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Al6-)/:-'?l~-5 (iZ!(-1!:1-:'lre)
S·;bjt.ct.:
P.c:fcrenco!
{l!JI:!..D 'iiATI.S ft.::;nc :'!E":'i' AJfi !':)'{C~, r; .. ;rn c 1~ ~r
Cor-:-<l!:'it:r Air :'a:'cc, ?aci fie fleet. Disi.Tibuti~n T;!.3t ,
3Mic Cun:ocry u<'CUine 0."1<! l$1.r~;ct.ions fe r .>hip• cf .Ur force, i'acifi~ flaat (1'cn\.:.t.i.v~).
(~) ~~F lOA, Article 6710,
1 . E~5lc Cur.~:~/ Dcc~rioo ~~ !n,lruel.io~' for S~jy~ oC Ai~ iorca, P~.c~t'ie n~ct (Tor.L;.t!.•Jn), e., r.:c;:;ir:xl b; rofe:-a;,:o (n) :i.' bs•Jed for c~o ar.tl t;\lidMco of ~!1ips c f ;.i.,- For:c, ?aeif:!.e :"lc.;-., ,
2. ~ll ec~~c, &ro i.cvitcd tc co~~r.t. en ~bj~ct ~oc~i~o acd ir..stNcticr.s cr.d to a:.':r.-lt. rceO"'rcr.c.cd c..,ongcs. ~J'Ctl scl'f!.::ior.t t~~l ;;.rd !nco~::r>ion or ~pprcve:l r:co~ndet!.or.s , t~is J'U\:l!ct t.ic:: •·"' 1~. 'eo rwiNd1 m~ itewcd t.o eh.ip-5 ~!i 3tsic Cur.nc:·ry Doc!.r~ c:.:ui lr..!i~.;~..l:tier~ ~c-.· !:?-.:.p3 of ~no t.:r Forco, Pacific fleet .
Dl STRI Sl':'TC:~ : List Ill
E F G H
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I. Con<>ral ~idcntJ.or.s.
(A) It 14 bor ne in ,j.-.:1 t.m.t £UMCIT p-oblell03 arc a!Ceet.c:cl br ao a:.any tac:t.ors tho.t 0. pr: sc:ribed j:lroecdurc ..a;; not. bo ~&eticabl<: uo:Jer cote~ ei:C".l8".Stu.c:o: Cl\U\~Wry U.Oct.rino U\d ~1tl'\l ctioos =st t.;,onfore be !lcxibJ~ . !1o,..ver, 80WY.I doct.ri.n~ or ~.st.r..:ctions ehcul:l etN<>r orc1ir.u-,; circuc.st.&:lcoa and m.y 3"lso scrv¢ i.11 .r.o't c:xtraordin&I7 circlll'".st.e.r.eu a:~ci 1.1-J..s ~ tl\Q ic.t.=t o! t.hi.s pul:li~tiClll. Instru:t.l.o:"l.:l aDd discussion cont.e.i=d ·hcr~i.n ~· derive<! !ro:t~ a 1tudy o! doctl-ir.o pr~J.eOJt..d by ot:.Cr typ: co::rJE.rds , J'!"O""durcs used 1:;; u:pcrionced thips, cone.!usio.'\3 ar.? ro;c=oCDCI<>1.ions oub::dt.t.od i.n ut.io:t r eport.:. , &J1d tl".o .,_p.l:Uitios o:: ""~MS.
(B) ThB ur:seJ~~Cnt. of • h1p3 of JJr i'crco, Pacific Floc~ c:oMist.a pri.:.'>l'i.ly o.! ~fer.sivo xcopoN , ])i:Jcuuion is tocrcfcrc lim ted t.o t.:ct.or • ;rhich t.cno t.o Pl"CIIIOt.c: the best do!en.o ar,~r.st. ~nt:::~r atl.aclt:~, .O.t.b ct~>phash ;::lAced u;x:n &1r at.t.edn &.t .those c.ost. llioly U) occcr.
(C) Certain upcc:t.s o! -t&eticr- 1 ru":: .:;u.'l.''!or.r doc:t.r1nn 11'1 ~'"'l>CllinG ~ir attaclu uo li.st.c:d 1."1 Pa.-t. Tl o! :JSF lC:. 1 ·.<!:iA:h arB not rc-po~t.c:d herein.. U:U.t.s .:ill coord.i.n.ct.o these cons11lc..rt.tior.:: .:Hl'l typ:;" cioetr iro ~ e.ircu.."'l!ltancoa N(!loircl.
(D) Col'\ditioM o.! ro-~dincn fer netiotl 10!'0 da!'inod lnd roq-.rlrru.enta &ro .;:ro-. a cribod in lJSF 101., Part II . P.cri~re'lcnl.a .of corrliti:ons ot rudi.nos.a uo c.a.pl.ifiod by Ccc:-=n:ic:.r A.!.r fo:eB , PaC;t'ic · i'lDet. confidential lctiA:r serial 0191 datod lS Jt/llU.r:t 191.4.
(2:) I>~et:inc and instru~U~ cont.a!nc-d herein oo'""r 1.ho \130 ot a.rN.~rA~Ilt and l !ro control ' Y•ta::te ccn':IOn to (;I cl.Asa cuT~r:; but p:rti.'lcct. ~rto arc int.cr.ded to abc servo tcr other •hip:. . Sh!ps ~vins }" ~d l~l batt..l:-101 should a.pp.!,y' ~~ tar ... J='actiea.b!c, inst:ructior.s· concorl'lil-,g s• tnd 40 I'.S be.twric.! rupoet.!vc q .
II. Nro Pcwar,
(A) The oa~ont~' ot !ire ~r are: 1 . Ac:c:ure.cy ~t.h '"lllpl\aeie o:l early tnd oonti.nucd hit.t.ir.g. 2. !t:.;lidit.y odtll rcrut£..'lt !l1eh velum:! or tiro:.
(a) 'I'o cbt4i.n tm &bovo ther e !IUS1; be: l. Eul.y :sitht~, :roco~tian of target. an:i rarJin:os! to fire . 2 . ()paning !'iro at carlieet ?"Sdblc OCI!Xlllt oou::ist.cnt. with
pnctieu ran~e ol ot.&J:OI"-' . · J , Hi4;but. p:;raonnel •ld!l, 11.ttaincd' ~oQ~;l'l trUniJl& &r~d
indoct.ri:l.'\ticn. 4. Tho:~ k:lcwlad&c o! c.l~llit.ics or bat.~ry n.d fire
oont.n>l oquipr.:nl. , S. 1i1nilluc er c~cations. 6. Si,vlicitj' o! ~:~<>ti!Oda,
Ill. SolDction o! Tugch .
(~} Soctcr arrtnization. A 11ccto: orgc.'l.iution (4 sce1.ors) fo:- c:>r.t..-ol. of =nt. is reCQiilmCnd«d.
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DECLASSIFIEI ~I:...!:.Y OOC'IR !liE .PA.R'i' OJ:E
-~ C-0-l<-F-I-D-E-~T-I-A-L
Sectcrs or lOCP ldll s1voo a 3li<;;,t C'V<!t'l~!p an::! t.hJ.:J i~ dosira!>le . 'l'ha scctcr cor.t.rol aethod give:~ 1:eot ~s\11'1!!1Co that el~ tar<.ets are ~"n W><!cr fi:-e. Guns choultl- be pcrcd.t.te:l to IMI"/8 !roc the:!.r aed&:>ed . .. ct.or cr~ when t.'lere -dei1nUly -&re 00 endt.ngc'l'i."lg t.vgats i:l that sector, ln t..'>is COnMction it •ho\lld be ' lcept 1r. ftl.i.');! U.a"!. in case of a he>idly araneon•eri."'! slti;l , ~gets will· qui<:Xli sltit't fro>:> ~ector to "ector.
(B) Pre!er<Mee of Targeu.
1, fk,f\Side:-iJ\g the eap31>1J.it:l.u of g:.lttl &ni -danger <:>! &t4d<a, p!'C!!ereneo of weets is r&e .. ::r.>a'n:lcd ... f oll<M":
(~) S"/38 ce.l.iber gu= . {1) Tcrpedo phno a- skip bccbi:~,c; at4cic.,. ~2) Di·lo or gline boc:ber e~cRs. {3) ~~level attack~.
(b) 40 m gu.."'.' . . (l) 'Ior podo phne or sk~p bo:n::u~ et~ck.s . (-2} Dive cr gllie 'b<.Dl;oc:- or str~ing ~tta<X:; . ( 3 ) H~h le vo l M. t ' .c:.k.s , if •·;!.lor .i:'l rtnte of 1:111'"' , 1
(e) 20 m e;c.r:s . (l) Dive cr ~;lif!e bc:ber or ~tr:.fir.g .(' tt.o!ck3, (2) Torpal!o ?.l.->:>6 ~r skiP. bc~iT'€ ctted<s. ,
2 . the 'bes t. target is th" n<l"-r<>st. p lAno t.hroatccin,g ~ ship. l'l.P..nes .m1ch M.vc CCO.):.icte~ t!:cir ;;.tt<.c.~• or arc :rct:irir~ .sho;;.ld r.ct be fired u;>ou ii: othe:. th:'eater..ing t=-get.:i ero avail."lolc . i'.ot.iri~ pln.n<:s should r.ot bo fired upot~ if ow !i&ht-ors <:'.l"e e:r.g~!Jig the!!! .
IV. Opc:rl.ng F1re.
.{1..) '!'he rcsponaibilitf fer opcr.i.."lo~ firo 7'Csts with t."" oorxMd!ne e:'ficer. This l'>Ut.'lorl t.y should be <lelcs;:~tcd to JTDpor eubcrdillet.e~ il> C.'lSDS wl>e.>n tha t-irae !netor i~ l'.ll. bpor-t.-::nt. . .~ll si t.u.,tjo,-,s llhieh r:iy bo 11111t e.:!MOt. r os.::J.ily &G eav.lr.ad in e doctri:w !or opcnin.; fire b"t. th<1 .fpllOI'd.ng garere.l FOV.!.sicn.s :~bould bo ::.dhercd 1.o: ·
l • .1!.'1~ .c:ha.ractor of ts:rget nCI%'!l'~!y lirU!it bo dctcm!ned be!aro open-1.'1(! J'iro. This st".1.or.Kant ·ls qJ:L.lifiod ~inco method5· o! icle.nW!.ct.ti.on ~ not rel.dil;r discloso thO true id;,nt.i t y o! t arget, :::r.d '.he t.:Uno t'c.eter is such t.het !!<Jrious ne:v.ce ~.y b() !lr:~Cllcd. 1.o erl.st if fi:-o is Viithhc:ld pending further cfJ'ort.s of iC.cntiiicot.ion. ;.n =-~;:lo or ti'J." wollld be if lUsh spet.d :J.erir-1 t~~F,et_, were to sud:!en.l:; e.'!lcrgo fret.\ tho su.'l o:- clo,;d oon:c:ur.r.: nt to tt.r~:.ten own ship. Hi.R3 'i:'£ EI:El.ll' CHA?.AC'!'ER IS J.SSU'-'!D EY rrs ;.crroo, n~tdt.b~~n<: :l'resenco o.f o><n rJ.raa!t . In th~ c~c 1\ot.hcrity to open tire sho;;ld be dcle~•.tcd to t..'1e fiUll!>Cl"/ oor.~:-ol cfficqr ~ild. others M rec;u!.red. lr.f ~~~ct c~~reetcris~ie~ .
