Manual of Military Law

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    PART I

    CHAPTER IINDIAN MILITARY LAWITS ORIGIN AND EXTENT

    (i) Introductor1.Origin of the Indian Arm! "T#e Indi$n Ar% &'r$n ro% *er &%$++,einnin&! -u$rd& .ere enro++ed or t#e 'rotection o t#e $ctorie& or tr$din 'o&t&

    .#ic# .ere e&t$,+ied , t#e Honour$,+e E$&t Indi$ Co%'$n $t /ur$t!

    M$&u+i'$t$%0 Ar%$on0 M$dr$&0 Hoo#+ $nd $+$&ore in t#e ir&t #$+ o t#e

    &e*enteent# centur! T#e&e u$rd& .ere $t ir&t intended to $dd to t#e dinit o t#eC#ie Oici$+& $& %uc# $& or $ deen&i*e 'ur'o&e0 $nd in &o%e c$&e& &'eci$+

    re&triction& .ere e*en '+$ced , tre$t on t#eir &trent#0 &o $& to 're*ent t#eir$c2uirin $n %i+it$r i%'ort$nce! -r$du$++0 #o.e*er0 t#e or$ni3$tion o t#e&e

    u$rd& .$& i%'ro*ed $nd ro% t#e% &'r$n t#e Honour$,+e E$&t Indi$ Co%'$n4&Euro'e$n $nd Indi$n troo'&! ot# t#e&e &te$di+ incre$&ed in nu%,er&0 unti+ in

    15670 it nu%,ered (inc+udin +oc$+ orce& $nd continent&0 $nd $ ,od o 850999%i+it$r 'o+ice) no +e&& t#$n 80110985 oicer& $nd %en0 (I%'eri$+ -$3etter o Indi$0

    1:970 ;o+ I; (C#0 >

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    ). Ea(h *re&iden( frame& it& o+n (ode. Under t#e &t$tutor &$nction o t#e&et.o en$ct%ent& $ %i+it$r code .$& r$%ed , t#e o*ern%ent o e$c# 're&idenc

    $nd 'ut in orce $& re$rd& it& o.n troo'&! T#e&e code& &ti++ o++o.ed to $ re$textent t#e Artic+e& o W$r t#en $''+ic$,+e to t#e Co%'$n4& Euro'e$n&0 ,ut t#e on+

    'uni%ent& $.$rd $,+e to Indi$n oicer& &ee% to #$*e ,een de$t#0 di&%i&&$+0&u&'en&ion0 $nd re'ri%$nd $nd to Indi$n &o+dier&0 de$t# $nd cor'or$+ 'uni%ent!

    Tr$n&'ort$tion $nd i%'ri&on%ent .ere not $.$rd$,+e!,ii- The Arti(e& of +ar

    /. Go0ernment of India A(t" 1))" and the 2Arti(e& of War2! " &ection 78

    o t#e -o*ern%ent o Indi$ Act0 1588 (8 $nd Wi++! I;0 C$' 56) t#e 'o.er to

    +ei&+$te or t#e .#o+e Indi$n Ar% .$& re&tricted to t#e -o*ernor -ener$+ inCounci+0 $nd +$.& &o %$de .ere i*en ener$+ $''+ic$tion to $++ Indi$n oicer& $nd

    &o+dier& .#ere*er &er*in! Under t#e 'o.er& conerred u'on it , t#e Act o1588 t#e Indi$n Lei&+$ture0 or t#e ir&t ti%e0 'ro*ided $ co%%on code or t#e

    Indi$n oicer& $nd &o+dier& in 1560 ?Artic+e& o W$r? ,ein en$cted or t#e% ,t#e -o*ernor -ener$+ in Counci+ $& Act

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    conu&ion! Accordin+ Indi$n Ar% Act0 con&o+id$tin t#e exi&tin +$. $& to t#eIndi$n Ar% into one &i%'+e $nd co%'re#en&i*eDDPre*iou& Next>>

    8

    HindiDDPre*iou&

    MANUAL OF MILITARY LAWen$ct%ent $nd $ddin &uc# 'ro*i&ion& $& ex'erience #$d o.n to ,enece&&$r0

    .$& '$&&ed into +$. in M$rc# 1:11 $nd c$%e into orce on 1&t $nu$r 1:1=! A++'re*iou& Act& de$+in .it# t#e &u,ect .ere re'e$+ed , &ection 1=7 o t#e &$id Act!

    A%end%ent& .ere &u,&e2uent+ %$de to t#i& Act , *$riou& $%endin Act&! (Act& o-o*ernor -ener$+ in Counci+0

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    CHAPTER II

    O9TLINE O: T;E ARMY A#T1.S(heme of (ha$ter! "T#i& C#$'ter i& intended to i*e $ ener$+ $ccounto t#e AA $nd to o. it& &co'e $nd 'ur'o&e! Cert$in ex'+$n$tion& o $ ener$+c#$r$cter0 .#ic# .ou+d ,e out o '+$ce in t#e note& to '$rticu+$r &ection& $re $+&o

    cont$ined in it! For $ det$i+ed ex'+$n$tion o t#e AA reerence ou+d #o.e*er ,e%$de to t#e&e note&!

    !.S'8>

    6Hindi

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    MANUAL OF MILITARY LAW

    %i&&ioned oicer c$nnot t#ereore ,e &u,ected to i%'ri&on%ent $& $ &u%%$r

    $.$rd under AA!&!59! /i%i+$r+ t#e .ord& ?ude Ad*oc$te -ener$+?0 do not $& t#e

    &t$nd0 indic$te $ ?@e'ut ude Ad*oc$te -ener$+?0 ,ut t#e ex'+$n$tion to AA!&&!187$nd 185o.& t#$t .#ere*er in t#$t &ection $ 'o.er or dut i& conerred or i%'o&edon t#e! ude Ad*oc$te -ener$+ $ &i%i+$r 'o.er or dut i& conerred or i%'o&ed on

    e$c# @e'ut ude Ad*oc$te -ener$+!/.AA.&./."T#i& &ection en$,+e& t#e 'ro*i&ion& o t#e AA to ,e $''+ied to $n orce

    r$i&ed $nd %$int$ined in Indi$ under t#e $ut#orit o t#e Centr$+ -o*ern%ent0 not,ein '$rt o t#e reu+$r Ar%0 $nd &u&'end t#e o'er$tion o $n ot#er en$ct%ent

    or t#e ti%e ,ein $''+ic$,+e to t#e %id orce! It $+&o en$,+e& t#e Centr$+-o*ern%ent to &'eci t#e $ut#oritie& .#o c$n exerci&e t#e 'o.er& $nd dutie&

    incident to t#e o'er$tion o t#e 'ro*i&ion& o t#e AA in re&'ect o &uc# $ orce! Aorce to .#ic# t#e AA i& t#u& $''+ied doe& not t#ere, ,eco%e '$rt o t#e reu+$r

    Ar%! i&&ue o $ notiic$tion under t#i& &ection0 t#e 'ro*i&ion& o t#e AA #$*e,een $''+ied to Ci*i+i$n -ener$+ Tr$n&'ort Co%'$nie&0 A&&$% Ri+e& $nd -REF!3.AA.&.."T#e 'o.er& conerred , t#e AA on t#e Co%%$nder& o $r%ie&0 $r%

    cor'&0 di*i&ion& $nd ,ri$de& $re0 in t#e ir&t in&t$nce0 re&tricted to t#e oicer&

    #o+din &uc# co%%$nd&! T#i& &ection0 #o.e*er0 'ro*ide& or t#e r$nt o 'o.er& tooicer& co%%$ndin %i+it$r or$ni3$tion&0 not &'eciic$++ %entioned in t#e Act0

    .#ic#0 in t#e o'inion o t#e Centr$+ -o*ern%ent0 $re not +e&& t#$n $ ,ri$de! T#eCentr$+ -o*ern%ent , i&&ue o $ notiic$tion under t#i& &ection! %$ 're&cri,e t#e

    oicer , .#o% t#e 'o.er& .#ic# under t#e AA %$ ,e exerci&ed , oicer&co%%$ndin $r%ie&0 $r% cor'&0 di*i&ion& $nd ,ri$de&0 $& re$rd& 'er&on& &er*in

    in &uc# %i+it$r or$ni3$tion&! C$&e& c$n t#u& ,e 'ro*ided or $& t#e $ri&e $nd in$ccord$nce .it# +oc$+ circu%&t$nce&0 .it#out t#e nece&&it or re +ei&+$ti*e $ction

    to %eet e*er ne. de*e+o'%ent!

