsiftheessaywillhavemorethanthreebody
paragraphs.
StepFive:HavestudentsbrainstormasmanyideasastheycantoincludeontheHookand
Releasehandout.Thisgraphicorganizerisusedtocollectasmanyideasas
possibleforstudentstohookintheirreaders.Oncetheyhaveseveralideas,theymay
useacombinationoftwoormoretodeveloptheirhook.Thisformshouldalsobeavail
abletousewhenwritingaconclusionparagraph.Makesurethatstudentsprovide
necessarycontextforthereaderastheytransitionfromhooktothesis.
StepSix:
UsingMappingBodyParagraphs,studentsshouldorganizethebodyoftheiressaysbeforebeginningtowrite.Oncetheyhavedeterminedhowmanyparagraphsthey
needandhavecompletedtheparagraphorganizers,studentsmaycontinuewriting
theirdraft.Guidestudentsastheypracticeelaboratingtheirideas.Studentsshould
practiceusingseveraltypesofelaborationuntiltheyarecomfortableproviding
qualityelaborationtoeffectivelyaddresstheprompt.Teachersshouldencouragetheir
studentstoworkwithpeersthroughoutthedraftingprocess,wheneverfeedbackand
multiplepointsofviewareappropriate.
StepSeven:Studentswillplantheirconclusionparagraph.Usingthegraphicorganizer,students
shouldbeencouragedtowrapuptheiressaysbyreafrmingandredeningtheirinitial
thesisnotonlybytryingtosayitanotherway,butalsobyaddingtoorreferringtothe
readersnewlyenrichedunderstanding.Thisisthegenesisofthetermredening,
ratherthanmerelyrestating.Itisappropriateanddesirableforstudentstousethe
HookandReleasedocumenttocreateamoremeaningfulconclusion.Theteacher
shouldmodelmultipletimesthetechniqueofcirclingbacktotheoriginalhook.
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
27/6827
Mode
Expository...Explain
Persuasive...Persuade
LiteraryAnalysis...Analyze
Prompt:
________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
Audience
Purpose
WhyamIwritingthisessay? Whatisthedesiredoutcome?
Subject
WhatdoIknow?: Whatresearchisneeded?
Casual
HighStakes
Novice Expert
Academic
Formal
Wellrehearsed
Academic
Informal
Relaxed
Concrete
Formal
SimpleDiction
Concrete
Informal
laid-back
Examples:PersonalKnowledge
InternetReferences
PrimarySources
SecondarySources
Statistics
ScienticData
HistoricalData
Jargon
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
28/6828
Thesis:
Mapping
Prompt:
Claim:
Support
claim
,ma
ke
anappea
l,o
rre
fute:
Claim:
Supportc
laim
,ma
ke
an
appea
l,o
rref
ute:
Claim:
Support
claim
,ma
kean
appea
l,o
rre
fute:
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
29/6829
Description Anecdote
RhetoricalQuestion(s) Denition
SimileorMetaphor Humor
Quote StartlingFact(s)orStatistic(s)
Hook and Release Subject:
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
30/6830
Allessaysassertaclaim.Thepointofviewormainideaoftheessayiscalleditsthesis.Typically
writteninoneortwosentences,thethesisstatementprovidesthereaderwiththemostgeneralidea
oroverarchingideaoftheentirework.Thethesisstatementprovidestheroadmapfortheessay.
ForetellingThesisStatements:Thistypeofthesisstatementidentiesthemainideabutalsotells
howthebodyoftheessaywillbedeveloped.Usedfrequentlyinpatternedessayslikethevepara -graphessay,thistypeofthesisusuallyprovidesthereaderwithalistofideasthatthewriterwilldis -
cussintheessay.
SweepingThesisStatements:Thistypeofthesisgivesageneralpreviewofwhatistocomeinthe
bodyparagraphs.Itdoesnotspecifyeachtopictobecovered;ratherthistypeofthesisexposes
thewritersclaimbroadly.Thisapproachallowsforamoresophisticatedthesis,onethatguidesthe
readerbutleavesthespecictopicstobeuncovered.
Thesis Statement Overview
Evidence 1
Evidence 2
Evidence 3
Common Thread
OverallImportance:
Important because...