2. 11:-.en """pl" notic~ is e,iver. o! nn acri;ll t.•.re.et• ~ .:o.pp:-oach, :;.s i n ';l'.e ca.se o!' pr~cr det.ect.i cn; wlle:-e t !le possi':lillt.:; exists of .!..."Jter!c:-<:nc<~ w~t!l ether e:eu., o! dctcnu, "S!;;h ~s t1&11ters; ::.1~ when the position ot t~e ~hip i:l the torn.!:tlon 'is ~ !:c-:.~ 1 tt.e r esponsibillt;r o! opcni:1g i'Ua N!S~S f!ircctly '<i t.'l the c=~.di."!!; o.fticer ,
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IJ'.~:!::;;RY DOCTR!!·:E P . .J~T C:l;;;
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3 • ..lhcn E."l coc:::(i air att.a.d< cevelcP:J, .friendlY .!'l.W>t.er planes will, iC pos$il;~, 'be "ectcre<:l c..:t. t.<> inte:cept a tuck. Ship" st.all er.erciee rest.rai~tt.. j.n ·>J:.e:U..'\5 fue C:l enecy p.l..i!.no.~ . .,.hich ar.: cf'rective.ly attc.cl<cd t>:i our ii&'>tcr 3. :lo.,.ever 1 llt)le.ss own fl.ehter rov"r !-.as tt;.: sit:uat:i.c:> v.<cll in ~.3.-d md no d"-"'!er to ow:t force .. •x!$t, ~t-"t-1 ,hould be t.aket> u.'l<!er I:.:r-<1 rcgi!...-dlcss of preoonce c~ at<:-. fi~;ht.er•, -..ho 'Kill brc~ off I!.CI.i.C:'l "n"-"1 M~1~craft !ire bcoo.rat>:t too den(;"l'OU:: .
S. Pire wi t.b ;:.utor.:.:.t!c l:~:,p~n:! ~ be O?cncd en.ly ~~en tha target is in 4!gbt e.xcoj:t tl\ "t 40 = CUJ'.S e:!:f b6 tired in rad2.T control h er. thc!.r o.m a:: the 5" iJ1 ~ttacy dixsctors whc:-t tho t.;J.r~;ct is wi ~hi.n •clt-:!e:;tr,;cti-.-e ~""' action ra.n&e ~"d b a.t~ck.J..n(;.
6, l'ihc:t cpcrs.tL~ in er ncar l<:'~<:.:t set asi~c aa sub!:.~.rine senct uaric:.. 0%" •;>~cifiod M opcr~t.ing r.r .. a.. ::'cr t"ricnC.l.r s.:.urin::3 1 per,onnel concem=d r..ust. be keJ:t· i\:lly ir.!~~ci. ~~~ide o! those r oetTiet.sd suOO.•.:-ina ~c~..e, r • ..,y sul:=rine ei;;t:ted r....ll be .t'.ind upon i::-::~ecili!.~ol,;r cr.kss dei'init.a inf=.'lti~n or e::.ersenC'J identirio.~tion .i:>dicat<:s U.r.t. it is i't'i~~. .l.uthority should be delcsnt.:d to loc:t.l ev.n s~.t.:.or.s to fire c. flfN bursts ~.t ::..v O'Ubmar!.r.e periscope ei;;t.ted to S r.Ci c'te i U positio:t, exce-pt in roatr;ictnd s·~b!!lr.r'-no nrc.:lB, !n 3.ll c.-:.oc' c!ue C:.'olt.ion sr.~ll be c,.;reiscd tc p;-ovcr.t f!.ring on v"ssols in o.yn scrc;.en,
7. DQTi~ d~..rlolc-'3 the n$por.:~ibillty cf orcni.ng !ire n~.s~ lld.tn
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th<> cor.n.'\1dir.! officer .subj~ct to Ol:'dcrs o! tho O.l'::'icar in T:lctic~~ Co!=~nd, Hc!"e tho q\K!stion oi' opcniJie· .flr.: >~"ill ~t.ural.l:y bo govurn<Jd by best d"f"nso con!lidorr.'tior.s with regard to desir:.bi~t.y c! conee3lr.l.;:,t end ilio the d~er invclvod frtr:t .firing cl.oac to fi1en~ !hiJ:.' .
V. · Uaes of P.::dar !or Fire Control Pur pc4e3 •
~) Firo Control .R.>.d~..rs . 1'!1c pri.JII~ry u.sc of fire control r"-ci.Fi1'3 is to ):rovida c..:..rly solution o!
the fire coot:ol proble~~ . ·~:x:r. t.'l..: fi.rG e::r.trol rl!.d:~.r is :lb::e to p:-ovido t.rllin .:md a.lcvr,tion es ·.o:cll n 3 r:::d-.r r·.:v,cs, t..'lc clircctar i.a s:o.iC. to bo in Full P-'ldar Ccnt.rol . ;'ocii!illd ~~d:-r C cr~•..!':;l i.s yrovid.-:d for s\!r~eco targets ~·here r ;;d;u- is ~<:d i'or 'tr·..!.n ~.11d r('J"..>..: , c:ov:::'...icrn~ be5r.s. J:rOitic'>d by 1\Uto
IAA.tic l"vel frc.r;, th~ s~::blu <.!lc:":<!nt . !.., C'-'S C cf la,.. i'l;ying ai:cr:l."t., z:u:o:iificd ·r~do.r control !:\"IY ba Ull~d ;<ith :10 n:bitr.:ry :IJ.t.itud.J scttina. · ~ll :radilr cco:rt.rcl (cr r.oci.!icd) e\lllt. bo \lScd .;r.on t:;o t.-.rgd cr.-..not be pickod up with director cJ:tics. :lhcn th:! ts:rc control r;,.d:lr provides only r~scs Md . optie& ;;:.re used i'e>r t.r!lin :.nd clev~tion, (or with el.2v:,ticn in ;luter..;:tic level) the d:re ct.or is ea.id to bo in i':u·t.i.ll F.:!c~r Co:nrol . i>artiill. nriu' control is tho ):d.mar.{ l!ilthod wh,ch it is poo;sib.l.<. to ~on the t.;J.rg.:.t Usi.rlc tllrecter opt.ic3.
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JJICUSSIEIO CSJ Se.ud. P.£c::.rs.
GU~tr:?.t iOtr:t:I::E j ,JI1 01:1,
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Sc~c.h rl\d~ i:"l!'cn::~t.icn r..:.:~1. bl: coo::-<!:.r..:ted v! tll !i!'>:l conY.ol rt.cars to ob!..".!n ~~rlj" eol~:t.ilm or 1.h ~-i:-e c<tn'.~cl pr.>blc. . :.r. o:-C:cr \.o e.cc:::.;>lls!'l tt:i~
1 tug~t de3io-.·t.icn nust. :,e f"'O.':>;>tly tr . .,-~d.t.t€:1 !rc::. surer. roll~$ t.o
!ire co::.tr;l aU:tioM to pcr.:~!t ~u.:sr t=~>ct tr£c:e..r~. :.Jne'r c&r'-.lJn dr<:.:.eWI\cos •?O:tiJ,;: c-! !~ c! ~hot 'IIi u,. .seuet. l'~.::.rs rr..~ M ot oonsidcrd:lc ioiFt&ncc ,
{CJ Ra.ngir~ by .Rad;r. i'irtt centi'Ol r~d3l" rt.'1~s1 "he:l o-:ti.lzblo ,;hould nor.-..cl.ly l;o used in
prcte;~r.cc to ojrl.ie.U r.:.:\gca :;.L.~c ro,_dar ril:l&t:S i':¢ ::-~r~ :r•l1~b1o r~t. bat.tlo r£!licG. . liowol'V~;-1 opttc:>l r:~.;cs !li':t>ul.i Jl'lro..ll'l :..'1<: radll:' in r~ to r.inu.i:.o ~~<Jrrup"..ions i:"l t...,o cv'r.t o! r~<!!>I' c~ty.
(0) PoSr.t~nc ~d ':'r.U.nJ.ng by ~~"'-•r. Poir.t..in6 t11d tr,.;.nin!{ th:: ;,;, tl!.rccbr c:1 dr l.i::&et:i b-.1 red:u- :l.lono
(t'\111 rccu c"nt..'"(.l) b r.ol. r.!l ~ccur:.:..: .::r.:l ls l:llell ''ere aif!icult t.hn.n lcc@Jl~n.tl on & t.~.;ct \.ith c~o~tJcs (p'\l'~:U T<ld.~r oe:JtN:). Op-.ic:s &hould be uacd !C>r poin1.ir.t; .-.nd t.r:-.inine :~hc:-o pc.ui blo, l.o;ovor 1 it. is e.bsckt.e.Qr essor.ti:!.l. ~h.~t. diroct.cr ere.."" l1.: t.lo•.rrc•l[:)l!y t.r i'i.Md i r. !'J.:l rudt!r centro: I
to p~r:n!':. accure.t.c !'h.:: d~:ri.r.t. lrt.• ·:~~bi.:.it;,·. Sh!p~ , -:..'lcNforo1 sh:\.ll tt>..ko .full ~.dvo.nt..tgo or or.;;ort•Jnitlt:8 c:-:~rr.cd in tr::cl-JJle r.~:~ ?l.!lr.O$ ~s rog J'ull. r:uio.r corotrcl l\l'ld. chccl<i111; ~s;:J.r,~t o::.;:.-t.io:.: 1 Md .,l.,o, W! irol:: f\:11 nd~.r control whe n apfrcprit.t a to:r,ct prnct~cc C"~ bo hald ,
(E) lU~T.inat.ion Cl)lllrol , R.oulll.l"l ahQ\ll.li bO •uGd u t.l>3 ;r.i.,..,ry muns or diroctin.-; i Uu:-.J.nc.ti cn
either !>;,r at.ar--st.cll, •o~l:tlli.r!lt. cr ~:th . Dir~ctua u."ld':T !'ull rn:lr.r control s hou.l4 t:c placed or. tr.u t'lrg~ot. pri.~r to t.'lo arc!c!r •Illu.::.u.::~w 11 , R:.n.~;:s P.r.d boer~s frQ . .., ~eru-ch r:.Oors shculci be usell to ini1-ie.t.: iUu·..:.Z...tJ.on •o~l..:iu !ire control 1nJ'r~a~ticn is not nv:ilabl~ .