    5.Enroment and Atte&tation!"E*erone .#o i& 'er%$nent+ &u,ect to %i+it$r

    +$. (exce't oicer&0 unior co%%i&&ioned $nd .$rr$nt oicer&) i& &u,ect to t#$t +$., *irtue o #i& ?Enro+%ent?! T#i& 'roce&& $nd t#e &u,&e2uent $tte&t$tion o cert$in

    enro++ed 'er&on&0 i& de&cri,ed in C#$'ter III o t#e AA $nd in t#e Ru+e& %$de , t#eCentr$+ -o*ern%ent under t#e 'o.er& t#erein conerred! T#e 'rinci'+e under+in

    t#e&e 'ro*i&ion& i& t#$t no 'er&on ou+d ,e 'er%$nent+ &u,ected to $n exce'tion$+$nd &e*ere code0 +ie t#$t cont$ined in t#e AA0 .it#out $ deinite $ct on #i& '$rt0

    &uc# $ct ,ein &u&ce'ti,+e o e$& 'roo! ?Enro+%ent? i& t#ereore %$de $ deinite $ctrecorded in $ or%$+ docu%ent0 t#e enro+%ent '$'er0 .#ic# i& it&e+ %$de +e$+

    e*idence o t#e $ct& &t$ted in it (AA!&0 11) $nd .#ic# o.& c+e$r+ $++ t#e

    condition& o t#e ,$r$in .#ic# t#e enro++ed 'er&on #$& %$de .it# t#e /t$te0Atte&t$tion i& $n $ct o $d%ini&tr$tion to t#e enro++ed 'er&on0 t#e o$t# or $ir%$tion

    o %i+it$r ide+it! It or%& no '$rt o t#e 'roce&& o enro+%ent $nd t#i& o$t# or$ir%$tion i& $d%ini&tered to co%,$t$nt&0 ot#er 'er&on& &e+ected to #o+d non

    co%%i&&ioned or $ctin nonco%%i&&ioned r$n& $nd 'er&on& &u,ect to t#e AA $&

    're&cri,ed , t#e Centr$+ -o*ern%ent! T#e cere%on t$e& '+$ce .#en t#eDDPre*iou& Next>>

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    c$ndid$te i& it or dut or #$& co%'+eted $ 're&cri,ed 'eriod o 'ro,$tion $ndconer& on t#e 'er&on $d%itted to it $ cert$in &t$tu& $nd t#e 'ri*i+ee o not ,ein

    ordin$ri+ di&c#$re $,+e .it#out reerence0 $t +e$&t0 to #i& ri$de Co%%$nder!(AR!18 $nd t$,+e $nnexed t#ereto)! On+ $tte&ted 'er&on& c$n ri&e to non

    co%%i&&ioned r$n& in t#e reu+$r Ar%! T#e enro+%ent '$'er reerred to $,o*econt$in& $n oici$+ record o t#e ,$r$in %$de .it# t#e enro++ed 'er&on on ,e#$+ o

    t#e /t$te0 $nd t#e condition& o t#$t ,$r$in c$nnot ,e $+tered exce't .it# t#econ&ent o t#e 'er&on concerned! An in&t$nce o &uc# con&ent i& .#en $ %$n0 on

    ,ein tr$ined in &'eci$+ dutie&0 $ree& to &er*e or +oner t#$n t#e ter% or .#ic# #e.$& oriin$++ en$ed! /uc# $ *$ri$tion o t#e condition& o &er*ice i& t#ereore

    recorded on t#e %$n4& enro+%ent '$'er $nd &ined , #i%! No &e'$r$te $tte&t$tiondocu%ent i& re2uired or t#e c+$&&e& .#o $re $tte&ted! T#e $ct o $tte&t$tion i& in

    e$c# c$&e recorded on t#e enro+%ent '$'er $nd $ut#entic$ted , t#e &in$ture ot#e $tte&tin oicer!6. Di&mi&&a = Di&(harge et(."(i) Oicer&! "No $ut#orit #$& ,een 're&cri,ed

    under AA!&!==$& $ co%'etent $ut#orit to $ut#ori&e t#e di&c#$re o oicer&! T#e

    oicer& recei*e t#eir co%%i&&ion ro% t#e Pre&ident .#o $ut#ori&e& t#eir retire%entro% t#e &er*ice on re&in$tion o co%%i&&ion (/ee Re& Ar% '$r$ 198)! T#e %$

    $+&o ,e di&%i&&ed or re%o*ed , order o t#e Centr$+ -o*ern%ent under AA!&!1:0 onround& o $i+ure to 2u$+i $t $n ex$%in$tion or cour&e0 %i&conduct0 ineicienc or

    di&$,i+it (AR& 18A0 10 16 16A)0 t#e di&%i&&$+ or re%o*$+ t$in eect $& 'ro*idedin AR!15! T#e %$ ,e c$iered or di&%i&&ed , &entence o court%$rti$+0 t#e

    c$ierin or di&%i&&$+ t$in eect $& 'ro*ided in AR!1B5! T#e re%$in &u,ect tot#e AA unti+ du+ retired0 c$iered0 re%o*ed or di&%i&&ed ro% t#e &er*ice!

    (ii) JCOs, WOs and OR"@i&%i&&$+0 re%o*$+ or di&c#$re o CO&0 WO& $nd ot#er

    enro++ed 'er&on& i& 'ro*ided in AA!&&!=9$nd ==$nd AR&!18$nd 170 t#e di&%i&&$+0

    re%o*$+ or di&c#$re t$in eect $& 'ro*ided in AR!15! T#e c$n $+&o ,e di&%i&&ed, &entence o $ court%$rti$+0 t#e di&%i&&$+ t$in eect $& 'ro*ided in AR!1B5!

    T#e re%$in &u,ect to t#e AA unti+ du+ di&%i&&ed0 re%o*ed or di&c#$red ro%&er*ice! T#e 'rinci'$+ 'oint& to ,e noticed $re t#$t"

    ($) @i&%i&&$+0re%o*$+ or di&c#$re in e*er c$&e %u&t ,e $ut#ori&ed , co%'etent$ut#orit $& 'ro*ided in t#e AA $nd Ru+e&!

    (,)@i&%i&&$+0 re%o*$+ or di&c#$re t$e& eect $& 'ro*ided inAR&!15or 1B50 $&

    t#e c$&e %$ ,e!(c)In no c$&e di&%i&&$+0 re%o*$+ or di&c#$re c$n ,e %$de retro&'ecti*e!

    AR!15(8)!(d)A *$+id di&%i&&$+ or di&c#$re0 .#ic# #$& t$en eect0 c$nnot &u,&e2uent+ ,e

    c$nce++ed .it#out t#e con&ent o t#e 'er&on concerned! AR!11(=)!DDPre*iou& Next>>

    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    MANUAL OF MILITARY LAW

    (e)T#e di&c#$re o $ 'er&on entit+ed under t#e condition& o #i& enro+%ent to ,e

    di&c#$red0 %u&t ,e c$rried out .it# $++ con*enient &'eed i!e! .it#outunre$&on$,+e de+$!

    () @i&%i&&$+ under exi&tin reu+$tion& in*o+*e& t#e +o&& o $n 'en&ion or r$tuit

    .#ic# t#e di&%i&&ed 'er&on %$ #$*e e$rnedG $nd() E*er CO0 WO or enro++ed 'er&on .#o i& di&%i&&ed0 re%o*ed0 di&c#$red0

    retired or re+e$&ed ro% &er*ice %u&t ,e urnied , #i& CO! .it# $ di&c#$recertiic$te $& 'ro*ided in AA!&!=80 on t#e d$te0 i 'o&&i,+e0 ro% .#ic# t#e di&%i&&$+

    or di&c#$re t$e& eect!

    . S'mmar red'(tion et(! "AA!&!=9(=)0 ()$nd (B)'ro*ide or t#e &u%%$r

    reduction o WO& $nd NCO&! A WO reduced to t#e r$n& c$nnot #o.e*er0 ,e re2uiredto &er*e in t#e r$n& $& $ &e'o! /uc# $d%ini&tr$ti*e reduction %$ ,e ordered i

    t#e WO or NCO i& ound ineicient or unit to #o+d t#e 'o&ition in .#ic# #e .$&'+$ced! /uc# reduction ou+d not0 #o.e*er0 ,e ordered on round& o %i&conduct0

    ,ut t#e 'er&on ou+d ,e c#$red or t#e &$%e $nd ,rou#t to tri$+! An $ctin NCO%$ ,e ordered , #i& CO to re*ert ro% #i& $ctin or +$nce r$n to #i& 'er%$nent

    r$de! /uc# reduction %$0 in e$c# c$&e0 ,e ordered under AA!&!=9 (B)i t#e $ctinNCO #$& ,een ound un&uited to t#e 'o&ition in .#ic# #e .$& '+$ced! Reduction o

    WO& $nd NCO& c$n $+&o ,e ordered , t#e &entence o $ court %$rti$+ $& 'ro*ided inAA!&!71()! A WO &entenced to reduction to t#e r$n& , $ &entence o $ court

    %$rti$+0 #o.e*er0 .i++ not ,e re2uired to &er*e in r$n& $& $ &e'o! A CO %$ $+&ode'ri*e $n $ctin NCO o #i& $ctin or +$nce r$n $& $ &u%%$r $.$rd under

    AA!&!59(e)!4. Re&tri(tion& on f'ndamenta right&."AA!&!=1'ro*ide& or t#e re&triction& o

    cert$in und$%ent$+ ri#t& .#ic# $re conerred on e*er citi3en under P$rt III o t#eCon&titution! T#e&e re&triction& $re cont$ined in AA!&!=1$nd AR& 1:to =1! Under t#e

    &$id ru+e&0 t#e und$%ent$+ ri#t& to or% $&&oci$tion& or union& $nd o &'eec# $ndex're&&ion $nd $&&e%,+ $re $,ro$ted! T#e&e ri#t& #$*e ,een $,ro$ted ,ec$u&e

    o t#e n$ture o dutie& 'eror%ed , %e%,er& o t#e reu+$r Ar% $nd or t#e%$inten$nce o di&ci'+ine $%on t#e%!