Elaborate
BrainstormingtheClaim
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
31/6831
Foretelling...(Iamwritingtopersuadeyouthat:)____________________
__________________(transition)_________________,
________________,and_____________________.
DesigningaThesisStatement:Athesisstatementprovidestheroadmapfor
youressay.
ForetellingThesis
Consider:Whatisyourposition?Whatareyougoingtoargue?
Position,claim,orstance:
Reason1
Record your thesis below
Thesis Design
Reason2 Reason3
Foretelling...___________________________________
________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
________________________________________
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
32/6832
Sweeping...___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
________________________________________
DesigningaThesisStatement:Athesisstatementprovides
theroadmapforyouressay.
SweepingThesis
Consider:Whatisyourposition?Whatareyougoingtoargue?
Whatisyourposition,claim,orstance?
Howwillyoupersuadeyourreader?
Whyisyourstanceimportant?
Record your thesis below
Thesis Design
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
33/6833
(ForetellingThesis)______________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
(SweepingThesis)______________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
HOOK:___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
__________________________________________
Introductory Paragraph
ThesisS
tatement
ThesisS
tatement
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
34/6834
Introductory Paragraph--First Draft
_____________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
Dontforgetyourhook... Youmustgrabyourreadersatten-tion.
Youneedtobuil
contextfortheread
Isthereanyback
groundknowledge
readerneedsbefo
goingfurther?
Doyouhaveaclearthesisstatement? Youneedtocreatearoadmapforyourreader. Makesurethereaderknowswhatyouareclaiming!
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
35/6835
Claim: Importance:
Elaborate: Elaborate:
Mapping Body Paragraphs
Examples
Anecdote
Statistic(s)
Description
Metaphor
Simile
Denition
Appeal
Rationale
Refute
RoadMapping:Howisthisrelatedtoyournextidea?Doyouneedatransitiontoyournextparagraph?
Examples
Anecdote
Statistic(s)
Description
Metaphor
Simile
Denition
Appeal
RationaleRefute
Claim: Importance:
Elaborate: Elaborate:
Examples
Anecdote
Statistic(s)
Description
Metaphor
Simile
Denition
Appeal
Rationale
Refute
Examples
Anecdote
Statistic(s)
Description
MetaphorSimile
Denition
Appeal
Rationale
Refute
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
36/6836
Claim: Importance:
Elaborate: Elaborate:
Mapping Body Paragraphs
RoadMapping:Howisthisrelatedtoyournextidea?Doyouneedatransitiontoyournextparagraph
Examples
Anecdote
Statistic(s)
Description
Metaphor
Simile
Denition
Appeal
Rationale
Refute
Claim: Importance:
Elaborate: Elaborate:
Examples
Anecdote
Statistic(s)
Description
Metaphor
Simile
Denition
Appeal
Rationale
Refute
Examples
Anecdote
Statistic(s)
Description
Metaphor
Simile
Denition
Appeal
Rationale
Refute
Examples
Anecdote
Statistic(s)
Description
Metaphor
Simile
Denition
Appeal
Rationale
Refute
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
37/6837
Body Paragraph One--First Draft
_____________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
Dontforgetyourtopicsentence!Whatsyourmostimportantclaim?
Youneedtoelaborate.
Haveyouconvinced
yourreader? Makesure
toelaborateusingmore
thanonetypeof
elaboration.
Doyouneedtotransitionyourreadertothenextparagraph?
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
38/6838
Body Paragraph Two--First Draft
_____________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
Dontforgetyourtopicsentence!Whatsyournextimportantclaim?
Youneedtoelaborate.Haveyouconvinced
yourreader? Makesure
toelaborateusingmore
thanonetypeof
elaboration.Youmay
wanttorefuteacoun-
terargument.
Doyouneedtotransitionyourreadertothenextparagraph?
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
39/6839
Body Paragraph Three--First Draft
_____________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
Dontforgetyourtopicsentence!Whatsyournextimportantclaim?
YouneedtoelaborateHaveyouconvinced
yourreader? Makesur
toelaborateusingmor
thanonetypeof
elaboration.Youmay
wanttorefuteacoun
terargument.
Doyouneedtotransitionyourreadertothenextparagraph?