VI. JUII:Iin:lt.io!'l,
(,~) tho pcnaibility or 5c::.rchlJGht. illu.T~tion o! :.. t.u-ect. by 'hiJl:l d J.ir F<l!'c~ , r.,ci(1c F:..·ct. b v ,;ry !""">Ot.o. 1! v.:;ry un~=l. dreo=t.hnc"'' r~:nd...r 1\dviubl~: tho u1u or ocnrchUrht.s 1 5h:rt.UT$ sho..Ud r~ open c:nly len,:: CJ\Oil8h t.o obsc.:n·c tbc r.li."lii::un N~ fc.ll c..r sh~, ~ fiN should alo~ays b<: oponc:i prior l.o cr ai'111l\.'\l\cou.sly with t h<. oponir.g (!! snll~~--u .
(B) 'l'ho 115~ -.r avr-shclls t:~T illu:-.iA'\t.ior: c! t.u-sct.a ia Ciaeussc::l ':.lllO:!cr St. '\Me~ 'F!r') Cc:ntrol l'rococu:-ca . !t".J prit:>O esr.ect.i&J.s or ceo:!. st:n'-~l-oll ill1.niMt~or. .c.re corract. d~!lt.ct.icn ~nd bt!r~ or s~ well b.yond ~:eet.
VII. ld cnt1!1'T:·t.io:~ . R~?id Md pcdt.ivu idcntif~c:-ticn c! I.:.C cnc-._y .or t:ricnc!.:ly c:.'•~nctcr o!
11. e<m~'\ct. ~' o! t./11: utn.o:;t ir.:por~co . ':o t.hia . ·nd, o~fl) ei<>r.t. p :-:;ronnel t.horo1:4:h!y t.r:oin..d in U>V !dc:>ti.fr-ng ch.\l';,ctc:-ist.:.cs c.! shiJ-~ ''"<! ~ircra!t r:w~t be al"'ey• .\vn1l:~lo in et~~ cf cant:-u~L~; ilJ.'PI"Oftr~~t-~ p..r!'Cn.")Ul nu~~ .U11:1.ya lr:~r . .r U..: unor.;;o~ney :ldcnt.lfic::t.i c:l siJ;111:1h 3r> r.rr ... ct. :;.nd cMur o th•.t :i.J:m:d:J..,to "'"~M :1 s l.:~~·n w!l:n r .. .:poi.r~d . Sinec -~ ch·.l.kn;c r..:1y J!!'OIIOko sua fir<> 1 au:>~• ot n.m ebi p • h.-..11 :\lo<.,yA h~ troinud ~nd rA:li:l'tcd en tc.rt;ut. ond rc"d.Y la fi.ro bu!c>r.: tt:llcin.~ t.t .. ch.'l.llcr.r:" •
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(..1.) SUI'll!arc! !ire eor:\rol proccc!-.:rea hn&i.'l prn<:rihd ahc:N.ld ttoduea t."'o d.e~L--ed reaul.ts 1:11da:r I)O~ con:11tiON ~<!>sn used l:y well ~Gina:1 &lld aN'iciant !iro cor.tr ol ?ar1-ies. ?articular ooirc=sto.ncos ay rerukr d"?f',.:t\D'cs &d.vbablc , but cor=idered ju<!"nent $hcul.d be c.erciee:i ill cuc~ depe..-t.ure' .
(3) 1!:!-ie! FJ'OC:Cdu:es, only, ue lUted o~ering &ttnel'&l eat.<pa, Ships necen:-4!.1,; rlll :>ud to aa;;.l.H')' prococlurn to o:u1u:•o that. all details are CO\"Crt: d. .
(C) ·Ste.ndar<! coa~e 2hell be ~~~~d. ~tall time~. Proper 1nter:l.or CCI:IIIIIllicat.ioos diacipllne is &baolutcly ne~aucy !or good eont.J'ol or be.tt.cn".
(p) Trpu of oir ctt:.clcs fer .-1-.ieh ;c-ccedll!'aa uo prua!.bed arv: 1. lforicor,t.".l So..-:.cr ,.tt.ft.c:<, 2 . Di vo Sc.~<.<r .:. t. t.&~:, ~d, J , Torr>Odo ?lL"J& J.ttLd! .
. .
I
'i'ho c!a!cn~c &~&inst £liL!B bttnllir,c, ekir bc:,!)!ng, a~U'iJI& or suicicio pl4.1l• Lltsc..'<.s will bo sicilar to IJ!:>t. c::l])loy.;d o.~;e.i."lSt en<: o.r the tr.ru() ""'1:1 t)-p~ o! at tr.ck8 1 def.*n:1ir.i: upon ~r or ""'proacl>, .-
IX. Co:'ltrol c! Owl Piro - S"/38 wiber b&tur<;.
(;.) C<moral. 1 , Ope:1 t'i'I"' in acoordar.cc :dth inst.""Uoti""-' 1.n Sect.ic:\ r1 . Karlnc wur!ace I'M;:C o! I;\::1 ia ~ut l8, <Xl0 r&rde. Co:ufl tc:\t \lith -epc::t fin doctri!W U b Cotl$idcre:1 tl'l~tt, &(ai..'lst Ur ll.tt.ck, ~lO ~ dMt. ra:-Jge ..-ill bo P.bclrt. l O,CXX: ;-t.rel!l, 1! o:rn !'igM.on Uil ~aont.' In <:P.e O or arr;ey terpcc!o ;:>.le.rc.s brir.g' e!J'octl.ve.ly C.,.,g'l,ga<! ~:r own fi,;htt.rs , anUOlircratt firo e!>oul!i be witl.hdcl sc~:~e~t l:o~cr b-~t 1r. no ~o ~t -:-L-.ges l.es~ t~.a.'l 61000 :;arcls. Rul<;o at cpalli-,g fL'"C e.t n1ght. is subjact t.r. &Odifict.tion by Or!i_.:er in T.:;.ctl.eu Ccr.c~t • .d1 t.nd this will largell; depencl. upoP .ll(;l'r.. ccadi t.1 on,, 2 . Thu 11$0 or }!.'ll'jc J2 .1'u.=ocl. !...Ojoetil.Ds introcluc•• !aetors 'llhlc."a ir.!l.nci'C< the choice of & fire ccr.trcl .&:thcd, ;.ut.tv::rimd pcracr.ncl 'l>ould th~:I'IS b' ~:.ndc:--st.&llcl. the fc&tcr~.os ~r U'.is tjjlO projec"..i.lc, di'CIIned in 15CJ)i::'~~ carrea))Qndcnce1 ~.,c an~u t.~<.< ccr:.~ticns \llrler 'Ciic.'l its uso is .o:.o~t ba."le~c111. t!!e use of tl:il p:ooj;.:t:t.i.lc ~ll l:<o disc1Ju..t lUther u."!der eep,...r&tC> eorresponde:lce. ) . Tho pr1:'lc1pal cct.hoc!s of ce:ltrol ·1<1 th !l.:rk 37 Direct= 61ld iliric- l Cor.:.Jr.lteT ;11.solve tt-.eli'l.:.,lvcs os3~Jit11l.lly to J in nuobcr:
(~) Udng full adv:u.t.~.;~ cf ' trRc.l<ir.,'; . (b) L.'ain_~t a "Di•fe A'l.t4ck11 $Gt up. (e) ua~ bcr-:-~gc fir~. 'T~a !irst a.thod·, tr::c;~i.'>;; wit.ll Gill'"', 41_rcetcr :.nd cof.lp\!l.c!' .!..n ll'~to
mtic •l':oulc! l:c \:S~d when p:-:1et.icrb:o. · !;oo.:ev.:.r, ·11 tll !:!£!':. s;:~~d o:t~tiJ:l<> t.u-r:;cl.s it. is r.oi:orall.:;r ncco;ssc..ry t..o '\1.:-' '; '"" ••eeoc -:'!' '..}h•d r..:t.hod. 'ih~ •;>ive ~'t-t.•cl<" set up atc.uld ,;:.vc b<::::t ro•t..~ t9 viL.., t.:x:; .. t. is dircc~ly ap;:-o:~cl:ir~ c..r.1 e!'lip, :.O:t t.!lc .-.r;pr«oc!'l is r:.ot .:.'..:-.::L.l;; to·.,.~d o • .n 1~J.p, d~flcctic:t i3 ir.~roc!uc::d and .. t clo3c 1"2-"l&c. :!.:';;e :::;ot, CJ.:t ~c ncoc~sO.:!.' ;.;t;,~!1 1.1$!.J\t; a "Divo ,\t.kc!~'' se-t, up . I! COtl.!fitic...rc!:#lt,; c!cfJ,.:tct.ii:m i:J ir.I.Nducod, .1 l:.u-ra.,"' l'ira. r~.:.ll ncl"':lcl.J.lr bo mcra cf.:cctivo.