    17. Offen(e&! "C#$'ter ;I o t#e AA c+$&&iie& under *$riou& #e$d& $nd deine&

    t#e %i+it$r $nd ci*i+ oence&! T#e&e oence& #$*e ,een deined in t#e &$%e0 orne$r+ t#e &$%e +$nu$e $& t#$t o t#e corre&'ondin &ection& o t#e Indi$n Ar%Act! T#i& +$nu$e #$& ,een ener$++ $d#ered to0 t#ou# not $+.$& t#e ,e&t

    'o&&i,+e0 $& it .$& con&idered in$d*i&$,+e to c#$ne t#e or%& o ex're&&ion .it#.#ic# t#e Ar% #$d ,eco%e $%i+i$r! On+ in $ e. c$&e&0 t#ereore0 .#ere t#e

    +$nu$e o t#e o+d &ection& .$& o,&cure or %i&+e$din $n %$teri$+ $+ter$tion #$&,een %$de! Oence& o $ &i%i+$r c#$r$cter $reDDPre*iou& Next>>

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    MANUAL OF MILITARY LAWrou'ed toet#er $nd t#e rou'& #$*e0 $& re$rd& %i+it$r oence&0 ,een $rr$ned

    in &uc# $n order $& to e%'#$&i3e t#eir re+$ti*e %i+it$r i%'ort$nce! It %u&t ,e

    re%e%,ered t#$t C#$'ter I; o t#e Indi$n Pen$+ Code (-ener$+ Exce'tion&) $''+ie&to oence& under &'eci$+ +$.&0 &uc# $& t#e AA!(IPC!&!9)! T#e deinition& o t#e&e

    oence& in AA %u&t0 t#ereore0 ,e re$d $& &u,ect to t#e ?ener$+ exce'tion&?! T#u&0i $ nonco%%i&&ioned oicer c#$red under AA!&!7.it# &triin $ &e'o 'ro*e&

    t#$t #e0 on+0 did &o in t#e exerci&e o #i& ri#t o 'ri*$te deence0 #e .i++ ,e entit+edto $n $c2uitt$+ (IPC!&!:B)! /i%i+$r+0 i $ 'er&on c#$red .it# $n oence under t#e

    AA i& 'ro*ed to #$*e co%%itted t#e oence .#i+e inc$'$,+e0 , re$&on o in&$nit or

    in*o+unt$r intoxic$tion0 o no.in t#e n$ture o #i& $ct0 or t#$t #e .$& doin .#$t

    .$& eit#er .ron or contr$r to +$.0 #e i& entit+ed to t#e ,eneit o IPC!&&!5or 560$& t#e c$&e %$ ,e $nd c$nnot ,e 'unied or .#$t #e #$& done!

    11.S(ae of $'ni&hment&! "H$*in +$id do.n t#e oence&0 AA!&&!71 to 76'ro*ide $ &c$+e o 'uni%ent& .#ic# c$n ,e $.$rded , court&%$rti$+ to 'er&on&

    &u,ect to t#e AA! For e$c# oence0 .it# t#e exce'tion o ci*i+ oence& underAA!&!B:($) or .#ic# $n o,+i$tor 'uni%ent i& 'ro*ided (e!!0de$t# or

    i%'ri&on%ent or +ie or %urder)0 t#e AA 'ro*ide& t#$t t#e court0 &u,ect o cour&e0

    to t#e +i%it& i%'o&ed , t#e &$id Act u'on it& 'o.er& (AA!&&!11: $nd 1=9)0 %$$.$rd $ &'eciied (%$xi%u%) 'uni%ent or ?&uc# +e&& 'uni%ent $& i& %entioned

    in t#e Act? i!e!0 $& in $ccord$nce .it# t#e &c$+e +$id do.n! I0 or ex$%'+e0 t#e

    %$xi%u% 'uni%ent $&&ined to t#e oence i& i%'ri&on%ent0 $n ot#er'uni%ent +o.er in t#e &c$+e $nd $''ro'ri$te .it# t#e r$n o t#e oender c$n ,e

    $.$rded in it& '+$ce0 A %$xi%u% 'uni%ent i& on+ intended to ,e i%'o&ed .#ent#e oence co%%itted i& t#e .or&t o it& c+$&&0 or i& co%%itted , $ #$,itu$+

    oender0 or i& co%%itted in circu%&t$nce& .#ic# re2uire $n ex$%'+e to ,e %$de!An i%'ort$nt di&tinction i& %$de , t#e AA in t#$t cert$in oence& $re 'uni$,+e

    %ore &e*ere+ .#en co%%itted in ti%e o .$r or on $cti*e &er*ice t#$n $t ot#erti%e&! In&t$nce& o t#i& di&tinction .i++ ,e ound in AA!&&!80 8B0 850 9$nd 1! A

    (&entr0 or ex$%'+e0 ound $&+ee' on #i& 'o&t or .#o 2uit& #i& 'o&t .it#out ,einreu+$r+ re+ie*ed in ti%e o .$r0 .ou+d0 i t#e c#$r$cter $nd circu%&t$nce& o t#e

    oence .ere &uicient+ r$*e0 ,e +i$,+e to &uer de$t#0 .#i+e in ti%e o 'e$ce #ecou+d $t t#e ut%o&t ,e &entenced to i%'ri&on%ent!

    1!. #om8ination of $'ni&hment&! "Under AA!&!780 t.o or %ore 'uni%ent&

    $''+ic$,+e to t#e r$n o t#e oender %$ ,e $.$rded in co%,in$tion! T#u&0 $noicer0 CO0 WO or NCO &entenced to oreiture o &eniorit o r$n %$ $+&o ,e&entenced to &e*ere re'ri%$nd or re'ri%$nd $nd to &to''$e&G or $ CO0 WO or

    ot#er enro++ed 'er&on &entenced to i%'ri&on%ent %$ $+&o ,e di&%i&&ed ro% t#e&er*ice00 $nd to oreit $++ $rre$r& o '$ $nd $++o.$nce& etc!0 due to #i% $nd to

    &to''$e&! An oicer &entenced to i%'ri&on%ent %u&t $+&o ,e &entenced to ,ec$iered (AA!&!7)! A WO or NCO &entenced , $ court%$rti$+ to i%'ri&on%ent or

    +ie or i%'ri&on%ent0 di&%i&&$+ or ie+d 'uni%ent0 i& dee%ed to ,e reduced to t#e

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    r$n& e*en i $0 &entence o reduction i& not &'eciic$++ $.$rded , t#e court(AA!&!77)!DDPre*iou& Next>>

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    HindiDDPre*iou& Next>>

    MANUAL OF MILITARY LAW

    1). :ied $'ni&hment0 "AA!&!76'ro*ide& t#$t $ 'er&on &u,ect to t#e AA0

    under t#e r$n o $ WO0 co%%ittin $n oence on $cti*e &er*ice %$ on con*iction, court%$rti$+ ,e $.$rded ie+d 'uni%ent! AR& 17=to 17B're&cri,e t#e t'e& o

    ie+d 'uni%ent&0 t#eir extent $nd t#e %ode o t#eir execution!1/. S'mmar $'ni&hment&! "AA!&!59'ro*ide& or t#e $.$rd o one or %ore

    o t#e 'uni%ent& &'eciied in t#e &ection &u%%$ri+ , $ CO to 'er&on& &u,ect tot#e AA ot#er t#$n oicer&0 CO& or WO&0 .it#in t#e +i%it& i%'o&ed , AA!&!51$nd

    t#e extent 're&cri,ed in AR!1:=! A CO c$n $+&o &u%%$ri+ tr0 under AA!&!560 $ COc#$red .it# $n oence $nd $.$rd #i% &to''$e& o '$ $nd $++o.$nce& unti+ $n

    'ro*ed +o&& or d$%$e occ$&ioned , t#e oence i& %$de ood!13. #oe(ti0e fine&! "AA!&!5: 'er%it& i%'o&ition o co++ecti*e ine& or t#e

    'ur'o&e o enorcin co++ecti*e re&'on&i,i+it or +o&&e& o $r%&! Ex'erience #$&

    o.n t#$t &uc# re&'on&i,i+it i& t#e ,e&t &$eu$rd or t#e &ecurit o t#e $r%& o $co%'$n or &i%i+$r unit! T#e $%ount $nd incidence o ine& to ,e +e*ied $nd t#e

    'rocedure to ,e o,&er*ed in &uc# c$&e&0 $re reu+$ted , AR& 156 $nd 15B

    (AA!&!1:1(=)(,))! Exce't $& 'ro*ided in AA!&!5:0 'en$+ deduction& c$n ,e i%'o&edon+ on indi*idu$+& $nd not co++ecti*e+! W#ere0 t#ereore0 t#e +o&& o $r%& i&

    occ$&ioned , &o%e .i+u+ $ct .#ic# c$n ,e ,rou#t #o%e to $n indi*idu$+ orindi*idu$+&0 t#e c$&e ou+d ,e de$+t .it# &u%%$ri+ or , court%$rti$+ $nd

    &to''$e& $.$rded to %$e ood &uc# +o&& (AA!&&0:9(d)$nd :1(e))! Under AA!&!5:ine c$nnot ,e i%'o&ed on oicer& ,ut on+ on CO&0 WO&0 NCO& $nd %en o t#e

    co%'$n or e2ui*$+ent unit concerned!15. *ena ded'(tion&! "T#e '$ o $ 'er&on &u,ect to AA i& 'rotected $&

    'ro*ided in AA!&!=6! A 'er&on &u,ect to t#e AA i&0 t#ereore0 entit+ed to recei*e #i&'$ .it#out $n deduction& ot#er t#$n &uc# deduction& $& %$ ,e $ut#ori3ed ,

    'ro'er $ut#orit under t#e &$id Act! A++o.$nce&0 #o.e*er0 $re not &o 'rotected!AA!&&!:9$nd :1+$ do.n t#e circu%&t$nce& under .#ic# 'en$+ deduction& %$ ,e

    %$de ro% t#e '$ $nd $++o.$nce& o $ 'er&on &u,ect to t#e AAG P$ $nd

    A++o.$nce& Reu+$tion&0 P$rt I 'ro*ide or t#e c$&e& in .#ic# '$ $nd $++o.$nce& $reto ,e oreited .it#in t#e +i%it& o t#e &$id &ection& $nd no di&cretion i& i*en to t#e