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
40/6840
Body Paragraph ______ First Draft
_____________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
Dontforgetyourtopicsentence!Whatsyournextimportantclaim?
YouneedtoelaborateHaveyouconvinced
yourreader? Makesur
toelaborateusingmor
thanonetypeof
elaboration.Youmay
wanttorefuteacoun
terargument.
Doyouneedtotransitionyourreadertothenextparagraph?
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
41/6841
Conclusion Paragraph
RedeneThesisStatement:___________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
Release(UseHookandReleaseDocument):___________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
FinalThoughtsandCalltoAction:________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Conclusion:_______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
_________________________________________
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
42/6842
Conclusion Paragraph--First Draft
___________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
Haveyourefinedyourthesis?
GobacktoyourHook
andReleasedocument.
Canyoucirclebackto
yourintroductorypara-graph?
Doyouhaveanyfinalthoughtsforyourreader?Dontforgetacalltoaction.
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
43/6843
Introduction to the Literary Analysis Essay
Mode: What mode of writing will best help the writer to answer theprompt?
Writing a literary analysis is much the same as writing any essay. Thewriter must rst understand the prompt. An analytic prompt asks thewriter to respond to a literary passage, whether ction or non-ction, ina critical way constructing an argument with sound reasoning and solidevidence.
After the writer has identied the appropriate mode, the next step is todene the audience, purpose, and subject.
Audience: Who will be reading this essay?
In some instances, the teacher should be considered the reader; in others,the assignment will instruct the student to write to a specic audience. Onoccasion, the author will determine the audience. No matter the instance,the student must consider whether or not the reader is familiar with thetopic or whether audience opinion about the topic will inuence the way theessay will be read. The writer should consider both audience and purposein order to construct a tone or point of view that elicits the appropriateresponse from the reader, while considering how to craft the essay usingaudience-appropriate explanations, examples, and supporting details to
create the desired impact.
Purpose: Why is the essay being written?
The writer will need to understand the purpose behind writing the literaryanalysis essay. While a literary analysis may be used to assess studentsfor writing ability, the analytic essay can also be used to assessunderstanding of a given reading. The student writer must be trained toask, Why am I writing this essay? and What am I expected to
accomplish?
Subject: Do I have enough information to write this essay?
The reader should understand the subject that he is being asked to writeabout. It is important that the writer has enough information or researchto complete the task of writing an analytic essay. It is often not enough tohave a reader response to the passage; the writer must know thecritical arguments made by both supporting and opposing points of view.
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
44/6844
LiteraryAnalysisEssayTeacherTips
StepOne:
IntroducestudentstoMode,Audience,Purpose,andSubject.Studentsshouldbegiven
theMappingthePrompthandout.Together,discusstheMAPoftheprompt:
Whatmodeshouldbeusedtoanswerthegivenprompt?
Whowillbereadingtheessays?
Whyaretheessaysbeingwritten?
Whatarethewritersexpectedtoaccomplish?
AfterconsideringMAP,thestudentsshouldconsidertheSubject.
Isadditionalresearchneededtoaccuratelyandeffectivelyproceed?
Ifso,whattypesandwherecanthebefound?
Insomecases,additionalresearchwillbeneededtoanswerthepromptthoroughly.
StepTwo:
Steptwofocusesonpre-writingandresearching(iftheteacherdeterminesresearchis
needed).Often,studentsbelievetheyhaveenoughinformationtowritetotheassigned
prompt,buttheteacherknowsthemorescaffoldedthepre-writing,themoresuccessthe
studentwillexperiencelaterinthewritingprocess.
Research:Iftheteacherhasdeterminedthatresearchisanecessaryportionofthepre-
writingprocess,introducethestudentstothehandoutResearchNeeded,availableinAppendixI.Modelforthestudentshowtodecidewhattypesofresearchtouse.Have
studentsnarrowtheirresearchtypechoicestoapredeterminednumber(thischartdefau
tofour).Thenaskstudentstousethecirclehandout(AppendixI)tocreatealistofspeci
sourcesunderthefourresearch-typequadrants.Teachersmaywanttobringinsources
takestudentstothelibrary,createresearchstations,orotherwiselocateavarietyof
sourcestoassiststudentsintheirresearch.