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f., Preeedurca dC3cribod cc:>:>idc:r e~e c:!:Get.or r:.:-. .:1 1.)\o CUI' it c:o,~ls. l!owaver, !n ~cct::r CTSar.izat.icn, dhi.dd t'i:-e c.J.Y result. u.d, wo, pri:le.ry ~c! uc:ndary ~:~~l."lo<l! of cor.trcl lf:l1 occ\lr sil=.l.ltutoe·.l:ll;f <ic;>Cnt!in.o upon n~c:- ar.d bouil'l;;s of att.;.el<.•, 5. In d.:ub1o or =~~t1r.J.t> .sl'lip conce;r.t.r~t.~ C!'l of !iro, 1poU!.oe will bo v<>ry d.iftt.:ult.. It ~y bo ~s~iblc. to follo·N traeuro to b•Jrets to aid. in e!'otti.r.,;;, b';t te-o "1\lC:!'I allece&s ~., Uli• ccnnuct.ion c:r.:1:>t bo c:x,eeted, h . Uth~h aurt;;;ca 11.cticn is far le"s ;>robll.ble tho.n •1r action, s!li?~~ m1.1t b" 'f'TC;>.'):.:>d t.o uu t.!~ir .. e~poM '"':U..,st •urf&co c:rcrt., wd thoroforo e.p;::-wcd procadu::eo ;ro pro1~cr!.ood !IC!'<Iin,
(B) /.ir .\c:t.i.o!l - !lcrhontal Sa::-l::rs . Prit'o1ory lkt!-.od. 1 . Oircct<no Ccr:tr ol ,
(ll) Direct=, c-.d l).Jr.t i.'l a.utor .... tic:. :>;;.: .. c:t ror.o.o kcopint; 1.n &1:~ :.:;t.ic ar 1c:.C.-aut~ot.ie re.to co!l:;rol ai.th p.o..rti&l radu c:onU'ol. It tarG~'- h not vi:!bl.c in eptlcs, di>Geto.- •ho\Ud ~nco trGcY.ir<S in lull :-ed~.r CC.!'II."Ul. J.::it:l-'tio:;. !r<:lil oc:u-ch r~ =:r be OOCQSU.l"/. Co!'ltir.u;, in full rr:d •.:- ccn!.rcl until optics C:M be ,.,,fd !cr ~c.t"ti:.l r~.d:-.r ct;ntrol. {b) Continuous ~tb , (e} Sa11.'o fiN f!'d'Jr~od (col'ltir."Jc:.:s flro opt.ional) (d) S:tlvo !'iro i.ot;:TV.•.l 4 s<tcc:r.ds (or :Jm~st ecns1clll1'ing etato
of tr.~ir.ill£, (c) Usc t~ S?ctt~re:
Or.c ~otl.<!r ccn~rel 1n l'"-'I!Ie, other.- spotter control 1.'1 elev.,_ tion ~~d co!~ctSor. .
Secon:l;uy l.::U:od. 1 . Follcv i!.3 c!~cl7 1\S ;>c-ss!ble f'riJll"\,-/ :.:t:~.oci d.:pcn:Ur.t; upon euualtia. cneaun~rc<i. Ct.c cf tl';G fcllarl_n;: t:fl'OS of bl\!T.'!. -~• rJq b~ used.
(:\) .Jircctor cc:lt.rcllcd fi%cd zona bur:.!:~ , (t;) lcc:U c:cnt.."''~d !ix..d s:~no b!UTG!;O usinc oJ)C!n ~isht or tc.lenope :..1.:1.
(C) ;.ir ,·,c~cn- Div~ Boc·~irv; fttt..'\ck3, 1. Div~ b.~r:.::.~rs obs"'rv'd "h'T,.\c~ ro:-cstion bo!ora c0111:0onc!ng cti.ve shall he fire~ ll;>Cn u f~r llori:z,c;nt.l.l Bccbcra . 2, Pt-ir..:o . .:-; i!' th<Y.I t.1' crn\.rol t.ft~r c:ivi.!ll; .
{a) As first pl~.,o cer.~nccs to dive , shi~ t o director contrcllod ''Dive .:.tt.~ck" •ct-u!l. (!>) 1"/lum v.r;;~t i~ ••ith!n cftactive r~ncc o! t.u~tica ahirt to nLxt ~cllonir-. t'\re,t.
) • ~1\crr .. ~t.o 1 :-in~ry . ..:-.. thort. ('!.) :.JJ first. ph.">o cc:r.r ... nccs to divo, ehirt to diroct.ar controlled fixed z~n~ b'rt:;e. (b) '· !'lel"::3J. f"uz;:: ectt.~r.,:; tc~ bi!:T~&e T"'.">nc c! 1600-2)00 y~ds (Z..,3 ~C«>r~~) :.h<-uld !)o us~~. i'lx. lat;c-r sEttill: io Ncc:..-:-··~1~:1 o.,l../ o~;n cl(O.Id ccill.~ er "r-eel cf!" .altitudo is 1,.· .·.·-:.: i·; ,,_._,,_,~~ ;rtY'J~ ~ 1>: :'.UC!'l ::Jere ~!l\:ct.!vv Tfit.hi.~ 20CO y:.!u ... "t.lJ !'!>i ;;. r-t.··;t:~ r:.;.y intcrl'.:ro 'A'l.t.!l t..-~ : .:.11 of t~.-c .1lltc:::.,tics . (c) ·~rn.n t:lr~.::t c•·.-=-:s t.tr-~(;11 b~.rra,:3 , S:,i.!t to nu~·tcllo..-:.ng t..!.rgt:t .
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4. Se~cr.dar; ilet hods. (a) Ccntrol ir.Cividud €'JM by lleevy r.~.;~~-ine .I!.W\ dir~etcrs, using b£rr~c !ire C<-3 :eec~d,) !u~e ~e~ting :ubj ect to ~~~ r~arks as !cr elt~rnato ~~~ry ~th~d. (b) Lo<:al. e~r;:orol iiXD<l z:>rc br:r•..::c.
(l) Use open ri.."!f, :;!.s,c.t,., if !i.:;t&lled. (<:) F'~•· .sottir-s (2-3 r.<>:cr.<ls),
liOl'E: O.:.n$l de~ins t.1'>e r.olllti\•e in.:>f.f<eUvG:'Ie ss of S" lr•'''" in l ocal con\..!'01 arair.st. di\'$ bor.:I.Jers, it ·~ be ~ua.ble >;o t'efrai.n tr OJU using ~em in t.(,b eor.1~ cticn, if fire of n•Jt. a~tic
uoepone ill f.iclec! U"r~l:>y .
.Ur Action -·fer pede l'l.l.'le J.ttl-.cks. l . In ll e~e o: ,_ ~ir.t;lo Flo.~ t-t~ck or wnen ~le tim ~~ bet·~teon 61nglo pw.e at:;:.ek• to o!>tain •ep...:-nt.e ~oll!t1cns 1 "!Jto prho;ry met.ho<i cf · tracidng as pr-.scribcd !cr hc:-bo:~tnl boalt.oro should be used, Er.cept .o.t ni<;ht1 hewe-ver, ~ir-o;l'> ;:>Ja.tte s.tt•1cl;~ a:-..: unllicly an:f t.'lc mot.hcd doscribed in tt-.a follCII<ir.g p!U'S..">L">pl: is prsferre<i 14('_e,in$t !:1\IJ.ti;>le pl&no . e.ttaw. 2. fri.•!l:.ry :=~tnoc!,
(a) Uso cl~'!si. p1M:» r,a t.'!Z'ca.t. (b) Us<: di:-<.;ct ·;r c?nl.rol "i:ive 1\t.tr.ek• Eet.--~o.
I
{c) ifao su~~-olcvatJ.oo c.o~recticn o."l tno direct=- t..s a. r&Age spot in £n att<lrtpt to brlo.s bunt:. a.bo\lt 20 !uot t.bovc ,:l&.l'.S , (d) Too la...-os".. L'uzo sct.ting t.o ~.:~c; will c!e;:.el¥1 upon <li:>t-3.'1~0 or scrcon ... ,d cloocn~$.S or .shi..s of screen to l.ino o! t'iru, T~.o lC7·<:St !·~~o ~o-:.tir.<; r><r~~i.y should lXl ) .soc;,nd~ (2)00 y-udc) at IIT.ich t.i'IO lrhii't. e~.ou.!ri ha In&.deo to n~xt a;>~oo.cO.tng tugot, (ll} f.s tP.Ts;" t cloa~o, <!oi'loct!.nn ''~ be a probl.., ir> t.hb ao~p d11o to i.ts nr.jilO of lead, Md .-pots r:s:r be nooouary.
). Socon.riary "'cWJod.s (or~~r c! jll'afercncc). (a) Dir~>ctc:- c:or.trollcd fixed 1.0M b;:,n:"'o ~UiiiS .t..? ~r.e utt~a· ~ s·econd 3Gttillg until target pa.sses throush b&rr6l;o e.r.d t.'1Eil a ) s<.~crul i\lto •c\.tir.g. Su;>cr-olcv<>t.ion corNct..!..o:~ should bo 11804 to pl.eco b·..u-~ts about 20 !~t abC'VO target. . J.e t.&rgct puao1 tr.rouzh 1n:s: r h&rr.::go cllift to next appros.c..l)ing tutct. (b) Control i!ll!iv.ldua.l t{WlS <r grou;JS nth heavy mael:W:I<> sun dil'"'ot.er.s w;i.n;< thcd ·zone barrage firo o~it.h 5 a<;conds !c-llowod by ) •c~ends fu~ octting3. (e) locu control u.s1n.1 fi.x.c.d. zo:1o bur3£o tiro rlth tw;) !uto aotttnss - 5 1ooonds I~te eutl1ng !ollowod by ) eeoonds ~~o s~llin(
l/01':!: B~rr.ec ru.,.:. actt~s .,..~ t.,vo to bo moc!i.ti.od ti J<eroon ie cndeng<srcd by ahevo Eot.ti r..!l3,
{E) Nit;ht TOl")X<CO J.tt4ck, l , !he. follo>dzle su=ry cf r.r.ti-oli:'crnrt. dcfonso aeenst night to:-pr.do attack quotoc fro'" l'aeii'ie FJ..~;ct \iw\ncr. 8.:Uct!..t1 i'lo,)-44, b ccll!lidcred &.'1 cxc:~llont proe.:.duro and h tJ>crofaro inc:>rpore.tc<i in thosn Wtruetior:s:
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Twilight or
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s~t t~re~t s~~"d l5C- 190
fall Ocrk.r .. ~~s 150.~90
}:otcs s~t m:>an of 170 kr.ots on ccr.-J:utl:r unlil sclutir-n i~ obt<Jwo~d.
Sot ttrect alti- 1001 t.udo (after rU\!;" hi!s .dccr~n.!¢d t.~
]COl Uso d5p dia.l7 r~.tc cf cl!Jnb bc.b c.r oth~r ~tho1 c! eor.troll!n~ esti::.,.-.cd ;).lti ~do when tar;;~t U !'lot in s!J<ht, enC.: too lo•• for ac~ur&to clcv~tion tr~ekir~.
6,CCO )'?I'd~) .
Ratio l:lc.J2 Fu:c:s 5C0 - 75% (It -:.c:gct 751. is voey 100'1 u::;c
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'tc.c lower r;.tio) .
1'l<o css,ntia.b in tl;is r-ro~l~;:: ...ro:. {a) Ra;>itl tr~Mfc:- t:ro;';l '"''..rei\ to fjro cor.trol re.da.roo, (b) Ab1lit,.:/ or dk<~ctor op<;r~V:r$ .t<> tr~ck ~.d s~ en \.az:tet OV<>n dJring IY.n8UVors , 'H•i9 gi<ill ca.n be ~cquirod only by c.:1lEcl'.>ss tra,L"'lir>e of c.:perotors both aboerd s:~ip and "t. .:-nda.r schools, -.tlich diNc:tar e:r"<IQ should attcr.d quarterly, 1£ po~~iblo .
2 . The a.rbitr~ry 3lt.itud.a s,;,tt.ir.g~ ill the above procedure s.ro ba.acd upon .!..naec:ur3te rP..dP..r elcv~t.i0r1 "rac;kir.r; "'h-.11 tho pos1tit>n angle oC t.u-eot ie vor y·low an:!. th<: r~ne;e is leu tJiu, 6,000 yerds . At nngee p-o11tor tb£n 6,000 yarcb, it is c:on,idcr od that clc.'To.Ucn tracki:l& >ri.th t.(arlt 4 Radar "ill bc; ro.>.~~o~bly ~ccu:-ato ";li.t~J a m1l.ti soa running and wc:>aricnced opcr111:Dre, · lf thS.., is net. tl;c ca.:;«, lll"bitr<lr)' altit.udc sot ti.'l(ts Me nlso rcco=coo"d for rmeoe in a:xoeu t>! 6,000 yare!~ .
(F) Day SurC<>cc !.ction - l.!o~ur.t Ronac {loss t.ha.n 6,500 ~rcto). Pr ir..:.!"'J H<>t.hod. l.· D1r<>dor Ccntrcl,
{a) D:.r.>ct r;u-.e~ iccopir.R :;ci t.h ctirocto:- in partial. racl.ar t=on~"'""':!. ( cor,tinuous rndl.t' X'\..n3ing), (b) S..lvo fire (Ms~r ko:y) (c) Sah·o int.c:rv.U 4 ~"CXJl'ld$ (cr $"0'1ll~st consid<.:ring st.:.w of t.r::U 1'\i~) , (<I) O)r.tir.uous ain {if' s<~a i!1 t.oo ro\.lflh for ecnti.nuous 31~, usc sc:l~ct.~a l"v<~l). (t.) Uso ,"\utOJ:I.,tic lc.v<~l (point...x positl on r.)d.'lr for best r osponsc;1 di;> <liul9 r.1"tc:h"d •lith o.dv~o r:;.neo on cur.pl.ltcr) .
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2. Spot. c!inet.. (uso o! 4 err.l.i!'luo~.:~~ •rcclli-t'' lac!dor coverir.a 1"1·11!:• ban~ lOO ,~~ or. ea.~!! dde c! best ra.dLr rar.se is cp~1or..al). 3. ShUt :;rzy be :ude lo r;;.;:i:l ce:>t!...<r~a-.:.a fir e ><hen ~~;ct r.~, ~c:t definite~ 1cca.t.ed ~thin &mall li=d~. 4 . .'h:n u.rl.r-' ~tic£1 ;.;,.-t'-~"'.
(a) Cpen !ire ><ith ec:.n r&."lg!.."\8 .lo.1tl~>rs of 3 u.lvos, l.&A:dtr ir.crCJMnb :>CO J'U'C:s .
(l) F"..re :'irst- .alva ~3171,!; 't:e:~-:. roll\£<> ?lU, 300 y~cla. (2)' Seeo:'lc! se.lvo be•': re:.,ce, (J) Thizd aa1Yo be.=t r~e .!Ai.n·~ :;co yo.rds.
(bj Att.er !!rlr-G \!:c do•:n :-tugir..t; 2:ld,!' co • .,.,.eneo: a. l.OO yu~ step cor.t:L"Nou, :l4oder !roc b.,t ranr;e , 1i.~1.i.A!.!y ~Ol.'l\1 covcrir,s r&r-t;CI btnd 200 ~rds o:'l uc!o .rij., ct best !'&.'li;C•
,
(c) .A!tor :):otter observes r&:l1;ine :a.lvos a."Jd targ11t hu boa!'l loc:atod, e~.i!t IOSy c-; !ll!d<i< •.c .iU.J:id ContinU.C\19 Hre, an:! cont.inucr~ ~d•r 100 yard& 0:1 (.ac:·, 'i~o at bc:n. ra.'l~:e, chc::~-6 :'L'l4' at 3 •. :~ .. ecccr.1 i!'llt.?rvo::s . . , (d) At. ransl.'e lol.s t.r.a.n ),CXY.l :rard~, no ladder i~ re:tUirao. •·. ·• • ._
· .. ~..;.~:.·: _:; Da.y Surte.co ~et!.on - lor-& ?.u.:e (c~vr 8, 500 ;;?r~.:a) • Pr:L.., ry l.:ott.cc!. l . 5&111~ as fer ::ecii·.lll'. r£1le.::> ~>:c .. p.t.:
( o.) Uao nl\'0 ! ire t!\rcu8lJcut,
'
(b) .Double the inc:re::>o:'lts cJ' all l£dder:;, ( c) At extrc:oe rUI(j~s, P.!tc;r ~i'l'Oa1 is fi~cd , a la.~ch:r should bo r\1.'\ for 010 s t.:;ls en cn.c!l sido or be~t !'Ulf;¢,
tlir.ht. S•Jr!&C3 I<.U 0:'1 . Prir •• uy J.C~1.hod, l , Oiro,tor Control .
(:.) Cirect. r<l~'{l'l ko"?!...., ·orit.'> di:-cct<r in no:!i.!1ed radnr e:r.t.rol U.'lt.U ill.ur.dr.o.ticr. P"r::IH.s us" o! r.a.rtial rada=- oont ro.J,. (h) S;~J.vo :'iTo. (c) Suvo 1:~tnval k s~oo:ld3 (cr sr..allest co:uidarin~; st.& to o! \rai:dr~). (d) U:c a:.:t..c:vtic lc~!· otit.'>· c!ip. die.ls Q&t.chi.ov. ach·a.'lcGd rar..eo .
2. !11•:.--..ir.>tio>n u ordered ':1;- C!!iccr in Tactical Caln..:.nd. ), Cp:n !irC3 •:itt} a eer.ti.....,o-.:s kd<lcr, si.:;o ct sUll:s 200 )·arl!a .
(a) Firo !~rst. su·::> :>i.'t"' ' tc~';; r:od...r ra<.gc; scc"".d aL4\'0 do~m 2CO ]Prds from ~at r~R"• t~.ir1 e~i.,.o at b:>st ran,so, !a.rt!l :1>\lvo up 'CXi Yi!.."1J:I !ro,. -bo:~t r=~c, !itth se..lvo at bast rac.~tc:. (b) C:l."ltin".» in ~ bar.:i r:f <OO r..l':ls both sides bt best r~c!~ :-;nc:: ~i.v a co:~tir.ucus .;,.,1d;r, :.,.,it~ll;r do·on, at.o~s lCO y~ds1 b.f.c.'.t rnd !'orth aerO:i3 ~~c. t::rc.;t. (e) :: cor.t:...'IUa~;s htJd~=··diXs ru:t. ::.r~ckct. t.'l~ t.:l:got, ap;>ly "' C::~cct :;~~:t. tc e.<r.t.er ccntir.uaus l£:!d~r on t.:;rr,~t.. "' aoon r.s direct :;•1. is ~'~li~d, r;..s·.:.·:.c ~=t~t:ous lacdcr.
1.. \;:,cr. t.h.; diNctor b ll\ Joo'liliccl r"'c:or control l~v tr~r •:i.ll aut> r:.;.~i~ cllust a sli,&?-.t c;,..flcc-t.!.,, :; .-=-c.>.d !ly 1.1-.o :...-...'1.::-ont error' in •·ll.tcr.ir\g ;>ips. '5 . l'f.'len u~inc o~t.i:atcd or or-o;ic:l!. r.l.'l!;C3:
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(a) OJlGn firo >1'ith ;. 6.o.•:(1 ~d~er w)th step.• of .5?J. ~ ee.::-'> • (b) F"..ro first salvo .usi11(l o&st rtmg6 p.lus 50Cr;rN'll$. · ec..t;un.to do11n ladder lL'ltil sborte :.~ o':>~e:-vsd. (c) A!V-lr tal'(;(,'t. 1\u b•e.'l loci! tee e."ld eroued by dom l.sdder 1
start e. spottor cont.::-olled l.s:idcr frClll t.'lc nearest r angin!t su..lvo in s te)l7 or 200 ycr:is . (d) lt tiut salvo is ot:sc:-ved to b<! ohort, ~t3:t a epott<:r eentt-ollDd cc"tir.ucus lcdd.er ~~:La. e&lyo, 1. .. s'~?S o! 500 yal'd:! lin til ts.r.;et is· ~osso<!, c1:> reversing ladder r~<htc:e atops \:.o 200 y 4Td3 •
6 . Shi.!'t, ""'>' ~ :t.o.do to rC.,"'liJl continllOt.:.S f~o whet~ t.&:set hoe been locat ed dcfWt &l:; w1t.h!..'\ 5-"<'ll ll!>its• Fe:- r&!lid oor:ti !>uous ! iro cbar,se r t..'l&c 100 y.r.rca every 3 seconrla, f'oU.,.......;,g lc.ooer plan o! .)(b) above .
(I ) Ni ght'Surfe.c:e AcUc:'l - Ill:.mdr~ntion . l. aadu.
(e.) I! t.hc i'irc ccr.t:c.l probleJtS c&..'l be solved by ra.dc.r al.roo, !'ire eholl.!.:i bo opened rric;o to ill=i:ll:.t.ion m\\ ldth fla.shle~' ;><Mder so thll t tJ;e e~e.-ner.':; or c:u:rjlrise t:>t.Y be exPloi t6c1 to tho tulle st =tc:rt;. (l>) ;/hen !':ire hils been c;><onod by ~r::;odifiJ;d t'ull radar wit.hout. Fior ill'l-"lli.n.'t.ien·c~e or two e-.:ns cay be u.sed to rrov1do starshell illu..'"lJ~'::!.on, if fell ot: shot ci3.nfict be O~!eMed by ra&.r. (c) H or.~· se:;r.&. re.de.r is ovn14ble 1t ehoul4 be U.S£d !or i'ir.ing ~sholl eetl'c~~ sprelld.9 •
2. St~.shell Searcil srrec.d (F'~ed when t.urgat has DOt bc&n accure.~ le<n\.611) .
(e.} Direttor contTOllcc. (b) Unit.& of di,..e:-gmea b-etween f;IUI' - 2.0 •
(c} l!ae !U7-e setting u.d gu:1 elev:.tion t.o eow.se .,tar-,shelli to blll"st :
(1) At &n altit~de c! 1 , 500 feet. (2) At a hcriro:~to.l ra.nsc c.r not leu tl-o41l 10,000 ye.rds, i! Y.!.dllili':;y ~ e,ood or at. leut 2,000 yards beyond ra.agc c! most c11st!!.~t target.
(d) Fire tJ;ree ae.J.\-os r.itb cen \.cr ot ulvos u !ol.low.:1 : . (l) On t!le C-en<>ral 3ouir.g lir.c , (2) .5° ld't, or the C..:lcr:l.l Be&rll'.glLi.nc , (J) ;<> rigt.t of tho C..~l'al. Bea:-irlg Lir.c .
(e) Usc .fl.F.shless powder • .), Single St6r-st.c~ .
I
(e} ~lsc fuze e!ll.tir.e; ;:.,d :i.c..'l't. bu re.nee 80 sta..~h&lls will bunt 1 , ~ to 2 , 000 ;,·r-cr<ls beyo:,d 1-arset e.'ld :.t on al.Ut<.:do o! l , .SOO feet, (b)' Vse !l~~ss po~der.
4 .. Seare.":.litt-,1-s. .Prir..cry l-i<>~lod •
(~} Uiree~r ConLrol. (l) ~ll ~~t~~tic.
(b) vr.;en orde'!'ed, ~tri~e :l'!'Cll ·.c th sl:<;ttc:ra clC~Jecl . ( o) Opon E~.ut-:cr• whc:1 ere<:-·~<! t.o ill·.:n:ir..: t.e.
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(J) Surface Action - Scconduy llctboc,. 1. l'ollo« a.s closely ~ pes s.ibk Fri-'ll&l'7 J.o'Et.'Jo:b . 2, Shift. to loca.l c:::otrol u a la3t reecr~ . ), u met[lO<l or c<mtrol be~~' .Qo:'e eleme.r.te:-_1' ~~e =s~ ~plo ;>toe..<luree are ~C&$H.ry. 4 . Every er.rcrt sC.ou.:.d b.- JtE>de t.o set u:li.forw. ranges and clt<fle<c'v10t;a on Ul g-.ll'.s !iring &..."ld to •pet fra:t one ~t.a.tion 3S lol'<G, "" l'""'s:ible. 5. In ele.:er.t.#'y l!'t:t'Jed~ of con';;rol t"~"'gir>e l&dder$ -.1. t!l J..c.rgo i..."lcrooant.s wtll be !'a..:rA l<eceszo:...-;. ,/he:-> te.rgct ~ dcfir.i\.c.ly cros~;!>d, ~c!,er sho~ be MJ.ved wd reversed, 1n case ot: a targ6t ra)lidl,y cl~ iJ1,g in rutge a b l'i1'ro!£e ~:re will be the r.>OS t aic;lle, Ir. this, tho g~:.'l :-a.,ge 1hc·J.ld be dropre:l ~ a J'ISW se~ti.n;;, as tugc't. passes thl'o\l&h t.'le bur see .
X. - Control ot Gwl Fire - Autc~J~at.ic .Jupor.s ,
(A.) Per=al. 1. lli•cu11s:i on ct tho control. of &utcr.a~c we&;>ons 1.:. c:onside:::-ed necus .... -y en acco~:nt c.f w1d~ di!f'arenc<tl in c.xi:;O:.i."lg ~act!.c•f ccncer-jlitlg the co~rol o£ t.O,e $e -.:eapon~ ;.ooorti ~r-ly !n rer;e:-d to .-anse or oper.ir-& fire AAC tl1e re."'>se settiJtg l'~Oc"dure. 2, (f<) 'l'hu i'ollowil'.g t.-o tcvertli..-,g f'l>ct.ors should .:lete;-Jt.i.(le the but rengo to open fire to obt.e!.n max:i.mii:n .!"esults:
(1) !Dngtst tilr.o possibl'l to htivc t.t.rgct. under fire rltl'.~, ;ract.ical :-.;r-&c of gun, (2) lo:axi.'llllo':l volt:.:>e of !'ire .then t..?.rget is .'it.l'.in d'fective l"&n/le of g-.:.n ,
(b) Or.e !aet.er ~,y nec~~st.rily oi'.fe:t the ~her so t."lat a ba.l.sr,ce between tile two 1'0'/ ~ necesat.r;,• to obtU.n the best oper.in,;' rs.r~a. (c) Effaeti-.-c rensa oJ b.utor" .. :n.ic we~or.s 1:s not rigicUy dcfir,ed but it is go~neral.l;r ~J!s-.lOGd to be th-e nwci.'l:llr.:l ra.,ge >rl thi.'l O<h.i<:fl t.he trajec\.or:;- .ta relE.tivel.y- i'l.E.t uld hitt.i:lg 1B probable rli th good. &->n ·la y:lr,g •
J, Pri.may ~t.hod ct: contrcl for 40 Jl7ll moo.nta is b7 cli:ectol:' J .for 20 m:1 gu:l.S, the l&a.rk .l4 Sight.
(B) Control o! 1.0 lft:l F' ..re . l. . Rar.;;e of openins Ji:re.
The 40 n:on n .:.::. project.iJe h3s a seU-clestr-olct1ve Ceo.t~a wherein trE.ccT l:uro-out. causes fuze a.ct~on at ap~tely 4,000 yards~ (?r~sent lc~s include projectile$ -~th ~ze action at abo~t 4,400 y;:.rds) , 7hcrcrcre1 bcjorod tl:a rl!nse o! f\Jr.e action, tl~re !.3 :10
e:><pect&ticn or ~:&t.Erially E.ffoc~i.'lE a tareet by 40 ::m z-,:.., ti:c. · The e.!fcct.ive nr.;;;e o! tt: is F;,;.n is .:;ener.:~lly assi:DC:d to t-e about. 2COO yal'ds. fi::>-..8\'Br, beyond t.!:i.s rc.llf.e , hi t.s ca., be: elt;~eet.-ed and my b<.: · obtained <:;:> ':.o t.-.,11 l.i.:-.it of the r a..,se of fuze action. Con.sc:quer.tl)', a.:; a rule, . it is ccr'lSiCcr;:d : th3t t..IJere is no t.dva.nt."<Je in ri\.hhol,;!i,."lg fire 1(10n \l:C C.d\"ilr.CC ri<1'-60 Ol 'l.uo3<0t j S -..;! ':.Oin t\l:.; aet icn Z'Ol.r.gG Of projE!Ctik3. Tt.e c:~antit.y of 40 :1llll ready ~e:-vice a:-..n:w.itior. &v<:..i.la.ble ani the ;:oa.n .. .,cr c.f lcadi::1g Ehculd :rer=>.it ~- constant volu:;,e o! fire t~rocehov\. \.he a~~cach, · cven i: ~!re is O?ened .:lt l'~"l£e in exC~$3 Of 4,000 Y"-""c" .. >:ul\.1ple .targe•.s elcsel:; .:;p)::'oach.! .• ~ in ~uccessive attaek~r ,.:_n r>nttlralJy :-cr~e a de~rt·Ee fror.~ "- c!e~ir.ite openlJl& ra.11.ee, bet. t.'lia does not al!.Er ~:'le ~·estion or •-;hc.t is tt;e ~ oper.J.:l& r::nee. It !ire
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is opened a:t ~ l:'L."';)C il\ ~ce" ot 4,000 ya:·d3 a.."t l'~t':"<>Frj,at-9 1'1<1"-&G a pert. &ho;.tld , il>.itial.ly7 D4t in-.rocuced in ~;. Sl. :>'...re~. 2 , Ra.nt;e settir.g ?roceduie.
A oorre:t rl:.'lge .~ettJ:r.g t..itout!:c.ut. "O-J-';!"oao:h of t.&rilc:t u.;ce:- !ire ahoulcl give the. best ro~ults , ,;),;\ l:"<>t:ia.r r6J"•S." ect~• ~'1 e.ut.o:na.C.call bo int:roducec!, this 9l'Oblt1:11 i~ 50'lv~1, Dt!t in co~ a !e<f o( t.'lc ;:resent ins~:U.tic.~, e;an this ·b~ acco:upU..!"Jed , In p:::-aet.ice' it i:! i'ou:-.d that e.n· i.r.iU;U.' ranee g"~tine ma:; 1;.!! obtain<><! an'd -.rar.mttsd to mou.;ts or d'irectcra b;.>t tt::.t, -tho:-aaJ'to,., r~"!: r:n:st be cono lc~al~l . ?.u.gcs obt.:.ined loc~, either hy e•tiJ!Late cr ~h:-o-~)1 a ren&~ !'i:-.dir•; c!wioc, "1.11 be. atprc-T~tc, onl,y, .· 'l'ho U->l:ll pract.icc is tO ~~t r iJ'.;;ss t!7ough observatJ.on c! .!l:l~ ~ilce::-.otru:.'l , -:;i-1.:1 ·..h~ N:I'SE: 'ettinp; less t.'-.u. the ae:t~ r~ee, tile t:o.cer . et:-uar.~ trill be :0'-en ·.,{:lcr..- tto t.a.rg<.t and, a' t.aj:-·gct ·eo~ a cJ.o5e..~J . th.c t.r-s:e~r atrct.r.: o.iU ~s t.h."'<lugh "-'d t-hen obovs t.1.rget., 'ti'.eor.etlc;~l)·, bcet.· T..:sults ~<o'-ll<:\ te !>btai.'lGd .i1 t~.e :-UJ&B wel!'G
rcciuccd grE.C:w;lly r.s t l:,; ~.rz ccr st:-eF..:: ;:~.£<a ad t~ou.gh t..s.rgct, 1.:l U> dfor to keep \.racer str~= ~t t.v.t p:Lrfo. ?ractieal.J,y, it is ~"'t bal;!:oved thet t.'lb can be c!olle ~ -Th<o s;:ct.tcr {raJV!;C set.tcr) cu.not bo as=·'d eapoblo o! lli~eerr.i.'lt' t:.: trr..c!:r stna:• aet-J<.l..l.y j)OS~,ing· \ hrough i.<;rget1 ina •=h as t.>,c pr:,.-;;.ry ro~>On for the d&velop:~,r.t. e>! tr.c !'~k l4 si.ei:t is base<! upon iill incihS..:h::!.l.'• lack cf ~t.~rcoEcopie visii::n E..billty cxeapt. at "it.r7 .11t'tcr~ ;e.P.P..:~. 'i:~.G cxt"nt of " s;,'Ot.ter1s_.ability is to 1.<>1]. ;;hon th" t)-~~r st::oa.a.-:~ has C:uf~'-elv }:ass e:li through t.>te tare,ct m.d is .-.i..•sir.g ebova·. !!=., w~tr. ~ f:.rt. , <liroc;Uy- a;:;::-oa.chin& t.are;e:t {.!SO lmet s) t.t.c ra_tc of c..i 0..'\1;<1 oi: TSr.iiG !.a lCO .;~.:-ds pc.r s £ cor.d , Ill t..iia elSe it is ccr.5idcrc~- ,¢\·1s~blo to c~croaeo t.~b range'=et~io~ L~ 800 yu<:l increr..t.rrt.5, as .t,OJ y<rd ste;:>a ><ill se.rcel,y ~llow gufficient tb>e for trackine ::.t a. ro,; 'I'Zll,!lC- ~-.t.ing b~;.fore the t r acer stro.>a.':l is &eaiJl pu#inc e.bov~ t.e.rgct.
Cor. trol c! 2::> l!EI Cll.:.n Fire , l , ?..a.r.r;c .or -0])~ fire .
· 11. is een:;idcr.ad ebeobtcl,y essential that me;xiciCI volu""' cf 20 = l1re be r:.G:U.zccl whcr., t.ho t.ergot is ..<itb;in arroc+..i.vi:: riiJ'Il:e of the gu11. 'l'he I:IOlld.-wr.t e-.ffect.iv~ ranr.~ r:.ay bel asew:ed to l>c 1200--1500 ,yards , '!herJ:a:-e' it 'i: o:>:t desirable t..'lfot ~~"'g cr :naga:ines t>e n<>t reqcired at ~- range a r..:;l i! JXX'&iba ·not· until t4rget has apprcao:hed rit hin aco :;ar<ls, a~ w~.i.ch raq;e it is expected that trget''dll' t!$ve dro;>ped torpedO or bo.-±>s, if Ca:'l'ji.ng either. cCJI'noer , it. J.8 l>l.9q desirable to t&l<e a t.ar11et under !'1.:'<1 for as lone M pos.s ib~' 101tt:;n reasvnablc lL"'it.s or ranee , befCTe tJ\" b!:!:lb or torpelio dropp1n8 point is reached ,
· CoMequentJ,y, ,in e<;se oi' 20 .!".r.l gw>.$, it· 1.:> ne ousuy to' .!eel< a. oo::.pro~lise between ' Ule:;e t·,;.:~- cc:l.fllcti•:g factor~ , It req\:~0>8 '7i aecor.ds to ~!:)Jlty a sixty {60) ~rU'.!.dge l!!agaune . A. lc:-.e;er. periocl U .nor=l.l;r :r-ec;uil'ed_c:'u ~ t'o ~i!'-ll ' in l:urets UJd a eate cut.imu:n &V/!SX&(!.B ~ be said to be :w seeonje, ym11 if ~ire is opened at 2, 000 )'ards, .¢1ar.ce range oJ' tt.rget 1:il.l. '?" l , 790 y;:.r:l~ rD.!lBC or lc:;, , .u.d •hollld be well ir.side 1 10..."\J J<•Itls when_ :t.-.,e last. proje;:tl. l e of ;i.; avera~e· mll8e.dna is fi:rcd, To better ~ns-,re thi.ll, j f ~l 20 r.JT. e;uno >~ich ca.'l be8r,. op-,n fjre ~t once, a.--.·ope':U.ne. rr.nge of 1,'500 j'ards is preferable. T~~ ig_, hOl<avcr,
.,.__ •tr or,c; <lesira.bility U1e.t ,:11 .or ;·oost of 20 llL1l ;roi<eaines !'-!)!:. be char.jiad "-t too sa::c ~!> an1 t!lc,.e:'or.e, 3 ·b£o!.hr !'la..'l i:;· 1..o O:l'!ll fire ;,;tJ-. 1-.rLf OJ: t.h'O !;'""'' at CM rC,I'.£e - 8J\d ·.,;i th the other half at a' rar.g_e i!\ feu hunc:-Cd y.;rd~ lc::s', 'i'htJ. dc:s:~able opcr~- ran~e ftr ilalf of th" ,;cr~.<;; wo-,ld be
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2, 00:> y:u-d5, ar..d ~-:>r t.'le c-:.hcr hill 1,600. \\'hen a gun i~ mar..n~d. by gur, layer only 1 !.."l cpcr..i:lg :ra.nse <lf 1,600 ~d: h ccl'.sidere::l b.;ot. praet.i,ce . 2, Ra .. ·1ga Setting ?ro c~du:e.
Ren;<C-ks ;n;tde .in rceard to 40 lll!:l ru.ge .scttir.gs, ir. gcm::n.l, a;>rUY · li.klfW~se t o 20 "''" 0·1l.."l5 with llcrlc :U. S~h\.s . Fer <> 1'ast <>p}>roa.chi:-.g tuget cec;ree.se in r~c >iCttingS ln 800 ;;ard i.'l<:re::P-0"11:.9 h TEcc=sr.:led it ini';!al. r~c • etting is 1,6::0 yard" 0!' =re, 'Men a sun i3 =nr.cd. by ~ la.yer or.ly, 8 :ir.~la r.anga setti'IS or: 1 , 200 y-c.l'Cb G reeco;,and.ed. J, F-iro Disc:iplir:~.
A nMt <!i.:"fit'l.<l t feature cr cc:n.-rol cJ: 20 = ~ is t.l-4t c! !ire discip~e. I! O't!Y>r .:;ur.s aro .firi.J:Ig, co:a:;u:U.c;:ctico.:5 m;q be com~ i.•·tai'N.c:ier.t, u.d t.r.c .c'.:i..r-5 o( 40 = gurus t.e:!.d to ca.use a O)'l:pf,tll£Uc reaction :'Oault.i."lol!: in f..I"Emf:ltur~ firing ct 2.0 lllr.l euJ'"' by ;;e:r~"'.'lBl. Ever;• et!ort ='~ be r:.s.de to gue.rd ~:.ir..st ope:-.iJ1;; :!'ire too :ar4" t<:it." 20 :::r;~ l>atterle', !.ik<rlli:i>, it. :!.a wst !J::;>c:-t.t.nt thc.t crr .. ~vc me~ bel devisec:l to stop ~:> z:c !'irir:g -.!>= tl1c 'Order 110ee.so i'iriJlg" ,.l.B given. 4 • ? ..al\1! a ! 1n:i ir.& a. "l d u ti.r;..:. t:.on:~ •
l'be ID&ldr.•U'J. uso cf range i.:Jiiica~.g device:> .t'u..L\i,.hod t.11!'p$ 15 1 >McOIIrag~d . '!Msc davices U$l!all:/ ~equirf.! pla.lie 1dor,tifie~;t~:> to ol:>tiU."' ·ni.dt h of •:lin;:; =r~. and, thsr'>!'o:-o>, a.~il.it.y to ider.tif',; £ircrar:t is import ;;nt f<>r t.'li$ r o;.e..,e:'l a.J.or.;, • ll~"So esti='tiOM 6hould be :;n-uticec:l an:l. <;heeked by r61>gB fi!ldar :as =ch o.s ;:>os>ible. I t appear.:o ~at t.r.e J"'SV.'!i.!ir-(! t ondencj i.s to undvrcs~~ T:O"'SU 1 ~t.ic>:lal'ly 1., Jrur.onts of ·excitc:Mnt1 and tr.ia shO'U.l.:l be reu-.e.'O!>end , lf 20 .nc !ire is cper:cd too e arly, th6 or4' l'eoed,; is c::he-"lgir.g 1!:56Uines as QI01c.kly £$ peG sib lc •
(D) SlR!I•ty cf P.cecu:r..ended Control Procedure, 1 . 1.0 nc ::>C\Jllts,
(a) !1-lst s.C\•E.J!CC ren~ to open fir e - 41cp:l yurd.s (r..a.y ~ ihcre&$ec:l to 1.1 400 ,)"lis. 1! fUze: r.ct.ion or p:-ojucti 1c is c.t W5 r~'l;>;c) , {b) Se:t ~'!I r6.figs on d.irector1,1 (3 , 200 ynrct.e} , Apply r~e s;>ot 11' p.t"COS~nt rt.nge is in cx.oo::ss of 4 , 0<X) :v.ards, ( c) t~a&a.1e renge ac:t.Ur.gs "11on ta.rcet· hiLs dori.n1.t.o1T pu•ed thro'..l~;!h tracer s~car.., 1ri 800 )'l>rd iner<l!:lCnts . (d} Usc radtir r~"ties if so aqtJipped1 wnen pra.ct.iel.blo, ill lieu or steps cut.l!.n!!d 1n (b) Lnd {c) .
2, 20 =Gum ~rlth i.ia:k l4 Sishta. J..1tcma~ .Prococ!\:l'tS. (a) 'LW~ rang&s ·of ope~ .tire.
{l) Helf ·of ,.ns im1cn.boar. opt:~~ fire et r a.."'8o of 2,0<X) yard•• Set re..~e o! 1,6CO yuds on s.igt.t. . Drop r'anga to eoo y&rd' ;,bon ~cct has do!j.r.i t-oly. PlJJOec:l tt.rough t.rac= :;t.r<;a::~ . (2) Otn~r h:..lf· of gu1s open fiJ'c o:t. ra.n.go cJ: 1 , 600 ya.rdo . Set. l' '.lnf, C of 11 2CO yar~s en sight. DrOp ra:~c in 1.00 y;,rd incrc.~n't:s &9 tugl"}t pas.5o.s t.!:IrG:ug}} 1-r~co.r strt.;oc .
(b) All (.':1::'13 .. hich b"ar of>:'nlr<&. Ciro at aMI$ rO."l{;G. (!) CJt<:n fire at rt:r~<: ot 1,.800 - 2jC'/X) yar-ds. (2) Sot re.!'lo;o c.! 1,600 ya:r<;la on s=-<:ht, (J) Drop l'i'll!:~ to E!.OO ~rds nhon t&rg<;t he& d!!!initol_y pas sod tt:ouch \.rl!cc r s ~rYilol,
(e) A.'1y om =enncd by g-.m lcycr c:>ly; open tire at rcnga of 1,6o0 y>;:ds >d.t!J 3i:"IE.l" r•.r.go scttir.g o1; 1,200 :;t.rd3.
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(d) Usc QVU'Y cfi'cn to cr.fc:"CC rue disc.:.;:l.ino. (<>) ily l.n.:.nir~, obW:t l..'l<: irr~c!ueil:lo;: ;:.:.:.;-·~ t.:!.;;.c rcqui:~d i:: cht.ne!.."ll: c! Wllt:t.Cl'I6S, (!) ~ ope:l1r.~ f!N too ~rly,
(E) Firo e! Aut.=tie 'h'(.opoM o, Surfc.cc Cr~f'"v . l, J:o ;:xroceduro is aot lo:~:. ecvtri.ng fl.~l! of c.ut.or-.atie •..tll&.t:or.t e,s~i t.st. Cncl:'.y- suri'o.M er~rt . : 'llo:t such tcrgcts aTe "'litl.in :-:.na~ o:r ~:~~ns , Luto~tic .<capon fi:o d!ro~t<ld a:!ilin~t ~J~rs'l.ruct:.lrc in.sl.&ll~.t1o;;s s.:.d ox:po~a:i Jl<il'$':ln.-.el a i'.Owld l:.o •:or.; co.-:.elfr,a .
Treir.~ In5t--uc:tion9,
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(A) !M.i.-~c:ra.."t ~rainir.i ir .. t::-uct.ior.s .._.,d 8\l<.~c.sticm arc t.reat.ld at length 1n v~.:i01:.1 ~:tic;.tior.~ •nd in f'lc.:t. ;:~.d 'i:J?l cenosr-c••dtnce. It is 11t>tod th~t shi;;s , ir. oe•t c:s;a, h;.ve ~t';>O)l".:d ~xccl1Dt!t. t:ai:dr-t; instruc~ ions ps:-t.i~nt to ~oir r~•;:cct:.v .. or::..,:·-.:x::~ ir.3t';lla t.ions . It ~ d<l~ircd to 1 01.'\f>huil:o t.'!o !s~;>c:l't-'lr.cc o! ~ f ::•.• oe.uidcrl!.l.iona of tninir-t >lhich aro brie!l)· diacusscd bolow:
l. Cor.1it1on :iatc.h Trni:U."lS . "" T!'tJ.rd.ng or J{orson.~l dl.:rin~ cx:nditic."l 1<3tchcs ia:Nr.Jco m.ajcr
.importl!.nee in WU'ti/ .. 1! , It is not r>r:cti~b.W tv !'!old i'r£quortt OlV.l l ength,- d.rilli '4'ith all bnttcr:!.,s eCY~?l(,tol.,y iro:>:r.d ·.vit.hout i."lt1'Qduci.n& und\!G b.rdshipa on pc;nor.r.ol. :~<.:;t oi' th~ t:~ rcG,cired to ce:Tcc:t. dciicicnclo.s, \lu::-<otor c , =t end e!locl.d bo dono cr.1rilli; co:"'d!. "~en "'iatehuG . :'o \ 'la extcr.t ~~cl.ie<:blo, it. i.s d .. ,ir~c ~.<~t condit!on w~t.c~ j»r sc:uwl t-. auiplcd their Ge."l..:r.U. \{..111%'\er• ataticM. Prosrus~i;ra t:llir.i.-,; .1r. (;\11\.'\C::Y e.ssGnti:>!.a, p:-c;.or~ oonclu~d, eho·.ll.d bo a , :lc!jr,ite pa.:t ot o;&ch condition •a tell. ~ . Obscryat.ior. .:1:d Co:-rae"1on ef lndiviQ.:.nl Pcric:"'IIIUico .
~ t is oonsi<lcr<."<l tl'.~t !all a hips pay Sllt1'icicurt. att.CiliUon t o individual pc.:;tormcco. If m in:l.ividuAl. +..cse .s~ticm. ill on • 5" ~ector or coaput<!r cc:r-J.\its u. error, it. ~ill usually be: ~ic:k.ly &ppuunt, sinco Ilia crrcr N.3 o.f!oc:t. dw tiro of en entire 5" battory, 7o a l~u~r de.;rce, tho sc.'l\c t-hin& ~ ~ $c.1d o( M error Jr.ado b:r o. 'l:lCT.Ibcr ot. a 5• l.oaoit>g ere.,., placino hi• J:!ount. cut of ccr.:Ussion. If tl'>ose orrors 31:'0
not dctoctcd ~t tho tJ.=, tho rosults oro such toS to procrpt a lAter i.nvc•tieaticm and eorrectivo action. Proper attcr.tion to a."ld G;Jp.llC4-tion o! carrcct. proc~-d.ur<;a arc 0 33Cnt.i.U to tho su.,coe•.f\.11 par.t'=ce> or o 5!' batt.try, but 'l:oc;~u .. cf iU ebu1et4ri3ti031 an inclivid'J'\l'" pcr!er::anco docs not. long ro u.v.eticcci . Tt.is b no~ noecuc:r1.!.y i.ho c:MC! wit.'l tbo 1'1ro cf nut.on\ic woapcog . 'fh&~e 31'e cney &1lt'J<l.":.tia we~pena en 3 st-J.p, c&ch, ~ c. rule, cor.trol.lod loc~. The: p.:rforo=<:e ot O."'Y one or !lKirC o! Uwso w~orcns =Y be, :.nc! uaual.:,y h, lost 31~t o.t in a firin£ whiel'> 1: viaw<.d collectively ~rcc a c!iat:lllt. a~UCl.'\. l! .Nch b t.ha c~so, cl:v,oudy o cl'.ar.co in b-e.~ ccthoes • ho'..1ld bo incico:tcd, .sinco Gf!icicney =:~~ :-c.:Wily be ic;p:o, ... d, i t cx:i•t.ir..; .t't:Jlt' o>ro r.ot lo:a..n, l t l..:J, t.hcrcfcrc, 5'tror.gl,y U<"g!'d \hot ship• gi'I'O C'IC'r'/ .•.tt<mt1on to •tu:Ll!fied ob3orvotio:t or i."'divi~d p.r!or:...nc:o on cutc.r. • ..,ti_e l"il-"POM • :u ~ ::10et !.epo:~t. st~p t.o"'-J'ci incro( .. iflO tt.o t~f.t'oct.i!lcno.u or thciao woClpcNI .
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3 • 'i'T&il\ing Oour • e ~ &.'l d Aid a. Every opJl(lr\.uc~l7 should bo taken of ~ei.nin& CO\r:'$ell U\:S ucis
aw1 ltble c.t ahcxre actint.ies e.n:l en board ahip. f<JI' convenience, a~ral t.r~ counes md &ids ani.la.bla in the B....UU.U Arta ue liat.ed herein, ani1 oert.&i:1 aJmUa- fac:ilitice are av&il&ble in other P&ei!:i c Ocean .u-.u:
(a) A.A. 'rraini."lg Center, A'aiatoe.e, Oahu, T.H. - Courses of!erd incllJda a two--.~eek.t ea::pleta 00\!I':Se ill use of iW\auUc we&PCifl' ar.d a or.•-<lq ra!'rN t.r nr~ cxrurso. When t.i.ce pcr::ita, s:U.p:s in P~rl Merboor arc urgt~:f tc obt.e.:ill a quota !« tw~ka oa'llrae, (b) F&cillt~es at Bloch ilecraat.ian Ce:!~r, Fc.rl Ka.r~, 0&1:1, T Ji , ineml1~1
(1) Night Lockout TraiJlcr. (2) Ni~t Vision T.,tir..g . ()) 511/38 caliber e."'d 'J"/50 ulib£r ~~ m.t.chinu.
(c) C&CIP Ca~lin, c.nu, t.H. !acilitiea i=l\l:ling; (1) Fleet ().w~Cr7 and 1orpe4o School, A. limted q.aot.& trr. ofticora ny be Q!)tf.ined tol" a ~~eea =•• in 5"/)S 1 ~bar &nd a thra._·.-aGka cour" !Jl 3"/50 callber guns and their ra•pactivo !iro c:>ntr ol systena.s. (2) Short courst~ (tr4-o&-1"mr da.y!) !n !ira ecnt.rol r&dar tor ltar lc 37 .!l:iro cto:- c:t"llM'S. ~. •
('J) Dam.onst.ration of C[ C in o;:>Bration. (4) Sp<~ttinG Eo&rd !c:t:' oontre>l oftj,eers aNi 1hip1' 1 j)Ot t.ra,
(d) In.st&l.l&tion of a-pcci&l d..viees in CCI'\!)9C:tion n th· t.r•1 n:{ng ill tile u~c ot aut.a!iatic wea.pollS, at. t.ha l\~va.l Air St.&t.ian, Oahu, 'I' .~. 1.'1 eontel::ll'l.ated in U'.c near tut:u:·a . Theoe dcYicos w:ill inoludo a :..:.ark 3-A~2 Trainer with L,tWirc:r.u't. .ril.a to b<: u:oed in conjunc:tion vd t!l tho 1-iuk S l Oi:t'ec:tcS' cr 20 = CIQW\t and lfsl'k 14 Sithf.. Sttooth traeld.ne; abilit)', 10 cu~t.ia.l in tho ~o of: thu ~Jc 14 Sieht 1a groatq facil!t.at.cd b7 tha ll:JC o! this tn1n.1ng aid . IN~t1on ot this ~tC[Uipnont. is l!l.lt.hcrind. fer aira~:.-t.~ers, ani11t ia ~oatnQMeci that uc:h c..rrio?r cbt.d.n end i.:utall nec .. earr cc;uip:oant at. tirst. opport\:nit.y. !he Gwr~Cry Uld 't':-ainiz,g Divisior; of Cccnalld::r Air Ferc:e, P.acifi.c Flut, 1Cill uliet ships in Pc;.arl l!.vbor in this 1mt.a..llat.ion.
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