    CO .#et#er or not to enorce .#o++ or '$rti$++ t#e oreiture!Ot#er deduction& .#ic# $re not ?'en$+? %$ ,e %$de ro% t#e '$ $nd

    $++o.$nce& o $ 'er&on &u,ect to t#e AA to %eet 'u,+ic c+$i%& or rei%ent$+ c+$i%&

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    en$+ Ar% in 1567! T#e di&ci'+ine o t#e reu+$r Indi$n Ar% #$d0 or &o%e ti%e,eore t#$t c$t$&tro'#e0 &eriou&+ deterior$ted $nd it .$& noticed t#$t t#e irreu+$r

    troo'& $nd %ore e&'eci$++ t#e Pun$, Irreu+$r Force0 .ere in t#i& re&'ect in $%uc# ,etter &t$te t#$n t#eir co%r$de& o t#e reu+$r Ar%! Ater t#e &u''re&&ion o

    t#e %utin t#e re$&on or t#i& dierence .$& &ou#t0 $nd! it .$& ound to ,e +$re+due to t#e 'o&ition o co%'$r$ti*e in&iniic$nce occu'ied , t#e co%%$nd$nt o $

    reu+$r rei%ent0 .#o #$d 'r$ctic$++ no 'o.er to 'uni or re.$rd #i& o.n %en! Incontr$&t to t#i&0 t#e co%%$ndin oicer o $ rei%ent o t#e Pun$, Irreu+$r Force#$d $+%o&t $,&o+ute 'o.er in t#$t rei%ent0 $nd cou+d0 under t#e &&te% 're*$i+in

    in t#e Force0 #i%&e+ de$+ 'ro%'t+ $nd eecti*e+ .it# $++ %i+it$r oender&! T#i&

    &&te% $''e$r& to #$*e #$d it& oriinDDPre*iou& Next>>

    11Hindi

    DDPre*iou& Next>>

    MANUAL OF MILITARY LAW

    in t#e union0 re2uent in t#o&e d$& on t#e Frontier0 o t#e unction& o de'utco%%i&&ioner0 'o+itic$+ oicer $nd %i+it$r co%%$nd$nt0 in one $nd t#e &$%e

    'er&on! T#i& union en$,+ed t#e co%%$ndin oicer0 $& &uc#0 to con*ict $nd &entence$ %i+it$r oender0 $nd t#ere$ter to i&&ue $ .$rr$nt or t#e execution o #i&

    &entence .#ic# .$& re&'ected , t#e ci*i+ $nd 'ri&on oici$+& $& e%$n$tin ro% #i%in #i& ci*i+ $nd %$i&teri$+ c$'$cit! W#en $ ne. Indi$n Ar% c$%e to ,e or$ni&ed

    on t#e ruin& o t#e o+d0 it .$& re$+i&ed t#$t t#e #$nd& o t#e rei%ent$+ co%%$ndinoicer %u&t ,e &trent#ened i t#e e*i+& .#ic# #$d +ed to t#e 'r$ctic$+ di&$''e$r$nce

    o t#e en$+ Ar% .ere to ,e $*oided! Wit# t#i& o,ect &u%%$r court&%$rti$+.ere $t ir&t introduced tent$ti*e+0 $nd .ere in 15B: deinite+ e&t$,+ied $& '$rt o

    t#e +e$+ %$c#iner o t#e Indi$n Ar%! T#e #$*e 'ro*ed 'ecu+i$r+ &uited to t#e

    condition& o t#$t Ar% $nd $re no. t#e tri,un$+& , $r t#e %o&t re2uent+ uti+i&edin it or t#e tri$+ o %i+it$r oender&!!1. E?e('tion of &enten(e&. "C#$'ter

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    &u,&e2uent+ co%%itted on t#$t &entence0 , re$&on o it& #$*in ,een eit#er&'eciic$++ or $uto%$tic$++ $+on .it# $not#er &entence under AA!&!155(,)ordered

    into execution0 '$rticu+$r c$re ou+d ,e t$en in t#e 're'$r$tion o t#e .$rr$nt0.#ic# ou+d o. ex$ct+ .#$t i& t#e unex'ired ,$+$nce o t#e &entence on .#ic#

    t#e oender i& co%%itted!!!. S'&$en&ion of &enten(e of im$ri&onment! "AA!&!15='ro*ide& t#$t .#en $'er&on &u,ect to t#e AA i& &entenced , $ court%$rti$+ to i%'ri&on%ent or +ie ori%'ri&on%ent0 t#e Centr$+ -o*ern%ent0 COA/ or $n oicer e%'o.ered to con*ene

    $ -CM or /-CM %$ &u&'end t#e &entence! W#ere nece&&$r &uc# $ut#orit0 .#i+e $&entence i& &u&'ended0 %$ order t#$t t#e oender ,e co%%itted to undero t#e

    unex'ired 'ortion o t#e &entence or re%it t#e &entence (AA!&015B)! W#ere di&%i&&$+i& $.$rded in $ddition to t#e &entence o i%'ri&on%ent or +ie or i%'ri&on%ent $nd

    .#ere t#e &entence o i%'ri&on%ent or +ie or i%'ri&on%ent i& &u&'ended0 di&%i&&$+doe& not t$e eect unti+ &o orderedDDPre*iou& Next>>

    1=HindiDDPre*iou&

    MANUAL OF MILITARY LAW, $n o t#e $ut#oritie& &'eciied in AA!&!15=(AA!&!1:9(1))! W#ere t#e &u&'ended

    &entence i& re%itted0 di&%i&&$+0 i $n! i& $+&o to ,e re%itted (AA!&!1:9(=))!I $n oender under $ &u&'ended &entence i& $$in &entenced to i%'ri&on%ent

    or t#ree %ont#& or %ore $nd &uc# &entence i& not &u&'ended0 #e i& re2uired to ,e

    co%%itted or t#e unex'ired 'ortion o t#e 're*iou& &entence (AA!&!155(,))!T#e 'ro*i&ion& re$rdin &u&'en&ion o &entence do not $''+ to oicer& (&eenote& to AA!&!1:9)! T#e ou+d ,e re&orted to in $''ro'ri$te c$&e& in re&'ect o

    ot#er& &u,ect to t#e AA!

    W#en $ 'er&on &u,ect to t#e AA i& to ,e di&%i&&ed or di&c#$red ot#er.i&e t#$n

    , $ &entence o $ court%$rti$+0 ,eore orderin &uc# di&%i&&$+ or di&c#$re t#e $ct.#et#er t#ere i& $ &u&'ended &entence on .#ic# t#e indi*idu$+ concerned #$& not

    ,een co%%itted0 ou+d ,e t$en note o!!).Other $ro0i&ion&!T#e re%$inin c#$'ter& o t#e AA de$+ .it# '$rdon& $ndre%i&&ion&0 /t$tutor Ru+e& $nd %i&ce++$neou& &u,ect&0 one o .#ic# i& t#e di&'o&$+

    o 'ro'ert or docu%ent& 'roduced ,eore court&%$rti$+ or in t#eir cu&tod0 orre$rdin .#ic# $n oence $''e$r& to #$*e ,een co%%itted or .#ic# #$*e ,een

    u&ed or t#e co%%i&&ion o $n oence! T#e court0 t#e conir%in oicer or $n$ut#orit &u'erior to t#$t oicer %$ under t#e 'ro*i&ion& o AA!&&!169 $nd 161%$e cert$in order& on t#i& &u,ect! T#e&e c#$'ter& c$++ or no &'eci$+ re%$r& in

    $ddition to t#o&e .#ic# .i++ ,e ound in t#e note& $''ended to t#e re&'ecti*e

    &ection&!DDPre*iou&

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    18

    HindiNext>>

    CHAPTER III

    ARREST@ INESTIGATION O: #;ARGES

    (i) Arre&t1. Miitar ('&tod of $er&on (harged +ith offen(e! A 'er&on &u,ect to AA0.#o i& c#$red .it# $n oence0 %$ ,e t$en into %i+it$r cu&tod (AA!&&!8(

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    (d) t#$t t#e oence in*o+*ed i& &eriou& or t#e end& o di&ci'+ine re2uire $n i%%edi$te$rre&t to %$e $n ex$%'+e o t#e oender!

    Next>>1

    HindiDDPre*iou& Next>>

    MANUAL OF MILITARY LAW

    !. Nat're of arre&toffi(er&! In t#e c$&e o $n oicer0 cu&tod %e$n& 44$rre&t?"

    eit#er o'en or c+o&e ,ut0 i circu%&t$nce& re2uire it0 #e %$ ,e '+$ced under t#ec#$re o $ u$rd0 'i2uet0 '$tro+0 &entr or 'ro*o&t %$r$+! W#et#er t#e $rre&t i&

    o'en or c+o&e .i++ de'end u'on t#e direction o t#e oicer .#o ordered it! An oicerin c+o&e $rre&t i& '+$ced in c#$re o $n ?e&cort? con&i&tin o $not#er (i 'o&&i,+e0 $

    &enior) oicer o t#e &$%e r$n! He %u&t not +e$*e #i& 2u$rter& or tent exce't to

    t$e &uc# exerci&e under &u'er*i&ion $& t#e %edic$+ oicer t#in& nece&&$r! Anoicer in o'en $rre&t %$ t$e exerci&e $t &t$ted 'eriod& .it#in cert$in +i%it&0 .#ic#$re u&u$++ t#e 'recinct& o t#e rei%ent$+ +ine& or c$%'G #e %u&t not0 #o.e*er0

    $''e$r out o unior%0 or $t $n '+$ce o $%u&e%ent or 'u,+ic re&ort0 nor %u&t #e.e$r &$ &.ord0 ,e+t0 or &'ur&! An oicer '+$ced under $rre&t ou+d $+.$& ,e

    inor%ed in .ritin o t#e n$ture o t#e $rre&t0 .#ic# .i++ ,e o*erned , t#ecircu%&t$nce& o t#e c$&eG $nd $n c#$ne in t#e n$ture o t#e $rre&t ou+d ,e

    notiied in .ritin to #i%! An oicer (or ot#er 'er&on) under $rre&t %$ ,e ordered

    or 'er%itted to $ttend $& $ .itne&& ,eore $ court%$rti$+0 or ,eore $ ci*i+ court0 orto +e$*e #i& &t$tion or &o%e &'eci$+ 'ur'o&e!). Arre&t +hen ordered! "A& $ ru+e0 $ co%%$ndin oicer .i++ not '+$ce $n oicer

    under $rre&t .it#out in*e&ti$tion o t#e co%'+$int or t#e circu%&t$nce& tendin tocri%in$te #i%G t#ou# c$&e& %$ occur in .#ic# it .ou+d ,e nece&&$r to do &o! He

    ou+d $+.$& '+$ce under $rre&t $n oicer $$in&t .#o% #e decide& to 'reer $c#$re0 $nd it i& #i& dut to re'ort e$c# c$&e o $rre&t .it#out unnece&&$r de+$ to

    t#e 'ro'er &u'erior $ut#orit! (AA!&!19=(=) AR =7(1))!/. Arre&t" ho+ ordered! "An oicer i& 'ut in $rre&t eit#er direct+ , t#e oicer

    .#o order& it0 or0 %ore ener$++0 , &o%e &u,ordin$te c$rrin out #i& order&0 i!e!0, t#e $dut$nt o t#e unit .#en t#e $rre&t i& ordered , t#e co%%$ndin oicer0

    $nd! , $n oicer o t#e &t$ .#en t#e $rre&t i& ordered , $ &u'erior oicer0 $ndnot t#rou# t#e c#$nne+ o t#e co%%$ndin oicer! T#e order %$ ,e *er,$+ or

    .ritten0 t#e +$tter $& ,ein %ore or%$+ ,ein t#e 'reer$,+e %et#od0exce't .#eret#e oence i& co%%itted $ctu$++ in t#e 're&ence o t#e co%%$ndin oicer or

    &u'erior oicer! On ,ein 'ut in $rre&t0 $n oicer i& de'ri*ed o #i& &.ord!3. Reea&e from arre&t! "T#e re+e$&e o $n oicer under $rre&t %$ ,e ordered

    , t#e oicer .#o i%'o&ed t#e $rre&t0 or t#e &u'erior to .#o% it %$ #$*e ,eenre'ortedG ,ut0 $& $ ru+e0 exce't in c$&e& o o,*iou& error0 t#e re+e$&e ou+d not ,e

    ordered .it#out t#e &$nction o t#e #i#e&t $ut#orit to .#o% t#e c$&e %$ #$*e,een reerred! (Re&Ar%'$r$8:)! An oicer re+e$&ed0 exce't &'eciic$++ .it#out

    'reudice to re$rre&t0 .i++ not $$in ,e $rre&ted on t#e &$%e c#$re un+e&& &o%ene. $nd &'eci$+ circu%&t$nce& #$*e $ri&en!

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    5. B'nior (ommi&&ioned" +arrant and non>(ommi&&ioned offi(er&."T#e ru+e&.#ic# o*ern t#e cu&tod o oicer& $''+ $+&o to $ unior co%%i&&ioned0 .$rr$nt or

    nonco%%i&&ioned oicer! I c#$red .it# $ &eriou& oence0 $ unior co%%i&&ioned0.$rr$nt or nonco%%i&&ioned oicer .i++0 $& $ ru+e0 ,e '+$ced underDDPre*iou& Next>>

    16Hindi

    DDPre*iou& Next>>

    MANUAL OF M1LTARY LAW

    $rre&t ort#.it#G ,ut in c$&e o dou,t $& to t#e co%%i&&ion o t#e oence0 t#e $rre&t

    %$ ,e de+$edG $nd i t#e oence i& not &eriou&0 it %$ ,e di&'o&ed o .it#out're*iou& $rre&t!

    Per&on& &u,ect to t#e AA under &!=(+)(i)$& oicer&0 unior co%%i&&ioned oicer&0.$rr$nt oicer& $nd nonco%%i&&ioned oicer& %$0 .#en c#$red .it# $n oence0

    ,e '+$ced under $rre&t under t#e &$%e condition& $& 'er&on& #o+din t#e&e r$n&!6.Other $er&on&."A 'er&on under t#e r$n o nonco%%i&&ioned oicer t$en into

    %i+it$r cu&tod on $ c#$re o #$*in co%%itted $n oence i& '+$ced eit#er underc+o&e $rre&t or under o'en $rre&t! C+o&e $rre&t in t#e c$&e o &uc# $ 'er&on %e$n&

    conine%ent in c#$re o $ u$rd0 'i2uet0 '$tro+0 &entr or 'ro*o&t %$r$+! He i&not to ,e '+$ced in c+o&e $rre&t un+e&& conine%ent i& nece&&$r or #i& &$e cu&tod

    or t#e %$inten$nce o di&ci'+ine! For %inor oence&0 &uc# $& $,&ence ro% ro++ c$++&$nd ot#er &+i#t irreu+$ritie& %en $re '+$ced under o'en $rre&t! A 'er&on under

    o'en $rre&t .i++ not 2uit t#e rei%ent$+ +ine&0 exce't on dut or .it# &'eci$+

    'er%i&&ion0 unti+ #i& c$&e i& di&'o&ed o (Re&Ar%'$r$8:6(e))0 ,ut #e .i++ $ttend'$r$de& $nd %$ ,e ordered to 'eror% $++ dutie&! (Re& Ar% '$r$ 8:B (c))!.*erforman(e of d'tie& +hie in (o&ed arre&t."An oicer0 unior co%%i&&ioned

    oicer or .$rr$nt oicer under $rre&t .i++ not 'eror% $n dut ot#er t#$n 'er&on$+routine dutie& $nd &uc# dutie& $& %$ ,e nece&&$r to re+ie*e #i% ro% t#e c#$re o

    $n c$ e2ui'%ent0 &tore&0 $ccount& or oice o .#ic# #e %$ #$*e c#$re or or.#ic# #e %$ ,e re&'on&i,+e! (Re& Ar% '$r$ 8:B ($))!

    Exce't on $cti*e &er*ice0 $ NCO under $rre&t or $ &e'o under c+o&e $rre&t0 i& notto ,e re2uired to 'eror% $n dut ot#er t#$n 'er&on$+ routine dutie& $nd &uc# $&

    %$ ,e nece&&$r to re+ie*e #i% ro% t#e c$re o $n c$ &tore&0 etc0 or .#ic# #ei& re&'on&i,+e0 nor i& #e 'er%itted to ,e$r $r%&0 exce't in $n e%erenc , order o

    #i& co%%$ndin oicer0 or on t#e +ine o %$rc#! (Re& Ar% '$r$ 8:B(,))! I0#o.e*er0 , error0 #e i& ordered to 'eror% $n dut0 #i& oence i& not t#ere,

    condoned! (Re&Ar%'$r$8:B(e))!4.No right to demand tria."Exce't in t#e circu%&t$nce& %entioned in AA!&!5($)

    .#en it i& 'ro'o&ed to $.$rd &u%%$ri+ to $n oicer0 unior co%%i&&ioned or

    .$rr$nt oicer0 $ 'uni%ent o oreiture o &eniorit or o &er*ice or t#e 'ur'o&e

    o 'ro%otion0 $ 'er&on &u,ect to t#e AA #$& no ri#t to de%$nd $ court%$rti$+! I

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    #e dee%& #i%&e+ .roned , t#e $rre&t0 or ot#er.i&e0 #i& re%ed i& $ co%'+$int int#e %$nner 're&cri,ed , t#e AA! (AA!&&!=B$nd =7)!E*er oicer .#o&e c#$r$cter or conduct $& $n oicer $nd ent+e%$n #$& ,eeni%'uned or .#o #$& ,een c#$red or $rr$ined ,eore $ ci*i+ (cri%in$+) court0 %$

    ,e &u&'ended ro% dut0 in .#ic# c$&e #e .i++ ,e '+$ced under t#e &$%e re&triction&

    $& $n oicer in o'en $rre&t $nd %$ ,e 'er%itted to .e$r '+$in c+ot#e&0 ( Re& Ar%'$r$ 8B)!DDPre*iou& Next>>

    1BHindi

    DDPre*iou& Next>>MANUAL OF MILITARY LAW

    (ii) In*e&ti$tion o C#$re&

    17.T#e c#$re $$in&t e*er 'er&on t$en into %i+it$r cu&tod %u&t ,e in*e&ti$ted

    .it#out unnece&&$r de+$ (AA!&!19=(I))! T#e co%%$ndin oicer o t#e $ccu&ed i&re&'on&i,+e t#$t t#e in*e&ti$tion i& ,eun .it#in ortei#t #our& o t#e

    co%%itt$+ o t#e 'er&on ,ein re'orted to #i% un+e&& in*e&ti$tion .it#in t#$t'eriod &ee%& to #i% to ,e i%'r$ctic$,+e .it# due re$rd to t#e 'u,+ic &er*ice!

    E*er c$&e o $ 'er&on ,ein det$ined in cu&tod ,eond ortei#t #our&0 $nd t#ere$&on& or t#e de+$ in di&'o&in o t#e c$&e0 %u&t ,e re'orted to &u'erior

    $ut#orit! (AA!&!19=(=)0 AR!=7(1))!11.In the (a&e of an offi(er! T#ere i& &o%e dierence in 'rocedure ,et.een

    t#e c$&e& o oicer& $nd o ot#er 'er&on&! In $++ c$&e& t#e co%%$ndin oicer i&

    %$de re&'on&i,+e or decidin .#et#er t#e c#$re ou#t to ,e di&%i&&ed or'roceeded .it#0 $nd in t#e +$tter e*ent or t$in t#e urt#er nece&&$r &te'& ,ut int#e c$&e o $n oicer t#ere need not0 un+e&& t#e oicer0 re2uire& it0 ,e $ or%$+

    ex$%in$tion o .itne&&e& $nd $ recordin o t#eir e*idence in t#e 're&ence o t#e$ccu&ed! I #e +ie&0 #e c$n .$i*e &uc# or%$+ in*e&ti$tion (AR!=6)G $t t#e &$%e

    ti%e t#e co%%$ndin oicer %$ #o+d one $t #i& di&cretion!1!.n the (a&e of other $er&on&! Prior to t#e $''e$r$nce ,eore t#e co%%$ndin

    oicer o $n $++eed oender0 $ 're+i%in$r in*e&ti$tion into #i& c$&e i& ener$++%$de , #i& &2u$dron or co%'$n co%%$nder0 or , t#e corre&'ondin oicer in

    ot#er ,r$nc#e& o t#e &er*ice! I t#e $ccu&ed i& not in $rre&t or conine%ent0 or t#ec$&e i& not one .#ic# t#e co%%$ndin oicer #$& re&er*ed or #i& o.n di&'o&$+ t#i&

    oicer %$ decide to de$+ .it# t#e c$&e #i%&e+ , $.$rdin one o t#e %inor

    'uni%ent& .it#in #i& 'o.er or , di&%i&&in it! E*er c$&e in .#ic# t#e $ccu&edi& in $rre&t or conine%ent i& de$+t .it# , t#e co%%$ndin oicer0 un+e&& t#e +$tterre%$nd& it to t#e &2u$dron or co%'$n co%%$nder or di&'o&$+! AR!==$''+ie& to

    t#i& 're+i%in$r in*e&ti$tion e2u$++ .it# t#$t ,eore t#e co%%$ndin oicer!1).D't of offi(er (ond'(ting in0e&tigation!T#e %$nner in .#ic# t#e

    in*e&ti$tion o c#$re& , $ co%%$ndin oicer i& to ,e c$rried out i& reu+$ted ,AR&!== to =6! T#i& dut re2uire& de+i,er$tion $nd t#e exerci&e o te%'er $nd

    ud%ent0 in t#e intere&t $+ie o di&ci'+ine $nd o u&tice to t#e $ccu&ed! Exce't in

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    c$&e o oicer&0 t#e in*e&ti$tion %u&t ,e conducted in t#e 're&ence o t#e$ccu&ed! AR&!==(1)$nd =6!

    Ater t#e n$ture o t#e oence c#$red #$& ,een %$de no.n to t#e $ccu&ed0 t#e.itne&&e& 're&ent on t#e &'ot .#o de'o&e to t#e $ct& on .#ic# t#e c#$re i& ,$&ed

    $re ex$%ined! T#e $ccu&ed %u&t #$*e u++ +i,ert o cro&&ex$%in$tion! T#e

    co%%$ndin oicer0 $ter #e$rin .#$t i& &t$ted $$in&t t#e $ccu&ed .i++0 i #e i& oo'inion t#$t no oence $t $++0 or no oence re2uirin notice0 #$& ,een %$de out0 $tonce di&%i&& t#e c#$re (AR!==(=))! Ot#er.i&e0 #e %u&t $& t#e $ccu&ed .#$t #e

    #$& to &$ in #i& deence0 $nd .#et#er #e #$& $n .itne&&e& to c$++0 $nd .i++ i*e #i%u++ o''ortunit ,ot# o %$in $ &t$te%ent $nd oDDPre*iou& Next>>

    17

    HindiDDPre*iou& Next>>

    MANUAL OF MILITARY LAW

    &u''ortin it , e*idence! T#e co%%$ndin oicer .i++ t#en con&ider .#et#er todi&%i&& t#e c$&e0 or to de$+ &u%%$ri+ .it# it #i%&e+0 or0 i t#e $ccu&ed i& ,e+o. t#e

    r$n o .$rr$nt oicer0 to order tri$+ , &u%%$r court%$rti$+0 or to $dourn t#ec$&e or t#e 'ur'o&e o #$*in t#e e*idence reduced to .ritin0 .it# $ *ie. to tri$+

    , court%$rti$+0 or .#en t#e $ccu&ed i& $n oicer ,e+o. t#e r$n o +ieuten$nt

    co+one+0 or i& $ unior co%%i&&ioned or $ .$rr$nt oicer +ore &u%%$r di&'o&$+ underAA!&&!58 $nd 5 (AR!==(8))! He c$nnot ort#.it# #o+d $! &u%%$r court%$rti$+0

    un+e&& t#e oence i& one .#ic# $ co%%$ndin oicer c$n tr .it#out reerence to

    &u'erior $ut#orit0 or0 i t#e oence i& one re2uirin &uc# reerence0 #e certiie& t#$tt#ere i& r$*e re$&on or i%%edi$te $ction $nd t#$t &uc# reerence c$nnot ,e %$de

    .it#out detri%ent to di&ci'+ine! (AA&!1=9(=)0 AR 189)! A &u%%$r o e*idence $ndc#$re eet %u&t $cco%'$n $++ reerence& to &u'erior $ut#orit!1/.#a'tion a& to e?$re&&ing o$inion. "@urin t#e in*e&ti$tion0 t#e oicerconductin it %u&t ,e c$reu+ not to +et $++0 ,eore #e di&'o&e& o t#e c$&e0 $n

    ex're&&ion o o'inion $& to t#e ui+t o t#e $ccu&ed0 or one .#ic# %i#t 'reudice#i% $t $ &u,&e2uent tri$+! It %$ #$''en t#$t oicer& .#o #$*e ,een 're&ent $t t#e

    in*e&ti$tion $re det$i+ed $& %e%,er& o t#e court con*ened in con&e2uence o itGt#ereore0 not#in ou+d ,e &$id or done .#ic# %i#t0 t#ou# uncon&ciou&+0 ,i$&

    t#eir ud%ent ,eore#$nd! Conduct eet& ou+d ,e ex$%ined , t#e co%%$ndinoicer .#en0 $nd not ,eore0 #e #$& &$ti&ied #i%&e+ $& to t#e ui+t o t#e $ccu&ed!

    13. Ad

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    ci*i+i$n .itne&&!(AR!=8!(B))! T#e .itne&&e& c$nnot ,e &.orn or $ir%ed! In cert$inc$&e& $ &ined &t$te%ent o e*idence %$ ,e $cce'ted e!! .#ere t#e $ttend$nce o

    .itne&& c$nnot ,e re$di+ 'rocured! In &uc# $ c$&e t#e oicer t$in t#e &u%%$r%u&t certi t#e re$&on or $cce'tin $ .ritten &t$te%ent! (AR!=8(6))!!

    W#en $++ t#e e*idence or t#e 'ro&ecution #$& ,een t$en0 t#e $ccu&ed0 ,eore #e

    %$e& $n &t$te%ent0 %u&t ,e or%$++ c$utioned in t#e 're&cri,ed .ord&!(AR!=8(8))! An &t$te%ent o t#e $ccu&ed .i++ ,e t$en do.n0 ,ut #e .i++ not ,ecro&&ex$%ined u'on it!15.Mode of taCing &'mmar!-re$t c$re i& nece&&$r in t$in $ &u%%$r oe*idence! T#e di&cre'$ncie& not inre2uent+ o,&er*$,+e ,et.een t#e &t$te%ent&

    recorded in t#e &u%%$r o e*idence $nd t#e e*idence i*en ,eore $ court%$rti$+%$ oten ,e tr$ced r$t#er to t#e #$&t or c$re+e&& 're'$r$tion o t#e &u%%$r t#$n

    to $n 're*$ric$tion or de&ire to %i&+e$d on t#e '$rt o t#e .itne&&e&! Moreo*er0 $c$re+e&&+ 're'$red &u%%$r o e*idence %$ re2uire reerence& ,et.een t#e

    con*enin oicer $nd t#e co%%$ndin oicer o t#e $ccu&ed $nd ,e $ c$u&e ode+$ in ,rinin t#e $ccu&ed to tri$+!DDPre*iou& Next>>

    15

    HindiDDPre*iou& Next>>

    MANUAL OF MILITARY LAW

    16.Remand of a(('&ed for tria 8 (o'rt>martia!W#en t#e &u%%$r o

    e*idence #$& ,een t$en0 t#e co%%$ndin oicer %u&t con&ider it $nd in$++deter%ine .#et#er or not to re%$nd t#e $ccu&ed or tri$+ , court%$rti$+ (AR!=)! It

    %$ ,e t#$t on re$din t#e e*idence #e .i++ co%e to t#e conc+u&ion t#$t t#e c$&e i&one .#ic# ou#t to ,e di&'o&ed o &u%%$ri+0 or e*en di&%i&&ed! I $ court%$rti$+

    i& ordered or $''+ied or0 it i& $ %$tter or di&cretion .#et#er t#e $ccu&ed need ,ee't in $rre&t or conine%ent un+it t#e c#$re i& di&'o&ed o! It i& t#e dut o t#e

    co%%$ndin oicer on re$din t#e &u%%$r o e*idence to note .#et#er or not t#e

    e*idence t$en do.n in t#e &u%%$r corre&'ond& .it# t#e e*idence i*en $t t#ein2uir ,eore #i%! I t#e co%%$ndin oicer decide& to re%$nd t#e $ccu&ed or tri$+

    , court%$rti$+0 #e %u&t next con&ider , .#$t c+$&& o court #e ou+d ,e tried! A&

    $ ru+e t#i& .i++ ,e $ &u%%$r court%$rti$+0 &$nction ,ein 're*iou&+ o,t$ined .#ere&uc# &$nction i& nece&&$r! (AA!&!1=9(=))! W#en $''+in or $ ener$+ or di&trict

    court%$rti$+ or or &$nction to #o+d $ &u%%$r court%$rti$+0 t#e &u%%$r oe*idence $nd c#$reeet ou+d ,e &u,%itted .it# t#e $''+ic$tion!1.9&e of &'mmar of e0iden(e! T#e &u%%$r o e*idence %$ ,e u&ed orcert$in +i%ited 'ur'o&e& $t t#e tri$+0 $nd $+&o or t#e 'ur'o&e o i*in notice to t#e$ccu&ed o t#e c#$re #e .i++ #$*e to %eet0 $nd to t#e con*enin oicer0 're&idin

    oicer $nd ude$d*oc$te (i $n) o t#e c$&e to ,e tried! Eit#er t#e &u%%$r it&e+

    or $ co' %u&t ,e +$id ,eore t#e court%$rti$+! (AR!1)!

    (iii) /u%%$r Po.er& o $ Co%%$ndin Oicer

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    14.*o+er& of (ommanding offi(er! "AA!&!5=$ut#ori&e& C#ie o t#e Ar% /t$to &'eci t#e %inor 'uni%ent& .#ic# %$ ,e $.$rded &u%%$ri+ to 'er&on&

    &u,ect to t#e ActG $nd AA!&!59$ut#ori&e& #i% to &'eci t#e oicer& , .#o% &uc#'uni%ent& %$ ,e $.$rded! T#e %inor 'uni%ent& &'eciied under t#i& &ection

    &et out $nd0 or t#e 'ur'o&e o $.$rdin &uc# 'uni%ent&0 t#e oicer& $re &'eciiedin t#eRe& Ar% '$r$!8!

    T#ere i& no oence .#ic# $ co%%$ndin oicer i& co%'e++ed , +$. or , ru+e& to&end ,eore $ court%$rti$+0 $nd e$c# c$&e ou+d ,e con&idered on it& %erit&0 ,ut $

    co%%$ndin oicer ou+d not0 o cour&e0 di&'o&e &u%%$ri+ o c$&e .#ic# #e i&de,$rred , AA!&!1=9(=)ro% trin , &u%%$r court%$rti$+ .it#out reerence to

    t#e &u'erior $ut#orit0 or $n ot#er c$&e .#ic# o,*iou&+ de&er*e& $ %ore &e*ere'uni%ent t#$n #e i& e%'o.ered to $.$rd &u%%$ri+!

    A co%%$ndin oicer #$& no 'o.er to 'uni $n oicer ,ut t#e cu&to% o t#e&er*ice $++o.& $ co%%$ndin oicer or $n &u'erior oicer to re'ro*e $n oicer or $

    %inor ,re$c# o di&ci'+ine not &uicient+ &eriou& to u&ti it& ,ein %$de t#e &u,ecto $ c#$re under t#e AA $nd ,rou#t to tri$+ ,eore $ courtDDPre*iou& Next>>

    1:

    HindiDDPre*iou& Next>>

    MANUAL OF MILITARY LAW%$rti$+0 or tor &u%%$r di&'o&$+ , $ &u'erior $ut#orit under AA!&!58or 5! /uc#

    $ re'roo i& not $ 'uni%ent0 ,ut in cert$in circu%&t$nce& it %i#t de,$r $ c#$rero% ,ein &u,&e2uent+ +$id $$in&t t#e oicer! CO& ou+d t#ereore ,e c$reu+ not

    to $d%ini&ter &uc# $ re'roo in c$&e& .#ere &u'erior $ut#orit %i#t .i to t$e&troner di&ci'+in$r $ction!!7. No tria after $'ni&hment 8 (ommanding offi(er! W#en once $n

    oender #$& ,een 'unied or t#e c#$re ot#er.i&e di&'o&ed o , #i& CO or &o%e

    ot#er oicer0 #e c$nnot ,e tried , court %$rti$+ or t#e &$%e oence0 $nd &i%i+$r+#e c$nnot ,e &u,ected to $ %inor 'uni%ent0 or $n oence o .#ic# #e #$& ,een

    $c2uitted or con*icted , $ court %$rti$+ or $ cri%in$+ court (AA! &!1=1)!W#en co%%$ndin oicer #$& once $.$rded 'uni%ent0 #e c$nnot

    $ter.$rd& incre$&e it! It i& con&idered t#$t #i& $.$rd i& co%'+ete .#en t#e %$n #$&+et #i& 're&ence (/ee note7to AA!&!59)!

    !1. S'mmar a+ard& 8 &'$erior a'thoritOicer& ,e+o. t#e r$n o+ieuten$nt co+one+0 CO& $nd WO& %$ ,e &u%%$ri+ de$+t .it# , one o t#e

    &u'erior $ut#oritie& &'eciied in AA!&&!58$nd 5! /uc# oicer&0 CO& $nd WO& %$,e &u,ected to one or %ore o t#e o++o.in 'uni%ent&"oreiture o &eniorit or

    oreiture o &er*ice or 'ro%otion (in t#e c$&e o t#o&e .#o&e 'ro%otion de'end& on+ent# o &er*ice) or $ 'eriod not exceedin t.e+*e %ont#&0 &e*ere re'ri%$nd0 or

    re'ri%$nd $nd &to''$e&! A CO i& on+ $ut#ori&ed to $.$rd cto''$e& to $ CO(AA!&!56!)! A.$rd& .#ic# $''e$r to ,e i++e$+ or exce&&i*e c$n ,e re*ie.ed ,

    http://indianarmy.nic.in/rti/MML/MML_VOLUME_2/ARMY_ACT_1950_WITH_NOTES/CHAPTER-07/184.htm#AA82http://indianarmy.nic.in/rti/MML/MML_VOLUME_2/ARMY_ACT_1950_WITH_NOTES/CHAPTER-07/181.htm#AA80http://indianarmy.nic.in/rti/MML/DSR_VOLUME_1/CHAPTER_09/156.htm#ARP443http://indianarmy.nic.in/rti/MML/MML_VOLUME_2/ARMY_ACT_1950_WITH_NOTES/CHAPTER-10/208.htm#AA120http://indianarmy.nic.in/rti/MML/MML_VOLUME_1/Chapter_3/17.htmhttp://indianarmy.nic.in/rti/MML/MML_VOLUME_1/Chapter_3/19.htmhttp://indianarmy.nic.in/rti/MML/MML_VOL1/hindi%20images/19.gifhttp://indianarmy.nic.in/rti/MML/MML_VOLUME_1/Chapter_3/18.htmhttp://indianarmy.nic.in/rti/MML/MML_VOLUME_1/Chapter_3/20.htmhttp://indianarmy.nic.in/rti/MML/MML_VOLUME_2/ARMY_ACT_1950_WITH_NOTES/CHAPTER-07/185.htm#AA83http://indianarmy.nic.in/rti/MML/MML_VOLUME_2/ARMY_ACT_1950_WITH_NOTES/CHAPTER-07/185.htm#AA84http://indianarmy.nic.in/rti/MML/MML_VOLUME_2/ARMY_ACT_1950_WITH_NOTES/CHAPTER-10/210.htm#AA121http://indianarmy.nic.in/rti/MML/MML_VOLUME_2/ARMY_ACT_1950_WITH_NOTES/CHAPTER-07/183.htm#AA80_NOTE_7http://indianarmy.nic.in/rti/MML/MML_VOLUME_2/ARMY_ACT_1950_WITH_NOTES/CHAPTER-07/185.htm#AA83http://indianarmy.nic.in/rti/MML/MML_VOLUME_2/ARMY_ACT_1950_WITH_NOTES/CHAPTER-07/185.htm#AA84http://indianarmy.nic.in/rti/MML/MML_VOLUME_2/ARMY_ACT_1950_WITH_NOTES/CHAPTER-07/186.htm#AA85http://indianarmy.nic.in/rti/MML/MML_VOLUME_2/ARMY_ACT_1950_WITH_NOTES/CHAPTER-07/184.htm#AA82http://indianarmy.nic.in/rti/MML/MML_VOLUME_2/ARMY_ACT_1950_WITH_NOTES/CHAPTER-07/181.htm#AA80http://indianarmy.nic.in/rti/MML/DSR_VOLUME_1/CHAPTER_09/156.htm#ARP443http://indianarmy.nic.in/rti/MML/MML_VOLUME_2/ARMY_ACT_1950_WITH_NOTES/CHAPTER-10/208.htm#AA120http://indianarmy.nic.in/rti/MML/MML_VOLUME_1/Chapter_3/17.htmhttp://indianarmy.nic.in/rti/MML/MML_VOLUME_1/Chapter_3/19.htmhttp://indianarmy.nic.in/rti/MML/MML_VOL1/hindi%20images/19.gifhttp://indianarmy.nic.in/rti/MML/MML_VOLUME_1/Chapter_3/18.htmhttp://indianarmy.nic.in/rti/MML/MML_VOLUME_1/Chapter_3/20.htmhttp://indianarmy.nic.in/rti/MML/MML_VOLUME_2/ARMY_ACT_1950_WITH_NOTES/CHAPTER-07/185.htm#AA83http://indianarmy.nic.in/rti/MML/MML_VOLUME_2/ARMY_ACT_1950_WITH_NOTES/CHAPTER-07/185.htm#AA84http://indianarmy.nic.in/rti/MML/MML_VOLUME_2/ARMY_ACT_1950_WITH_NOTES/CHAPTER-10/210.htm#AA121http://indianarmy.nic.in/rti/MML/MML_VOLUME_2/ARMY_ACT_1950_WITH_NOTES/CHAPTER-07/183.htm#AA80_NOTE_7http://indianarmy.nic.in/rti/MML/MML_VOLUME_2/ARMY_ACT_1950_WITH_NOTES/CHAPTER-07/185.htm#AA83http://indianarmy.nic.in/rti/MML/MML_VOLUME_2/ARMY_ACT_1950_WITH_NOTES/CHAPTER-07/185.htm#AA84http://indianarmy.nic.in/rti/MML/MML_VOLUME_2/ARMY_ACT_1950_WITH_NOTES/CHAPTER-07/186.htm#AA85
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    &u'erior $ut#orit $& 'ro*ided in AA!&&!57 $nd 55! (Re& Ar% '$r$!=0 $+&oreer&)!

    !!. ;earing of (harge!"W#en $n oicer0 CO or WO i& re%$nded or&u%%$r di&'o&$+ o $ c#$re $$in&t #i% , &u'erior $ut#orit $ co' o t#e

    &u%%$r o e*idence or (in t#e c$&e o $n oicer .#ere t#ere i& no &u%%$r o

    e*idence) $n $,&tr$ct o e*idence ou+d ,e i*en to #i% not +e&& t#$n = #our&,eore t#e tri$+ (AR =B(1))!

    T#e $ut#orit e%'o.ered to de$+ &u%%$ri+ .it# t#e c#$re %u&t0 un+e&& #e

    di&%i&&e& t#e c#$re0 or un+e&& t#e $ccu&ed #$& con&ented in .ritin to di&'en&e.it# t#e $ttend$nce o .itne&&e&0 #e$r t#e e*idence in t#e 're&ence o t#e $ccu&ed0

    .#o .i++ ,e i*en u++ o''ortunit to cro&&ex$%ine $n .itne&& $$in&t #i%0 $nd toc$++ $n .itne&&e& $nd to %$e $ &t$te%ent in #i& deence! I t#e $ccu&ed con&ent&

    in .ritin0 t#e $,o*e $ut#orit %$ de$+ .it# t#e c$&e &u%%$ri+ $ter re$din t#e&u%%$r or $,&tr$ct o e*idence! (AR!=B(=))! E*idence i*en ,eore $ court o

    in2uir i& not $d%i&&i,+e0 $nd c$nnot ,e u&ed $& $ &u%%$r or $,&tr$ct o e*idence0e*en .it# t#e con&ent o t#e $ccu&ed (AR 15=)!

    !). Di&$o&a of (harge&!"An $ut#orit c$n di&'o&e o $ c$&e &u%%$ri+0 noton+ i $&ed to do &o0 ,ut $+&o i #e i& $&ed to con*ene $ court %$rti$+ or t#e tri$+

    o t#e oender0 E*en i #e i& $&ed to de$+ &u%%$ri+ .it# t#e c$&e0 #e

    DDPre*iou& Next>>=9

    HindiDDPre*iou& Next>>

    MANUAL OF MILITARY LAW

    c$n0 i #e t#in& it de&ir$,+e0 con*ene $ court %$rti$+! (Re& Ar% '$r$!:)! I on'eru&$+ o t#e &u%%$r (or $,&tr$ct) o e*idence $nd ot#er docu%ent& #e t#in& it0

    #e c$n $t once0 .it#out ,rinin t#e $ccu&ed ,eore #i%0 eit#er order t#e c#$re to,e di&%i&&ed or order $ court %$rti$+0 or #e c$n decide to #e$r t#e e*idence .it# $

    *ie. to de$+in &u%%$ri+ .it# t#e c$&e! Ater #e$rin t#e e*idence0 t#e? $ut#oritc$n &ti++ order di&%i&&$+ o t#e c#$re or order $ court %$rti$+0 or #e c$n de$+

    &u%%$ri+ .it# it0 ,ut0 i #e 'ro'o&e& to $.$rd $ 'uni%ent o oreiture o&eniorit or &er*ice or 'ro%otion0 t#e $ccu&ed #$& t#e ri#t to e+ect tri$+ , court

    %$rti$+ (AA!&!5!($))!!/. Right of a$$ea from &'mmar a+ard! "T#ere i& no $''e$+ ro% $

    &u%%$r $.$rd ,ut $& #$& ,een $+re$d %entioned0 $n oicer0 CO or WO %$

    in&te$d o &u,%ittin to $ &u%%$r $.$rd o oreiture o &eniorit or &er*ice or t#e'ur'o&e o 'ro%otion0 e+ect to ,e tried , court %$rti$+! Ot#er 'er&on& c$nnotde%$nd $ court %$rti$+G ,ut i $n 'er&on con&ider& #i%&e+ .roned , t#e $.$rd

    #e %$ %$e $ co%'+$int in t#e %$nner 're&cri,ed in AA!&&!=B $nd =7! A'uni%ent $.$rded , $ CO under AA!&!590 .#ic# $''e$r& to ,e .#o++ or '$rt+

    i++e$+0 unu&t or exce&&i*e or too &e*ere0 c$n ,e c$nce++ed0 *$ried0 or re%itted ,cert$in &u'erior oicer&! (Re& Ar% '$r$ =)!

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    !3. *ena ded'(tion& and remi&&ion& ,Sto$$age%& from $a andao+an(e&-! " Under AA!&!:10 $nd P$ $nd A++o.$nce&0 Reu+$tion&0 $ 'er&on

    &u,ect to t#e AA0 ot#er t#$n $n oicer0 oreit& '$ $nd $++o.$nce& $uto%$tic$++ ore*er d$ o de&ertion0 or $,&ence .it#out +e$*e0 or $& $ 'ri&oner o .$rG $+&o or

    e*er d$ o i%'ri&on%ent or ie+d 'uni%ent $.$rded , $ cri%in$+ court0 court%$rti$+ or $n oicer exerci&in $ut#orit under AA!&!59or in cu&tod under $n

    c#$re re&u+tin in $ con*iction , $ cri%in$+ court or court%$rti$+0 or under $c#$re o $,&ence .it#out +e$*e0 re&u+tin in $ &u%%$r $.$rd o i%'ri&on%ent orie+d 'uni%ent under AA!&!59G $+&o or e*er d$ in #o&'it$+ on $ccount o &icne&&

    certiied to #$*e ,een c$u&ed , $n oence co%%itted , #i%!Under AA!&!:7$nd AR!1:6! "($) An oreiture o '$ $nd $++o.$nce& under

    c#$'ter ;III o t#e AA %$ ,e re%itted , t#e Centr$+ -o*ern%entG (,) on &u%%$r

    con*iction or $,&ence .it#out +e$*e or $ 'eriod not exceedin i*e d$&0 t#e CO%$ re%it t#e oreiture o '$ $nd $++o.$nce& entit+ed , t#$t $,&enceG $nd (c) t#e

    oreiture o '$ $nd $++o.$nce& incurred , $ 'ri&oner o .$r %$ ,e re%itted ,

    t#e 're&cri,ed $ut#orit un+e&& $ court o in2uir ind& t#$t t#e $,&ence .$& due tot#e %$n4& o.n $u+t or %i&conduct! P$ $nd $++o.$nce& Reu+$tion& on+ $ut#ori&e

    oreiture o '$ $nd $++o.$nce& under c+$u&e (,) o AA!&!:1 or $n 'eriod t#e

    oender %$ #$*e ,een in conine%entG $ CO0 WO $nd NCO in $rre&t (notconine%ent) $nd $ 'er&on in o'en $rre&t0 incur& no oreiture o '$ $nd $++o.$nce&

    under t#i& c+$u&e!

    DDPre*iou& Next>>=1

    HindiDDPre*iou&

    MANUAL OF MILITARY LAW

    In t#e c$&e o $,&ence .it#out +e$*e0 $& '$ $nd $++o.$nce& $re oreited$uto%$tic$++0 t#e oicer de$+in .it# t#e c$&e ou+d %$e no $.$rd $& to it0 ,ut

    %ere+ inor% t#e oender o t#e nu%,er o d$& '$ $nd $++o.$nce& oreited! I $'eriod o $,&ence doe& not $%ount to &ix #our& or u'.$rd&0 no '$ $nd $++o.$nce&

    $re oreited0 exce't .#ere t#e $,&ence 're*ent& t#e $,&entee ro% u+i++in &o%e%i+it$r dut0 .#ic# i& t#ere, t#ro.n on &o%e ot#er 'er&on0 in .#ic# c$&e t#e

    $,&entee .i++ oreit $ d$4& '$ $nd $++o.$nce& no %$tter #o. ort #i& $,&ence%$ ,e! I t#e 'eriod o $,&ence $%ount& to &ix #our&0 ,ut not to t.e+*e #our&0 one

    d$4& '$ $nd $++o.$nce& $re oreited! I t#e 'eriod o $,&ence $%ount& to t.e+*e#our& or u'.$rd&0 '$ $nd $++o.$nce& $re oreited or t#e .#o+e o e$c# c+$ durin

    $n 'ortion o .#ic# t#e %$n .$& $,&ent! (AA!&!:=)!A CO %$0 .#ere $ %$n i& not tried , court %$rti$+0 order &to''$e& o #i&

    '$ $nd $++o.$nce& to %$e co%'en&$tion or $n ex'en&e& c$u&ed , #i%0 or or$n +o&& or d$%$e or de&