Pre-writing:Introducestudentstoanappropriatepre-writingscaffold.Thesearesimply
graphicsdesignedtohelpstudentsholdtheirthinkingwhileexploringelementsofatopicTeacherdiscretioniskeyintheselectionoftheappropriatescaffold.SeeAppendixII,
Pre-writingandBrainstorming,andAppendixIV,StudentSamples.Mostofthepre-writin
informationwillbetransferredtoMappingthePrompt.
StepThree:
Therstseveraltimesworkingonathesis,studentsshouldbeguidedthroughthesisde-
velopment.Thereisabrainstorminggraphicaswellastwosuggestedgraphicorganizer
tohelpstudentdevelopanappropriatethesisstatement.Theteacherorthestudentswil
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
45/6845
needtochoosewhichapproach,sweepingorforetelling,touseforthethesis.Aftermakin
thechoice,studentswillneedtoconsidersubjectanditsimportance.Thissteprequires
timeandfeedback.Itisnotuncommontospendanentireclassperiodonacomplex
prompt.Oncestudentshaveathesis,itistimetomaptheprompt.
StepFour:
Nowitistimeforstudentstomapouttheiressays.ProvideeachstudentwiththegraphicorganizerMappingtheEssay.Studentswilllloutthisformwithbriefphrasesto
helpthemorganizetheirresponse.Encouragestudentstousenotesfromthe
researchthattheyvecompletedtohelpthemllinasmanyboxesaspossible.The
graphicorganizersuggeststhatthreebodyparagraphswillneedtobeaddressed,but
multi-paragraphessaysofanylengthcanbecreatedwiththeextrabodyparagraph
organizer.Itisappropriatetoallowstudentstocompletemultiplesub-topics.The
includedorganizerallowsforone,two,orthreesub-topics,butteachersmayalso
providestudentswithadditionalhandoutsiftheessaywillhavemorethanthreebody
paragraphs.
StepFive:
HavestudentsbrainstormasmanyideasastheycantoincludeontheHookand
Releasehandout.Thisgraphicorganizerisusedtocollectasmanyideasas
possibleforstudentstohookintheirreaders.Oncetheyhaveseveralideas,theymay
useacombinationoftwoormoretodeveloptheirhook.Thisformshouldalsobeavail-
abletousewhenwritingaconclusionparagraph.Makesurethatstudentsprovideneces
sarycontextforthereaderastheytransitionfromhooktothesis.
StepSix:
UsingMappingBodyParagraphs,studentsshouldorganizethebodyoftheiressays
beforebeginningtowrite.Oncetheyhavedeterminedhowmanyparagraphstheyneed
andhavecompletedtheparagraphorganizers,studentsmaycontinuewritingtheirdraft.
Guidestudentsastheypracticeelaboratingtheirideas.Studentsshouldpracticeusing
severaltypesofelaborationuntiltheyarecomfortableproviding
qualityelaborationtoeffectivelyaddresstheprompt.Teachersshouldencouragetheir
studentstoworkwithpeersthroughoutthedraftingprocess,wheneverfeedbackandmu
tiplepointsofviewareappropriate.
StepSeven:
Studentswillplantheirconclusionparagraph.Usingthegraphicorganizer,students
shouldbeencouragedtowrapuptheiressaysbyreafrmingandredeningtheirinitial
thesisnotonlybytryingtosayitanotherway,butalsobyaddingtoorreferringtothe
readersnewlyenrichedunderstanding.Thisisthegenesisofthetermredening,rathe
thanmerelyrestating.ItisappropriateanddesirableforstudentstousetheHookand
Releasedocumenttocreateamoremeaningfulconclusion.Theteachershouldmodel
multipletimesthetechniqueofcirclingbacktotheoriginalhook.
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
46/6846
Mode
Expository...Explain
Persuasive...Persuade
LiteraryAnalysis...Analyze
Prompt:
_______________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
Audience
Purpose
WhyamIwritingthisessay? WhatamIexpectedtoaccomplish?
Subject
ResearchCompleted: ResearchNeeded:
Casual
HighStakes
Novice Expert
Academic
Formal
Wellrehearsed
Academic
Informal
Relaxed
Concrete
Formal
SimpleDiction
Concrete
Informal
laid-back
Examples:PersonalResponse
InternetReferences
LiteraryCriticism
Authorsworks
Worksabouttheauthor
HistoricalContext
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
47/6847
Setting(How): Conict(How)
Events/Complications(How) Characterization(How)
Mood(How) Tone(How)
Imagery(How)
Theme(WhatorWhy):
Pre-Analysis
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
48/6848
Description Anecdote
RhetoricalQuestion(s) Denition
SimileorMetaphor Humor
Quote StartlingFact(s)orStatistic(s)
Hook and Release Subject:
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
49/6849
Thesis:Observation
(Whatishappening
inthestory?)
orassertion
(Whatisthecentralconceptofimportance?)
Howtheau
thorshowingit?(Literary
tools)
Whyisheshowingit?(Whatisthet
heme?)
Thes
issu
pport
statemen
t2:
Thes
iss
upport
statement
1:
Thes
iss
upport
statem
en
t3:
Support
from
tex
t:
Support
from
tex
t:
Support
from
tex
t:
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
50/6850
Allessaysassertaclaim.Thepointofviewormainideaoftheessayiscalleditsthesis.Typically
writteninoneortwosentences,thethesisstatementprovidesthereaderwiththemostgeneralidea
oroverarchingideaoftheentirework.Thethesisstatementprovidestheroadmapfortheessay.
ForetellingThesisStatements:Thistypeofthesisstatementidentiesthemainideabutalsotells
howthebodyoftheessaywillbedeveloped.Usedfrequentlyinpatternedessayslikethevepara -
graphessay,thistypeofthesisusuallyprovidesthereaderwithalistofideasthatthewriterwilldis -
cussintheessay.
SweepingThesisStatements:Thistypeofthesisgivesageneralpreviewofwhatistocomeinthe
bodyparagraphs.Itdoesnotspecifyeachtopictobecovered;ratherthistypeofthesisexposes
thewritersclaimbroadly.Thisapproachallowsforamoresophisticatedthesis,onethatguidesthe
readerbutleavesthespecictopicstobeuncovered.
Thesis Statement Overview
Sub-topic 1
Sub-topic 2
Sub-topic 3
Common Thread
OverallImportanceofSub-Topics:
Important because...
BrainstormingtheThesis
Elaborate...
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
51/6851
Foretelling...(Iamwritingtoconvinceyouthat:)____________________
__________________(transition)_________________,
________________,and_____________________.
DesigningaThesisStatement:Athesisstatementprovidestheroadmapfor
youressay.
ForetellingThesis
Consider:Whatisyourposition?Whatareyougoingtoargue?
Assertion,claim,orstance:
How1
Record your thesis below
Thesis Design
How2 How3
Foretelling...___________________________________
________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
________________________________________
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
52/6852
Sweeping...___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
________________________________________
DesigningaThesisStatement:Athesisstatementprovidestheroadmapfor
youressay.
SweepingThesis
Consider:Whatisyourposition?Whatareyougoingtoargue?
Whatishappeninginthestory?
Howistheauthorshowingit?
Whyisitimportantorwhatislearned.(Whatisthetheme?)
Record your thesis below
Thesis Design
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
53/6853
(ForetellingThesis)______________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
(SweepingThesis)______________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
HOOK:______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
______________________________________
or
Introductory Paragraph
Thesi
sS
tatement
ThesisS
tatement
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
54/6854
Introductory Paragraph--First Draft
_____________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
Dontforgetyourhook... Youmustgrabyourreadersatten-tion.
Youneedtobuild
contextfortheread
Haveyouincludedt
titleofthetextyou
discussing?Dontfo
theauthorsnam
Doyouhaveaclearthesisstatement? Youneedtocreatearoadmapforyourreader. Makesurethereaderknowswhatyouareclaiming!
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
55/6855
Statementofsupport: Leadin:
Citepassage: Citepassage: Citepassage:
Mapping Body Paragraphs
RoadMapping:Howisthisrelatedtoyournextidea?Doyouneedatransitiontoyournextparagraph?
Statementofsupport: Leadin:
Citepassage: Citepassage: Citepassage:
Impactofpassage?Howdoes
thepassageupholdthesis?
Impactofpassage?Howdoes
thepassageupholdthesis?
Impactofpassage?Howdoes
thepassageupholdthesis?
Impactofpassage?Howdoes
thepassageupholdthesis?
Impactofpassage?Howdoes
thepassageupholdthesis?
Impactofpassage?Howdoes
thepassageupholdthesis?
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
56/6856
Statementofsupport: Leadin:
Citepassage: Citepassage: Citepassage:
Mapping Body Paragraphs
RoadMapping:Howisthisrelatedtoyournextidea?Doyouneedatransitiontoyournextparagraph
Statementofsupport: Leadin:
Citepassage: Citepassage: Citepassage:
Impactofpassage?Howdoes
thepassageupholdthesis?
Impactofpassage?Howdoes
thepassageupholdthesis?
Impactofpassage?Howdoesthepassageupholdthesis?
Impactofpassage?Howdoes
thepassageupholdthesis?
Impactofpassage?Howdoes
thepassageupholdthesis?
Impactofpassage?Howdoes
thepassageupholdthesis?
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
57/68
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
58/6858
Body Paragraph Two--First Draft
_____________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
Dontforgetyourtopisentence!
Doyouneedtotransitionyourreadertothenextparagraph?
Youneedtosuppo
yourthesis. Usethtext,andmakesure
discusstheimpact
thepassageandhow
upholdsthetheme
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
59/6859
Body Paragraph Three--First Draft
_____________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
Dontforgetyourtopisentence!
Doyouneedtotransitionyourreadertothenextparagraph?
Youneedtosuppo
yourthesis. Usethtext,andmakesure
discusstheimpact
thepassageandhow
upholdsthetheme
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
60/6860
Body Paragraph ______First Draft
_____________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
Dontforgetyourtopicsentence!
Doyouneedtotransitionyourreadertothenextparagraph?
Youneedtosupport
yourthesis. Usethe
text,andmakesureto
discusstheimpactof
thepassageandhow
upholdsthetheme.
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
61/6861
Conclusion Paragraph
RedeneObservationorAssertion:_______________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
FinalThoughtsorLearning:___________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
Conclusion:_______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
_________________________________________
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
62/6862
Conclusion Paragraph--First Draft
___________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
Haveyourefinedyourthesis?
GobacktoyourHook
andReleasedocument.
Canyoucirclebackto
yourintroductorypara-graph?
Doyouhaveanyfinalthoughtsforyourreader?
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
63/6863
Appendix I
Research Scaffolds
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
64/6864
Examples:PersonalResponse
InternetReferences
LiteraryCriticism
Authorsworks
Worksabouttheauthor
HistoricalContext
____________________
_______________________________________________________________
____________________
_______________________________________________________________
____________________
_______________________________________________________________
____________________
_______________________________________________________________
Data Needed:
ResearchNeeded--LiteraryAnalysis
Thinkaboutwhaty
oualreadyknowabouty
our
topic.Whatadditionalinformationdoyou
need
tobestinformyourrea
ders?
Prompt:_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
Whatkindofres
earchwillhelpyo
u
preparetowrite
youressay?
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
65/6865
ResearchNeeded--ExpositoryorPersuasive
Examples:PersonalKnowledge
InternetReferences
PrimarySources
SecondarySources
Statistics
ScienticData
HistoricalData
Jargon
____________________
_______________________________________________________________
____________________
_______________________________________________________________
____________________
_______________________________________________________________
____________________
_______________________________________________________________
Data Needed:
Whatkindofres
earchwillhelpyou
preparetowrite
youressay?
Thinkaboutwhatyou
alreadyknowaboutyou
r
topic.Whatadditionalinformationdoyoune
ed
tobestinformyourrea
ders?
Prompt:_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
66/6866
Appendix II
Pre-Writing and Brainstorming
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
67/6867
Setting(How): Conict(How)
Events/Complications(How) Characterization(How)
Mood(How) Tone(How)
Imagery(How)
Theme(WhatorWhy):
Pre-Analysis--Literary Analysis
7/24/2019 Mapping for success essay writing
68/68
Description Anecdote
RhetoricalQuestion(s) Denition
SimileorMetaphor Humor
Quote StartlingFact(s)orStatistic(s)
Hook and Release Subject: