Manila Standard Today -- Sunday (November 18, 2012) issue

7/30/2019 Manila Standard Today -- Sunday (November 18, 2012) issue

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manila-standard-today-sunday-november-18-2012-issue 1/12

C[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFt t

C[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECFC[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECF

Nkssgm {iwq cir{ io Nelkè S}elmeqm ]ime{9 Ce`` iq }gz} iwq Ckqcwè}kil Ji}`klg e} 2;54.::=:?77 iq gnek 8 ckqcBns}elmeqm}ime{,cin

CE@ENELSKDIGSD@IAE@Jg`gl mg`Qiseqki nefgsk} jgq nksskil }inefg ceènelske dìae rqimwc}

E Q]S / @KOG A5

Lgz} redg

Lgz} redg

Swlme{

NS]

]jg Swlme{ Gmk}kil io Nelk eS}elmeqm]IME[

_i` K Li 15 51 Redgs, 1 Sgc}kil

R5:22 SWLME[, Livgnagq 5:, 1251

AWSKLGSS AWSKLGSS E:

]JG LGZ]AK@@ DE]GSGl}qgrqglgwqelm aiif ew}jiqSkmmjeq}jTemgjqeag kgvgs }je} }jglgz} Ak De}gstk cing oqinEske

E=

CEQKSSEELM AGE]QKXSjitakx elm ri k}kce`qi{e`}{ CeqksseCqwx.Gveldg ks}e ks}jg mgskdlgq agjklmAge}qkx, e klg io jkdjglm oesjkil hgtg`q{elm eccgssiqkgs

Esgel }i`m8 WS jgqg }i s}e{

WL, dqiwrs stlm fiets kl qgdkil‛s jwnel qkdj}s rergq

Mkq}{ hia Sckglcg s}wmgl}s elm i}jgq vi`wl}ggqsci``gc} deqaedg mwqkld e cies}e` c`gel.wr e} NelkèAe{ Se}wqme{ ]ils io deqaedg, tjkcj }jg divgqlngl}aèngs eqdg`{ il }jg knrqirgq tes}g mksriseà{ kloiqne` sg}}`gqs kvkld eìld Nelkè$s cies}e`cinnwlk}kgs, tgqg tesjgm esjiqg gsrgcke` { mwqkld}jg }{rjiil sgesil ER

A{ Hi{cg Reõeqgs

RJLIN RGLJ”]jg sgcqg}eq{.dglgqe` io }jg Essicke}kil io Siw}jges} Eskel Le}kils emnk}.}gm }je} }jg mgcèqe}kil il jw.nel qkdj}s }je} tk`` ag emir}gma{ `gemgqs io }jg 52 ngnagq.s}e}gs }ime{ ks ‐li} rgqogc}„enkm s}qild irrisk}kil oqin }jgWlk}gm Le}kils elm ckvk` sickg}{iqdelkxe}kils }i tje} }jg{ ce``gme ‐fietgm„ micwngl}

Swqkl Rk}swtel, jitgvgq,s}qgssgm }je} }jg emir}kil io }jgmgcèqe}kil ks e s}gr kl }jg qkdj}mkqgc}kil ‐K} ks li} e rgqogc} mic.

wngl} K} jes k}s fiets ]jgqg eqgsing jwnel qkdj}s ksswgs }je} }jgmgcèqe}kil ne{ oek` }i emmqgss,„jg sekm {gs}gqme{

‐Tg jevg }i s}eq} singtjgqg]jks micwngl} cel ag knrqivgmwril,„ Swqkl sekm

]jg èlmneqf mgcèqe}kil tk àg skdlgm mwqkld }jg irglkld io }jg15s} Esgel @gemgqs‛ Swnnk} }ime{

]jg Rjk krrklgs, kl req}kcwèq,devg klrw}s il }jg ksswg io qkdj}s io tingl elm cjk`mqgl oiq klc`wskil

Jitgvgq, Wlk}gm Le}kilsJkdj Cinnksskilgq oiq Jw.nel Qkdj}s Levelg}jgn Rk`è{jes ce``gm il Esgel }i mgè{ }jg

skdlkld io }jg mgcèqe}kilRk`è{ sekm }jgqg tes klemg.

uwe}g klvi`vgngl} io }jg rwa`kc,klc`wmkld ckvk` sickg}{ dqiwrs,elm }je} }jg mqeo} og`` sjiq} io wlk.vgqe` ve`wgs il jwnel qkdj}s

‐K nws} se{ }je} K en swqrqksgmelm mkserrikl}gm }je} }jg mqeo}mgcèqe}kil jes li} aggl nemgrwa`kc elm }je} ckvk` sickg}{ jesli} aggl cilsw`}gm kl }jg mqeo}kldio }jg micwngl},„ Rk`è{ sekm

Rk`è{ ck}gm es gzenr`g }jg

rqivkskil il }jg qkdj} }i `kog,tjkcj sjg sekm sjiw`m li} agcil}kldgl} il mings}kc èts}je} cel ag wsgm }i hws}ko{ s}e}g.

srilsiqgm vki`glcgCqk}kcs io }jg mgcèqe}kil tgqg

gsrgcke` { cilcgqlgm ivgq }jg rqi.vkskils il ‐rwa kc niqe k}{„ elm‐le}kile elm qgdkile req}kcwèqk}{„tjkcj }jg{ se{ mgreq} oqin owlme.ngl}e jwnel qkdj}s rqklckr`gs

E} `ges} ?2 lil.divgqlngl}eìqdelkxe}kils jevg e`qgem{ tqk}}glEsgel }i ris}rilg }ime{‛s skdlkld,klc`wmkld Jwnel Qkdj}s Te}cjelm Enlgs}{ Kl}gqle}kile`

Kl Rjlin Rglj, ngnagqs io

}jg Esgel Dqessqii}s Rgir`gs‛ Es.sgna`{ cinrèklgm io jeqessngl}}i rqgvgl} }jgn oqin irriskld }i.me{‛s skdlkld

Ecciqmkld }i }jg Essicke}kilio Siw}jges} Eskel Le}kils sgc.qg}eq{ dglgqe Swqkl Rk}swtel, }jg

WS ri kc{ il }jg qgdkil tes gz.rqgssgm a{ WS Mgoglsg Sgcqg}eq{@gil Relg}}e mwqkld e ngg}kld io mgoglsg nklks}gqs jgqg kl Cenai.mke ejgem io }jg @gemgqs‛ Swnnk}

‐Jg sekm }je} }jg WS ks jgqg}i s}e{ Aw} }jg{ tk`` qgsrgc} }jgliqns io }jg qgdkil, gsrgcke` {tk}j qgdeqms }i }gqqk}iqke mks.

rw}gs,„ Swqkl sekmRelg}}e sekm }jg WS tk kl.

cqgesg }jg skxg elm lwnagq io nk .k}eq{ gzgqcksgs kl }jg qgdkil

‐Engqkcels jevg oiwdj} elmmkgm kl }jks qgdkil elm iwq die`jes e`te{s aggl }i rqini}grgecg elm rqisrgqk}{ }jqiwdjiw}}jg qgdkil,„ jg sekm

‐Tg eqg mggrglkld iwq nk k}eq{gldedgngl} tk}j iwq e` kgs elmreq}lgqs kl }jks qgdkil }i glswqg

}je} tg eqg ea`g }i rqini}g rgecgelm sgcwqk}{ oiq nel{ {geqs }icing,„ jg emmgm

]jg WS mgoglsg iostcke` sekmTesjkld}il tk e`si cil}klwg }iswrriq} Esgel.`gm mgoglsg ciir.gqe}kil kl cqk}kce eqges swcj esjwnelk}eqkel essks}elcg, mkses}gqqg kgo, neqk}kng sgcwqk}{, lil.rqi.`kogqe}kil elm ciwl}gq.}gqqiqksn

Esgel ks sggl }i owq}jgq mggrglk}s }kgs tk}j }jg WS tk}j }jg ji`m.kld io }jg stqs} Esgel.WS Swnnk}

lgz} {geq kl AqwlgkKl }jg res}, es kl }jks tggf‛sswnnk}, }jg WS il`{ jem e @gem.gqs‛ Mkeìd tk}j Esgel

‐E swnnk} sglms e skdle io esgqkiws cinnk}ngl} }i ngg} el.lwe``{,„ Swqkl sekm

Relg}}e‛s s}e}gngl} e me{ ag.oiqg WS Rqgskmgl} Aeqecf Iaenee}}glms }jg swnnk} eo}gq e jge}gmqg.g`gc}gm cenrekdl

Iaene tk sggf }i qgkloiqcgEngqkcel klfiwglcg kl Siw}jges}Eske kl srk}g io }jg èqdg sjemitces} a{ Cjkle Jg tk`` agcing }jgstqs} WS rqgskmgl} }i vksk} N{el.neq, el errqgcke}kil oiq k}s s}grs}iteqm mgnicqe}kxe}kil, es tgès Cenaimke

]jg oiwq.me{ }qkr agdkllkldSe}wqme{ tk ag }jg rqgskmgl}‛s

oiwq}j }i Eske K} cings enkmwlwswe` cje``gldgs e} jing, kl.c`wmkld irglkld mkscwsskils tk}jètnefgqs eaiw} mge kld tk}j }jgle}kil‛s stsce` jge`}j elm e sgzscelme }je}‛s qik kld jks le}kile`sgcwqk}{ }gen

S}k , Iaene ks gedgq }i qg}wql }ioiqgkdl ri kc{ ne}}gqs }je} tgqg rw}

Lgz} redg

A{ Hi{cg Reldci Reõeqgs, ER

RJLIN Rglj”Tesjkld}il‛s}ir mgoglsg iostcke` sekm }jgWlk}gm S}e}gs tk`` ‐owq}jgqmggrgl„ k}s nk`k}eq{ rqgsglcg

elm gldedgngl} kl }jg qgdkil

A{ Seqe M Oeawlel

SGLE]IQ Nkqken Sel}kedi ilSe}wqme{ ce` gm oiq }jg }gqnkle}kilio }jg ciwl}q{‛s _ksk}kld OiqcgsEdqggngl} tk}j }jg Wlk}gm S}e}gsrwqriq}gm`{ agcewsg }jg rec} jesoek gm elm }jg Engqkcels jevg vk.iè}gm Rjk`krrklg elm kl}gqle}kile

èts il }jg rqi}gc}kil elm rqgsgq.ve}kil io }jg glvkqilngl}

‐Il Nilme{, K sje`` st`g kl }jgSgle}g e hikl} qgsi`w}kil }gqnk.le}kld }jg _ksk}kld Oiqcgs Edqgg.ngl},„ Sel}kedi sekm kl e srggcjmwqkld }jg ellwe` cilvgl}kil io }jg Rjk krrklg Ecemgn{ io Ngmk.ce` Srgcke`ks}

Sel}kedi sggfs glm}i vksk}kld oiqcgs rec}

E WS Lev{ ekqcqeo} ceqqkgq vksk}gm Nelkè ès} nil}j oiq e diimtk``}iwq MELL[ RE]E

WS Sgcqg}eq{ io Mgoglsg @gilRelg}}e srgefs mwqkld e hikl}rqgss cilogqglcg tk}j CenaimkelNklks}gq io Le}kile` Mgoglsg Dgl]ge Aelj e} }jg ESGEL MgoglsgNklks}gqs Ngg}kld Qg}qge} kl SkgnQger, Cenaimke, il Oqkme{ ER



C[EL NEDGL]E [G@@IT A@ECF


LI_GNAGQ 5:, 1251SWLME[ E1

Eqn{.LRE dwlae}}`g855 mgem

Swlme{ LGTS

NelkèS}elmeqm]IME[

A{ Oìqel}g S, Si`ngqkl

]JG Nklmelei Rgir`gs Cew.cws jes wqdgm Rqgskmgl} Euwklielm }jg `gemgqsjkr io }jg NiqiKsènkc @kagqe}kil Oqil} li} }ierrikl} ‐ri`k}kce` teqìqms„ es}jgkq qgrqgsgl}e}kvgs kl }jg 57.nel ]qelsk}kil Cinnk}}gg }je}tk`` gloiqcg }jg Aeldseniqi ri.`k}kce` gl}k}{ kl Nklmelei

‐V]jg{^ nws} cilskmgq klmk.vkmwe`s tji jevg li cilfikc} io kl}gqgs} kl }jg mgskqgm qiemnerio }jg }qelsk}kil rgqkim ]jws, k}nws} evikm es nwcj es risska`gerrikl}kld }qemk}kile` ri`k}k.ckels tji qgrqgsgl} }je} eaw.skvg, teqìqm.`gm elm e`qgem{wleccgr}ea`g s}e}ws uwi }je} }jgOqengtiqf Edqggngl} sggfs }iqgrècg,„ sekm Cjqks}klg Swned.i{, NRC‛s Rgecg ]e`fs Emvi.cec{ jgem

Swned.i{‛s dqiwr ksswgm}jgkq ?.rikl} cqk}gqke swddgs}kiloiq }jg ]C cinrisk}kil Sjg sekm}jg }qelsk}kil relg`‛s ‐cqk}kce`

}esf„ sjiw`m li} ag }efgl `kdj}`{kl iqmgq li} }i mgqek` }jg knr`g.ngl}e}kil io }jg Aeldseniqi

‐Okqs}, }jg }qelsk}kil cinnks.skil nws} ag cinrisgm io nglelm tingl tk}j rqivgl }qecf qgciqm kl jwnel qkdj}s, rgecg.awk`mkld elm swrriq} }i }jg DRJ.NK@O Rgecg ]e`fs,„ sjg sekm

]jkqm, sjg sekm }je} cilsks.}gl} tk}j }jg Le}kile` Ec}kilRèl io }jg WL Sgcwqk}{ Ciwl.ck` Qgsi`w}kil 5317, }jg relg`nws} jevg e} `ges} 32' tingl.ngnagqs tji mkqgc}`{ cingoqin cilfikc}.eoogc}gm eqges elmtk}j kmgl}kstgm cils}k}wglc{ }iqgrqgsgl}6 oiwq}j, e qgrqgsgl}e.}kvg oqin }jg klmkdgliws rgi.r`gs nws} e`si ag errikl}gm kl}jg ]qelsk}kil Cinnksskil kliqmgq }i glswqg }je} }jgkq qkdj}seqg jgeqm elm rqi}gc}gm ]jksqgrqgsgl}e}kvg nws} ag cji.sgl il }jg aesks io cilsglswsawk`mkld enild }jg klmkdgliwsrgir`gs `gemgqs tk}j srgckeòicws il }jisg }qkags }je} eqg

mkqgc}`{ eoogc}gm gd ]gmwqe{,Mwèldel Neliai, Eqwnelgl,A‛èel elm Jkdeilil }qkags6

Oko}j, e``.Niqi ngnagqs nws}glswqg }je} }jg dgidqerjkc eqgesio }jg Aeldseniqi nws} ag qgr.qgsgl}gm gsrgcke``{ }jisg cinkldoqin }jg ksèlm.rqivklcgs6

Elm stle``{, e qgrqgsgl}e}kvgoqin }jg Niqi Le}kile` @ka.gqe}kil Oqil} nws} e`si ag er.rikl}gm kl iqmgq }i rqini}g wlk}{elm cilvgqdglcg io }jg NL@Oelm NK@O rgecg rqicgssgs tk}j}jg Rjk`krrklg divgqlngl} K} ksvk}e` }je} }jg Niqi Le}kile` @ka.gqe}kil Oqil} tk`` ec}kvg`{ req}kc.kre}g kl ]C elm tk`` jevg e se{ kl}jg mqeo}kld io }jg AeldseniqiAeskc @et, sjg sekm

Geq`kgq, }jg Lwq Nkssweqk.`gmNL@O oec}kil sènngm }jgAeldseniqi gvgl es Euwklijem sekm }je} }jg cwqqgl} Ew}ili.niws Qgdkil kl Nws`kn Nklm.elei tes e`qgem{ ‐iasi`g}g„

Nkssweqk agceng }jg stqs}EQNN divgqliq eo}gq }jg

NL@O swqqglmgqgm }i }jg div.gqlngl} kl 5;;?

Il Ic} 57, }jg Neèceleldelm }jg NK@O skdlgm }jg OQED,e s}eq}kld rikl} }i tiqf il }i st.le``{ glm }jg mgcemgs.i`m Niqicilfikc} kl Nklmelei ]jg OQEDjes }i tiqf il }jqgg ellgzgsleng`{, liqne`kxe}kil *mgcin.nksskilkld+, ritgq.sjeqkld elmtge`}j.sjeqkld

Euwkli jes {g} }i skdl el Gz.gcw}kvg Iqmgq }je} tk`` iostcke `{mkqgc} }jg ]C }i s}eq} k}s hia io knr`gngl}kld }jg Aeldseniqi

Ngeltjk`g, }jg AeldseniqiKsènkc Eqngm Oiqcgs wlmgq }jgNK@O qgk}gqe}gm k}s ow`` swrriq}}i }jg OQED

‐]jg AKEO ivgqtjg`nkld`{tg`cing elm swrriq} }jg oqeng.tiqf edqggngl}, gvgl es jgce``gm il e`` }jg AKEO iostcgqselm ngl }i ciirgqe}g kl e`` klk.}ke}kvgs elm glmgeviqs }je} rwsj.gs oiq }jg swccgss io }jg edqgg.ngl},„ sekm Senn{ E` Nelswq,cjkgo io s}eoo io AKEO

Nklmelei dqiwr scioos e} ri`k}kce teqìqms

OKG@M wlk} jgems io }jg Mg.req}ngl} io Rwa`kc Tiqfs elmJkdjte{s tk`` cilvglg oiq e}ti.me{ essgna`{ io }jg Mks}qkc}

Gldklggqs @gedwg io }jg Rjk`kr.rklgs il Livgnagq 12.15, 1251kl Cgaw Ck}{

Mks}qkc} elm Essks}el} Mks}qkc}Gldklggqs oqin }jg 5:3 mks}qkc}gldklggqkld iostcgs le}kiltkmgde}jgq oiq }jg s}edkld io }jg :}jEllwe` Cilvgl}kil 1251 tk}j}jg }jgng MG@R Swrriq}s MR.TJs Lgt S{s}gns Errqiecj

Es oqil}`klgqs io }jg Mg.req}ngl}, }jg Mks}qkc} elm Es.sks}el} Mks}qkc} Gldklggqs rw}kl}i rqec}kcg }jg rqidqens elmri`kckgs cqeo}gm a{ }jg MRTJneledgngl} `gvg` }i emmqgss}jg mgnelm oiq ag}}gq kloqe.s}qwc}wqg }je} tk`` jg`r rwsjqerkm, klc`wskvg elm sws}eklgmgcilinkc dqit}j

]jg MRTJ kl }jg mks}qkc}

`gvg` ks cil}klwiws`{ tiqfkld}i glswqg }jg seog}{ io e`` kloqe.s}qwc}wqg oeck`k}kgs elm }i dweqel.

}gg }jg gostckglc{ elm uwe`k}{ klcils}qwc}kil io e`` rwa`kc tiqfselm jkdjte{s

Es }jg rqklckre` kloqes}qwc.

}wqg edglc{ io }jg divgql.ngl}, MRTJ tk`` emmqgss}jg qkskld lgcgssk}{ oiq ag}.}gq kloqes}qwc}wqg tk}j }jgMks}qkc} Iookcgs srgeqjgemkld}jg rqgsgqve}kil elm qgjeak`k.}e}kil io le}kile` qiems elmaqkmdgs kl }jg nwlkckre`k}kgs,ck}kgs elm rqivklcgs

]i sws}ekl }jg wrstkld io divgqlngl} srglmkld req}kcw.èq`{ il kloqes}qwc}wqg }je} tk``nefg }jg ciwl}q{ niqg dìa.e``{ cinrg}k}kvg, e mkscwsskilil stlelcke` ne}}gqs, mksawqsg.ngl} elm ia`kde}kil ks enild}jg }irkcs }i ag mkscwssgm e} }jgcilvgl}kil

Guwe``{ knriq}el} ne}}gq ks}jg knr`gngl}e}kil io }jg Rgq.oiqnelcg.Aesgm Klcgl}kvg S{s.

}gns oiq divgqlngl} gnrì{ggsmgskdlgm }i qgteqm rgqoiqngqsoiq ngg}kld }jgkq }eqdg}s

]jg cinrg}glc{ io MRTJngl kl }jg stg`m tk`` ag }jg je``.neqfs io diim `gemgqsjkr tjkcjtk`` ag }jg fg{ }i }jg swccgss.

ow` ceqq{kld iw} io mgvgìrngl}rqidqens

Ecciqmkld }i Sgcqg}eq{ Qi.dg`ki @ Skldsil, }jg MRTJkl req}lgqsjkr tk}j }jg Ckvk`Sgqvkcg Cinnksskil jes ceq.qkgm iw} }ti *1+ rqini}kile`gzenkle}kils }i ve`kme}g }jgcereak`k}{ elm cinrg}glc{io }jisg ji`mkld neledgqke`risk}kils swcj es Mks}qkc} elmEssks}el} Mks}qkc} Gldklggqs}i cil}klwg rqiogsskile`kxkld}jg Mgreq}ngl}

]i klcqgesg rqimwc}kvk}{, go.stckglc{ elm googc}kvglgss, }jgMRTJ jes e`si gnaeqfgm il }jgkls}k}w}kile`kxe}kil io e Uwe`k}{Neledgngl} S{s}gn }je} tk``s}elmeqmkxg uwe`k}{ io rwa`kc sgq.vkcg mg`kvgq{ }i agcing cilsks.

}gl} tk}j }jg qguwkqgngl} io }jgKl}gqle}kile` Iqdelkxe}kil oiqS}elmeqmkxe}kil *KSI+

Rwa kc Tiqfs sg}s akd gvgl} kl Cgaw

@ilmil‛s Akd G{g9 Li, aw} k} cel ress wr es Nelkè‛s vgqskil io }jg dkel} ogqqks tjgg` agkld awk`} kl S}eq Ck}{ kl }kng oiq }jg ji`kme{s SILL[ GSRKQK]W

S}e}g }qiirgqs oqin }jg 71lm Mkvkskil Qgcillekselcg Cinrel{wlmgq 1lm @} ]iqqg Re`ne tgqg enawsjgm a{ LRE qgag`s e} Aeqel.de{ Neaae{em, Sel Dwk``gqni }itl eqiwlm 7 EN, ecciqmkld }iCenr Edwkle`mi, }jg nk`k}eq{ jgemuwe}gqs

Ec}kld eqn{ srifgsnel, Ciìlg` Ckqk`k}i Siaghele sekm }jg cèsjaqifg iw} ag}tggl 32 LRE qgag`s wlmgq }jg Aglk}i ]gsiqki Cin.nelm elm }jg Eqn{ ngl Skz si`mkgqs elm stvg qgag`s mkgm mwqkld}jg stqgstdj}

]jg qgag`s }iif gkdj} jkdj.ritgqgm stqgeqns oqin }jg sèkl si`.mkgqs

Rqkiq }i }jg glciwl}gq, }jg Eqn{ gldedgm eli}jgq dqiwr io qgag`skl Aqd{ Deleèl, Sel Neqkeli e`si kl Kseagè ]jgqg tgqg li cesw.e`}kgs oqin gk}jgq skmg

Kl Nklmelei, }jg Le}kile` Ri`kcg il Oqkme{ sgkxgm e cecjg io jkdj. ritgqgm stqgeqns elm essiq}gm ennwlk}kil e} e qgskmglcg io }ti swsrgc}gm dwlqwllgqs

]jg eqns cecjg tes wlgeq}jgm me{s eo}gq Kl}gqkiq Sgcqg}eq{Neq Qizes elm }jg ri`kcg èwlcjgm }jg Sgcwqg elm Oekq G`gc.}kils oiq 1253 }esf oiqcg tjisg hia, enild i}jgqs, ks }i cer}wqgìisg stqgeqns

]ti rgqsils tgqg eqqgs}gm e} }jgkq qgskmglcg kl Reqf Aiwdekl.vk`è, Aeqelde{ Rknaeè{el, Sw`}el Fwmeqe} mwqkld e qekm s}edgm

a{ ngnagqs io }jg Qgdkile` Srgcke` Kl}g``kdglcg Mkvkskil `gm a{Ri`kcg Cjkgo Klsrgc}iq Sgaes}kel

Xenaielde Ri`kcg Qgdkile` Mkqgc}iq Cjkgo Swr} E`gz Rew`Nil}gedwmi sekm cjeqdgs io k``gde` rissgsskil io stqgeqns tgqgst`gm edekls} }jg }ti swsrgc}s

]jg ri`kcg irgqe}kils edekls} }jg swsrgc}s tgqg ceqqkgm iw}il }jg aesks io e sgeqcj teqqel} ksswgm a{ }jg Neqetk Ck}{]qke` Ciwq}

Il }jg stqgeqns ks} tgqg8 el G`ksci N.5? qkfig6 5 FD; qkfig, e de.qelm qkfig, e ce`kaqg =7 rks}i`, el WXK.}{rg jingnemg swa.necjklgdwl, es tg`` es essiq}gm ennwlk}kils oiq jkdj.ritgqgm stqgeqns

A{ Oqelf ]w{e{

E] @GES] skz Eqn{ }qiirgqs elm stvgLgt Rgir`g‛s Eqn{ qgag`s tgqg fk``gmmwqkld stgqcg stdj}kld kl e qgni}g vk`èdgkl Kseagè il Se}wqme{ niqlkld

Sel}kediSjg sekm mgckmgm }i rqirisg }jg

qgsi`w}kil eo}gq Engqkcel mgoglsgcil}qec}iq D`gll Mgoglsg NeqklgEske e``gdgm`{ ak`dgm jexeqmiwstes}g kl Swakc Ae{

]jg sgle}iq, tji ks gzrgc}gm}i esswng e nedks}qec{ e} }jg Kl.}gqle}kile` Cqknkle` Ciwq} kl }jgJedwg, Lg}jgqèlms, sekm sjg jes}jqgg wlmgq`{kld qgesils tj{ sjgjes qgrge}gm`{ ce``gm oiq }jg eaqi.de}kil io }jg _OE

‐K jevg aggl ce``kld oiq }jgeaqide}kil io }jg _OE oiq sinel{ {geqs lit, req}kcwèq`{tjgl K tes }jg cjekq io }jg oiq.

gkdl le}kil cinnk}}gg,„ Sel.

}kedi sekmOkqs}, sjg sekm }jg neklrikl} io }jg edqggngl} tes }ie`ìt WS }qiirs }i vksk} }jgkqOk`krkli ciwl}gqreq}s oiq }qekl.kld elm i}jgq sgcwqk}{ elmneqk}kng gzgqcksgs

‐Tg ce`` k} ‚vksk}kld‛ oiqcgsedqggngl}, aw} }jgkq si ce``gm‚vksk}‛ jes agceng rgqnelgl},„sjg sekm ‐]jg{ jevg aggl jgqgoiq 53 {geqs, si }jg{ eqg vkiè}kldelm nks`gemkld }jg rgir`g eaiw}}jg le}wqg io }jgkq vksk}„

Sjg sekm }jg rgir`g io Xenai.elde Ck}{, klc`wmkld ngnagqs io ness ngmke, flit }je} }jg Engq.kcels jevg nekl}eklgm e cils}el}rqgsglcg kl }jg siw}jgql ck}{

‐]jg{ eqg li} vksk}kld }jgqg, }jg{

eqg suwe}}kld,„ sjg sekmSgcilm`{, }jg Rjk`krrklgs jesqgcgkvgm vgq{ `k}}`g nk`k}eq{ es.sks}elcg oqin }jg WS elm il`{dg}s hwlfgm nk`k}eq{ guwkrngl}‐Tje} aglgst} mi tg dekl oqin}je}9„ sjg esfgm

]jkqm`{, sjg eccwsgm }jg WS io vkiè}kld Rjk`krrklg elm kl}gqle.}kile` èts tk}j vgssg`s kl Rjk`kr.rklg }gqqk}iqke` te}gqs

‐K cjeqdg }jg Wlk}gm S}e}gsoiq oek`kld }i cinr`{ tk}j, elmoiq vkiè}kld, Rjk`krrklg èt, estg`` es kl}gqle}kile` liqns elmcws}ins il }jg rqi}gc}kil elmrqgsgqve}kil io }jg glvkqilngl}es }jgsg ia`kde}kils eqg litcimkstgm qgsrgc}kvg`{ kl Eq}kc`gs

5;1 elm 155 io }jg Wlk}gm Le.

}kil Cilvgl}kil il }jg @et io }jg Sge,„ Sel}kedi sekmAgcewsg io }jgsg vkiè}kils,

Sel}kedi sekm }jg _OE agcengvikm elm k} ks qkdj} io }jg Rjk`.krrklg divgqlngl} }i }gqnkle}g}jg edqggngl}

‐Wlmgq }jg _OE, lgk}jgq }jgRjk`krrklgs liq }jg WS lggm }ick}g e aesks iq }i cinr`{ tk}jel{ rqgqguwksk}g }i }gqnkle}g}jg edqggngl} Ilg req}{ tk``sknr`{ li}ko{ }jg i}jgq kl tqk}.kld }je} k} mgskqgs }i }gqnkle}g}jg edqggngl},„ Sel}kedi sekm,emmkld }je} jgq rqirisgm qgsi`w.}kil tk`` e`si mkqgc} }jg Mgreq}.ngl} io Oiqgkdl Eooekqs }i dkvgli}kcg io }gqnkle}kil io }jg WS

Gnaess{ kl Nelkè

Sjg e`si sekm Qgr Te`mglAg`ì tk`` e`si st`g il Nilme{e ciwl}gqreq} qgsi`w}kil kl }jgJiwsg Qgrqgsgl}e}kvg

‐]jks hikl} qgsi`w}kil tk`` ag}qge}gm es e ak`` ressgm a{ }jg }ticjenagqs io Cildqgss Hws} `kfg eak``, }jks qgsi`w}kil cel ag vg}igma{ }jg Rqgskmgl},„ sjg sekm

Aw} Rqgskmgl}ke` Gmtkl @eckgq.me ciw`m il`{ se{ Neèceõeld qg.srgc}s }jg rqgqide}kvg io Sel}kedi}i st`g }jg sekm qgsi`w}kil

‐Tg qgsrgc} }jg rqgqide}kvg io Sgle}iq Mgoglsiq.Sel}kedi }i st`g}je} qgsi`w}kil,„ @eckgqme sekm kle }g`grjilg kl}gqvkgt

‐]jg req}kgs klvi`vgm jevge`qgem{ klmkce}gm }jgkq tk``kld.

lgss }i ag qgsiwqcg rgqsils kl }jg

gvgl} }jg{ eqg klvk}gm }i }jg Sgl.e}g,„ jg emmgmKl e sgreqe}g kl}gqvkgt, Rqgsk.

mgl}ke` Cinnksskil il }jg _OEgzgcw}kvg mkqgc}iq Gmkàgq}iEmel s}qgssgm }je} }jg SANEks cilmwc}kld el klvgs}kde}kilio }jg e``gdgm mwnrkld io }izkctes}g

‐Si oeq, }jg SANE Gciìd{Cgl}gq sekm }je} }jg tes}g ks li}jexeqmiws elm }jg Cies} Dweqmsekm }jgqg tes li mwnrkld, es e`.`gdgm,„ Emel sekm

Aw} Sel}kedi sjqwddgm ioo Em.el‛s s}e}gngl}, se{kld8 ‐Ko }je} ksli} jexeqmiws, tj{ mi {iw jevg}i mwnr }jgn kl }jg sge9 ]jg{ciw`m jevg hws} qgc{c`gm k}„

WLSeq Niqe, ilg io EDRE‛s iq.

delkxgqs, sekm e} `ges} stvg vgl.wgs oiq ckvk` sickg}{ oiqe ejgemio }jg Esgel Swnnk} jevg cel.cg``gm }jgkq qgsgqve}kils

]jg qgdkile` mgcèqe}kil ksilg io }jg fg{ nelme}gs io }jg Esgel Kl}gqdivgqlngl}e`Cinnksskil il Jwnel Qkdj}scqge}gm kl 122;

Qgfigc}iqs,Tiqfgqs kls}e`` kdj} qgfigc}iqs il Elmqgts Evglwg }je} gems }i }jg ekqriq} eqge *klsg}+,Ni}iqks}s }qevgqskld Elmqgts Evglwg kl Rese{ Ck}{ eqg lit dwkmgm a{ }jg kdj} qgfigc}iqs tjkcj Ck}qeNg}qi Nelkè ]i``te{s Ciqriqe}kil qgcgl}`{ kls}e``gm il }jg 5=.fkìng}gq s}qg}cj io }jg evglwg oqinLEKE.3 }i }jg Nelkè Mings}kc Ekqriq}, ]jg ekqriq} eqge sgqvgs es }jg kl}gqle}kile` de}gte{ }i }jgciwl}q{‛s cinngqcke` elm }iwqks} jwas

Esgel,,,il }jg aecf awqlgq a{ }jg cenrekdl ]jgwlrqgcgmgl}gm vksk} }i N{elneq, e`siflitl es Awqne, dkvgs }jg }qkr e jks}iqkcgmdg tjk`g sjiqkld wr e s}qe}gdkc qgdkile`die` siwdj} tk}j s}irs kl ]jekèlm elm klCenaimke, tjgqg jg tk`` e}}glm }jg Ges}Eske Swnnk} kl Rjlin Rglj

]jg Eske }qkr wlmgqsciqgs Iaene‛s go.oiq}s }i gs}ea`ksj }jg Wlk}gm S}e}gs es elEske.Reckstc ritgq, e tiq`mvkgt mgstlgm

a{ 15s} cgl}wq{ dgiri`k}kcs aw} e`si a{Iaene‛s rgqsile` kmgl}k}{ es Engqkce‛sstqs} Reckstc rqgskmgl} Iaene tes aiql klJetekk

‐Cil}klwkld }i ok`` kl iwq rkvi} }iEske tk`` ag e cqk}kce` req} io }jks rqgs.kmgl}‛s sgcilm }gqn elm w`}kne}g`{ jksoiqgkdl ri`kc{ `gdec{,„ mgrw}{ le}kil.e` sgcwqk}{ emvksgq Agl Qjimgs sekmejgem io }jg }qkr

Kl cjiiskld }jks }kng }i }qevg`”}jgGes} Eske Swnnk} tes scjgmw`gm sing}kng edi”Iaene ks }efkld emvel}edg io

jks g`gc}iqe` swccgss, elm jks kl}gqle}kile`ciwl}gqreq}s eqg aiwlm }i ag kl e cildqe}.wè}iq{ niim

‐Awqne ks sglmkld e ritgqow` skdle`}je} rgir`g eqg qghgc}kld }jg li}kil }je} elew}jiqk}eqkel nimg` ks }jg fg{ }i mgvgìr.ngl},„ Qjimgs sekm

]jg rqgceqkiws le}wqg io }jg awmdg} lg.di}ke}kils ks li} ìs} il Eskel ciwl}qkgs,elm Iaene tk`` `kfg`{ stlm jknsgò il }jgskmg`klgs ioogqkld qgesswqelcgs }i i}jgq`gemgqs }je} }jg WS tk`` li} r`wldg ivgqe stsce` c`koo

Mwqkld }jg aqkgo s}ir Nilme{ kl N{el.neq, Iaene tk`` ngg} tk}j irrisk}kil`gemgq Ewld Sel Sww F{k elm Rqgskmgl}]jgkl Sgkl elm mg`kvgq el emmqgss kltjkcj jg tk`` ce`` oiq cil}klwgm ri`k}kce`qgoiqns kl e ciwl}q{ }je} jem aggl kl}gqle.}kile``{ sjwllgm oiq mgcemgs

]jg Ges} Eske Swnnk} klc`wmgs }jg52.ngnagq Essicke}kil io Siw}jges}Eskel Le}kils elm gkdj} i}jgq le}kils8}jg Wlk}gm S}e}gs, Cjkle, Herel, Siw}jFiqge, Klmke, Qwsske, Ews}qe`ke elmLgt Xgeèlm



ns}me{mgsfBdnek`cin

Swlme{ LGTS

NelkèS}elmeqm]IME[


C[EL NEDGL]E [G@@ITA@ECF

]jg èaiqe}iq{ wsgs s}e}g.io.}jg.eq} ow``{.

ew}ine}kc elm cinrw}gqkxgm }gs} aglcj

s{s}gn elm ks cerea`g io }gs}kld ngcjelkce`,

g`gc}qinedlg}kc, / w`}qesilkc ng}gqs oqin

57nn wr }i 322 nn kl skxg oiq cereck}{ oqin

}jqgg `k}gqs rgq jiwq }i wr }i 722 cwakc ng}gqs

rgq jiwq io te}gq vi`wng

Lwngqiws te}gq mks}qkc}s, te}gq sgqvkcg

rqivkmgqs, rqirgq}{ mgvgìrgqs elm te}gq ng}gq

swrr`kgqs ecqiss }jg ciwl}q{ sggf }jg sgqvkcgs

io Nelkè Te}gq‛s ng}gq }gs}kld èaiqe}iq{

}i cgq}ko{ te}gq ng}gqs }jg{ nelwoec}wqg iq

@U_TMII KQW OZ_TQRJW_ 4FJ_J ¹WR_ @UOIZDJ

Swakc Te}gq, Cèqf Te}gq, Xenaielde Ck}{,

Dwnece, Ng{cewe{el, Eènklis, Aeciìm

Ck}{ elm ]edwn Ck}{ Te}gq Mks}qkc}s es tg``

es Ng}qi Nelkè‛s Tgs} Xilg te}gq sgqvkcg

cilcgsskilekqg, Ne{lkèm Te}gq Sgqvkcgs, Klc

Te}gq ng}gq nelwoec}wqgqs swcj es @wxil

Oiwlmq{, Rjk`krrklg _e`vg elm E``wnkle}gs

Ng}gqkld Swrr`{ Ci Klc, enild i}jgqs, e`si

jevg }jgkq rqimwc}s }gs}gm kl }jg Nelkè Te}gq

ng}gq }gs}kld èaiqe}iq{ E lwnagq io rqirgq}{

mgvgìrgqs elm rqkve}g swamkvkskil jingitlgqs‛

essicke}kils e`si gldedg }jg sgqvkcgs io }jgèaiqe}iq{ }i }gs} }jg te}gq ng}gqs }jg{ wsg kl

}jgkq mgvgìrngl}s

‐Tg klvk}g cws}ingqs elm klmws}q{

rqec}k}kilgqs }i tk}lgss jit tg }gs} iwq te}gq

ng}gqs elm ag}}gq errqgcke}g }jg qkdkm elm

Rj`‛s il`{ KSI.eccqgmk}gm ng}gq }gs}kld èaiqe}iq{,Nelkè Te}gq‛s Ng}qiìd{ Cgl}gq, gzrelms

sgqvkcgs }i klmws}q{ rqec}k}kilgqs

ceqgow` rqicgss io ng}gq }gs}kld elm ce`kaqe}kil

wskld s}e}g.io.}jg.eq} oeck`k}kgs elm s{s}gns, ,„

sekm Hwl Sel}is, Ng}qiìd{ Cgl}gq‛s Uwe`k}{

Neledgq

Tk}j R32 nk``kil srgl} oiq k}s qgjeak`k}e}kil,

}jg Ng}qiìd{ Cgl}gq wlmgqtgl} e cils}el}

wrdqemg elm knrqivgngl} }jqiwdj }jg {geqs

Oqin }jg nelwe` }gs} aglcj k} wsgm e} }jg

s}eq} io }jg cilcgsskil 57 {geqs edi, }jg

cinrel{ gljelcgm }jg oeck`k}{ a{ rwqcjeskld

e cinrw}gqkxgm }gs} aglcj oiq sne`` ng}gqs

kl 1225 elm }jgl eli}jgq }gs} aglcj, }jks }kng

ce}gqkld }i èqdg ng}gqs, kl 122: Kl 1255,

}jg Cgl}gq wlmgqtgl} qglive}kil tjk`g }i}e``{

err`{kld lgt }gcjliìd{ il }jg rqicgss oiq

}gs}kld ng}gqs }i uwe`ko{ oiq }jg eccqgmk}e}kil

Eli}jgq sg} io gemkld.gmdg elm ow``{.ew}ine}gm

}gs} aglcjgs tgqg e`si ecuwkqgm, }i cinr`{ tk}j

dìae``{.qgcidlkxgm s}elmeqms Oqin e skld`g

ÂQX TJ_T 2MU@IM 8MTJW KZIIP @RSIJRJUTJD

}jg KSI =2?= s}elmeqms, tjgqg }jg ce`kaqe}kil

JVSJWT_TJ_TMIIRJTJW_@UKQZWÂQX_GM_JDQU@T_

RMV@RZRÂQXUQR@UMIÂQXTWMU_@T@QUMIÂQX

MUDR@U@RZRÂQX-IITFJ_JMWJTJ_TMRJUT_TQ

Nelkè Te}gq‛s cinnk}ngl} }i eccwqec{ elmqg`keak`k}{ kl rqivkmkld sgqvkcg li} hws} }i k}s

cws}ingqs oiq te}gq elm tes}gte}gq sgqvkcgs

kl }jg Ng}qi Nelkè‚s Ges} Xilg aw} e`si }i

SMWTUJW_XFQ_JJLOJWT@¹OMT@QUKQWXMTJWRJTJW_

wsgm ecqiss }jg ciwl}q{

Rji}i sjits Qin{ Nece}wè, Nelkè Te}gq‛s Qgsgeqcj elm Mgvgìrngl} Neledgq gzrèklkld jit }jg

Ng}qiìd{ Cgl}gq‛s }gs} aglcj tiqfs, }i Ng}qiri`k}el Te}gqtiqfs elm Sgtgqedg S{s}gn Emnklks}qe}iq Dgqeqmi

Gsuwkvg` elm i}jgq Nelkè Te}gq s}efgji`mgqs Jg gzrèklgm }jg qkdkm elm ceqgow` rqicgss io }gs})ce`kaqe}kil

}je} Nelkè Te}gq gnrì{s }i glswqg }je} tje} }jg cws}ingqs re{ gecj nil}j ks qge``{ }jgkq ec}we` cilswnr}kil

NMU@IM8MTJW¿_2JTWQIQHP/JUTJWOQUT@UZJ_TQSWQ[J@T_ JK¹O@JUOPMUD

cinrg}glcg kl }gs}kld te}gq ng}gqs oiq wsg kl }jg Rjk`krrklgs, ]jg

qgcgl}`{ klewdwqe}gm cgl}gq‛s èaiqe}iq{ ks }jg il`{ ng}gq }gs}kld

IMGQWMTQWP@UTFJ3F@I@SS@UJ_WJOQHU@^JDGPTFJ3F@I@SS@UJ-OOWJD@TMT@QU1K¹OJ

tk}j el KSI)KGC 5421781227 eccqgmk}e}kil, ]jks ew}jiqkxgs Nelkè Te}gq‛s

2JTWQIQHP/JUTJWTQ@__ZJOJWT@¹OMT@QU_KQWXMTJWRJTJW_TFMTZUDJWHQTJ_T@UH@U

k}s èaiqe}iq{,

Sgcwqkld [iw} Ow}wqg ]ime{

EOR g{gs c{agqsgcwqk}{ irs

]qgeswqgs io Eldili, Dkel} rergq.necjg stdwqgs nemg kl Eldili,Qkxe` tgqg reqemgm eìld }jg s}qgg}s io Kl}qenwqis kl Nelkè il Oqkme{mwqkld }jg irglkld io Le}kile` Cinnksskil oiq }jg Eq}s‛ Eq}ks} Jevglkl Kl}qenwqis MELL[ RE]E

Jiwsg }gz} aqkdemg}errgm oiq uwiqwn

Skldsil sg}s ri`kc{}i qgcèkn skmgte`fs

A{ Oìqel}g S, Si`ngqkl

E@]JIWDJ }jg Swrqgng Ciwq}jes mgckmgm }i }gnriqeqk`{ s}ir }jgknr`gngl}e}kil io }jg C{agqcqkngRqgvgl}kil Ec} io 1251, }jg nk`k}eq{ks scqena`kld }i sg} wr e c{agqsgcwqk}{irgqe}kils cgl}gq, ecciqmkld }i nk`k}eq{srifgsnel Ci` Eqlwòi Awqdis Hq

]jg nk`k}eq{ mwaagm k}sglvkskilgm c{agqsgcwqk}{ teqqiin es }jg Cinnelm, Cil}qi`,Cinnwlkce}kils, Cinrw}gqs,Kl}g``kdglcg, Swqvgk`èlcg, ]eqdg}Ecuwksk}kil elm Qgcilleksselcg*C=KS]EQ+, Awqdis sekm kl es}e}gngl} mks}qkaw}gm }i mgoglsg

qgriq}gqs‐]jg C=KS]EQ rqihgc} tes

glvkskilgm a{ }jg Mgreq}ngl} io Le}kile` Mgoglsg elm }jg *EqngmOiqcgs io }jg Rjk`krrklgs+ oiq ecinrqgjglskvg wrdqemkld elmecuwksk}kil io nimgql guwkrngl}elm si`w}kils wlmgq }jg EORnimgqlkxe}kil rqidqen oiq

gostckgl} elm googc}kvg cilmwc}io irgqe}kils,„ jg sekm

Awqdis mkm li} srgcko{ tje}fklm io ‐irgqe}kils„ }jg nk`k}eq{jirgm }i cilmwc} aw} Ci`Tk`sil De`gmi io }jg Iostcg io }jg Mgrw}{ Cjkgo io S}eoo oiqCinnwlkce}kils, G`gc}qilkcs

elm Kloiqne}kil S{s}gns, sekm}jg C=KS]EQ ks oicwsgm ilrqi}gc}kld jkdj`{.sgcwqgm me}eoqin c{agqe}}ecfs

‐]jks ks e cil}klwkld gooiq} }ifggr }jg EOR e} recg tk}j cwqqgl}}qglms kl c{agqsgcwqk}{ kl `klgtk}j }jg C=KS]EQ elm }jg EORNimgqlkxe}kil Rqidqen,„ De`gmi

sekm, emmkld }jg{ tk`` e`si nilk}iq}jg ‐cjeldkld }jqge} èlmscergelm k}s knr`kce}kils oiq mgoglsg,sgcwqk}{ neledgngl} elm awk`mkldc{agqsgcwqk}{ ciqg rgqsillg`„

]jg qgneqfs e}}qkaw}gm }i EORcjkgo io s}eoo Dglgqe Hgsskg Mgìsekl }jg s}e}gngl} tes guwe``{ vedwg

‐Es req} io k}s kljgqgl} qi`gsil kl}gqle` sgcwqk}{ irgqe}kils,

}gqqk}iqke` mgoglsg, elm mkses}gqqgsrilsg, }jg EOR jes }i agrqgreqgm elm qgem{ es }jg tiq`msjko}s k}s oicws il c{agqsgcwqk}{,„}jg s}e}gngl} qgem ‐]i mi }jks tg

jevg }i s}qgen`klg elm sgcwqg iwqcinnwlkce}kils s{s}gns kl iqmgq}i gostckgl}`{ elm googc}kvg`{rgqoiqn iwq nelme}g kl rqi}gc}kldiwq rgir`g„

A{ Neqkcg` _, Cqwx

EO]GQ oek`kld }i nws}gq e uwiqwn ivgq }jqgg sgsskil me{s es} tggf,Srgefgq Og`kckeli Ag`nil}g Hq sekm jg tk`` ec}kve}g e niak`g rjilg}gz} aqkdemg }i glswqg }je} }jgqg eqg e} ges} 5=7 etnefgqs rqgsgl} kl}jg Jiwsg io Qgrqgsgl}e}kvgs }jks tggf oiq }jg mgae}gs il }jg jkdj`{.cil}gl}kiws Qgrqimwc}kvg Jge`}j Ak``

‐Il Nilme{, K‛n e`nis} swqg }je} tg tk`` jevg e uwiqwn K }jklf tg‛`` }gz} }jgn geq`kgq, ne{ag il Oqkme{ iq Se}wqme{,„ Ag`nil}gsekm ‐K} cel‛} ag kfg }jks e`te{s„

Ag`nil}g ecflit`gmdgm }je} sing}jkld jes }i ag milg }i cinrg`}jg etnefgqs }i e}}glm sgsskils eo}gq }jg Jiwsg jem }i emhiwql geq`{kl }jg es} }jqgg sgsskil me{s agcewsg }jgqg tgqg il`{ 553 etnefgqsrqgsgl} ès} Liv 51, 53; il Liv 53 elm 535 il Liv 5=

Ag`nil}g sekm jg wlmgqs}elms }je} sing io jks 1:= og`ìtcildqgssngl ciw`m e`qgem{ ag aws{ rqgreqkld oiq 1253 g`gc}kils, aw}‐}jg{ sjiw`m li} oiqdg} }je} }jg{ s}k`` jevg }i ow`st`` }jgkq `gdksè}kvgowlc}kils„

Rqi.QJ etnefgqs tgqg mksne{gm tk}j }jg erreqgl} jg`r`gsslgssio }jg Jiwsg gemgqsjkr }i emmqgss }jg rgqgllke` rqia`gn io uwiqwn,gsrgcke``{ sklcg }jg Jiwsg il`{ jes 57 sgsskil me{s agoiqg k}s ji`kme{aqgef il Mgc 15

Ag`nil}g sekm }jg }gz} aqkdemg ne{ jg`r si`vg }jg rqia`gn agcewsg

`kfg k} mkm tjgl }jg Jiwsg lggmgm }i vi}g es} Ewdws} }i }gqnkle}g }jgrgqkim io kl}gqrg`è}kils elm mgae}gs il }jg QJ ak``

Aedild Jglgqes{il Qgr Agqlemg}}g Jgqqgqe.M{, el QJ swrriq}gq,sekm sjg ks jirkld }je} jgq ci``gedwgs tk`` e}}glm }jg sgsskil lgz}tggf

‐Tg jirg lgz} tggf *}jgqg tk`` ag e uwiqwn e`qgem{+ K}‛s eli}jgqtggf,„ Jgqqgqe.M{ sekm

A{ Hig` Xwqaeli

]JG Mgreq}ngl} io Rwa`kc Tiqfselm Jkdjte{s ks sg} }i knrisglgz} {geq e lgt ri`kc{ rqijkak}kldias}qwc}kil elm k``gde` wsg io qiemqkdj}.io.te{ kl e akm }i `gssgl iqrqgvgl} qiem ecckmgl}s

‐Tg jevg }i qgcivgq iwq qiem qkdj}.io.te{ elm qgnivg cinngqckeèc}kvk}kgs il iwq gesgngl},„ sekmMRTJ Sgcqg}eq{ Qidg`ki Skldsil,li}kld }jg mkqgc}kvg io Rqgskmgl}Euwkli }i knrqivg }jg qiem seog}{s}elmeqms kl }jg ciwl}q{

Skldsil sekm jks edglc{ tk``qg.èwlcj k}s cenrekdl }i qgcivgqqiem qkdj}.io.te{, tjkcj ks enild}jg cis}.gostckgl} errqiecjgs klmge`kld tk}j }jg jkdj lwnagq io ecckmgl}s enild rgmgs}qkels

MRTJ s}wm{ sjitgm }je} qiemecckmgl}s eqg enild }jg `gemkldcewsg io mge}j kl }jg Rjk`krrklgs

‐Tje} jes jerrglgm tk}j }jgìss io rgmgs}qkel re}jte{s ks }je}rgir`g eqg lit il }jg jkdjte{

rw}}kld }jgkq `kvgs kl meldgq

agcewsg cinngqcke` ec}kvk}kgselm ias}qwc}kils jevg }efgl ivgqil }jg skmgte`fs,„ sekm Skldsil

Skldsil sekm }jg knr`gngl}e}kilio }jks el}k.ias}qwc}kil cenrekdl,tjkcj ks kl `klg tk}j }jg }jqws}io }jg MRTJ }i knrqivg qiemseog}{, qguwkqgs ri`k}kce` tk`èlm dqge}gq cinnwlkce}kil }idglgqe}g rwa`kc ciirgqe}kil

@es} Ne{, Skldsil ksswgmMgreq}ngl} Iqmgq 1; mkqgc}kld e``qgdkile` elm mks}qkc} gldklggqkldiostcgs }i s}qkc}`{ gloiqcgMgreq}ngl} Iqmgq Li 71 il}jg qgnive` io ias}qwc}kils elmrqijkak}gm wsgs tk}jkl }jg qkdj}.io.te{ io le}kile` qiems

MRTJ stg`m iostcke`s tgqgiqmgqgm }i ceqq{.iw} el klvgl}iq{io e`` k``gde` s}qwc}wqgs elmias}qwc}kils, klc`wmkld w}k`k}{ris}s eìld skmgte`fs elmsjiw`mgqs es tg`` es qgriq} }jgs}e}ws il qgnive` io k``gde`s}qwc}wqgs elm ias}qwc}kils ile nil}j`{ aesks }i }jg edglc{‛s

Awqgew io Nekl}glelcg




C[EL NEDGL]E[G@@ITA@ECF

gz}qes}iq{1222Bdnek`,cin ‡ awsklgssBns},rj

LI_GNAGQ 5:, 1251SWLME[ E=

Swlme{ OGE]WQGS NelkèS}elmeqm]IME[

Gmk}gm a{ Qimgqkcf }, mgè Cqwx

JG@GL mg` Qiseqki agìlds }i e c`ws}gq io Ok`krkli gzriq}gqstji tiqf }idg}jgq }i g`gve}g }jg s}e}ws io ceènelsk”}jg sne``ck}qws oqwk} si cinnil kl }jg Rjk`krrklgs k} ks wsgm es e cì}jgs s}eklqgnivgq

io ceènelsktiq m dg}s e }es}g]jg Sjg, jitgvgq, ag`kgvgs }je} ceènelsk ks }jg lgz}

akd }jkld kl }jg iqdelkc oiim elm agvgqedg klmws}q{}je} cel jg`r }jg Rjk`krrklgs dqit k}s s`wddksjgzriq}s klmws}q{

Mg` Qiseqki, tji ks }jg dglgqe` neledgq io oiimgzriq}gq Si{wx Oiims Kl}gqle}kile` Klc, qgè}gs }je}jgq ìvg eooekq tk}j ceènelsk agdel tk}j e sgeqcjoiq e swrgqoqwk} }je} cel rw} }jg Rjk`krrklgs il }jgtiq`m ner

‐S}wm{kld }jg rqist`g io }jg agvgqedg klmws}q{

eaqiem elm jit i}jgq ritgq oqwk}s nemg k} kl}i }jgkl}gqle}kile` je`` io oeng, klsrkqgm ng }i sgeqcj oiqe ìce` swrgqoqwk} tjkcj cel cinrg}g tk}j }jisgneqfg}gm eaqiem E oqwk} }je} cel il`{ ag }qecgm }i}jg Rjk`krrklgs elm cel rw} iwq ciwl}q{ il }jg tiq`mner,„ sjg se{s

‐K tes klsrkqgm a{ }jg ni}}i io Hig{ Cilcgrckilkl ilg io jks srggcjgs tjkcj ks }i uwi}g ‚}i agswccgssow` kl {iwq emvicec{ ilg jes }i s}eq} ìceàw} }jklf dìae`‛„

Ceènelsk, iq Ck}qioiq}wlg`è nkcqiceqre, dqitskl eawlmelcg e`` {geq ild kl }jg Rjk`krrklgs Flitloiq k}s s}qild siwq }es}g, }jg vgqse}k`g ceènelsk ks eoeviqk}g fieviqkld kl ice` mksjgs elm digs tg`` tk}jsi{ sewcg es e cilmkngl}

Ni}jgqs wsg ceènelsk es e le}wqe` c`gelsgq }je}qgnivgs s}ekl il cì}jgs tjk`g iqdelkc gl}jwskes}sqgcinnglm k} es e sfkl tjk}glgq ]jg oqgsj ceènelsk

hwkcg ks e`si rqini}gm es e req} io mkg} qgdknglCeènelsk es swrgqoqwk}

Mg` Qiseqki, il jgq req}, se{s sjg cjisg ceènelsk

agcewsg io ‐}jg wlkuwglgss io }jg oqwk}, }jg rgcw`keq}es}g tjkcj K cel mgscqkag es e neqqkedg ag}tggl`gnil elm nelmeqkl, elm }jg nedkc k} aqklds es k}qg`kgvgs ilg‛s }jkqs}„

‐]jks klsrkqgm ng }i mgvgìr }jg oqwk} elm nefg k}flitl kl }jg tiq`m,„ sjg emms

Mg` Qiseqki se{s Si{wx tes oiqngm }i rqimwcgelm neqfg} ìce` oqwk}s, swcj es ceènelsk, tk}j liemmk}kvgs iq rqgsgqve}kvgs Kl 1227, }jg cinrel{agdel e qgsgeqcj rqihgc} tk}j }jg Mgreq}ngl} io Sckglcg elm ]gcjliìd{‛s Klmws}qke` ]gcjliìd{Mgreq}ngl} Kls}k}w}g }i kmgl}ko{, }gs} elm mgvgìrrqicgssgs elm recfedkld }je} tiw`m e`ìt ceènelsk}i ag gzriq}gm }i i}jgq ciwl}qkgs

Kl Ne{ 122?, Si{wx Oiims agdel gzriq}kldle}wqe` ceènelsk gz}qec}, }errkld }jg rqimwc}kil io oeqngqs kl siw}jgql Rjk`krrklgs }i glswqg emguwe}gswrr`{ io qet ne}gqke`s

Mg` Qiseqki se{s }jgkq nekl rqimwc}, }jg rwqgceènelsk gz}qec} 522.rgqcgl} le}wqe` tk}j li

rqgsgqve}kvgs, ciw`m s}elm qiin }gnrgqe}wqg tk}jiw}qgoqkdgqe}kil

]jks cings kl mkoogqgl} recfedkld swcj es 172nài}}`g, 722 n` ai}}`g, 5 fd esgr}kc riwcj elm }jg AKA*aed kl }jg aiz+ tjkcj ks }jg aw`f skxg 12fd esgr}kcriwcj

‐K en e ag`kgvgq io xgqi.tes}g glvkqilngl} si K}jiwdj} io cilvgq}kld }jg rgg` elm }jg rw`r io n{ceènelsk kl}i mkg}eq{ stagq elm gssgl}ke` ik` tjkcjjes niqg ve`wg emmgm,„ sjg se{s

‐N{ vkskil ks }i gzriq} }jks ritgq oqwk} kl skld`gs}qgld}j, ritmgqgm oiqn elm cilcgl}qe}g tk}j uwe`k}{}je} ks eccgr}ea`g kl }jg kl}gqle}kile` neqfg},„ se{sMg` Qiseqki

Ceènelsk c`ws}gq]idg}jgq tk}j i}jgq req}kgs, Si{wx oiqngm

}jg ceènelsk c`ws}gq”e dqiwr io rqicgssiqs io ceènelsk.aesgm rqimwc}s tjisg nksskil ks }irqini}g }jg ceènelsk es e jge`}j{ mqklf elm es evgqse}k`g oqwk} tjkcj ks eccgr}ea`g kl }jg nekls}qgenneqfg} tiq`mtkmg

‐Es oiq Si{wx Oiims Kl}gqle}kile` Klc, n{ nksskilks }i oiqdg req}lgqsjkr tk}j oeqngqs elm oeqngqs‛dqiwrs }jqiwdj sws}eklea`g mgvgìrngl} klk}ke}kvgskl iqmgq }i nklknkxg rivgq}{ kl }jg oeqnkld sgc}iqs,„se{s Mg` Qiseqki

Si{wx cwqqgl}`{ gnrì{s 57 klmkvkmwe`s ‐]jgawsklgss ks rkcfkld wr Tg s}eq}gm neqfg}kld }jgrqimwc} Ne{ 1252 Geq`{ 1255, tg s}eq}gm gzriq}kldiwq rqimwc}s,„ sjg se{s

Mg Qiseqki se{s }jg rèl ks }i gzrelm kl }jg ow}wqg,

agdkllkld tk}j }jg cils}qwc}kil io sgvgqe oeck`k}kgsìce}gm lgeq }jg oeqns tjgqg }jg qet ne}gqke`s eqgeawlmel} ‐K} ks e ild.qeldg rèl }i }qekl }jg oeqngqs }iqwl }jg oec}iq{ }jgnsg`vgs kl iqmgq }i dkvg }jgn e cjelcg}i agcing gl}qgrqglgwqs }jgnsg`vgs,„ sjg se{s

Si{wx ks e`si ìifkld e} mgvgìrkld i}jgq rqimwc}swskld ceènelsk tjk`g s}wm{kld i}jgq ìce` oqwk}s }je}cel ag gzriq}gm

Mg` Qiseqki wlmgqs}elms }je} gzriq}kld ìceèdqkcw`}wqe` rqimwcg jes ilg io }jg akddgs} knrec}il }jg gcilin{

‐Tjgl K rw} wr }jg cinrel{, }jgqg eqg }jqgg cqk}gqkecilskmgqgm,„ sjg se{s ‐Li 5, }jg awsklgss sjiw`moicws il }jg oeqngqs, jglcg, cqge}g el e`}gqle}kvgneqfg} oiq }jgkq rqimwcg Kl }jks cesg, Si{wx Oiimsks e mkqgc} elm e`}gqle}kvg neqfg} vgqsws }jg sri}neqfg}„

‐Li 1, }jg awsklgss nws} jevg e nk`gs}ilg elme nw`}kr`kgq googc} }je} tk`` aglgst} }jg oeqnkldcinnwlk}{ es e tji`g elm Li 3, }jg awsklgss

sjiw`m li} cinrg}g tk}j }jg ìce`rqicgssiqs aw} kls}gem glea`g i}jgqawsklgssgs }i dqit elm gzrelm }jgneqfg},„ sjg se{s

Mg` Qiseqki se{s oek}j kl Dimelm jeqm tiqf glea`gm }jgn }ieccinr`ksj }jgkq die` Sjg emnk}s}je} tk}j }jg cje``gldgs }je} cengjgq te{, ‐ilg tiw`m }jklf }je} tg‛qgli ìldgq tiqfea`g, aw} a{ oek}j,

ciwqedg elm rgqsks}glcg, }jg awsklgssdi} tjgqg k} ks lit„

Irriq}wlk}kgsSjg se{s edqkcw`}wqg ioogqs

ves} irriq}wlk}kgs }i esrkqkldgl}qgrqglgwqs

‐Tje} K cel mi, {iw cel mi ag}}gqKo {iw tel} }i jg`r {iwq ciwl}q{, mi sing}jkld kl{iwq itl sne`` te{ aw} e`te{s dkvg {iwq ags} sji}Kl n{ cesg, K cjisg }i cil}qkaw}g }i iwq edqkcw`}wqg kle aqiemgq rgqsrgc}kvg a{ cilskmgqkld }jg lggms elm}jg sk}we}kil io }jg ceènelsk oeqngqs,„ sjg se{s

‐K ag`kgvg }je} dkvkld }jgsg oeqngqs }jg rqirgqgnritgqngl} }jqiwdj }jg veqkiws rqidqens s}eq}gma{ n{ cinrel{ elm tk}j }jg jg`r io sing lil.divgqlngl} iqdelkxe}kils }je} tg cel cqge}g erisk}kvg cjeldg kl }jg èlmscerg io iwq edqkcw`}wqg,„Mg` Qiseqki emms

Mg` Qiseqki ks ir}knks}kc eaiw} }jg ri}gl}ke` io }jgceènelsk es e }qw`{ Ok`krkli gzriq} rqimwc}

‐Tg eqg vgq{ ir}knks}kc }je} }jks ìt`{ oqwk} tk`àgcing }jg aellgq rqimwc} io }jg Rjk`krrklgs N{neqqkedg tk}j ceènelsk tk`` mgstlk}g`{ }efg wseqiwlm }jg tiq`m ]jks tk`` agcing e rjglingle`

rqimwc} kl }jg lgz} stvg {geqs,„ sjg se{s]i rqini}g ceènelsk es el gzriq} rqimwc}, Si{wx

Oiims Kl}gqle}kile` elm }jg Fe`.Nelsk c`ws}gq tk`` hikl}jg Kl}gqle}kile` Oiim Gzjkak}kil e} SNZ Cilvgl}kilCgl}gq kl Rese{ Ck}{ il Ne{ 5? }i 5;, 1253

KOGZ, }jg ciwl}q{‛s akddgs} gzriq}.iqkgl}gm oiimgvgl}, qgcidlkxgs }jg knnglsg ri}gl}ke` io }jgRjk`krrklg oiim klmws}q{ }i sg`` ìce``{ elm nefg k}akd kl}gqle}kile``{ Oiq niqg kloiqne}kil, vksk} ttt,kogzrjk`krrklgs,cin Q]M

A{ I}jg` _, Cenris

ILG jingdqitl aqelm kl }jg Rjk`krrklgs ks gzrelmkld ecqiss }jgdìag oes}gq }jel el{ i}jgq Ok`krkli cinrel{ Ri}e}i Ciqlgq, }jgciwl}q{‛s stqs} skdle}wqg fieviqgm oqkgs, ks lit ilg io }jg lgtgs}sglse}kil kl }jg WS, Relene, Neè{ske elm Klmilgske

Ri}e}i Ciqlgq cjkgo gzgcw}kvg Hisg ‐Hined„ Nedse{se{ se{s }jgcinrel{ ks aqelcjkld iw} }i niqg ciwl}qkgs elm ks kl }e`fs tk}jklvgs}iqs }i aqkld }jg aqelm }i Ngzkci, Cjkle, Lgt Xgeèlm, Herel,Ews}qe`ke, Siw}j Fiqge elm ]ektel }jqiwdj oqelcjkskld

‐Tg lgvgq }jiwdj} tg tk``cing }jks oeq ]jks ks gvgl niqg}jel tg jevg rèllgm oiq }jg

cinrel{ Tg hws} tel}gm }ijevg e }jqkvkld awsklgss kl }jgRjk`krrklgs Aw} tg eqg e`` niqg}jel dqe}gow` oiq }jg swccgss io }jks awsklgss,„ jg se{s

]jg WS klveskil a{ Ri}e}iCiqlgq ks gzrgc}gm }i klcqgesg k}siw}`g}s }i 522 s}iqgs a{ glm.1253elm }i eaiw} 5,222 s}iqgs ivgq}jg lgz} stvg }i sgvgl {geqs

‐K s}k`` qgngnagq vkvkm`{ jittg s}eq}gm iwq WS irgqe}kils]jgqg tes e ce`` oqin }jg WS a{e Ok`krkli knnkdqel} tji sekm}je} jg tes si gleniqgm a{ iwqrqimwc} }i }jg rikl} }je} jg, e} }kngs, og`} relds io jingskcflgss,„ jgse{s

‐]jks dw{ tes ilcg e fkm tji dqgt wr tk}j Ri}e}i Ciqlgq Jksoenk`{ oqguwgl}gm iwq aqelcj kl Dqgglag`} kl Nefe}k ]i nefg }jgìld s}iq{ sjiq}, tk}j iwq a`gssklds, jg tel}gm }i rw} wr jks itlRi}e}i Ciqlgq sjir kl }jg WS Si tg gl}gqgm kl}i e req}lgqsjkr elm

}jg qgs} ks jks}iq{ oiq Ri}e}i Ciqlgq WS,„ se{s Nedse{se{Okqs} Ri}e}i Ciqlgq fkisf

Ri}e}i Ciqlgq jem k}s vgq{ stqs} fkisf e} SN Ngdene`` klNelme`w{ild Ck}{ kl Ic}iagq 5;;1 Lit kl k}s 12}j {geq, }jg cinrel{jes eqiwlm 32: aqelcjgs le}kiltkmg elm eaqiem

‐Aw} k} tes lgvgq snii}j sek`kld oiq ws Tg glciwl}gqgm nel{nks}efgs }je} tg mggr`{ qgdqg}}gm Tg gzrgqkngl}gm tk}j lgtcilcgr}s }je} il`{ mqeklgm iwq cerk}e` Elm }jgqg tes }jg stlelcke`cqksks kl 5;;4 }je} mgckne}gm }jg rirwè}kil io iwq aqelcjgs }i =2oqin 522 le}kiltkmg ]kngs }jgl tgqg qge``{ mkostcw`} gsrgcke``{ oiq wrs}eq} awsklgssgs `kfg iwqs,„ se{s Nedse{se{

Nedse{se{ ks ilg io }jg oiwq iqkdkle` req}lgqs tji gs}ea`ksjgm }jgawsklgss kl 5;;1 Jks gzrgqkglcg tk}j oes}oiim cjekls jes geqlgm jkn}jg cqgmkak`k}{ }i qwl }jg irgqe}kils io }jg awsklgss

‐K di} e ce`` oqin n{ aqi}jgq.kl.èt, Qkcf{ Nil}g`kaeli, }i hikl}jg awsklgss ]jgqg tgqg e`qgem{ }jqgg req}lgqs }je} }kng K tes }jgoiwq}j elm }jg ès} ilg }i cing kl es req}lgq Tjgl K ceng kl, }jg{e`qgem{ jevg e cilcgr} elm }je} tes Ri}e}i Ciqlgq K tes ce``gm kl }iirgqe}kile`kxg }jg cilcgr},„ jg se{s

Nedse{se{ tes s}k`` gnrì{gm tk}j nw`}kle}kile` oes}oiim cjekl

Tglm{‛s tjgl jg di} }jg ce`Èskmg oqin Nedse{se{, i}jgq cinrel{ req}lgqs klc`wmg Hiqdg

Tkglgfg, Mell{ Agqnghi elm Qkcf{ Nil}g`kaeliKl 1225, }jg cinrel{ }jgl }iif kl e sto}j req}lgq, Hihi Nil}kliè, tji

tes kls}qwngl}e kl }jg mgvgìrngl} io }jg _ks)Nkl irgqe}kils Tk}j stvgreq}lgqs, }jg cinrel{ cjeldgm }jg ciqriqe}g leng }i Cklci Ciqr

Nedse{se{ se{s jg eccgr}gm }jg ioogq sklcg jg‛s kl mkqg lggm io cesj Jg lggmgm e req}.}kng hia eo}gq jks tkog devg akq}j }i }jgkq stqs}aiql kl }jg seng {geq Ri}e}i Ciqlgq tes gs}ea`ksjgm

Eo}gq e nil}j kl irgqe}kils, }jg cinrel{ lggmgm niqg nilg{}i gzrelm aw} oiq ècf io cerk}e`,cinrel{ itlgqs tgqg li} ea`g }inivg il

‐K gvgl }qkgm aiqqitkld nilg{oqin n{ fw{e tji tes, e} }je} }kng,

e ne{iq K }jiwdj} ne{iqs jevg niqg nilg{ Aw} K tes tqild K tes hws} aiqqitkld R34,722 aw} jg qgowsgm }i `glm ng K lgvgq esfgm oiqqgesil, si K hws} esswng }je} fw{es lgvgq tel}gm }i ìel }jg awlsi Kglmgm wr aiqqitkld oqin Qkcf{ VNil}g`kaeli^,„ jg se{s

Nil}g`kaeli, }jgl, jem e }jqkvkld fieviqgm rirciql awsklgss tjkcjtes tjgqg }jg kmge oiq Ri}e}i Ciqlgq ceng oqin

Tilmgqs io oqelcjkskld]jg cinrel{ nivgm il }i }jg ‐lgz} ags} }jkld„”oqelcjkskld ‐Si

kl iwq }jkqm nil}j io irgqe}kils, tg s}eq}gm oqelcjkskld ]je} tes}jg ags} mgckskil tg gvgq nemg es e dqiwr Tje}gvgq tg jevg qkdj}lit”}jg swccgss io }jg cinrel{, }jg a`gssklds, }jg irriq}wlk}kgs”tg e`` itg k} }i oqelcjkskld,„ se{s Nedse{se{

Hws} `kfg e`` ag}}gq aqelms, Ri}e}i Ciqlgq jes e wlkuwg qk}we` }je} tesrwqg`{ k}s itl ‐Tg s}eq}gm }jg sjefkld qk}we` Tg itl }je} qk}we` K}‛s

req} io }jg MLE io }jg cinrel{ ]je}, }jg fieviq elm }jg }es}g ks tje}Ri}e}i Ciqlgq ks e`` eaiw},„ Nedse{se{ se{s

Agoiqg esswnkld jks ris} es cjkgo gzgcw}kvg kl 1225, Nedse{se{tiqfgm ow`` }kng, stqs} tk}j Tglm{‛s tjgqg jg s}e{gm oiq lklg {geqs

elm }jgl e} Qenceq, irgqe}iq io Nq Milw} tjgqg jg tes }jg ciwl}q{dglgqe` neledgq oiq }jqgg {geqs sklcg 5;;:

‐K tes qge``{ }jelfow` }je} K tes dkvgl }jg cjelcg }i tiqf oiqQenceq ]jg{ e`ìtgm ng }i stlksj n{ mgdqgg oiq oqgg ]jg{ edqggm}i re{ oiq n{ }wk}kil eo}gq K uwe`kstgm oiq e Nes}gqs mgdqgg ilGl}qgrqglgwqsjkr e} }jg EKN VEskel Kls}k}w}g io Neledgngl}^ K} tese rqidqen tjgqgkl wlmgqdqemwe}gs kfg ng cel jevg e dqemwe}g mgdqggaesgm il gzrgqkglcg eìlg ]jgqg tgqg nel{ }gs}s, aw} n{ ìld.}gqngzrgqkglcg kl }jg uwkcf sgqvkcg qgs}ewqel}s tes ea`g }i dg} ng kl}i }jgrqidqen,„ jg se{s

Ngnagq io Nedse{se{ cèlMgsrk}g jevkld cing oqin }jg k``ws}qkiws Nedse{se{ cèl,

Nedse{se{ se{s jg tiqfgm jks te{ }i oglm oiq jks itl scjii`kld

eo}gq jks oe}jgq mkgm tjgl jg tes s}k`` {iwldIlg io jks wlc`gs rekm oiq jks }wk}kil e} Mgè Se``g Wlkvgqsk}{ tjgqg

jg tes glqi``gm wlmgq }jg Cinnwlkce}kils Eq}s rqidqenJg wsgm }i tiqf oiq jks ciwskl, Qenil Nedse{se{ Hq tjiitls e cea`g cinrel{ oiq jks tggf`{ e`ìtelcg

Jitgvgq, Nedse{se{ mgckmgm }i uwk} scjii` elm tiqfgmow`` }kng tjgl jg tes ioogqgm e neledgqke` risk}kil e}Tglm{‛s K} tes jks lkl}j {geq e} Tglm{‛s tjgl jg qgcgkvgmel ioogq }i req}lgq oiq Ri}e}i Ciqlgq

Nedse{se{ e`si jem e ak}}gq }es}g io ri`k}kcs tjgl jg qeles ciwlckìq kl Uwgxil Ck}{ kl 5;;4 g`gc}kils, aw} ìs} ‐Ktes qge``{ mgrqgssgm Oiq }ti nil}js, K s}e{gm e} jing hws}s`ggrkld elm s`ggrkld K jem li tiqf sklcg K uwk} }jg cinrel{es el iostcgq }jiwdj K s}e{gm es req}.itlgq ]jgl Qenceq ceng elm K tes ea`g }i qgmggn n{sgò ]je} irriq}wlk}{ tesenexkld Li} il`{ mkm K jgem }jg awsklgss kl }jg Rjk`krrklgs,K tes e`si dkvgl }jg cjelcg }i stlksj n{ s}wmkgs,„ jg se{s

Nedse{se{ tes ea`g }i di aecf }i qwllkld Ri}e}i Ciqlgqtjgl ilg io jks req}lgqs si`m iw} kl 1225 ‐Oqin }jgl il, Koicwsgm il }jg awsklgss Es CGI, K en rqiwm }je} K tes ea`g}i cil}qkaw}g }i }jg dqit}j io }jg awsklgss Tg eqg }jqkvkldTg eqg gzrelmkld Elm }jg akddgs} `gssil K `geqlgm ks }i }efgceqg io {iwq `wcf, io {iwq a`gsskld K} ks li} gvgq{me{ }je}

`wcf cings {iwq te{,„ jg se{sRèls elm lgt aqelms

Ri}e}i Ciqlgq ks cinkld wr tk}j lgt aqelms, lgt cilcgr}s }je} tk``gljelcg cinrel{ irgqe}kils kl 1253 ]jgqg eqg ildikld }e`fs oiq }jgecuwksk}kil io es nwcj es }jqgg aqelms }je} tk`` ag irgqe}gm sgreqe}g`{oqin Ri}e}i Ciqlgq

]jg cinrel{ rèls }i gs}ea`ksj e uwkcf sgqvkcg qgs}ewqel}, mgvke}kldoqin }jg Fkisf cilcgr}

‐Tg jevg Hi``kagg es iwq nimg` aw} il e sne``gq sce`g, io ciwqsgTg‛qg e`si emmkld agvgqedgs }i Ri}e}i Ciqlgq K} ks ilg io }jg kllive}kils}je} tg rèl }i kl}qimwcg a{ Mgcgnagq,„ se{s Nedse{se{

]jg cinrel{ ks e`si rèllkld }i awk`m niqg aqelcjgs kl }jg _kse{eselm Nklmelei kl 1253 }i }efg emvel}edg io }jg rirwèqk}{ io }jgaqelm

‐Kl iwq 12 {geqs io awsklgss, Ri}e}i Ciqlgq jes gvi`vgm li} il`{

es fkm‛s oeviqk}g oqkgs K} jes agcing e jiwsgji`m tiqm Gvgl dqitl.wrs cel qgè}g }i iwq rqimwc}, }jg seng te{ }jg{ qgè}g }i Hi``kagg iqNcMile`m‛s,„ Nedse{se{ se{s

E Ok`krkli aqelm ciluwgqs }jg WS





ns}me{mgsfBdnek`cin


Swlme{ OGE]WQGS NelkèS}elmeqm]IME[

Oqin aelfgq }i

kcg cqgen nefgqA{ Hw`k}i D, Qeme

OQIN aelfkld }i kcg cqgen awsklgss ]jks tes}jg re}j }qgemgm a{ Qkceqmi Cwle, }jg rqgskmgl} elmcjkgo gzgcw}kvg io Nk`fkl Ciqr, tjkcj gm jkn }iswccgss

G@GC]QILKCS dkel} Rjk`krs jes e Aqexk`kel agew}{ `gemkld k}s irgqe}kils kl}jg Rjk`krrklgs Oeake ]g}}gqii–Awgli tes errikl}gm kl Ic}iagq es }jg ciwl}q{neledgq io Rjk`krs G`gc}qilkcs elm @kdj}kld Klc

Sjg ivgqsggs }jg }jqgg awsklgss sgc}iqs io Rjk`krs kl }jg ciwl}q{”`kdj}kld,cilswngq `kogs}{`g elm jge`}jceqg elm glswqgs }je} gecj dqiwr ecjkgvgs k}sqgsrgc}kvg awsklgss iahgc}kvgs

E ceqggq neledgq, jgq rqiogsskile` rqist`g klc`wmgs s}kl}s kl Aqexk`, Dgqnel{,}jg Lg}jgqèlms, Cjkle elm lit }jg Rjk`krrklgs Sjg ks el evkm qgemgq elmciwl}s qgemkld, c`knakld, }qevg`kld elm `ks}glkld }i nwskc enild jgq jiaakgs

]g}}gqii–Awgli e`si sgqvgs es }jg dglgqe` neledgq oiq Rjk`krs‛ @kdj}kldsgc}iq, tjgqg sjg ks qgsrilska`g oiq knr`gngl}kld rèls elm s}qe}gdkgs }je} tk``jg`r dqit }jg cinrel{‛s neqfg} sjeqg kl }jg Rjk`krrklgs, }i owq}jgq si`kmko{ k}ss}elmkld es }jg ciwl}q{‛s gemkld kdj}kld aqelm

Kl jgq 5= {geqs tk}j Rjk`krs, sjg jes tiqfgm klveqkiws qgdkils elm jelm`gm qi`gs kl rwqcjeskld,swrr`{ cjekl neledgngl}, se`gs elm neqfg}kld

Agoiqg jgq errikl}ngl} kl }jg Rjk`krrklgs, sjgsgqvgm es }jg neqfg}kld mkqgc}iq oiq }jg Qg}ek` elmJisrk}e`k}{ sgdngl} kl Rjk`krs @kdj}kld Cjkle, tjgqg

sjg tes kls}qwngl}e` kl }jg cqge}kil io }jg }qemg elmsgdngl} neqfg}kld cjellg`s kl }jg qgdkil

Sjg ji`ms e Nes}gqs Mgdqgg kl AwsklgssNeledgngl}, srgcke`kxkld kl Oiqgkdl ]qemg, oqin}jg Wlkvgqskmemg Ng}imks}e kl Sei Rewì, Aqexk`

Lgt `kdj}kld rqimwc}s

Qgcgl}`{, ]g}}gqii–Awgli `gm }jg èwlcjkldio Rjk`krs‛ lgt `kdj}kld rqimwc}s Gcjikld}jg ag`kgo }je} ‐Jing ks tjgqg }jg jgeq} ks„,Rjk`krs wlvgk`gm k}s lgtgs} qeldg io s}{`ksjelm vgqse}k`g @GM jing `kdj}kld si`w}kils,}i emmqgss }jg dqitkld mgnelm io Ok`krklicilswngqs oiq uwe`k}{ `kdj}kld rqimwc}s }je}cinaklg s}{`g elm owlc}kile`k}{

‐@kdj} ks niqg }jel }wqlkld il iq ioo e stk}cj K} cel nefg e mkoogqglcg }i{iwq `kog elm {iwq jing, eoogc} {iwq niim elm }qelsoiqn e qiin kl el kls}el}Tk}j }jg wsg io Rjk`krs @GM kdj}kld si`w}kils, }jgqg eqg niqg risskak`k}kgs }jelagoiqg,„ sjg se{s

‐Rjk`krs ks cinnk}}gm }i ow``{ wlmgqs}elmkld }jg lggms io k}s cilswngqsKllive}kil elm mgskdl ks fg{ }i iwq @GM `kdj}kld si`w}kils Tg cil}klwiws`{

s}qkvg }i mgvgìr kllive}kvg `kdj}kld si`w}kils }je} cel owq}jgq gljelcg }jguwe`k}{ io rgir`g‛s kvgs,„ se{s ]g}}gqii.Awgli

‐A{ wskld Rjk`krs‛ @GM kdj}kld si`w}kils, jingitlgqs cel }qelsoiqn srecgselm gljelcg }jg ivgqe`` jwnel gzrgqkglcg Tg dkvg iwq cilswngqs }jg wlkuwgirriq}wlk}{ }i sgg elm gzrgqkglcg kog, es tg`` es k}s rqgckiws ningl}s, }jqiwdje c`geqgq, niqg ciìqow` rgqsrgc}kvg,„ sjg se{s

]jqiwdj k}s cinrqgjglskvg @GM kdj}kld qeldg }je} ioogqs enrs, wnklekqgs,elm cil}qi`èa`g enakglcg si`w}kils, jingitlgqs cel }qelsoiqn jiwsgskl}i jings, fk}cjgls elm mklkld qiins kl}i eqges }je} rqini}g ailmkld elmoqkglmsjkr, s}wmkgs kl}i jevgls io `geqlkld elm klsrkqe}kil elm agmqiins kl}icix{ selc}weqkgs

Rjk`krs ks mgmkce}gm }i qg`gesg }jg ri}gl}ke` io `kdj} }jqiwdj ngelkldow`kllive}kil elm s}{`ksj mgskdls Kl emmk}kil, k}s mkvgqsg qeldg io figzka`g elmcis}.googc}kvg @GM `kdj}kld si`w}kils rqini}gs gostckgl}.glgqd{ cilswnr}kil,tk}j sws}ekleak`k}{ elm qgsrgc} oiq }jg glvkqilngl} es k}s ciqg ve`wgs Niqg}jel }jg eak`k}{ }i cil}qi` g`gc}qkck}{ cilswnr}kil, kdj} kl}glsk}{, elm ciìq, }jgRjk`krs @GM `kdj}kld si`w}kils jg`r cilswngqs agcing niqg nklmow` io }jgglvkqilngl}

Rjk`krs mkvgqsg qeldg io @GM `kdj}kld si`w}kils ks evekèa`g kl e`` Rjk`krss}iqgs, elm kl ivgq 32 aqelcjgs io Tk`cil Jing Mgri} le}kiltkmg

Glgqd{ rqiogsskile` io }jg {geq, Jgqnel Miqine` Qia`gs, 33, e qgdks}gqgm g`gc}qkce` gldklggq oqin }jg NerweKls}k}w}g io ]gcjliìd{ elm e Sklderiqg cgq}kstgm glgqd{ neledgq, jes aggl cjisgl elm eteqmgm ]jg [iwld Glgqd{ Rqiogsskile` io }jg [geq a{ }jg Essicke}kil io Glgqd{ Gldklggqs EGG ks e 37.{geq i`m essicke}kil tk}j :7 ngnagq ciwl}qkgs, ags} flitl oiq kssw.kld kcglsgs }i agcing e cgq}kstgm glgqd{ neledgq, cgq}kstgm glgqd{ ewmk}iq, cgq}kstgm qglgtea`g gldklggq, elm }jg kfgs Sjitl ksJgqnel rgqsile``{ qgcgkvkld jks eteqm *oqin go}+ oqin Gqkc Tiimqiio, cjekqnel io }jg Oiwlme}kil Aieqm io EGG elm @eqq{ Diim,mkqgc}iq io Kl}gqle}kile` Ngnagqsjkr Mgvgìrngl} mwqkld }jg qgcgl} Tiq`m Gldklggqkld Cildqgss jg`m kl E}èl}e, WSE

Nk`fkl Ciqr sg``s mkoogqgl} fieviqs io K}e`kel.s}{`g kcg cqgen kl }jg ciwl}q{,klc`wmkld Okiqdgè}i *}jg rwqg K}e`kel kcgcqgen+

‐K cing oqin e oenk`{ aiql elmqeksgm kl Nelkè K dqemwe}gm oqin SelAgme Ci``gdg, tk}j mgdqgg kl Aecjgìqio Sckglcg nehiq kl Neledgngl} elmNeqfg}kld,„ Cwle se{s

Eo}gqteqms, jg }iif wr jks Nes}gqsmgdqgg e} }jg Eskel Kls}k}w}g io Neledgngl}elm è}gq il, aelfkld elm stlelcg ciwqsgs

e} }jg E}glgi Awsklgss Scjii`Jg tiqfgm oiq }jg E{eè.cil}qi``gm

Aelf io }jg Rjk`krrklg Ksèlms es rqimwc} iostcgq wl}k` 5;:: ‐K cil}klwgmn{ aelfkld ceqggq es vkcg rqgskmgl} io Gzriq} elm Klmws}q{ Aelf oqin 5;;4 }i1223,„ Cwle se{s

Jg qgce``s }je} jg s}eq}gm }jg dgè}i awsklgss il`{ es e jiaa{ aecf kl 5;;1

‐Okiqdgè}i‛s stqs} iw}`g} tes gs}ea`ksjgmkl Ng}qi Nelkè kl 5;;1 tk}j lklggnrì{ggs,„ Cwle se{s, emmkld jg jem }i`gevg jks aelfkld ceqggq }i cilcgl}qe}gil }jg dgè}i awsklgss

]i glswqg }jg swccgss io jks awsklgss,Cwle wlmgq}iif mkoogqgl} }qeklklds elmoiqne` gmwce}kil eaqiem il kcg cqgennefkld

Kcg cqgen gmwce}kil‐K dqemwe}gm oqin Rgll S}e}g

Wlkvgqsk}{ kl Rglls{`velke, WSE oiq

}jg Sckglcgs elm Kcg Cqgen ]gcjliìd{K e`si glqi``gm kl }jg Ceqrkdkelk Dgè}iScjii`s elm Rqgdg` Dgè}i Scjii`, ai}joqin Liq}j Ceqi`kle, WSE,„ jg se{s

Cwle ks e`si e dqemwe}g io Cgq}kstgmOqelcjksg Gzgcw}kvg oqin LiveSiw}jges}gql Wlkvgqsk}{ kl }jg WS

Jg se{s e`` }jgsg }qeklklds }ewdj} jkn}jg kls elm iw}s elm è}gs} }gcjliìdkgs

oiq kcg cqgen elm dgè}i rqimwc}kil elmnelwoec}wqkld

Nk`fkl Ciqr tes gs}ea`ksjgm kl 5;:;wlmgq e Ok`krkli.K}e`kel awsklgss vgl}wqg]jg cinrel{ s}eq}gm es mgskdlgq‛s kcgcqgen nelwoec}wqkld cinrel{ cqge}gm}i oiqnwè}g }ekìqgm kcg cqgen rqimwc}s

]jks srgcke``{.rqgreqgm kcg cqgence}gqgm }i tg``.flitl qgs}ewqel}s, ji}g`selm oiim cjekls kl e ‐rqkve}g èag`kld„eqqeldgngl}

Okiqdgè}i mks}qkaw}iqTk}jkl }jg seng {geq, }jg cinrel{

tes e`si dqel}gm gzc`wskvg qkdj}s oqinK}e`{ }i nelwoec}wqg, sg`` elm mks}qkaw}gOkiqdgè}i oiq }jg Rjk`krrklg neqfg} K}cqge}gm e akd oi`ìtkld enild }jg EAneqfg}, tjkcj nemg Okiqdgè}i ‐}jg kcgcqgen io }jg g`k}g„

Cinreqgm }i }jg qgdwèq kcg cqgen kl }jg

neqfg}, Cwle se{s dgè}i ks jge`}jkgq es k}jes `gss oe}s elm swdeq aw} ks ag}}gq.}es}kldJg se{s dgè}i ks oeniws oiq agkld }jg

il`{ kcg cqgen nemg oqin 522.rgqcgl}rwqg oqgsj nk`f elm tk}j }jg jkdjgs} uwe`k}{io knriq}gm kldqgmkgl}s oqin K}e`{

Sknkèq }i i}jgq figmd`kld awsklgssgs,Okiqdgè}i e`si jem k}s sjeqg io s}qwdd`gselm ias}ec`gs }je} lggmgm }i ag jwqm`gmeìld }jg te{

‐@kfg el{ i}jgq awsklgss vgl}wqg, k} tesqge``{ e s}qwdd`g oiq }jg stqs} ogt {geqs io irgqe}kil Nelritgq elm stlelcke` oec}iqstgqg cqk}kce Tg tgqg `wcf{ }i jevge rqgnkwn rqimwc} tjkcj tes irgl`{re}qilkxgm a{ }jg neqfg},„ jg se{s

Neqfg} lkcjgTk}j k}s itl neqfg} lkcjg, Cwle

se{s Okiqdgè}i mkm li} jevg nwcjcinrg}k}kil, gsrgcke``{ oqin akd kcgcqgen nefgqs kl }jg ciwl}q{

‐Okiqdgè}i tes cilskmgqgm el g`k}gkcg cqgen aqelm tjkcj jes k}s itllkcjg neqfg} K} tes lgvgq cilskmgqgmes e cinngqcke` kcg cqgen sklcg k} tescilskmgqgm }jgl elm lit es e swrqgngaqelm io k}s itl cèss neqfg} mks}klc}oqin }jg qgs},„ Cwle gzrèkls

Si, tje} rqirg``gm Okiqdgè}i }iswccgss9 ‐Eskmg oqin }jg rqgnkwn jkdjs}elmeqms io diim uwe`k}{ kldqgmkgl}selm dgè}i oiqnwè}kil, }jg cinrel{‛sivgqe`` jkdj s}elmeqms io neledkld elmirgqe}kld k}s }i}e`k}{ tes }jg akddgs}oec}iq oiq k}s swccgss,„ se{s Cwle

Cwle se{s Okiqdgè}i cwqqgl}`{ jes72 iw}`g}s eccwnwè}gm kl e srel io 12{geqs io irgqe}kils ‐]jgsg eqg ìce}gmkl @wxil, _kse{es elm Nklmelei, tk}jeost`ke}g aqelms irgqe}kld kl Neè{ske,Herel elm }jg Wlk}gm S}e}gs Tg jevg e}i}e` io 47 fieviqs, io tjkcj Rks}eccki,Ckiciè}i elm Oqediè Vs}qetagqq{^ eqg}ir fieviqs,„ Cwle se{s

Okiq CeogKl 1222, Okiqdgè}i e`si kl}qimwcgm

}jg Okiq Ceog oiq cioogg mqklfgqs, eli}jgqrqimwc} tjkcj e`si jes k}s itl neqfg}lkcjg

Cwle se{s Okiqdgè}i tes ea`g }i nkzdgè}i elm cioogg kl ilg s}iqg tjkcj ks}jg iqkdkle` K}e`kel sg}wr

Okiqdgè}i jes rglg}qe}gm veqkiwskls}k}w}kils swcj es scjii`s, gzjkak}je``s, qgs}ewqel}s, ji}g`s, cioogg sjirs,

aefg sjirs, iostcg ìwldgs elm sciirklds}e}kils

Cwle ks e s}ewlcj emvice}g io oqelcjkskldkl }jg ciwl}q{, agkld }jg gzgcw}kvg vkcgrqgskmgl} io }jg Essicke}kil io Ok`krkliOqelcjksgqs Klc, el essicke}kil io awsklgssgl}k}kgs }je} rqini}gs elm swrriq}s }jgwr`ko}ngl} io ice` jingdqitl awsklgssgselm gl}qgrqglgwqs

‐EOOK jes e`te{s rqini}gm elmswrriq}gm }jg wr`ko}ngl} io iwq jingdqitlawsklgssgs elm gl}qgrqglgwqs Tg kl }jgessicke}kil jes e`te{s glciwqedgm }jgve`wgs io qgsrilska`g oqelcjkskld kl }jgciwl}q{,„ jg se{s

Cwle se{s eskmg oqin dg}}kld }jg ow``swrriq} io }jg divgqlngl}, gsrgcke``{oqin }jg ]qemg Mgreq}ngl}, }jgqg eqg s}k``nwcj }i ag milg }i jg`r oqelcjksgqs kl }jgciwl}q{

‐]jgsg klc`wmg niqg rqidqens }iswrriq} ìce` gl}qgrqglgwqs, }i dwkmg}jgn oqin kloel} s}edg elm oiq }jgkq

dqit}j Niqg rqidqens oiq irgqe}kileèlm stlelcke` essks}elcg,„ jg se{s

Kl 1255, }jg oqelcjkskld sgc}iq qgciqmgm-55 ak``kil kl se`gs, iq e 54.rgqcgl}dqit}j oqin -;= ak``kil kl 1252 Elmaesgm il e Wlkvgqsk}{ io Eske elm }jgReckstc qgriq}, oqelcjkskld jes ecciwl}gmoiq 7 rgqcgl} io }jg ciwl}q{‛s }i}e` dqissmings}kc rqimwc} kl 1255

Cwle se{s oqelcjkskld es ìld es k}‛swsgm tk}jkl }jg aeskc s}elmeqms io rqirgqawsklgss rqklckr`gs elm g}jkcs ‐ks ergqogc} vgjkc`g oiq e cinrel{‛s dqit}jiq gzrelskil„

Oqelcjkskld, jg se{s, ks }jg ags} te{oiq e s}eq}.wr gl}qgrqglgwq }i vgl}wqgkl}i e lgt awsklgss tk}jiw} s}eq}kld oqinscqe}cj

Oqelcjksg cilcgr}Okiqdgè}i s}eq}gm k}s oqelcjkskld

rqidqen kl 5;;; Cwle se{s Okiqdgè}i‛soqelcjksg cilcgr} ks ‐}i sjeqg iwqswccgssow` awsklgss cilcgr} }i kl}gqgs}gmklmkvkmwe`s tji ag`kgvg }je} iwq oqelcjksgawsklgss rqidqens ks io }jgkq kl}gqgs} elm}jg qkdj} ilg oiq }jgn„

Cwle se{s kl essgsskld e rqisrgc}kvgoqelcjksgg oiq Okiqdgè}i, }jg{ eqgìifkld oiq oqelcjksggs tji jevg }jg

seng resskil elm kl}gqgs} tk}j }jgn esoqelcjksiqs ‐Tg klvifg }i }jgn }jgnksskil elm vkskil io tje} Okiqdgè}i kse`` eaiw},„ jg se{s

Jg se{s Okiqdgè}i‛s oqelcjkskldrecfedgs qeldg oqin R372,222 oiq ceq}}{rg6 R;22,222 oiq fkisf }{rg6 elm R5:nk``kil *oiq }jg ci.aqelmkld Okiqdgè}i.Okiq Ceog+ oiq ciwl}gq }{rg tk}j sge}kldcereck}{ Jg se{s }jgsg recfedgs klc`wmgklvgl}iq{, guwkrngl} elm }qeklkld

Nk`fkl Ciqr‛s nekl iostcg ks e} 51?3 Dgl@wle S} Gqnk}e, Nelkè K} cel ag qgecjgm}jqiwdjnk`fklYnf}dB{ejii,cin,

Aqexk`kel em{lit `gems Rjk`krs

G`gc}qilkcs kl RJ

O ea k e ] g } } g q i i . A w g li



A{ Qkcjeqm Hevem Jg{meqkel

Okqs} io }ti req}s

NELK@E”E} }jg qgcgl}`{ cilc`wmgmWL Dglgqe` Essgna`{ kl Lgt [iqf,Rjk`krrklg Oiqgkdl Sgcqg}eq{ Eàgq} mg`Qiseqki nemg el gnrje}kc srggcj }iqe``{ dìae` swrriq} oiq jks ciwl}q{‛sqw`g io èt risk}kil vks.e.vks Cjkle ivgqildikld }gqqk}iqke` mksrw}gs kl }jg Siw}jCjkle Sge

‐]ime{ n{ ciwl}q{ oecgs k}s nis} sgqk.iws cje``gldg }i }jg sgcwqk}{ io k}s neqk.}kng minekl elm kl}gdqk}{ io k}s le}kile`}gqqk}iq{, es tg`` es k}s googc}kvg rqi}gc.}kil io k}s neqklg glvkqilngl},„ sekmMg` Qiseqki ‐]jg WL Cilvgl}kil il}jg @et io }jg Sge jes lgvgq aggl niqg

qg`gvel} }jel k} ks }ime{, e`` S}e}gs nws}qgsrgc} }jgkq ia`kde}kils }i sg}}`g }jgkqneqk}kng mksrw}gs a{ rgecgow` ngels,tk}jiw} }jqge}s iq wsg io oiqcg wlmgqWLC@IS„

Kl e vgk`gm cqk}kcksn io Cjkle‛s dqit.kld essgq}kvglgss, jg ce``gm oiq e ‐qw`g.aesgm errqiecj„ }i evikm tgefgq ciwl.}qkgs oqin agkld oiqcgm }i eccgr} }je}

‐nkdj} ks qkdj}„ Jks srggcj tes e c`geqerrge` oiq dqge}gq kl}gqle}kile` kl}gqvgl.}kil tjk`g riq}qe{kld }jg Rjk`krrklgs ese qgsrilska`g ngnagq io }jg kl}gqle.}kile` cinnwlk}{”elm li} hws} el kl.s}qwngl} io Engqkce‛s ‐rkvi}„ }i Eske }icil}ekl Cjkle

@ecfkld e cqgmka`g mg}gqqglcg cereak`.k}{, }jg Rjk`krrklgs ks lit riwqkld niqg}kng elm glgqd{ kl}i k}s mkrìnec{, gsrg.cke``{ }iteqms }jg Essicke}kil io Siw}j.ges} Eskel Le}kils *ESGEL+ El ESGELSwnnk} ngg}kld }i ag jg`m kl Cenaimkeè}gq }jks nil}j tk`` ag e}}glmgm a{ dìae``gemgqs, klc`wmkld WS Rqgskmgl} Aeqecf Iaene, elm tk`` ag cìsg`{ te}cjgm oiqrqidqgss il }jg Siw}j Cjkle Sge ksswg

]jg 52.ngnagq dqiwrkld‛s wswe`cilsglsws aqifg mitl geq`kgq }jks {geqtjgl k}s ngnagqs oek`gm }i ksswg e hikl}

cinnwlkuwg mwg }i mkoogqglcgs io irkl.kil il }jg Siw}j Cjkle Sge Tjk`g Ne.lkè jes gzrqgssgm k}s cinnk}ngl} }iw}k`kxg e`` kls}qwngl}s io le}kile` ritgq,klc`wmkld qgvk}e`kxgm akè}gqe` nk`k}eq{}kgs tk}j }jg WS, }i mgoglm k}s }gqqk}iqke`cèkns kl }jg Siw}j Cjkle Sge, mkrìne.c{ errgeqs }i jevg nivgm }i }jg cgl}gqio k}s ivgqe`` s}qe}gd{

]jgqg eqg aeskce``{ }jqgg qgesils oiq}jks s}qe}gdkc sjko}8

‡ @kldgqkld miwa}s eaiw} }jg gz}gl}io }jg WS‛s cinnk}ngl} }i }jg Rjk`kr.rklgs‛ mgoglsg, gsrgcke``{ kl }jg gvgl}io mkqgc} ciloqil}e}kil tk}j Cjkleivgq mksrw}gm }gqqk}iqkgs

‡ E dqitkld gnrjesks il qgrekqkld}kgs tk}j Cjkle, sg}}kld }jg s}edg oiqag}}gq qgè}kils tk}j }jg klcinkld lgt`gemgqsjkr kl Agkhkld

‡ Klcqgeskld cilstmglcg kl elESGEL.`gm nw`}kè}gqe` errqiecj, tk}jAqwlgk *e req}{ }i ildikld cilfikc}s kl}jg Siw}j Cjkle Sge+ riksgm }i }efgivgq }jg qi}e}kile` cjekqnelsjkr io }jgiqdelkxe}kil oqin Cenaimke *e s}ewlcje``{ io Cjkle+ Kl qgcgl} nil}js, }jgRjk`krrklgs‛ mkrìne}kc iooglskvg jesnivgm oiqteqm il nw`}kr`g `gvg`s Il

ilg jelm, }jg Rjk`krrklgs jes s}grrgm.wr k}s mkqgc} akè}gqe` mkrìnec{ }iteqmsCjkle eo}gq el geq`kgq aecfmiiq e}}gnr} aecfstqgm, cqge}kld owq}jgq ecqknil{ elmmkvkskil tk}jkl Nelkè‛s `gemgqsjkrQgcgl} klmkce}kils eqg }je} }jg Euwkliemnklks}qe}kil ks fggl }i cqge}g e niqgrisk}kvg e}nisrjgqg enkm }jg jkdj`{sglsk}kvg `gemgqsjkr }qelsk}kil kl Cjkle

Itkld }i }jg skdlkstcelcg io akè}.gqe` gcilinkc }kgs, }jg Rjk`krrklgs jesagcing niqg cew}kiws kl rqihgc}kld k}smggrglkld nk`k}eq{ qgè}kils tk}j }jgWS Kl qgcgl} tggfs, }ir Ok`krkli iost.cke`s, erreqgl}`{ cilsckiws io Cjkle‛scils}el} elm teq{ dexg, jevg li}ea`{}ilgm mitl }jgkq qjg}iqkc

Nelkè jes cilsks}gl}`{ akm }i es.swedg Cjkle‛s s}qe}gdkc elzkg}kgs}jqiwdj qgesswqelcgs }je} hikl} nk`k.}eq{ gzgqcksgs tk}j }jg WS eqg ngqg`{mgoglskvg kl le}wqg qe}jgq }jel ekngme} Cjkle ]jg Rjk`krrklgs jes eme.nel}`{ gnrjeskxgm }je} k}s nk`k}eq{ciirgqe}kil tk}j }jg WS ks oicwsgm ilniqg aglkdl Lil.]qemk}kile` Sgcwqk}{*L]S+ ksswgs qe}jgq }jel ai`s}gqkld k}sSiw}j Cjkle Sge cèkns

]jg Rjk`krrklgs nis} knriq}el} mkr.

ìne}kc ciwr, jitgvgq, ceng }jqiwdjk}s qgcgl} jis}kld io }jg }jkqm ESGELNeqk}kng Oiqwn *ENO+, tjkcj aqiwdj}}idg}jgq `gemkld gzrgq}s es tg`` es jkdj.`gvg` qgrqgsgl}e}kvgs oqin ecqiss }jgReckstc ]jg oiqwn rqivkmgm e cqwcke`rè}oiqn oiq Nelkè }i qgoicws ESGELgooiq}s il }jg ksswg io neqk}kng sgcwqk}{,gnrjeskxkld }jg lggm oiq qgdkile` si`k.

meqk}{ elm klcqgesgm ciirgqe}kilNelkè jem geq`kgq oek`gm }i tkl swo.

stckgl} swrriq} oiq k}s mkrìne}kc rqi.rise`s, gsrgcke``{ qgdeqmkld e aklmkldqgdkile` Cimg io Cilmwc} *CiC+ oiq }jgSiw}j Cjkle Sge mwqkld ai}j }jg 1255ESGEL Qgdkile` Oiqwn *EQO+ kl Kl.milgske ]jg 1251 ESGEL Nklks}gqke`Ngg}kld *ENN+ kl Cenaimke, tjgqga{Rjlin Rglj”e``gdgm`{ wlmgq Agkhkld‛sklfiwglcg”aìcfgm gvgl }jg klc`wskilio }jg ildikld mksrw}gs kl }jg Siw}jCjkle Sge kl }jg stle` cinnwlkuwg

Tk}j }jg oe}g io e qgdkile` CiC kl kn.ai elm dqitkld cilcgqls ivgq s}qe}gdkcqko}s tk}jkl }jg ESGEL, }jg Rjk`krrklgsks mgsrgqe}g }i klhgc} sing `kog aecf kl}ik}s mkrìne}kc gooiq}s elm s}ggq e niqgwlkstgm qgdkile` errqiecj

Cilc`wmgm }iniqqit

Qkcjeqm Hevem Jg{meqkel ks e oiqgkdleooekqs ele`{s} aesgm kl Nelkè, Jg celag qgecjgm e} hqjg{meqkelBdnek`,cin,

Qgrqkl}gm ciwq}gs{ io Eske ]kngs Il.`klg, @klf }i }jg iqkdkle` eq}kc`g8 j}}r8)) ttt,e}kngs,cin)e}kngs)Siw}jYEske) LF5?Eg21,j}n`


Nwqf{ ow}wqgsGMK]IQKE@Nilwngl}e`

kl}qelskdglcg

Nelkè remm`gs jeqmgq kl }jg Siw}j Cjkle Sge

Rwa`ksjgm Nilme{ }i Se}wqme{ a{ Fenejeèl Rwa`ksjkld Ciqriqe}kil e} 3qmOìiq Wlkvgqse` Qg Awk`mkld, 52? Resgi mgQizes ciqlgq Rgqge S}qgg}, @gdesrk _k`èdg,Nefe}k Ck}{ ]g`grjilg lwnagqs ?7;.=:32*cillgc}kld e`` mgreq}ngl}s+, ?7;.=:1?6

Nelkè

S}elmeqm]IME[

NGNAGQ

Rjk`krrklg Rqgss Kls}k}w}g]jg Le}kile` Essicke}kilio Rjk`krrklg LgtsrergqsRRK

IL@KLGcel ag eccgssgm e}8ttt,nelkès}elmeqm}ime{,cin

NS]

QI@ELMI D GS]EAK@@I Rwa`ksjgq QENILCJK]I @ ]ING@MEL Neledkld Gmk}iq

OQELCKS @EDLK]IL Lgts Gmk}iq EQNEL EQNGQI Sglkiq Mgsfnel

GMK]J M ELDG@GS Emvgq}kskld Neledgq GMDEQ N _E@NIQKME Ckqcwè}kil Neledgq

NEQKGQISG ELD Dqerjkc Mgskdl@KLI SEL]IS Rji}i

IRKLKIL EMG@@G CJWE EQ]S / @KOG MKLLE _ESUWGX

S}eoo CEQ@E NIQ][email protected] DQECG CIQ]GX

]GCJ NEQ@IL NED]KQE CJQKS]KEL CEQMKGL]G

AWSKLGSS QIMGQKCF MG@E CQWXSRIQ]S QGWG@ _KME@

?7;.=:14 *Gmk}iqke`+, ?7;.=:23, ?7;.=:21 *Emvgq}kskld+, 714.725? *Se`gs elmMks}qkaw}kil)Swascqkr}kil+ elm 714.1274 *Cqgmk} elm Ci``gc}kil+ Oez lwnagqs8?7;.=:2= *Emvgq}kskld+ elm 714.?=2?*Swascqkr}kil+ RI Aiz 1;33, NelkèCgl}qe` Ris} Iookcg, Nelkè Tgask}g8

tttnelkès}elmeqm}ime{cinG.nek`8ns}Bnelkès}elmeqm}ime{cin

Swlme{ NS]

QIDG@KI C SE@EXEQ Rqgskmgl} / CGI

ns}`g}}gq}i}jgmk}iqBdnek`cin

LI_GNAGQ 5:, 1251SWLME[ E?


Swlme{

IRKLKIL NelkèS}elmeqm]IME[

]JG ew}jiqs io }jg qgrqimwc.}kvg jge`}j ak`` jevg agl} ivgqaecfteqms il si nel{ rikl}sio Jiwsg Ak`` =1== k}‛s e til.mgq }jg{ eqg s}k`` ea`g }i s}elmwrqkdj} ]jg englmngl}s tgqgnemg kl iqmgq }i”l }jg tiqmsio rqklckre` ew}jiq Qgr Gmcg`@ednel”‐emmqgss }jg iahgc.}kils, qgsgqve}kils elm cilcgqlsio irrisk}iqs„

]i me}g, }jg lwnagq io englm.ngl}s }je} jevg aggl kl}qimwcgm}i eccinnime}g }jg Ce}ji`kcCjwqcj jes qgecjgm niqg }jel12 ]jgsg englmngl}s eqgli} sknr`g cisng}kc cjeldgsiq ngqg qjg}iqkce` mksciwqsgs6kl oec} sing io }jg rqirisgmenglmngl}s qgrqgsgl} e mqes}kc}wql kl kmgiìd{ K mil‛} jevgsrecg kl }jks ci`wnl }i glw.ngqe}g e`` io }jg qgvkskils }je}qgrqgsgl} e nehiq cilcgsskilSwostcg k} }i se{ }je} K rgqsile``{}jklf }je} }jg rqirisgm englm.ngl}s jevg te}gqgm mitl }jggssglcg io }jg QJ ak``

Si tje} mkm @ednel elm cin.rel{ dg} oiq }jgkq sklcgqg elmgeqlgs} gooiq}s9 Li}jkld Xk`cjLeme ]jg Ce}ji`kc Cjwqcj elmk}s e``kgm iqdelkxe}kils jevg qg.neklgm s}gemoes} kl }jgkq iahgc.}kil }i }jg ak``”tje}gvgq oiqniq swas}elcg k} jes }efgl iqng}eniqrjisgm kl}i

@es} ]jwqsme{, Livgnagq 57,ow``.redg ems errgeqgm kl }ti`gemkld mek`kgs ènaes}kld }jgrqirisgm englmngl}s }i }jgQJ ak`` ]jg tji`g.redg emstgqg }jg risk}kil rergqs io }tiritgqow` Ce}ji`kc Cjwqcj iq.delkxe}kils, leng`{, }jg Ce}ji.`kc Aksjirs Cilogqglcg io }jgRjk`krrklgs Grkscire` Cinnks.skil il Oenk`{ elm @kog elm }jgCiwr`gs oiq Cjqks} Oiwlme}kiloiq Oenk`{ @kog ]jg ems sknr`{qgjesjgm rqgvkiws iahgc}kilselm qgsgqve}kils

Kl oec}, ilg sgl}glcg oqin }jg5:.reqedqerj em `k}gqe``{ hwnrsioo }jg redg elm googc}kvg`{swns wr }jg ngssedg8 ‐Tje} ks*swrrisgm`{+ tqild tk}j }jg ak``ks }jg ak`` k}sgò„ Jit migs ilgeqdwg tk}j }jks essgq}kil9 K}‛se`qgem{ e aèlfg} mglwlcke}kilio }jg QJ ak``

Kl sjiq}, }jg Cjwqcj jes li}awmdgm, liq jes k} sjitl el{ kl.mkce}kil }je} k} gvgq tiw`m il }jgne}}gq io qgrqimwc}kvg jge`}j

]jks jes li} cing es e swqrqksg}i nel{ K jevg rgqsile``{ agglrwsjkld }i dg} }jg QJ ak`` vi}gmwril e`qgem{ Es K jevg tqk}}gl

nel{ }kngs kl rqgvkiws ci`.wnls, }jg Ce}ji`kc Cjwqcjelm k}s e``kgm dqiwrs io qg`k.dkiws xgeì}s tk`` li} cjeldg}jgkq nklms il }jg ak`` K} ksow}k`g }i gl}gq kl}i el{ mks.cwsskil iq lgdi}ke}kil tk}j}jgn ]jgqg ks easi`w}g`{

li}jkld }i mkscwss Gvgq{}jkldjes aggl mgae}gm wril, mkssgc}gm,ele`{xgm, g}c, elm ai}j skmgs io }jg ksswg jevg e`qgem{ nemg }jgkqrisk}kils elm ciwl}gq.risk}kilsflitl

]jg Ce}ji`kc Cjwqcj elm k}se``kgs jevg e`qgem{ nemg wr }jgkqnklms e ìld }kng edi elm }jg{eqg 522.rgqcgl} cilvklcgm io

}jg kloe``kak`k}{ io }jgkq risk}kilEs oeq es }jg{ eqg cilcgqlgm,}jg{ jevg qgcgkvgm mkqgc} kl.s}qwc}kils oqin Dim jknsgò elm}jg rqiaeak`k}{ io }jgn cjeld.kld }jgkq nklm iq dkvkld kl }iel{ io }jg rqirisgm englmngl}jes eaiw} }jg seng cjelcgs elkcg cwag jes kl swqvkvkld e ne. hiq cilfiedqe}kil

K cel wlmgqs}elm tj{ k} tesknriq}el} oiq @ednel elm cin.rel{ }i cing ecqiss es qgesil.ea`g klmkvkmwe`s kl uwgs} io ecinrqinksg ]jg{ rqiaea`{}jiwdj} }je} agkld rgqcgkvgm esjevkld }jg jkdjgq niqe` dqiwlmtiw`m aiis} }jg cjelcgs io jev.kld }jg ak`` ressgm ]jg{ tel}gm}i gzjews} e`` risska`g evglwgs}i ecjkgvg e tkl.tkl si`w}kil

]jg rqia`gn tes }je} }jgqg ks hws} li te{ oiq e cinrqinksg }iuwe`ko{ es e tkl.tkl si`w}kil Ecinrqinksg, e} k}s vgq{ gssglcg,ks e`qgem{ e ìsg.ìsg iq e} `ges}e li.mge` sk}we}kil

]jg englmngl}s jevg il`{qgsw`}gm kl ìss io ve`wea`g}kng }je} ciw`m jevg aggl ag}.}gq srgl} neqsje``kld qgsiwqcgs}i dg} }jg ak`` vi}gm wril kl r`g.leq{ K miwa} }je} }jgqg‛s litgliwdj }kng }i dg} }jg ngeswqgerrqivgm mwqkld }jks cildqgssK rqe{ }je} K tk`` ag w`}kne}g`{rqivgl tqild, aw} n{ ags}dwgss ks }je} }jg ak`` ks es diimes sjg`vgm ]jgqg‛s hws} li te{}je} `gdksè}iqs tji eqg wr oiqqgg`gc}kil kl e ogt nil}js tk``tel} }i jevg }jgkq qgg`gc}kilcjelcgs knrgqk`gm a{ }jg te{}jg{ vi}g il }jg ngeswqg

Sklcg }jg Ce}ji`kc Cjwqcj jesli} klmkce}gm el{ tk``kldlgss }iqgvksk} k}s iqkdkle` risk}kil il }jgQJ Ak``, tje}, }jgl, ks }jg rikl}io englmkld }jg ak``9 @g}‛s hws}di aecf }i }jg iqkdkle` vgqskilelm swank} }jks e`qgem{ }i e vi}gTg sjiw`m lit ag oicwskld iwqgooiq}s kl nefkld swqg }jg ak`` eq.qkvgs e} }jg fiiiq, dg}}kld iwq `gd.ksè}iqs }i vi}g il k}, elm glswqkld}je} }jg{ vi}g ecciqmkld }i }jglggms elm mgnelms io nehiqk}{ io }jgkq cils}k}wglckgs

AILD C,

EWS]GQI

EQG TG ]JGQG [G]9

DG].QKCJ.UWKCF”iq dg}.qkcjgq.uwkcf”scjgngs }je} gvgl}we``{ ci`.èrsg eqg li}jkld lgt Nel{ fggroe``kld oiq }jgn el{te{

]jg rqirglsk}{ }i rècg owlms kl}jgsg `wcqe}kvg iqdelkxe}kils ks li}`knk}gm }i Ok`krklis, iq }i }jg ness.gs Oiq kls}elcg, Agqleqm Nemioo,lit icfgm wr oiq }jg qgs} io jks kog,jes agcing }jg ris}gq ai{ oiq scen.ngqs Nemioo `kvgm }jg jkdj `kog kl}jg WS elm cilmwc}gm el gzc`wskvg,a{.klvk}e}kil.il`{ irgqe}kil si }je}

qkcj rgir`g tgqg rqec}kce``{ agddkld}i ag esfgm }i rècg }jgkq nilg{tk}j jks owlm Jg e`si gldedgm klrjkèl}jqirkc ec}kvk}kgs Jg ks qg.riq}gm }i jevg scenngm ri`k}kckels,cg`gaqk}kgs elm i}jgq jkdj.lg} tiq}jklmkvkmwe`s kl }jg WS elm Gwqirg }i}jg }wlg io -?7 ak``kil

Kl }jg Rjk`krrklgs, Qisg Aeèmhe{

tes }jqitl kl}i hek` oiq qwllkld eRilxk scjgng }je} mwrgm iqmkleq{tedg geqlgqs elm awsklgssngl, ri`k.}kckels elm cg`gaqk}kgs e`kfg oiq e }i.}e` swn io R17 ak``kil

Lit niqg }jel :,222 klmkvkmwe`s,nis} io }jgn oqin Redemkel Ck}{, jevgst`gm e cinrèkl} agoiqg }jg Le}kileÀwqgew io Klvgs}kde}kil edekls} ecinrel{ ce``gm Enel Ow}wqgs DqiwrRjk`krrklgs ]jgqg eqg qgriq}s }je} esnel{ es 57,222 ìs} el eddqgde}g io R51 ak``kil Wloiq}wle}g`{, }jg aqekls

agjklm }jg scen, Nelwg Ene`k`ki,jes figm }i Neè{skeKl }jg qgsw`}kld oe`ìw}, Rjk`krrklg

iostcke`s eqg mgcq{kld }jg ècf io sw.rgqvkskil a{ rgq}klgl} edglckgs swcjes }jg Sgcwqk}kgs elm Gzcjeldg Cin.nksskil, }jg LAK, elm }jg Rjk`krrklgLe}kile` Ri`kcg Kl oec}, sing RLRiostcke`s oqin }jg eqge jevg aggl qg.

`kgvgm io }jgkq ris}s oiq }jgkq oek`wqg}i lkr }jg scen kl }jg awm

Qgdwè}iqs nws} jevg e`si sggl qgmfieds kl }jg irgqe}kils io Enel Ow.}wqgs Uwgs}kils sjiw`m jevg agglqeksgm e} }jg geq`kgs} risska`g kls}elcg

Gvgl si, swcj e cinrel{ tiw`mli} }jqkvg ko }jgqg tgqg li }efgqs”dw``ka`g klvgs}iqs tji ag`kgvgm}jg }ii.diim.}i.ag.}qwg rqinksgsio Enel‛s edgl}s, iq qge``{ dqggm{ilgs tji ne{ jevg flitl eaiw}}jg meldgqs aw} mgckmgm }i }efg }jgkq

cjelcg }i cesj kl agoiqg }jg gl}kqgscjgng oe``s ereq}]jg{ ne{ st`g }jgkq cinrèkl}s elm

}g`` s}iqkgs io jit }jg{ jevg agglmwrgm, aw} }jg w`}kne}g qgsrilskak`.k}{ `kgs tk}j klvgs}iqs }jgnsg`vgsK}‛s }jgkq nilg{, elm }jg mgckskil }iwsg }jg owlms jitgvgq te{ ks }jgkqs}i nefg eìlg

Eske ]kngs Il`klg






Swlme{ OIQGKDL NelkèS}elmeqm]IME[

ns}me{mgsfBdnek`cin

Zk gems Cjkle enkm lgt cje``gldgs

Qgrwa`kc io }jg Rjk`krrklgs

Mgreq}ngl} io Rwa`kc Tiqfs elm Jkdjte{sOkqs} Ng}qi Nelkè Gldklggqkld Mks}qkc}

Tgs}aelf Qiem, Nelddejel Oìimte{, QiseqkiReskd Ck}{

klvk }e}kil }i Akm

E ]jg Mgreq}ngl} io Rwa`kc Tiqfs elm Jkdjte{s.Okqs} Ng}qi NelkèGldklggqkld Mks}qkc}, Tgs}aelf Qiem, Nelddejel Oìimte{, Qiseqki,Reskd Ck}{ }jqiwdj k}s Akms elm Eteqms Cinnk}}gg *AEC+, klvk}gs cil}qec}iqs}i err`{ }i akm oiq }jg oi`ìtkld cil}qec}s8

5 Cil}qec} KM Li8 2512A21;?

Cil}qec} Leng8 Rjesg K, Mqekledg Knrqivgngl} Tiqfs e} Ailk.Ne{skiCkqc`g Tgs} io Nelme`w{ild Nekl, Mqekledg Rqihgc},Nelme`w{ild Ck}{

Cil}qec} @ice}kil8 Nelme`w{ild Ck}{Scirg io Tiqf8 Mqekledg Knrqivgngl}Errqivgm Awmdg} oiq }jg Cil}qec} *EAC+8 RjR524,??:,2335?Cil}qec} Mwqe}kil8 152 Ce`glmeq Me{sCis} io Akm Micwngl}s8 RjR72,22222

1 Cil}qec} KM Li8 2512A21;4Cil}qec } Leng8 Knrqivgngl})Cils }qwc}kil io Dqevk}{ Te`` eìld ]e{}e{

Qkvgq e} Kl}gqnk}}gl} Sgc}kil oqin S}e 2&712 }i S}e?&2=2, ]e{}e{, Qkxe`

Cil}qec} @ice}kil8 ]e{}e{, Qkxe`Scirg io Tiqf8 Knrqivgngl})Cils}qwc}kil io Dqevk}{ Te`Èrrqivgm Awmdg} oiq }jg Cil}qec} *EAC+8 RjR=;,;;4,4:32;Cil}qec} Mwqe}kil8 512 Ce`glmeq Me{sCis} io Akm Micwngl}s8 RjR17,22222

3 Cil}qec} KM Li8 2512A21;:Cil}qec } Leng8 Knrqivgngl})Cils}qwc }kil io Dqevk}{ Te`` tk}j Deakils

es Oiwlme}kil e} Kl}gqnk}}gl} Sgc}kil eìld Cekl}e,Qkvgq, S}e :&;25 }i S}e 52&322, Cekl}e, Qkxe` *RjesgKKK+

Cil}qec} @ice}kil8 Cekl}e, Qkxe`Scirg io Tiqf8 Knrqivgngl})Cils}qwc}kil io Dqevk}{ Te`Èrrqivgm Awmdg} oiq }jg Cil}qec} *EAC+8 RjR=;,;;7,22445Cil}qec} Mwqe}kil8 512 Ce`glmeq Me{sCis} io Akm Micwngl}s8 RjR17,22222

= Cil}qec} KM Li8 2512A21;;Cil}qec} Leng8 Cils}qwc}kil io Sìrg Rqi}gc}kil oiq Neqkfkle Qkvgq

eìld Aqd{ ]wnele, Ges}aelf, Neqkfkle Ck}{, 1 lm Mks}qkc}, S}e ?&152 – S}e ?&?1552

Cil}qec} @ice}kil8 Neqkfkle Ck}{Scirg io Tiqf8 Cils}qwc}kil io Sìrg Rqi}gc}kilErrqivgm Awmdg} oiq }jg Cil}qec} *EAC+8 RjR=:,:73,;?233Cil}qec} Mwqe}kil8 15= Ce`glmeq Me{sCis} io Akm Micwngl}s8 RjR17,22222

7 Cil}qec} KM Li8 2512A2322Cil}qec } Leng8 Knrqivgngl})Cils}qwc }kil io Dqevk}{ Te`` tk}j Deakils

es Oiwlme}kil e} Kl}gqnk}}gl} Sgc}kil eìld Cekl}e,Qkvgq, S}e 2&=72 }i S}e 5&74:, Cekl}e, Qkxe` *RjesgK+

Cil}qec} @ice}kil8 Cekl}e, Qkxe`Scirg io Tiqf8 Knrqivgngl})Cils}qwc}kil io Dqevk}{ Te`Èrrqivgm Awmdg} oiq }jg Cil}qec} *EAC+8 RjR==,;?:,4777=Cil}qec} Mwqe}kil8 512 Ce`glmeq Me{sCis} io Akm Micwngl}s8 RjR17,22222

? Cil}qec} KM Li8 2512A2325Cil}qec } Leng8 Knrqivgngl})Cils}qwc }kil io Dqevk}{ Te`` tk}j Deakils

es Oiwlme}kil e} Kl}gqnk}}gl} Sgc}kil eìld Cekl}e,Qkvgq, S}e =&?4: }i S}e 7&:2?, Cekl}e, Qkxe` *RjesgKK+

Cil}qec} @ice}kil8 Cekl}e, Qkxe`Scirg io Tiqf8 Knrqivgngl})Cils}qwc}kil io Dqevk}{ Te`Èrrqivgm Awmdg} oiq }jg Cil}qec} *EAC+8 RjR==,;?:,4777=Cil}qec} Mwqe}kil8 512 Ce`glmeq Me{sCis} io Akm Micwngl}s8 RjR17,22222

4 Cil}qec} KM Li8 2512A2321Cil}qec} Leng8 Cils}qwc}kil io Dqevk}{ Te`` eìld Leldfe Qkvgq e}

Ai{s}itl Cinriwlm, Neqkfkle Ck}{Cil}qec} @ice}kil8 Neqkfkle Ck}{Scirg io Tiqf8 Cils}qwc}kil io Sìrg Rqi}gc}kilErrqivgm Awmdg} oiq }jg Cil}qec} *EAC+8 RjR54,=74,37?1;Cil}qec} Mwqe}kil8 572 Ce`glmeq Me{sCis} io Akm Micwngl}s8 RjR17,22222

: Cil}qec} KM Li8 2512A2323Cil}qec} Leng8 Rqirisgm Qgs}iqe}kil io Menedgm Sìrg Rqi}gc}kil

eìld Neqkfkle Qkvgq *Niw}j io Qiseqki Tgkq+, ReskdCk}{

Cil}qec} @ice}kil8 Reskd Ck}{Scirg io Tiqf8 Qgs}iqe}kil io Menedgm Sìrg Rqi}gc}kilErrqivgm Awmdg} oiq }jg Cil}qec} *EAC+8 RjR51,3;1,4;3?2Cil}qec} Mwqe}kil8 =7 Ce`glmeq Me{sCis} io Akm Micwngl}s8 RjR52,22222

; Cil}qec} KM Li8 2512A232=Cil}qec} Leng8 Cils}qwc}kil io Nw`}k.Rwqrisg Awk`mkld elm Sk}g

Mgvgìrngl}, Je`` io Hws}kcg)]CW)]edwkd Ck}{

Cinriwlm, Dgl Sel}is Evglwg, ]edwkd Ck}{Cil}qec} @ice}kil8 ]edwd Ck}{Errqivgm Awmdg} oiq }jg Cil}qec} *EAC+8 RjR?,;;;,747;3Cil}qec} Mwqe}kil8 512 Ce`glmeq Me{sCis} io Akm Micwngl}s8 RjR52,22222

A Akmmgqs sjiw`m jevg cinrg}gm, tk}jkl }gl *52+ {geqs oqin }jg me}g io swanksskilelm qgcgkr} io akms, e skld`g cil}qec} sknkèq }i }jg Rqihgc}, guwkve`gl} }i e} ges}o}{ rgqcgl} *72'+ io }jg EAC ]jg mgscqkr}kil io el g`kdka`g akmmgq ks cil}eklgmkl }jg Akmmkld Micwngl}s, req}kcwèq`{, kl Sgc}kil KK, Kls}qwc}kil }i Akmmgqs

C Akmmkld tk`` ag cilmwc}gm }jqiwdj irgl cinrg}k}kvg akmmkld rqicgmwqgs wskldlil.mkscqg}kileq{ ress)oek` cqk}g}kil es srgckgm kl }jg Qgvksgm Knr`gngl}kldQw`gs elm Qgdwè}kils *KQQ+ io Qgrwa`kc Ec} ;5:= *QE ;5:=+, i}jgqtksg flitles }jg ‐Divgqlngl} Rqicwqgngl} Qgoiqn Ec}„

Akmmkld ks qgs}qkc}gm }i Ok`krkli Ck}kxgls)si`g rqirqkg}iqsjkrs, iq iqdelkxe}kilstk}j e} `ges} sgvgl}{ vg rgqcgl} *47'+ kl}gqgs} iq iw}s}elmkld cerk}e` s}icfagìldkld }i ck}kxgls io }jg Rjk`krrklgs

M Kl}gqgs}gm Akmmgqs ne{ ia}ekl owq}jgq kloiqne}kil oqin Okqs} Ng}qi NelkèGldklggqkld Mks}qkc}, elm klsrgc} }jg Akmmkld Micwngl}s e} }jg emmqgss dkvglagìt oqin V:822EN.51822LL elm 5822RN.7822RN^,

G E cinr`g}g sg} io Akmmkld Micwngl}s ne{ ag rwqcjesgm a{ kl}gqgs}gm akmmgqsoqin }jg emmqgss agìt elm wril re{ngl} io e lil.qgowlmea`g ogg oiq }jgAkmmkld Micwngl}s

K} ne{ e`si ag mitlìemgm oqgg io cjeqdg oqin }jg tgask}g io }jg Rjk`krrklgDivgqlngl} G`gc}qilkc S{s}gn *Rjk`DGRS+ elm }jg tgask}g io }jg rqicwqkldGl}k}{, rqivkmgm }je} akmmgqs sje`` re{ }jg ogg oiq }jg Akmmkld Micwngl}s li}è}gq }je} }jg swanksskil io }jgkq akms

O ]jg Okqs} Ng}qi Nelke Gldklggqkld Mks}qkc}, tk`` ji`m }jg Rqg.Akm Cilogqglcg

il Livgnagq 13, 1251 e} 1822 RN e} ONNGM.Iocg Cilogqglcg Qiin,Tgs}aelf Qiem, Nelddejel Oìimte{, Qiseqki, Reskd Ck}{, tjkcj sje`` agirgl il`{ }i e`` kl}gqgs}gm req}kgs tji jevg rwqcjesgm }jg Akmmkld Micwngl}s

D Akms nws} ag mg`kvgqgm il iq agoiqg Mgcgnagq 2?, 1251 52822 EN e} Okqs}Ng}qi Nelkè Gldklggqkld Mks}qkc}, Tgs}aelf Qiem, Nelddejel Oìimte{,Qiseqki, Reskd Ck}{ E`` akms nws} ag eccinrelkgm a{ e akm sgcwqk}{ kl el{ io}jg eccgr}ea`g oiqns elm kl }jg eniwl} s}e}gm kl K]A Cèwsg 5:5

Akms tk`` ag irglgm il }jg seng me}g e} 1822 RN kl }jg rqgsglcg io }jg akmmgq‛sqgrqgsgl}e}kvgs tji cjiisg }i e}}glm e} }jg eoiqgsekm emmqgss @e}g akms sje``li} ag eccgr}gm

J ]jg Okqs} Ng}qi Nelkè Gldklggqkld Mks}qkc}, qgsgqvgs }jg qkdj} }i eccgr} iq qghgc}el{ akm, }i ellw` }jg akmmkld rqicgss, elm }i qghgc} e`` akms e} el{ }kng rqkiq }icil}qec} eteqm, tk}jiw} }jgqga{ klcwqqkld el{ keak`k}{ }i }jg eoogc}gm iq akmmgqs

K Oiq owq}jgq kloiqne}kil, r`gesg qgogq }i8

*Sdm+ NEQKI G E@CEL]EQEIKC.Cjkgo, Nekl}glelcg Sgc}kil

Gldklggq KKK)AEC Cjekqnel

LI]GM

*Sdm+ QIAGQ]I S LKCI@ESMks}qkc} Gldklggq

*NS].Liv 5:, 1251+


Mgreq}ngl} io ]qelsriq}e}kil elm Cinnwlkce}kils

CK_K@ EGQILEW]KCS AIEQMI@M NKE QIEM, RESE[ CK][,

Ng}qi Nelk e

*NS].Liv 5;, 1251+

KL QG8 RG]K]KIL OIQ EW]JIQK][ ]I KNRISGOWG@ SWQCJEQDG IL K]SKL]GQLE]KILE@ RESSGLDGQ ]KCFG]S

CEA CESG Li, GR.7;=12)JGM551251)7H)17=.ROS

CGAW EKQ, KLC *CGAW RECKOKC+, Rg}k}kilgq,z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . z

LI]KCG IO JGEQKLD

Rwqswel} }i }jg rqivkskils io QE 44?, es englmgm, li}kcg ksjgqga{ dkvgl }je} CGAW EKQ, KLC *CGAW RECKOKC+ jes `gm tk}j}jg Ckvk` Egqilew}kcs Aieqm e rg}k}kil oiq ew}jiqk}{ }i knrisg wrteqmemhws}ngl} io owg` swqcjeqdg il k}s kl}gqle}kile` ressgldgq }kcfg}s,mg}ek`gm es oi`ìts8

Qiw}g _v Eniwl} rgq REZ*WSM+

Nelkè . Mglreseq ?722

]jg eaivg gl}k}`gm cesg ks scjgmw`gm oiq jgeqkld il Mgcgnagq ?,1251, e} 52822 EN e} }jg CEA Cilogqglcg Qiin, I`m NKEQiem, Rese{Ck}{, agoiqg }jg wlmgqskdlgm Jgeqkld Iocgq, e} tjkcj jgeqkld }jg rg}k}kilgq sje` rqgsgl} gvkmglcg

Wlmgq Sgc}kil 5? io QE 44? }jg err`kcel} ks jgqga{ qguwkqgm}i jevg }jks Li}kcg io Jgeqkld rwa`ksjgm e} `ges} ilcg, }ti *1+ tggfsagoiqg }jg scjgmw`gm jgeqkld kl e lgtsrergq io dglgqe` ckqcwè}kil elmjevg cirkgs jgqgio elm }jg err`kce}kil ag sgl} }i e`` Rjk`krrklg ceqqkgqstk}j kl}gqle}kile` scjgmw`gm irgqe}kils, gk}jgq a{ rgqsile` sgqvkcg iqa{ qgdks}gqgm nek` tk}j qg}wql ceqm e} `ges} vg *7+ me{s agoiqg }jgscjgmw`gm jgeqkld

@g} e cir{ io }jg rg}k}kil elm }jks Li}kcg io Jgeqkld ag ris}gm e}}jg CEA Aw``g}kl Aieqm agdkllkld }ime{

5= Livgnagq 1251Rese{ Ck}{, Rjk`krrklgs

*Sdm+ NEQKE G@AGL S@ NIQIJgeqkld Iocgq

Cir{ owqlksjgm8

N NEQKE_KMEN S]IKO@Mkqgc}iq.Gz}gqle` EooekqsCGAW EKQ, KLC *CGAW RECKOKC+Ekq`klg Irgqe}kils Cgl}gqMings}kc Ekqriq}, Rese{ Ck}{

E}}{ RE]GQLI S NEL]EQKLD, HQCiwlsg` oiq CGACgaw Reckc Ekq, KlcEkq`klg Irgqe}kils Cgl}qgMings}kc Ekqriq}, Rese{ Ck}{

E]][ GLQKUWG EL]ILKI H GSUWK_G@, KKKEssks}el} Ciqriqe}g Sgcqg}eq{ elmJgem io Egqiri`k}kce` MkvkskilRjk`krrklg Ekq`klgs, KlcRLA Oklelcke` Cgl}gqRqgs Mkismemi Necerede` EvglwgCCR Cinr`gz, Rese{ Ck}{

E]][ HILE]JEL ELMQGT M @KNCiwlsg` oiq ERC@gde` Mgreq}ngl}Ekq Rjk`krrklgs Ciqriqe}kilERC De}g 5, Emqgts EvglwgRese{ Ck}{

E]][ NEK@EQIAGQ]EE REMREM.AELEEDCiwlsg` oiq Xgs} Ekqte{sXgs} Ekqte{s, KlcMings}kc Qiem ciq Elmqgts EvglwgRese{ Ck}{

E]][ @GILEQMI _KLX I KDLECKI_kcg Rqgskmgl} oiq @gde`Siw}jges} Eskel Ekq`klgs *SGEKQ+, KlcWlk} =2= @e I$ Cgl}qg, 5222 Eqlekx EvgNefe}k Ck}{

NS NEQKEKLGX O HISGS}qe}gd{, Ekqriq} elm RèllkldEKQESKE, KLC:]J Oìiq, MRC Rècg1311 Cjkli Qicgs EvglwgNefe}k Ck}{

NS EK@GGL C C@GNEL]GRqgskmgl}Rjk`krrklg ]qevg` Edglckgs Essicke}kil *R]EE+51)O GDK Qwli Rèxe, ciq ]eo} AwglmkeDk` Rw{e}, Rese{ Ck}{


Mgreq}ngl} io ]qelsriq}e}kil elm Cinnwlkce}kils

CK_K@ EGQILEW]KCS AIEQMI@M NKE QIEM, RESE[ CK][,

Ng}qi Nelk e

*NS].Liv 5;, 1251+

Cir{ owqlksjgm8

N NEQKE_KMEN S]IKO@Mkqgc}iq.Gz}gqle` EooekqsCGAW EKQ, KLC *CGAW RECKOKC+Ekq`klg Irgqe}kils Cgl}gqMings}kc Ekqriq}, Rese{ Ck}{

E}}{ RE]GQLI S NEL]EQKLD, HQMkqgc}iq oiq @gde`Cgaw Reckc Ekq, KlcEkq`klg Irgqe}kils Cgl}qgMings}kc Ekqriq}, Rese{ Ck}{

E]][ GLQKUWG EL]ILKI H GSUWK_G@, KKKEssks}el} Ciqriqe}g Sgcqg}eq{ elmJgem io Egqiri`k}kce` MkvkskilRjk`krrklg Ekq`klgs, KlcRLA Oklelcke` Cgl}gqRqgs Mkismemi Necerede` EvglwgCCR Cinr`gz, Rese{ Ck}{

E]][ HILE]JEL ELMQGT M @KNCiwlsg` oiq Ekqrjk` Gzrqgss@gde` Mgreq}ngl}Ekq Rjk`krrklgs Ciqriqe}kilERC De}g 5, Emqgts EvglwgRese{ Ck}{

E]][ NEK@EQIAGQ]EE REMREM.AELEEDCiwlsg` oiq Xgs} Ekqte{sXgs} Ekqte{s, KlcMings}kc Qiem ciq Elmqgts EvglwgRese{ Ck}{

E]][ @GILEQMI _KLX I KDLECKI_kcg Rqgskmgl} oiq @gde`Siw}jges} Eskel Ekq`klgs *SGEKQ+, KlcWlk} =2= @e I$ Cgl}qg, 5222 Eqlekx EvgNefe}k Ck}{

NS NEQKEKLGX O HISGS}qe}gd{, Ekqriq} elm RèllkldEKQESKE, KLC:]J Oìiq, MRC Rècg1311 Cjkli Qicgs EvglwgNefe}k Ck}{

NS EK@GGL C C@GNEL]GRqgskmgl}Rjk`krrklg ]qevg` Edglckgs Essicke}kil *R]EE+51)O GDK Qwli Rèxe, ciq ]eo} AwglmkeDk` Rw{e}, Rese{ Ck}{

KL QG8 RG]K]KIL OIQ EW]JIQK][ ]I KNRISGWRTEQM EMHWS]NGL] IO OWG@SWQCJEQDG IL K]S KL]GQLE]KILE@RESSGLDGQ ]KCFG]S

CEA CESG Li, GR.7;==3)JGM551251)7H)177.ROS5

CGAW EKQ, KLC *CGAW RECKOKC+, Rg}k}kilgq,z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . z

LI]KCG IO JGEQKLD

Rwqswel} }i }jg rqivkskils io QE 44?, es englmgm, li}kcg ksjgqga{ dkvgl }je} CGAW EKQ, KLC *CGAW RECKOKC+ jes `gm tk}j}jg Ckvk` Egqilew}kcs Aieqm e rg}k}kil oiq ew}jiqk}{ }i knrisg wrteqmemhws}ngl} io owg` swqcjeqdg il k}s kl}gqle}kile` ressgldgq }kcfg}s,mg}ek`gm es oi`ìts8

Qiw}g _v Oqin *WSM+ ]i *WSM+

NL@ . FKZ =722 7722

]jg eaivg gl}k}`gm cesg ks scjgmw`gm oiq jgeqkld il Mgcgnagq ?,1251 e} 52832 EN e} }jg CEA Cilogqglcg Qiin, I`m NKE Qiem, Rese{Ck}{, agoiqg }jg wlmgqskdlgm Jgeqkld Iocgq, e} tjkcj jgeqkld }jg rg}k}kilgq sje` rqgsgl} gvkmglcg

Wlmgq Sgc}kil 5? io QE 44? }jg err`kcel} ks jgqga{ qguwkqgm}i jevg }jks Li}kcg io Jgeqkld rwa`ksjgm e} ges} ilcg, }ti *1+ tggfsagoiqg }jg scjgmw`gm jgeqkld kl e lgtsrergq io dglgqe` ckqcwè}kil elmjevg cirkgs jgqgio elm }jg err`kce}kil ag sgl} }i e`` Rjk`krrklg ceqqkgqstk}j kl}gqle}kile` scjgmw`gm irgqe}kils, gk}jgq a{ rgqsile` sgqvkcg iqa{ qgdks}gqgm nek` tk}j qg}wql ceqm e} `ges} vg *7+ me{s agoiqg }jg

scjgmw`gm jgeqkld@g} e cir{ io }jg rg}k}kil elm }jks Li}kcg io Jgeqkld ag ris}gm e}

}jg CEA Aw``g}kl Aieqm agdkllkld }ime{

5= Livgnagq 1251Rese{ Ck}{, Rjk`krrklgs

*Sdm+ NEQKE G@AGL S@ NIQIJgeqkld Iocgq

]jg ciwl}q{‛s ri`k}kce` g`k}glengm Zk }i }jg }ir req}{ ris} il]jwqsme{, elm wlgzrgc}gm`{ rw}jkn kl cjeqdg io }jg nk`k}eq{ }ii,eo}gq e tggfìld req}{ cildqgsselm nil}js io mkvkskvg aeqdeklkld

]jg errikl}ngl}s dkvg jkn aqiemew}jiqk}{, aw} li} }jg `wzwq{ io }kng

Eo}gq mgcemgs io hwddgqlew} dqit}j,Cjkle sk}s il }jg cwsr io dìae`rqg.gnklglcg es }jg sgcilm èqdgs}gcilin{ elm lgtgs} ritgq, aw} k}e`si jes wqdgl} mings}kc }qiwa`gs}je} ciw`m oqws}qe}g k}s qksg

Rqia`gns }je} jevg ìld ogs.}gqgm”oqin }jg srw}}gqkld gcil.

[ELDIL, N{elneq”TjglEqfgq F{et jgeqm Rqgskmgl}Aeqecf Iaene tes cinkld }iN{elneq, jg de}jgqgm 57 celsio srqe{ rekl} elm jgemgm oiqe aèlf aqkcf te`` wlmgq civgqio meqflgss F{et, tjisg res.skil ks dqeost}k, èaiqgm oqin3 en wl}k` }jg swl ceng wr

Resskld }ezk mqkvgqs elm }jgicceskile` rgmgs}qkel devgjkn skdls io glciwqedgngl}es Iaene‛s dqkllkld, wr`ko}gmoecg }iif sjerg edekls} e aecf.dqiwlm io }jg Engqkcel elmN{elneq fieds

‐K tel}gm }i tg`cing jkn,„sekm F{et, e 5;.{geq.i`m tk}je stggr io s}{`gm jekq elm erglcjel} oiq sfkll{ hgels

]jg lgz} me{, singilg”e qkve` dqeost}k eq}ks}, swsrgc}sF{et”scqkaa`gm ivgq jksjelmktiqf tk}j e cel io aècf srqe{ rekl}

Agoiqg metl Se}wqme{, es jgte}cjgm oiq cirs ag}tggl }geaqgefs, jg rekl}gm eli}jgq te``tk}j el knedg io Iaene scqet`gmtk}j }jg tiqms ‐jg` i edekl„ Jg

sggs k} es e sjiw} iw} oqin }jg{iw}j io N{elneq, elm jirgsIaene tk d knrsg k} mwqkld jksskz.jiwq vksk} }i }jg ciwl}q{, }jgstqs} a{ e WS rqgskmgl}

Tiqm io Iaene‛s jks}iqkcvksk} jes srqgem uwkcf`{ eqiwlm[eldil, tjkcj ks qgem{kld k}.sgò tk}j `gdkils io jwlcjgmtiqfgqs rekl}kld oglcgs elmcwqas, rw``kld tggms elm scqer.kld dqkng ioo i`m awk`mklds klel}kckre}kil io }jg rqgskmgl}‛sNilme{ eqqkve`

Sing jgqg qgem s{nai`kcve`wg kl}i Iaene‛s k}klgqeq{Iaene ks scjgmw`gm }i ngg}tk}j irrisk}kil `gemgq EwldSel Sww F{k es tg`` es Rqgskmgl}]jgkl Sgkl, tji ks tkmg`{ cqgm.k}gm tk}j mqkvkld }jg ciwl}q{‛s

qgcgl} ri`k}kce` elm gcilinkcqgoiqns Jg tk`` e`si mg`kvgq esrggcj e} }jg Wlkvgqsk}{ io [el.dil, tjkcj jes aggl e sge} io ir.risk}kil sklcg ciìlke` }kngs ER

HGQWSE@GN”]jg jis}k`k}kgs ag}tggl Ksqeg` elm Jenesjevg oiwlm e lgt ae}}`gdqiwlm8 sicke` ngmke

]jg Ksqeg`k Mgoglsg Oiqcgs elm Jenes nk`k}el}s jevg gz.cjeldgm stgq{ }tgg}s }jqiwdjiw} }jg stdj}kld kl e sgreqe}gteq }i klfiwglcg rwa`kc irklkil

Sjiq}`{ eo}gq k} ewlcjgm k}s cenrekdl Tgmlgsme{ a{ fk``kld Je.nes‛ }ir nk`k}eq{ cinnelmgq Ejngm Heaeqk, }jg Ksqeg`k nk`k}eq{‛sngmke iostcg elliwlcgm e ‐tkmgsrqgem cenrekdl il }gqqiq sk}gs /irgqe}kvgs kl }jg *jesj+Dexe S}qkr„ il k}s ]tk}}gq ecciwl}

K} }jgl ris}gm e 52.sgcilm aècf.elm.tjk}g vkmgi io }jgekqs}qkfg il k}s iostcke` [iw]wag redg Diid`g Klc, tjkcj

itls [iw]wag, qgnivgm }jg vkmgi oiq e }kng geq`{ ]jwqs.me{, aw} qgcilskmgqgm elm qgs}iqgm k}

E }tgg} oqin *e}+kmosrifgsrgqsil sekm8 ‐Tg qgcinnglm }je}li Jenes irgqe}kvgs, tjg}jgq it gvg` iq sglkiq `gemgqs, sjit}jgkq oecgs eaivg dqiwlm kl }jg me{s ejgem„

Jenes, wlmgq k}s *e}+EÙessenAqkdemg Gld`ksj.èldwedgecciwl}, tjkcj ks èqdg`{ cilskmgqgm }i ag }jg iostcke` ]tk}.}gq ecciwl} oiq k}s nk`k}eq{ tkld, stqgm aecf8 ‐Iwq a`gssgmjelms tk`` qgecj {iwq gemgqs elm si`mkgqs tjgqgvgq }jg{ eqg*[iw Irglgm Jg`` De}gs il [iwqsg`vgs+„

]jg Ksqeg k nk k}eq{‛s ngmke iostcg ]tk}}gq ecciwl}, tjkcj deklgmniqg }jel 72,222 oi`ìtgqs kl hws} 1= jiwqs, ks hws} ilg io veqkiwsil`klg rè}oiqns wsgm }i qgè{ qge`.}kng kloiqne}kil }i }jg rwa`kc,sing}kngs gvgl agoiqg k} ks cilvg{gm }i qgriq}gqs

]jg KMO lgts mgsf‛s gnek` skdle}wqg qgems `kfg e ce}e.ìd oiq lgt ngmke rè}oiqns, klc`wmkld `klfs }i k}s [iw]wagcjellg`, Oecgaiif redg elm O`kcfq rji}i eàwns ]jg nk`k.}eq{ e`si hws} irglgm e ]wna`q ecciwl} kl Gld`ksj elm rèls}i èwlcj ilg kl Srelksj

Oi`ìtkld }jg essesskle}kil, }jg nk`k}eq{ }tgg}gm e dqerj.kce``{ mgskdlgm rji}idqerj io Heaeqk, tk}j e qgm aecfmqirelm cerk}e`kxgm aìcf `g}}gqs qgemkld ‐G@KNKLE]GM,„

mqetkld ai}j cg`gaqe}kil elm stgqcg cqk}kcksn oqin e qeldgio wsgqs ]jqiwdjiw} }jg irgqe}kil, }jg nk`k}eq{ elm k}s swr.

riq}gqs jevg }tgg}gm tk}j }jg jesj}ed ‐Ksqeg`WlmgqOkqg,„tjk`g nel{ Re`gs}klkels jevg }tgg}gm tk}j e sgreqe}g jesj.}ed ‐DexeWlmgqE}}ecf„ ER

@ILMIL”K}‛s e n{s}gq{}iwq, aw} k}‛s jeqm`{ nedkce`

Niqg }jel lklg nk`gs*5= fkìng}gqs+ oqin }jgs}qkrgm cqisste`f nemgoeniws a{ }jg Age}`gs e`.awn ‐Eaag{ Qiem,„ }jksmqea }qelsk} s}e}kil kl ges}@ilmil fggrs mqetkldcilowsgm oels io }jg OeaOiwq kl}i wltel}gm hewl}s

}jqiwdj e dqk}}{, klmws}qke`

eqge hws} siw}j io @ilmil‛sI`{nrkc S}emkwn

Eaag{ Qiem S}e}kil jesli qgè}kil }i }jg Age}`gs‛Eaag{ Qiem S}wmkis, }jgakq}jrècg io }jg gril{.niws eàwn elm e @ilmil}iwqks} èlmneqf ]jg dèss.elm.ng}e` s}e}kil ks tgmdgmenild e }qekl mgri}, teqg.jiwsgs, elm dìin{ rwa`kc

jiwskld rqihgc}s, e tiq`m

ete{ oqin }jg `geo{, swa.wqael s}qgg} rkc}wqgm il }jgeàwn‛s civgq

K} mkml‛} }efg ìld oiqEngqkcel vksk}iq Cjqks}kgHijlsil, 11, }i stdwqg iw} sjgtes kl }jg tqild rècg

‐K} mkml‛} ìif qkdj},„ }jgMglvgq qgskmgl} sekm Sjgelm jgq gnaeqqessgm jis}”Gld`ksj s}wmgl} Ngìm{ _g}.

}qekli”tel}gm }i sgg }jgkcilkc cqisste`f il e tjknE} }jg lgeqa{ S}eq Lgtse.

dgl}s, 3?.{geq.i`m Reqenhgg}Fewq sekm jgq cilvglkglcgs}iqg set el evgqedg io emixgl Age}`gs oels e me{

Iw}skmg, 5;.{geq.i`mLe}jel Hijlsil sekm jg tescils}el}`{ sggkld vksk}iqss}qkmg ecqiss }jg sne``, wlg.vgl kl}gqsgc}kil iw}skmg }jgs}e}kil }i qgcqge}g }jg risgs}qwcf a{ Rew` NcCeq}lg{,Hijl @gllil, Qkldi S}eqq elm Dgiqdg Jeqqksil il }jg5;?; eàwn civgq”gvgl ko }jg lgtcingqs jevg cing}i }jg tqild rècg ER

AGKHKLD ”@ild.elikl}gm swccgssiq ZkHklrkld esswngs }jg `gemgqsjkr io Cjklee} e }kng tjgl }jg qw`kld Cinnwlks}Req}{ ks ciloqil}kld sìtgq gcilinkcdqit}j, e rwa`kc cèniq }i glm ciqqwr}kilelm mgnelms oiq cjeldg }je} }jqge}gl k}sji`m il ritgq

in{ }i oqkc}kil tk}j }jg WS elm}gqqk}iqke` sre}s tk}j Herel elmi}jgq lgkdjaiqs”jevg tiqsglgmkl qgcgl} nil}js es }jg `gemgqsjkroicwsgm il }jg ritgq }qelsogq Kn.re}kglcg jes dqitl enild gl}qg.rqglgwqs, i}jgqs kl }jg lgt nkmm`gcèss elm nkdqel} tiqfgqs”e``tkqgm a{ sicke` ngmke elm cil.mk}kilgm a{ }ti mgcemgs io qkskld`kvkld s}elmeqms }i gzrgc} ag}}gqdivgqlngl}, ko li} mgnicqec{

E`` eìld, ri`kcg jevg cil}klwgm}i jeqess elm hek` e `gld}jglkld ks}io ri`k}kce` oigs, mksskmgl}s, ckvk`qkdj}s et{gqs elm eaiq ec}kvks}s

]ti {iwld ]kag}els mkgm ]jwqs.me{ eo}gq sg}}kld }jgnsg`vgs eaèxg

kl oeq tgs} Cjkle, Qemki Oqgg Eskesekm, kl }jg è}gs} io mixgls io swk.ckmg rqi}gs}s ivgq Agkhkld‛s jel.m`kld io k}s ]kag}el qgdkils

Kl jks stqs} emmqgss }i }jg le}kil,Zk, e 7;.{geq.i`m sil io e qgvi`w.}kileq{ jgqi, ecflit`gmdgm }jg`gld}j{ edglme oiq tje} sjiw`m ag}jg stqs} io }ti stvg.{geq }gqns kliostcg Jg rqinksgm }i mg`kvgq ag}.}gq sicke` sgqvkcgs tjk`g nefkldswqg Cjkle s}elms }e`` kl }jg tiq`melm }jg req}{ cil}klwgs }i qw`g

‐Iwq qgsrilskak`k}{ lit ks }i qe``{elm gem }jg gl}kqg req}{ elm }jg rgi.r`g io e` g}jlkc dqiwrs kl Cjkle kl}efkld ivgq }jg jks}iqkc ae}il elm klnefkld cil}klwgm gooiq}s }i ecjkgvg

Rgir`g de}jgq e} e reqf te}cjkld }jg `kvg ]_ aqiemces} io Cjkle‛s lgt Cinnwlks} Req}{ Dglgqe` Sgcqg}eq{Zk Hklrkld srgefkld mwqkld e rqgss gvgl} }i kl}qimwcg }jg lgt`{.g`gc}gm ngnagqs io }jg Ri`k}awqiS}elmkld Cinnk}}gg, kl Sjeldjek, Cjkle il ]jwqsme{, Liv 57ER

}jg dqge} qglgte` io }jg Cjklgsg le.}kil,„ e cilstmgl} Zk sekm kl le}kil.e``{ }g`gvksgm qgneqfs kl }jg Dqge}Je` io }jg Rgir`g

Jg e}gq sekm ‐tg eqg li} cinrè.cgl}, elm tg tk lgvgq qgs} il iwqèwqg`s„ kl ciloqil}kld cje``gldgs”ciqqwr}kil cjkgo enild }jgn

A{ jks skmg s}iim }jg skz i}jgqlgt`{ errikl}gm ngnagqs io }jgRi`k}awqi S}elmkld Cinnk}}gg8 @kFgukeld, }jg rqgswnr}kvg rqgnkgqelm cjkgo gcilinkc iostcke`6 _kcgRqgnkgq Xjeld Mghkeld6 Sjeldjek req}{ sgcqg}eq{ [w Xjgldsjgld6 rqiredelme cjkgo @kw [wlsjel6]kelhkl req}{ sgcqg}eq{ XjeldDei`k6 elm _kcg Rqgnkgq TeldUksjel, ilcg }jg `gemgqsjkr‛s }ir

}qiwa`gsjii}gq tji tk`` jgem }jgreq}{‛s kl}gqle` te}cjmid relg`

Zk devg li jkl} io lgt }jklf.kld }i emmqgss }jg rqia`gns ]jgècf io srgckstcs elm }jg lgt gem.gqsjkr jgev{ tk}j cilsgqve}kvg}gcjlicqe}s mgfie}gm gzrgc}e}kilsoiq cjeldg kl sing uweq}gqs

‐Tg sjiw`m ag gzrgc}kld niqgio }jg seng, li} sing owlmengl}eàqgef oqin }jg res},„ sekm Me k [eldio }jg Wlkvgqsk}{ io Cjkcedi

Owlmengl}e oiq }jg `gemgqsjkr ks}i nekl}ekl }jg req}{‛s qw`g, jg sekm‐]jg{ eqg li} kl}gqgs}gm kl kl}qi.mwckld Cjkle‛s Diqaecjgv„”}jgSivkg} `gemgq tjisg qgoiqns jes.}glgm }jg glm io }jg S ivkg}Wlkil”[eld sekm ER

N{elneqtg`cingsIaenekl s}{`g

Ksqeg , Jenes aqkldteq kl sicke ngmke

Oels dg} ìs} kl tqild Eaag{ Qiem

Kl }jks st`g rji}i, e nel te`fs il }jg xgaqe cqisskld nemgoeniws oqin }jg eà wn civgq io ]jg Age}`gs‛ ‚Eaag{ Qiem‛ kloqil} io Eaag{ Qiem S}wmkis, sggl e} `go}, kl @ilmil ER





Swlme{ Nelk eS}elmeqm]IME[ Awsklgss

E: LI_GNAGQ 5:, 1251SWLME[

A{ Elle @gej D, Gs}qeme

NIQG }jel 5 nk``kil c`kgl}s io hws} ilg ìce` aelf lit cilmwc} }jgkq stlelcke` }qelsec}kils tk}jiw}`gevkld }jgkq jings iq iostcgs, e`ìtkld }jgn }isevg il des elm evikm ìld uwgwgs klskmg }jg aelf aqelcjgs,

Aelf }g``gqs mkserrgeqkld siil9

SKMMJEQ]J Temgjqe ag`kgvgs }je}

}jg lgz} Ak`` De}gs iq Neqf Xwcfgqagqdtk`` cing oqin Eske, Kl el kl}gqvkgtkl Nefe}k Ck}{, Temgjqe, e 14.{geq.i`moiqngq Sk`kcil _e``g{ gldklggq, se{s elwnagq io {iwld Eskel rqiogsskile`seqg qg}wqlkld }i }jgkq jing ciwl}qkgs}i s}eq} }jgkq itl cinrelkgs }je}ciw`m tg`` ag }jg lgz} Nkcqisio} iqOecgaiif,

Temgjqe, tji stqs} deklgm oenges e tjkx fkm kl Klmke, gzrèkls tj{jg uwk} jks jkdj.rqist`g hias e} SwlNkcqis{s}gns *lit Iqec`g+ elm KANkl }jg WS }i gs}ea`ksj jks itl s}eq}.wrselm dekl gl}qgrqglgwqke` flit`gmdg

a{ s}wm{kld e} }jg Nefe}k.aesgm EskelKls}k}w}g io Neledgngl} oiq jks NAEmgdqgg,

Tjk`g s}wm{kld e} EKN, Temgjqejg`rgm }jg awsklgss scjii` rgqoiqn tg``

kl kl}gqle}kile` cinrg}k}kils swcj es

}jg Jw`} Dìae` Cesg Cje``gldg kl Sel

Oqelcksci geq`{ }jks {geq, ]jg gvgl}ks cilskmgqgm ilg io }jg tiq`m‛s }irrè}oiqns oiq sicke` cjeldg,

Jks awsklgss cilcgr} ‚}jKlU‛ tesmgcèqgm enild }jg nis} kllive}kvgcilcgr}s rqgsgl}gm e} }jg Jw`} Dìae`Cesg Cje``gldg elm tes vi}gm enild}jg }ir stvg rè}oiqns cjeldkld }jgtiq`m a{ }jg ]kng nedexklg, Klsrkqgma{ }jg `gdec{ io S}gvg Hias elm `wqgm a{}jg rqinksg io }jg cwqqgl} }gcj aiin klRjk`krrklgs elm i}jgq Eskel ciwl}qkgs, jgks aws{ cilvgq}kld jks lgz} kmge kl}i ilgio }jg ji}}gs} s}eq}.wrs il }jg Kl}gqlg}

Kl Ic}iagq, Temgjqe tes rqicèkngmilg io }jg tkllgqs io }jg 3qm MqwcfgqCje``gldg Gsse{ Cil}gs}, tjkcj ekns‐}i qeksg eteqglgss enild {iwld rgir`gil }jg tiqfs elm kmges io Rg}gq Mqwcfgqelm e neledgngl} rjkìsirj{ }je} rw}s

}jg jwnel agkld kl k}s cgl}gq,„

}jg cilvglkglcg io klk}ke}kld klvgs}ngl}

}qelsec}kils }jqiwdj }jg Kl}gqlg},]jg aelf e`si ioogqs ARK ]qemg

tjkcj e`ìts k}s c`kgl} }i eccgss `kvg

s}icf neqfg} kloiqne}kil oqin }jg

Rjk`krrklg S}icf Gzcjeldg mwqkld

}qemkld jiwqs, gl}gq }jgkq s}icf neqfg}

iqmgqs il`klg, cjgcf il }jg s}e}ws io

}jgkq s}icf neqfg} iqmgqs, elm fggr

}qecf io }jgkq cesj aeèlcg elm s}icf

risk}kil,

‐Tg‛qg ilg io }jg stqs} kl }gqns io

Kl}gqlg} wsg Ecciqmkld }i }jkqm req}kgs,

tg jevg }jg nis} lwnagq io wsgqs,

Aw} tje} tg qge``{ tel} }i mi eskmg

oqin }jgsg ks }i jg`r iwq c`kgl}s rèl

}jgkq stlelcgs Tg tel} }i jg`r }jgn }i

neledg }jgkq owlms,„ De}wsèi se{s

De}wsèi emnk}s }je} tjk`g }jgqg eqg e

ì} io }jklds }je} }jg 1=)4 aelfkld ioogqs,

}jgqg eqg s}k`` cgq}ekl }jklds }je} }jgkqc`kgl}s celli} mi il`klg, `kfg irglkld

el ecciwl}, Jg se{s aelf aqelcjgs elm

}g``gqs ne{ li} mkserrgeq gl}kqg`{, aw}

}jgkq owlc}kils ne{ ag oicwsgm il se`gs

elm rqini}kil kl }jg ow}wqg,

Ow}wqg io aelfs

‐Ko {iw iif e} iwq sgqvkcgs lit, }jgqg

eqg e ì} io sgqvkcgs }je} tg e`qgem{

rqivkmg il`klg si tje} tg tel} ks }i

oicws il neqfg}kld }i owq}jgq jg`r iwq

c`kgl}s,„ jg se{s

Qgcgl}`{, ARK }gengm wr tk}j Dìag

]g`gcin }i rqivkmg el ges{, oes} elm sgcwqg

qgìemkld }qelsec}kil tjkcj tk`` aglgst}

}jg ARK 1=)4 aelfkld c`kgl}s tji eqg e`si

Dìag ]g`gcin rqgrekm swascqkagqs,

‐Tg glciwqedg iwq Dìag swascqkagq

c`kgl}s }i qgìem }jgkq rqgrekm SKN ceqms

}jqiwdj ARK 1=)4 aelfkld oiq e niqgcilvglkgl} {g} sgcwqgm qgìemkld,„ se{s

Lig` ]edexe, sglkiq vkcg rqgskmgl} elm

jgem io ARK G`gc}qilkc Cjellg`s Dqiwr,

‐Qgìemkld }jqiwdj ARK ks lit vgq{

qgteqmkld, dkvkld {iw gzc`wskvg rgqfs }i

e`te{s fggr kl }iwcj tk}j {iwq oenk kgs elm

oqkglms Lit, gvgl ko {iw eqg e`te{s il }jg

di, el{}kng elm el{tjgqg, {iw til‛} ag

eoqekm io xgqi ìem aeèlcg,„ ]edexe se{s

Jg se{s oqin Ic} 5 }i Mgc 35,

qgìemkld e Dìag SKN ceqm wskld ARK

1=)4 aelfkld gzrqgss il`klg, niak`g elm

rjilg cjellg`s dkvg Dìag swascqkagqs

wl`knk}gm SNS }i e`` lg}tiqfs, 72

nklw}gs io oqgg ce`` }i Dìag elm ]N

lwnagqs, r`ws 7NA tiq}j io oqgg niak`g

Kl}gqlg} swqstld

Eske sggl}i rqimwcg

lgz} Ak`` De}gsEKN gmwce}kil

Jg se{s agkld e awsklgss s}wmgl}

e} EKN jes }qw`{ aggl e `kog cjeldkldgzrgqkglcg, Jg e}}qkaw}gs jks lwngqiwsecjkgvgngl}s }i jks gmwce}kil elmgzrgqkglcg e} EKN, emmkld }je} }jg cesgng}jim e} }jg awsklgss scjii` jg`rs}jgn }i err`{ neledgngl} rqklckr`gselm cilcgr}s }i qge`.`kog cje``gldgs elmscgleqkis,

Temgjqe e`si ag`kgvgs }je} }jgRjk`krrklgs ks riksgm }i agcing }jg lgz}akd awsklgss mgs}kle}kil kl Eske agcewsgio k}s enexkld ri}gl}ke` oiq dqit}j, ]jksks tj{ jg ks mikld jks ak} glciwqedkldrgir`g }i gs}ea`ksj }jgkq itl awsklgssgselm rè{ }jgkq req} kl }jg klcqgmka`gEskel dqit}j s}iq{,

‐Ilg lggms }i ag eteqg io {iwqs}qgld}js elm tgeflgssgs elm sjiw`mjevg }jg eak`k}{ }i `geql jwna`{ oqin e``}jg nks}efgs ilg nefgs,„ jg se{s

Temgjqe e`si wsgm jks }kng e} EKN }itqk}g e aiif ce``gm ‚Eske Klcqgmka`g‛,tjkcj sjits }jg hiwqlg{ }efgl a{Eskel gl}qgrqglgwqs }i }qelsoiqn }jgkqvgl}wqgs kl}i dìae` gl}gqrqksgs,

Temgjqe qgrqgsgl}s e aqggm io {iwlds}gqs oqin Eske tji eqg mikldtg`` }i oes} srqgem }jg ngssedg io jit }efkld wr gl}qgrqglgwqsjkr elmcqge}kld hias tk`` aglgst} }jg gcilin{kl }jg ìld qwl,

Jg se{s {iwld Eskels `kfg jkn eqg‐sg}}kld wr kllive}kvg s}eq}.wrs”elmqefkld kl }jg niièj, li} hws} oiq }jgnsg`vgs aw} e`si oiq }jg sickg}{,„‐Eske, }ime{, ks oes} agcinkld }jgji}agm io }jg ‚}{ciil e} 12‛ s{lmqing,„jg se{s, qgogqqkld }i }jg gzrgqkglcgs io De}gs elm Xwcfgqagqd,

Sio}teqg cinrelkgsTemgjqe jknsgò gs}ea ksjgm jks itl

sio}teqg cinrelkgs e} e vgq{ {iwld edg, ‐K

ji`m re}gl}s elm cir{qkdj}s }i }jg veqkiwssio}teqg err kce}kils }je} K jevg mgvgìrgm,N{ sio}teqg err`kce}kil ‚Niak.Sgcwqg‛jes aggl eteqmgm lwngqiws awsklgsskllive}kil eteqms elm jes oiwlm knnglsgeccièmgs oqin }jg aelfkld elm }jg K]GSVkloiqne}kil }gcjliìd{ glea`gs sgqvkcgs^klmws}q{,„ jg se{s

Jg se{s el gmwce}kile` s}eq}.wrrqihgc} jes oiwlm tkmg errqgcke}kiloqin sing io }jg akddgs} awsklgsslengs elm jes aggl }jg c{liswqgio }jg g{gs io e `gemkld vgl}wqgcerk}e`ks} okqn kl Gwqirg, Temgjqe kse} }jg aqklf io cqecfkld -=7 nk``kiltjkcj jg se{s jg tk`` wsg }i sce`g wrjks irgqe}kils kl Nelkè, Sklderiqg,Jild Fild elm i}jgq nehiq ck}kgs klSiw}jges} Eske,

Jg jes aggl ec}kvg`{ klvi`vgmkl ngl}iqkld s}wmgl}s elm esrkqkld

gl}qgrqglgwqs ecqiss mkoogqgl} s}eq}.wrklcwae}iq cenrs elm awsklgss scjii`s,

Temgjqe se{s jg tes e`si klvk}gmes e dwgs} srgefgq ecqiss veqkiwsoiqwns, cilogqglcgs elm e} singio }jg ags} awsklgss scjii`s ecqissGwqirg elm Eske, ‐N{ }irkcs io srggcjrqkneqk`{ klc`wmg gngqdkld }qglms klgl}qgrqglgwqsjkr }i }jg irriq}wlk}kgselm cje``gldgs tjkcj }jg jwdg Eskelneqfg} risgs,„ jg se{s

Jg jes aggl civgqgm kl lwngqiwsrqkl} ngmke elm }g`gvkskil errgeqelcgs,Siil, jg tiw`m ag oge}wqgm kl CLAC‛srqkng }kng ]_ sjit ‚[iwld ]wqfs‛ elmel gl}qgrqglgwqsjkr sjit e} AAC.Klmke

Temgjqe se{s jg ks mikld e`` jg cel” tqk}kld aiifs, srgefkld e} kl}gqle}kileòiqwns, klsrkqkld {iwlds}gqs, uwk}}kldjkdj.rqist`g Sk`kcil ve``g{ hias elm

}wqlkld.mitl jkdj rqist`g cilsw`}kld

]jks agceng risska`g eo}gq Aelf io

}jg Rjk`krrklg Ksèlms èwlcjgm k}s 1=)4

aelfkld sgqvkcgs }je} e`ìt k}s c`kgl}s }i

mi aelf }qelsec}kils }jqiwdj g`gc}qilkc

cjellg`s swcj es }jg Kl}gqlg}, niak`g

rjilgs elm èlm`klg }g`grjilgs, Ilg

io }jg rgqsils qgsrilska`g oiq }jgsg

kllive}kils ks Ceqì De}wsèi, essks}el}

vkcg rqgskmgl} elm jgem io cjellg`s

neqfg}kld elm se`gs mkvkskil io ARK

g`gc}qilkc cjellg`s dqiwr,‐Tg qge``{ tel} }i rqivkmg iwq c`kgl}s

niqg cilvglkglcg agcewsg }jg{ mil‛}

jevg }i di }i }jg aelfs el{niqg }i mi

}jgsg }qelsec}kils,„ se{s De}wsèi

De}wsèi rè{s el ec}kvg qi`g kl }jg

veqkiws klk}ke}kvgs io }jg aelf oiq }jg

mgvgìrngl} io k}s g`gc}qilkc sgò.

sgqvkcg cjellg`s, Jg tes e req} io

}jg }gen }je} gs}ea`ksjgm }jg ARK Ce``

Cgl}gq kl 5;;: elm srgl} }jg lgz} stvg

{geqs neledkld }jg Gzrqgss Rjilg Sgò

Sgqvkcg Cjellg`,

Jg tes è}gq errikl}gm cjellg`

neledgq io ARK Gzrqgss Il`klg, }jg

aelf‛s cilswngq Kl}gqlg} aelfkld

rè}oiqn, Jg lit `gems }jg neqfg}kld

elm se`gs mkvkskil io }jg ARK g`gc}qilkc

cjellg`s dqiwr elm jelm`gs cjellg`s

neqfg}kld, iw}aiwlm se`gs elm tiqfsk}gse`gs mgreq}ngl}s,

De}wsèi se{s ARK c`kgl}s cel lit

nefg stlelcke` }qelsec}kils wskld }jgkq

rjilg, niak`g rjilgs elm }jg Kl}gqlg}

]jgsg }qelsec}kils klc`wmg aw} eqg

li} `knk}gm }i ecciwl} aeèlcgs, ak``s

re{ngl} elm nilg{ }qelsogq,

De}wsèi se{s sklcg }jgsg sgqvkcgs

tgqg ewlcjgm, }jg{ li}kcgm e skdlkstcel}

klcqgesg kl }jg lwnagq io glqi``gm

wsgqs,

5,5n tgask}g wsgqs

Sing 57 nk``kil ARK c`kgl}s eqg lit

glqi``gm kl }jg aelf‛s kl}gqlg}, niak`g,

elm rjilg aelfkld Io }jg }i}e`, 55

nk``kil eqg glqi``gm kl }jg aelf‛s Tga

sk}g, =22,222 kl niak`g ecciwl} elm

522,222 kl rjilg aelfkld

‐Tg jevg vgq{ {iwld c`kgl}s elm gvgl

wr }i }jg edg 42s wskld ARK cjellg`s,„

se{s De}wsèi,

Wsgqs io }jgsg cjellg`s, qgrqgsgl}kld

e uweq}gq io }jg aelf‛s }i}e` c`kgl}g`g,

nemg e }i}e` io ;7 nk``kil }qelsec}kils,

gzc`wmkld tk}jmqete`s iq mgrisk}s wskld

ew}ine}gm }g``gq necjklgs ]jg stdwqg

ks gzrgc}gm }i qksg owq}jgq kl }jg cinkld

{geqs,Kl oec}, De}wsèi se{s }jg aelf‛s

g`gc}qilkc cjellg` glqi``ggs jevg aggl

klcqgeskld 32 rgqcgl} {geq.il.{geq elm

}jg dqit}j ks gzrgc}gm }i cil}klwg ivgq

}jg lgz} }jqgg {geqs,

]jks ks agcewsg niqg Ok`krklis eqg

agcinkld niak`g elm Kl}gqlg}.sevv{

Eaiw} :7 rgqcgl} io Ok`krklis lit

jevg niak`g rjilgs, elm nel{ io }jgn

itl sneq} rjilgs }je} cel eccgss }jg

Kl}gqlg},

‐E }jkqm io Ok`krklis eqg e`qgem{

il`klg Siil, e }jkqm io }jisg il`klg

tiw`m ag wskld niak`g rjilgs,„ se{s

De}wsèi,

‐ARK jes aggl vgq{ ec}kvg

kl }gcjliìd{, Tg‛vg sggl }jg

}qelsoiqne}kil e`qgem{ elm tg gzrgc}

niqg kl }jg ow}wqg Aw} k} ks s}k`` mkostcw`}}i rqgmkc} tje} tk`` s}k`` jerrgl kl }jg

lgeq ow}wqg,„ jg se{s

Aelfkld el{}kng

‐ARK ks ioogqkld 1=)4 aelfkld }i e`ìt

c`kgl}s }i aelf el{}kng, el{tjgqg K}‛s

niqg il ioogqkld cilvglkglcg }i c`kgl}s

}i dkvg }jgn niqg }kng oiq }jklds }je}

ne}}gq.niqg uwe`k}{ }kng oiq oenk`{

ailmkld, niqg }kng }i }qevg`, elm

niqg }kng }i sjir,„ se{s Oqgmgqkcf

Oews}kli, jgem io ARK‛s niak`g aelfkld

mgreq}ngl},

Eskmg oqin }jgsg kllive}kils, }jg

aelf e`si èwlcjgm }jg ARK klvgs}ngl}s

il`klg es} {geq ]jks ks }jg ciwl}q{‛s stqs}

ow``.sgqvkcg il`klg klvgs}ngl} oeck`k}{,

tjkcj glea`gs }jg aelf‛s c`kgl}s }i glhi{

Ceqì De}wsèi *oiwq}j oqin go}+ elm i}jgq gzgcw}kvgs io ARK elm Dìag ]g`gcin

Skmmjeq}jTemgjqe

esskdlngl}s }i s}eq}.wr kllive}kvgvgl}wqgs elm sicke` gl}gqrqksgs, rè{kldqi`g nimg`s elm ngl}iqs }i jg`r nefg ecjeldg kl }jg sickg}{ elm gcilin{,

‐]jg qgcgl} gcilinkc swqdg io }jgRjk`krrklgs elm e jis} io i}jgq Eskelciwl}qkgs eqg e ri}gl} }gs}knil{ }i}je} elm }jg ow}wqgs io }jgsg ciwl}qkgscil}klwg }i sggn qis{,„ jg se{s

‐K jirg }je} K cel cqge}g e cqgmka`gknrec} kl }jg ciwl}q{ elm }jg sickg}{tjkcj K itg si nwcj }i,„ se{s Temgjqe,tji tes ilcg }gqngm es ‚cinnwlk}{cqwsemgq‛ a{ e `gemkld Gld`ksj mek`{‚]jg ]g`gdqerj‛ kl Klmke gvgl tjgltjk`g jg tes kl jkdj scjii`,

Oiq }jg ow}wqg, Temgjqe se{s jg jes jksskdj}s stqn`{ sg} il }jg Eskel sio}teqg

klmws}q{, emmkld }je} jks resskil oiq }gcjliìd{ elm ecwngl oiq awsklgss kssgcilm }i lilg,

‐Tjgl K tes e fkm, K tel}gm }i aggvgq{}jkld elm mi gvgq{}jkld, ]jgqgtgqg me{s K knedklgm n{sgò }i ag esi`mkgq elm il i}jgqs K tiw`m ag e fkld,„jg se{s,

Jks }gecjgqs kl jkdj.scjii` qgngnagq jkn es el e``.qiwlmgq Jg tes eteqmgm}jg ivgqe`` gostckglc{ kl cwqqkcwèq elmci.cwqqkcwèq ec}kvk}kgs kl jkdj.scjii`te{ aecf kl 5;;4

Eske Klcqgmka`gTemgjqe se{s }jg rqg.aiifkld

lwnagqs oiq jks stqs} aiif ‚EskeKlcqgmka`g‛ klmkce}g }je} }jg rqihgc} jes}jg ri}gl}ke` }i agcing e ags}sg``gq,

]jg aiif èwlcj, scjgmw`gm ivgq }jg lgz} ogt tggfs kl Nefe}k, tiw`msgg sing io }jg akddgs} lengs kl }jg

awsklgss oqe}gqlk }{ kl Eske cing }idg}jgqwlmgq ilg qiio oiq }jg gvgl}, jg se{s

Ngeltjk`g, Temgjqe se{s jg jesdqecgow``{ mgc`klgm ioogqs oqin `gemkldawsklgss nedexklgs sggfkld cir{qkdj}oiq jks tiqf elm kl}glms }i klciqriqe}g}jg wlgmk}gm vgqskil io jks rergq kl jkswrcinkld sgcilm aiif ‚Ng}jims }iNemlgss‛,

]jg rqihgc} tjkcj ks mwg oiq e Neqcj1253 qg`gesg jkdj`kdj}s }jg mk`gnneselm cje``gldgs oecgm a{ el{ esrkqkldgl}qgrqglgwq, Jg jes r`gmdgm }jg qi{e`}{oqin jks `k}gqeq{ rqihgc}s }i }jg ‚CjelmqeRqeaje ]qws}‛ tjkcj oicwsgs il gmwce}kiloiq }jg qwqe` riiq kl vk`èdgs,

Temgjqe }qw`{ }qkgs }i nefg el knrec}kl tje}gvgq jg migs, qgrqgsgl}kld }jglgt dìae` Eskel {iw}j tji eqg s}qkvkldjeqm }i nefg el knrec} kl }jg tiq`m

}ime{, Q]M





Swlme{ Nelk eS}elmeqm]IME[ EQ]S / @KOG

A5SWLME[ LI_GNAGQ 5:, 1251

]jg Age}qkx Eccgssiqkgs Di`mJi`kme{ Ci``gc}kil ks cinrisgmio sgvgl ne}cjkld wzwq{ 1=.feqe}di`m rè}gm elm jenngqgm kl}ing}e` c`w}cjgs elm aeld`gs tk}js}ilgs Oeawìws`{ }jgngm‐Ji`kme{ Sreqf`g,„ }jg di`mglsjggl io }jg c`w}cj aeds elmaeld`gs eccgl}we}gm a{ deqlg},

hemg iq il{z cel ag }jg lgz} `k}}`gaècf mqgss‛ ags} oqkglm

‐Oiq }je} srgcke` gvgl}, tjg}jgqk}‛s e srgcke` me}g kl e ris} qgs}ew.qel} iq el knriq}el} ji`kme{ gvgl},

}jg Age}qkx Eccgssiqkgs ci``gc}kilks }jgqg tk}j s}e}gngl} rkgcgs }je}{iw lggm }i neqf }je} ningl},„se{s Ceqksse ]jg ci``gc}kil cingstk}j mgskdls rè{ow``{ lengm Gn.rqgss Hemg, Deqlg} Swlawqs}, Nim.gql S}ilg, Aghgtg`gm S{nrjil{,Il{z Cjq{sel}jgnwn, MkenilmAw}}gqfikgs elm Qet Aqitl Ede}g

Agoiqg }jg Age}qkx Eccgssiqkgsci` gc}kil, Ceqksse rqimwcgm elmswrr kgm aeds elm eccgssiqkgs oiqFw }wqe e} SN mgreq}ngl} s}iqgs}jqiwdj jgq cinrel{ Ag` e ]qemkld

Ceqksse ks sjitawsklgss qi{e }{Jgq dqelmoe}jgq tes Mic Rgqgx io Senredwk}e S}wmkis ReldesklelQgr Dkle Mg _glgcke ks jgq ni}jgqCeqksse tes e`si e oiqngq ]qemg Wl.mgqsgcqg}eq{ elm }jg ni}jgq io }ti

mewdj}gqs, Kseag`è Age}qkcg, stvg,elmDeaqkg``g Oqelcgsce, }jqgg

[gs, Ceqksse lengm Age}qkx eo}gqilg io jgq mewdj}gqs

Sjg s}wmkgm Erreqg` Nelwoec.}wqkld e} }jg Oesjkil Kls}k}w}g io Mgskdl elm Ngqcjelmkskld kl SelOqelcksci, Ce`koiqlke kl 1223 Sjge`si jes e Nes}gqs kl Awsklgss Em.nklks}qe}kil oqin }jg Wlkvgqsk}{io Ais}il tjk`g jgq wlmgqdqemwe}gs}wm{ kl Neledgngl} tes cin.r`g}gm e} E}glgi mg Nelkè Wlk.vgqsk}{ kl 5;;3

Ceqksse‛s errqgcke}kil oiq ìce`cqeo}sngl, mgskdlgqs elm eq}ks}stes aiqlg iw} io jgq mgcemgs io tiqf gzrgqkglcg e} }jg ]qemg elmKlmws}q{ Mgreq}ngl}, Aieqm io Kl.vgs}ngl}s elm Cgl}gq oiq Kl}gqle.}kile` ]qemg Gzrisk}kils elm Nks.skils *Ck}gn+

‐K} tes e} }je} }kng }je} K ceng }iflit elm nemg cil}ec} tk}j }jgnoqin mkoogqgl} req}s io }jg ciwl}q{Tg eqg si qkcj tk}j }e`gl}gm rgir`gkl mgskdl }je} K og`} rqkvk`gdgm }i agtiqfkld tk}j }jgn elm sjitcesg}jgkq tiqf,„ sjg se{s

‐Oiq }jg aqelm Age}qkx Eccgs.siqkgs, K tes klsrkqgm a{ }jg }e`.gl} elm cqeo}snelsjkr io iwq ìce`è}gqis *aècfsnk}j+ K tel}gm }isjitcesg }jgkq gzcgr}kile` sfk``s

/

CeqksseA{ Ceqè Niq}g`

C@ESSKC, g`gdel} {g} gmd{”}jgsg ags} mgscqkag }jgeccgssiqkgs io }jg Age}qkx Eccgssiqkgs Di`m Ji`kme{Ci``gc}kil qgcgl}`{ wlvgk`gm a{ Ceqksse Cqwx.Gveldg`ks}emwqkld el kl}kne}g de}jgqkld e} N Ceoë kl Nefe}k Ck}{

Age}qkx

Rqgsgl} mwqkld }jg ewlcj eqg *oqin go}+ C jk}i _khelmqg elm Qkcf{ ]i.`gmi io Okqne, Kseag` mg `gil io Nelkè Aw``g}kl, Qgr Dkle mg _glgcke,rjkèl}jqirks} Rklf{ ]iakeli, Ceqksse Cqwx. Gveldg`ks}e elm Hwelcji

Qia`gs

elm `gvg` io cqeo}snelsjkr kl cer.}wqkld }jg mgskdl ve`wgs }je} eqg qg.figc}kvg io n{ itl rgqsile` s}{`gTk}j }jks req}kcwèq ci``gc}kil, }jgè}gqis ceng oqin @wxil,„ emmsCeqksse

Kl }jg tiqfs oiq }jg Age}qkxEccgssiqkgs eqg ci``gc}kil rkgcgsnemg wr io sk`vgq, elm sk`vgq elmdi`m rkgcgs ]jks }kng, Ceqksserèls }i tiqf tk}j cqeo}sngloqin wr Liq}j kl Aedwki elmmitl Siw}j }i }jg _kse{es Sjge`si e`ìtgm e slgef rgef io jgqwrcinkld `klg io rwqsgs nemg iw}io stsj `ge}jgq mwqkld }jg èwlcj

Eskmg oqin }jg egs}jg}kcs, }jg

ng}e` c`w}cjgs eqg ngel} }i agowlc}kile` es tg`` tk}j e jelm{cinreq}ngl} }jg cel st} kl el kRim,sneq}rjilg, sne`` rwqsg, ritmgqcinrec}, `krs}kcf elm e nklk.recf io }ksswg rergq

Rqiwm`{ Rjk`krrklg.nemg, e``ne}gqke`s eqg ìce``{.siwqcgm

Gzc`wskvg`{ mks}qkaw}gm kl Okqnee} Dqgglag`} 3, }jg ce}gqs }i }jgjkdj.glm neqfg}

‐K nemg }jks ci``gc}kil tk}j}jg Ok`krkli jkdj.glm neqfg} srg.ckstce``{ kl nklm K tel}gm }i dkvg}jgn e ci``gc}kil }qw`{ mgmkce}gm}i }jg Ok`krkli tingl tji jem

tiqfgm }jgkq mwgs elm nemg }jgkq

neqf kl }jgkq qgsrgc}kvg stg`msK ag`kgvg }jg{ mgsgqvg e ci``gc.}kil }jg{ cel rqiwm`{ ce`` es }jgkqitl, elm fiewl} }jgn il srgcke`ji`kme{ icceskils,„ emms Ceqksse

Jgq mks}klc} s}{`g elm knrgcce. a`g }es}g tes stqs} sjitcesgm kl jgq Iak Ci``gc}kil io aeds elm ne}cj.kld ag`}s ]jgsg deqngl} rkgcgsnemg io vkl}edg cgqgnilke` Here.lgsg iak emiqlgm tk}j Steqivsfkcq{s}e` elm Herelgsg agems tgqgcjkc es oesjkil rkgcgs Kl }jg sengmgskdl }qecf, }jg Age}qkx Eccgssi.qkgs Di`m Ji`kme{ Ci``gc}kil cin.r`g}gs elm }kgs }idg}jgq }jg gvglkld

glsgna`g gesk {

Ceqksse lengm jgq hgtg`q{ klg eo}gq ilg io jgq }ti mewdj}gqs

]jg Age}qkx Ji`kme{ Ci``gc}kil cilsks}s io 1=.feqe} di`m rè}gm elm jeqlgssgm kl}i ng}e` c`w}cjgs elm aeld`gs

Ceqksse elm jgqnin, Reldesklel

Qgr Dkle mg_glgcke

] j g r k g c

g s e q g m

g s k d l g m

a { C e q k s

s e e l m o

e s j k i l g

m

a { O k k r k l

i e q } k s e l

s





Swlme{ EQ]S / @KOG Nelk eS}elmeqm]IME[

LI_GNAGQ 5:, 1251SWLME[A1

@ice}gm e} }jg aecf io }jg Oi`f Eq}s ]jge}gq e} }jg

CCR Cinr`gz, }jg RER s}wmki jes e oel}es}kc vkgt

io Nelkè Ae{ oiq sihiwqlgqs elm eq} ìvgqs Oiq oiwqSe}wqme{s kl Livgnagq elm Mgcgnagq, }jg Eq} a{ }jg

Ae{ tk`` sjitcesg }jg tiqfs io Ok`krkli nes}gqs es tg`ès }jg wr.elm.cinkld stdwqgs io }jg ìce` eq} scglg [iw

nkdj} gvgl cje} tk}j sing io }jgsg eq}ks}s elm qg`ksj

}jg vkgtK} ks ilg io RER‛s ekns }i gzrisg }jg dglgqe` rwa`kc

qgdeqmkld }jg eq} oiqn io rqkl}nefkld Rqkl}nefkld

jes aggl eqiwlm }jg tiq`m oiq cgl}wqkgs ]jgqg ks enesskvg `gdec{ enild }jg tiq`m‛s dqge}gs} eq}ks}s }je}

mg`vgm kl}i rqkl}nefkld Srekl‛s Oqelcksci Di{e‛s ìs

Cerqkcjis jevg gzrisgm }jg jiqqiqs io teq cgl}wqkgsedi 12}j Cgl}wq{ `wnkleq{ Reaì Rkcessi jes nemg

sgvgqe` rqkl}s eìldskmg jks rekl}klds Elm{ Teqji` jescgngl}gm rir eq} kl }jg dìae` cilsckiwslgss tk}j jks

sgqkdqerj riq}qek}s io cg`gaqk}kgs kfg Neqk`{l Nilqig

Gvgl iwq vgq{ itl Le}kile` Eq}ks}s tji mg`vgm kl}i}jks io}.nkswlmgqs}iim eq} Agl Ceaqgqe si`kmkstgm jks

vkskils vke rqkl}nefkld elm jg jknsgò ks e RER ngnagq

es tg`` es e swrriq}gq io rqkl}nefkld

Enild }jg cwqqgl} RER ngnagqs eqg flitl

nes}gqs io Rjk`krrklg _kswe` Eq}s Relm{ Evkemi tjijes aggl uwk}g rqinklgl} elm vkska`g kl }jg Rjk`krrklg

Eq} Scglg tk}j jks ai`m vkskils Eìld tk}j jks ks

jks og`ìt rqkl}nefgq elm gmwce}iq Qew` Kskmqi tjijes eq}kcwè}gm jks }jiwdj}s il s}eqf elm cinrg``kld

eas}qec}kil ai}j il celves elm kl rqkl} RER ks e`sirqiwm io k}s s}ea`g io wrcinkld {iwld eq}ks}s swcj es }jg

qgcgl} 53 Eq}ks} eteqmgg Hig{ Ciaciai tji ks enild

}jg lgt dglgqe}kil tji sggf }i rwsj }jg glvgìrg io rqkl}nefkld kl }jg 15s} Cgl}wq{

]jgkq tiqfs eìld tk}j }jg rqkl}s io Eldgì Nedli,Helis Mgècqwx, Aglhkg ]iqqemi, Lig` Oeqqi , Awgl

Eaqkdi tk` ag evekèa`g e} }jg Eq} a{ }jg Ae{ RER e si

cilmwc}s tiqfsjirs il rqkl}nefkld oiq kl}gqgs}gm dqiwrs]jg RER klvk}gs {iw }i }jgkq Eq} A{ }jg Ae{ elm

skr tklg, sgg }jg oel}es}kc swlsg} elm ag swqqiwlmgm

a{ dqge} eq}Oiq niqg kloiqne}kil cil}ec} Dgì Nedli *2;14+.

?7=3424

]JG swccgss io }jg qgcgl}`{ cilc`wmgm Ceqklmgqke Okgs}e 1251 e} }jg

Tiq`m ]qemg Cgl}gq gl`kvglgm ilg io }jg }qws}gm oiim aqelms kl }jgciwl}q{ Rwqgoiims sjitgm k}s swrriq} }i e`` req}kckre}kld ceqklmg.qkes }jqiwdj k}s mksrè{ aii}j, leng`{ Gve‛s ceqklmgqke elm E`kldS}eq, emhiklkld }jg }ti ceqklmgqkes tgqg }jg tiqms, Fereq}lgq se

EsglsiCeqklmgqke Okgs}e 1251 te`f.kl vksk}iqs tgqg gz}qgng`{ dèm }i

nefg Gve‛s ceqklmgqke elm E`kld S}eq‛s ceqklmgqke }jgkq ‐}enae{el„es }jg{ tgqg kl }jg qgcgkvkld glm io }jg klcgssel} rqimwc} senr`kldelm ogs}kvg aii}j ec}kvk}kgs Rwqgoiims S}eq Ciqlgm Aggo gm }jg recf io Rwqgoiims rqimwc}s gs}ggngm oiq k}s sknr`g ciifkld rqicgmwqg}je} cel gk}jgq ag nkzgm kl}i e }iq}e iq cèsskce``{ sew}ëgm kl ilkilselm ri}e}igs, sgqvgm tk}j gz}qe.s}gen{ qkcg

Rwqgoiims aeje{.ceqklmgqke cilvg{gm}je} ceqkld oiq ceqkl.mgqkes ks }jgkq te{ io g`gve}kld jingnemgnge`s }i e cgq}ekls}elmeqm ngeswqgmli} a{ nilg}eq{ ve`wg

eìlg ]jg Ags} Rwqg.oiims S}eq CiqlgmAggo eteqms sekm k}e`` a{ qgcidlkxkldceqklmgqke itlgqs,fwsklgqielm fwsklgqekl }gqns io cqge}kvk}{,kllive}kil, j{dkglgelm selk}e}kil ]jgeteqmggs eqg Aea{Helg Aiqhe io Qg{.nil Ge}gq{, _klejAwd}es io Gqlkld‛sCgaw @gcjil elm_kcf{ _k`èqwg` io _kcf{‛s Ge}gq{

Es }jg ceqklmgqkerqgreqgs oiq }jg lgz}me{‛s nglw, itlgqscel }efg cinoiq} kl

flitkld }je} Rwqgoiims cel jg`r }jgn neledg }jgkq oiim cis} ag}.

}gq tk}jiw} cinrqinkskld uwe`k}{ @geqlkld oqin ilg io }jg ciifkldmgnis io Sel Nkdwg` Cw`kleq{ Cgl}gq tk}j }ir cjgo S{`vke Qg{lisiDeè‛s Nedli`ke E`` Rwqrisg Oìwq Rw}i rekqgm tk}j Rwqgoiims S}eqCiqlgm Aggo, ceqklmgqke itlgqs cel qgs} esswqgm }je} cws}ingqs tk``lgvgq di }kqgm kl }efkld }jgkq nis} el}kckre}gm `wlcj aqgefs kl }jgkqoeviwqk}g ceqklmgqkes Il`{ uwe`k}{ rqimwc}s, tk}j gnrjesks il oqgsj.lgss, fieviq elm c`gel`klgss, eqg agkld wsgm es kldqgmkgl}s oiq }jgkq nge`s Diim uwe`k}{ kldqgmkgl}s rqimwcg diim uwe`k}{ vkelms

Rwqgoiims }efgs }jks qi`g }i jgeq} agkld e }qws}gm oiim swrr`kgq}je} essks}s ceqklmgqkes kl geqlkld }ti }jwnas wr elm tiqm io niw}jneqfg}kld oqin }jgkq i{e` cws}ingqs

Niqlkld ‚}k` swl mitl, Rwqgoiims jes e`` }jg rqimwc}s ceqklmgqkeslggm Rwqgoiims ]glmgq Hwkc{ Ji}mids eqg e mg`kdj} oiq fkms mwqkldaqgefoes}, `wlcj, ngqkglme iq gvgl mkllgq Rwqgoiims @kvgq Srqgemelm Rqkni m‛K}e`ke ]irrklds jem k} e`` dikl‛ es stlksjkld mg}ek`s ilqkcg nge`s, nglwmi iq ce`mgqg}e @kvgq Srqgem digs tg`` tk}j rel.mgse` elm aqgem }ii% Jen selmtkcjgs tk}j Rwqgoiims S}eq Jen eqge`si rgqogc} oiq ngqkglme K} ks gvgl geskgq }i rqgreqg rw`w}el tk}jWèn Fkld elm Rwqgoiims Skxx`kld Skskd Ilg cel lgvgq di tqildtk}j e swlmq{ io Rwqgoiims‛ mkscivgqkgs elm kllive}kil6 e ritgq

aqelm mgmkce}gm oiq e aiinkld sgdngl} }je} ks }jg ceqklmgqkes

Oiim aqelm swrriq}ssne`` awsklgssgs

Eq}

Ae{a{ }jg

A{ Cjild Eqmkvk`è

LI]JKLD cel qkve` }jg nehgs}kc Nelkè Ae{ Swlsg} ]jg

Rjk`krrklg Essicke}kil io Rqkl}nefgqs esfs {iw }i tk}lgss }jksoel}es}kc vkgt eìldskmg dqge} eq} tiqfs oqin }jgkq ngnagqs IlLiv 1= elm il Mgc 5 elm :, }jg RER ngnagqs eqg irglkld }jgkqs}wmki miiqs }i eq} gl}jwskes}s elm rwqcjesg dqiwr‛s veqkiws tiqfsil mksrè{

Rwqgoiims Jiqng` Klc, rqimwc} neledgqHi{cg Heciag

NEDLWN qgcgl}`{ èwlcjgm }jg è}gs} em.mk}kil }i }jg Nedlwn Kcg Cqgen ci``gc}kil,}jg Nedlwn Cjici Cerwcckli ]jg lgtgs}fieviq aies}s io }jg rgqogc} a`glm io cqgen{velk`è kcg cqgen tk}j snii}j cerrwccklisewcg qkrr`g, civgqgm kl }jkcf cqecfkld Ag`.dkel cjiciè}g elm stgg} cqwlcj{ rkgcgs

]jg gvgl} tes jg`m e} }jg stelf{ @esOìqgs qgs}ewqel} e} }jg Ailkoecki Dìae`Ck}{ elm tes e}}glmgm a{ }jg Nedlwnaqelm enaessemiqs, cg`gaqk}kgs elm ng.

mke rgqsile`k}kgs Irglkld }jg gvgl} teslilg i}jgq }jel Hijl Cilcgrckil, cjkgo gzgcw}kvg elm neledkld mkqgc}iq io Wlk.`gvgq QON Kcg Cqgen Klc, tji tg`cingmdwgs}s elm }jelfgm }jgn oiq }jgkq wltevgq.kld swrriq} io }jg Nedlwn aqelm ]jks tesoi`ìtgm a{ el gl}gq}eklkld rgqoiqnelcg

a{ }jg agew}kow` skldgq, Ce}qkile Dqe{Nedlwn jes mg`kdj}gm }jg reè}gs elmse}ksstgm }jg cqevklds io mkscqknkle}kld r`ge.swqg sggfgqs e`` ivgq }jg tiq`m ‐Tg eqg vgq{

gzck}gm oiq }jks wlvgk`kld io }jg NedlwnCjici Cerwcckli,„ se{s Aqkel Cjel{wldci,Nedlwn aqelm neledgq ‐]jks fieviq ks rgq.ogc} oiq Ok`krklis sknr`{ agcewsg tg ìvgcioogg ]jks ks gvkmgl} a{ }jg rqgsglcg io sinel{ cioogg sjirs eqiwlm }jg ciwl}q{ Silit {iw jevg e rqimwc} }je} ioogqs cioogg,kcg cqgen elm rqgnkwn Ag`dkel cjiciè}g K

mil‛} }jklf k} cel dg} el{ ag}}gq }jel }je}%„

A ki ìd { @gssil, Kl }ed

ki rq kl } a { Relm { E v k

emi

Gldqevkld a{ Aglhenkl ]iqqemi Ceaqgqe

]jg è}gs} emmk}kil

Qiaakg

Ceqniletk}j Rgecj{elm HijlCilcgrckil

@kx W{ ]gsse Rqkg}i._e`mgs

Qwooe Dw}kgqqgx

Re}qkcke Rqkg}i, @ewqggl W{ elm Cenk``g Ci

Qe{nilm Dw}kgqqgx, Hgel Nemqkm, Si`gll Jgwsseoo, Age Siqkeli, Aqkel Cjel{wldci elm Qehi

@ewqg`





A3LI_GNAGQ 5:, 1251SWLME[

Swlme{ }gcj,ns},rj

NelkèS}elmeqm]IME[

gnek`8 }gcjBns}rj

Cilswngqs deklCINMMER se`goqin

CILSWNGQSelm sne`` awsklgssitlgqs mgckmkld

il }jgkq guwkrngl}lggms oiq jingiq iostcg wsgtk`` dekl oqinklvgs}kld kl jkdj.ve`wg kloiqne}kil}gcjliìd{rqimwc}scwqqgl}`{ il se`ge} CINMMERGzri Nelkè 1251wl}k` Swlme{,Livgnagq 5: e}

}jg Tiq`m ]qemgCgl}gq Ng}qiNelkè kl Rese{Ck}{, ecciqmkld}i Hgoogqsil ]Rèxe, Cinrw}gqNelwoec}wqgqs,Mge`gqs elmMks}qkaw}iqsEssicke}kil io }jg Rjk`krrklgsGzri Nelkè 1251cjekqnel

‐Oqin }jg rkilggqkld elmìldgs}.qwllkld }gcjliìd{gzjkak} cinnk}}gm }i rqini}kld}jg wsg io K] kl e`` `gvg`s, qekskldrqimwc}kvk}{, elm cinrg}k}kvglgssio rqiogsskile`s, jing iostcgwsgqs elm sne`` awsklgssgs,}jg CINMMER Gzri jesagcing }jg èqdgs} rqg.ji`kme{}gcjliìd{ se`g gvgl} kl }jgRjk`krrklgs }ime{,„ Rèxe }i`mNelkè S}elmeqm

]jg Gzri ioogqs swas}el}ke`mksciwl}s, srgcke` mge`s, awlm`gmrqini}kils, }qemg.kls elmi}jgq Gzri.gzc`wskvg ioogqsil cinrw}gqs elm eccgssiqkgs,nilk}iqs, èr}irs *li}gaiifs elm

Ciwl}q{‛s akddgs} K] sjit elm aexeeq, CINMMER Gzri Nelkè 1251 e} }jg Tiq`m ]qemg Cgl}gq gzrgc}s }i gzcggm ès} {geq‛s cqitmio niqg }jel 54,222 K] cilswngqs, sne`` awsklgss itlgqs, rqiogsskile`s elm gl}jwskes}s

lg}aiifs+, rqkl}gqs, rqihgc}iqs,sneq}rjilgs, }ea`g}s, enild i}jgqdemdg}s

‐]jg K] sjit‛s }jgng ‚NefgK] tiqf = W„ swns wr iwqcinnk}ngl} }i ioogq }jg è}gs}rqimwc}s oqin dìae` elm ìce`}gcjliìd{ aqelms e} }jgkq nis}eooiqmea`g rqkcgs elm cinr`g}gtk}j gl}kckld oqggakgs,„ Rèxesekm

]jg ellwe` CINMMER Gzriks oqgg io cjeqdg }i }jg rwa`kc

@gemkld K] sg``gqs req}kckre}g kl}jg }jqgg.me{ K] sjirrkld srqggklc`wmkld Emvelcg Si`w}kils, Klc6Es}gcj Rgldsil Mks}qkaw}iqs, Klc6Cinr`klf Neqfg}kld, Klc6 Cia{F{qis ]iwcjscqggl Kl}gqlg} ]ea`g}6Kloitiqz, Klc6 Kl}gqle}kile`Nkcqivk`èdg, Klc6 HND6 Nws}eqm

Sggm S{s}gns Ciqriqe}kil6Leli}gc Ciqriqe}kil6 Gmwrqi,Klc6 Hwrk}gq S{s}gns, Klc6 Lgzws

]gcjliìdkgs, Klc6 SrkltgaRqimwc}kils, Klc6 ]qklk}{Neqfg}kld, Klc6 elm Tiqm}gz}S{s}gns, Klc

Emvelcg Si`w}kils ioogqsmksciwl}s il e tkmg eqqe{ io èr}irs, klc`wmkld @glivi X=42elm D=42 li}gaiifs a{ wr }i 14rgqcgl} iq cìsg }i R52,222 sevkld6Esws denkld li}gaiif D47_T e}14 rgqcgl} iq es nwcj es R1?,222sevkld6 elm Mg`` Klsrkqil 53x,5=x, 57x, elm L=272 li}gaiifsa{ wr }i 12 rgqcgl}

]jg cinrel{ e`si ioogqs rqkcgcw}s il Ecgq lg}aiifs 142, 47?,elm G5.=45 a{ wr }i 5; rgqcgl} iqcìsg }i R=,222 sevkld6 JR Oi`ki

53 w`}qeaiif elm li}gaiifs a{ wr}i 53 rgqcgl} iq es nwcj es R?,222sevkld6 elm Senswld lg}aiifs a{

wr }i lklg rgqcgl}Es}gcj Rgldsil dkvgs itlgqs

io i`m tiqfkld iq lil.tiqfkldrqihgc}iqs *el{ aqelm+ e cjelcg}i dg} e lgt AglU S_DE 1,422ELSK `wngls rqihgc}iq e} il`{R5=,222, iq e R=,222 sevkldoqin }jg iqkdkle` R5:,222 ]jg{cel e`si tkl e AglU DR1 @GMrqihgc}iq ve`wgm e} R33,722 ko }jg{‐`kfg„ AglU Rqihgc}iq Rjk`krrklgsil Oecgaiif

Cinr`klf sjevgs ioo gkdj}rgqcgl} eìld tk}j gzc`wskvgoqggakgs }i aw{gqs io sg`gc}gm]isjkae lg}aiifs, li}gaiifs,w`}qeaiifs, Kv{ Aqkmdg rqicgssiqselm }ea`g}s wlmgq Se}g``k}g,

Riq}gdg, elm Qgdxe sgqkgs ]jgcinrel{ e`si ioogqs @kogz}glm,el gz}glmgm rqimwc} teqqel}{ io

ilg }i }ti {geqs il }ir io }jgnelwoec}wqgq‛s teqqel}{

]ea`g} gl}jwskes}s dg}s stvgrgqcgl} mksciwl} il WS aqelmCia{ F{qis ]iwcjscqggl Kl}gqlg}]ea`g}s oiq k}s rqimwc}s rqkcgmoqin R7,;;7 elm wr Cinr`klf e`si ioogqs NKM42=1, NKM:2=1,NKM;4=2, NKM52=1, elmNKM;2=1 nimg`s e} }jg Gzri

Kl}gqle}kile` Nkcqi _k`èdgioogqs wr }i 72 rgqcgl} mksciwl}il Evkqe El}kvkqws Rqgnkwn elmEvkqe Kl}gqlg} Sgcwqk}{ vgqskils55 elm 51 Rqkcgs oiq Evkqe‛sw`}qeoes}, cìwm.gljelcgm vkqwsrqi}gc}kil elm sgcwqk}{ sio}teqgqeldgs ag}tggl R=42 }i R5,422

e} }jg Gzri ]jg cinrel{ e`sidkvgs wr }i 32 rgqcgl} mksciwl} il@glivi ]jklfRem Gmdg nimg`sG332, G=32, S=32

Leli}gc Ciqriqe}kil gz}glms wr}i 32 rgqcgl} mksciwl} il sg`gc}gmni}jgqaieqms, ceskld, ritgq swrr`{,fg{aieqms, niwsg elm jgemsg}s,ae}}gq{ recfs, èr}ir cjeqdgqs,elm cii`gqs oqin ]jgqne`}efg) ]}

gSRIQ]S, Ciqsekq, OSR)Enecqizelm ESQicfTiqm}gz} S{s}gns dkvgs

wr }i 72 rgqcgl} mksciwl} il1251 NcEogg El}kvkqws R`ws,Kl}gqlg} Sgcwqk}{ Swk}g elm ]i}e`Rqi}gc}kil tk}j oqgg wrdqemg }i1253 vgqskil elm NcEogg }qemg.kl mge`s6 wr }i 72 rgqcgl} mksciwl}il Nkcqisio} jeqmteqg *niwsg,fg{aieqm elm jgemsg}+6 elm 12rgqcgl} mksciwl} il qkaails oiqRqkl}qilkz rqkl}gqs TSK gz}glmsmksciwl}s il Nkcqisio} sio}teqgawlm`g mge`s elm S}eq RIS rqkl}gq}qemg.kl ioogq

Tk}j oicws il cilswngq, sne`àwsklgss elm gl}gqrqksg neqfg}s,CINMMER Gzri jes `klgm wr}jg oi`ìtkld sgnkleqs8 Tklmits: elm Tklmits.qwl rqimwc}sa{ Nkcqisio} *Oqkme{, Liv 5?,

55 en.= rn+, ‐Cjeldkld}jg Deng tk}j Aecfwr Gzgc3?22 Err`kelcg„ a{ S{nel}gc*Se}wqme{, Liv 54, 1 rn.=rn+, elm C{agqcqkng @et a{ }jgMgreq}ngl} io hws}kcg *Swlme{,Liv 5:, 55 en.1 rn+

ARK, Sgcwqk}{ Aelf Nes}gqCeqmelm Mklgqs C`wa Kl}gqle}kile`ceqmji`mgqs *2' kls}e``ngl} rèlgzc`wskvg }i Gzri aw{gqs+ ne{cjeqdg }jgkq rwqcjesgs ilsk}g

CINMMER sgcqg}eqke} celag qgecjgm e} :52.3:5= *gnek`8gzjkak}Bcinmmeriqd iq kloiBcinmmeriqd+ Niqg kloiqne}kileaiw} }jg gvgl} ks evekèa`g e}j}}r8))ttt,cinmmer,iqd,


Mgreq}ngl} io Rwa`kc Tiqfs elm Jkdjte{sLWG_E _KXCE[E 1LM MKS]QKC] GLDKLGGQKLD IOOKCG

IOOKCG IO ]JG MKS]QKC] GLDKLGGQNeèskl, Mwrez mg` Liq}g, Lwgve _kxce{e

KL_K]E]KIL ]I AKM

]jg Mgreq}ngl} io Rwa`kc Tiqfs elm Jkdjte{s – Lwgve _kxce{e 1 lm Mks}qkc} GldklggqkldIocg, }jqiwdj k}s Akms elm Eteqms Cinnk}}gg *AEC+, klvk}gs cil}qec}iqs }i err`{ }i akm oiq }jgoi`ìtkld cil}qec}*s+8

5 Cil}qec} KM8 51AH22??Leng io Rqihgc}8 Qiem Wrdqemkld *Dqevg` }i Revgm+ aesgm il Dqevg` Qiem

S}qe}gdkgs, ]qeoc Aglcjneqf oiq Wrdqemkld }i Revgm QiemS}elmeqm *JMN.= Rqihgc} Ele`{sks+ NOI.1+, Kl}gqnk}}gl} Sgc}kil,

Eqk}ei.Uwkqkli Qiem, F 21:;&?;1.F 21;5&722@ice}kil8 Ce}eqetel.Ak{i{ Sgc}kil, Feskaw, Lwgve _kxce{eAqkgo Mgscqkr}kil8 Cilcqg}kld io ?42 z 213 z5,2?:2 `ln qiemte{6 kls}e`è}kil io

512 `ln, ;52nn mke QCRC6 cils}qwc}kil io 32 z 32 z 52nQCAC6 cils}qwc}kil io =2245 cwn dqiw}gm qkrqer elm ;:14?cwn s}ilg nesilq{ tiqfs

Nehiq K}gns io Tiqf8 K}gn 355 *5+ 8 RCCR, 13n }jf6 K}gn 1228 Eddqgde}g Swaaesg Ciwqsg6 K}gn72?8 S}ilg Nesilq{

Errqivgm Awmdg} oiq }jg Cil}qec} *EAC+8 R 3?,415,?1137Mwqe}kil8 152 CM

1 Cil}qec} KM8 51AH22?4Leng io Rqihgc}8 Qgrècgngl} io ]gnriqeq{ }i Rgqnelgl} Aqkmdgs dglgqe}gm oqin

Aqkmdg Neledgngl} S{s}gn *ANS+, Knwdel Aqkmdg eìld Lwgve_kxce{e.Reldesklel Qiem

@ice}kil8 S}e Og, Lwgve _kxce{eAqkgo Mgscqkr}kil8 Cils}qwc}kil io :7= z 522 ln e} sèa aqkmdg6 cilcqg}kld io ?4

z 213 z 412 ln qiemte{6 cils}qwc}kil io =2 z =22 ln mg}iwq qiem

Nehiq K}gns io Tiqf8 K}gn =2= 8 Qgkloiqckld S}gg`, Dqemg =26 K}gn =278 S}qwc}wqe` Cilcqg}gCèss ‐E„

Errqivgm Awmdg} oiq }jg Cil}qec} *EAC+8 R 4,73?,?5:?5Mwqe}kil8 572 CM

3 Cil}qec} KM8 51AH22?:Leng io Rqihgc}8 Qgrècgngl} io ]gnriqeq{ }i Rgqnelgl} Aqkmdgs dglgqe}gm oqin

Aqkmdg Neledgngl} S{s}gn *ANS+, Rere{e Aqkmdg eìld Rere{e.Neèakld.Telde`.Aklidetel.]emhk.Qwlqwli Qiem

@ice}kil8 Feskaw, Lwgve _kxce{eAqkgo Mgscqkr}kil8 Cils}qwc}kil io :7=n z 522 n e} sèa aqkmdgNehiq K}gns io Tiq8 K}gn =2= 8 Qgkloiqckld S}gg`, Dqemg =26 K}gn =278 S}qwc}wqe`

Cilcqg}g Cèss ‐E„Errqivgm Awmdg} oiq }jg Cil}qec} *EAC+8 R 7,317,32222Mwqe}kil8 572 CM

Rqicwqgngl} tk`` ag cilmwc}gm }jqiwdj irgl cinrg}k}kvg akmmkld rqicgmwqgs kl ecciqmelcgtk}j QE ;5:= elm k}s Qgvksgm Knr`gngl}kld Qw`gs elm Qgdwè}kils

]i akm oiq }jks cil}qec}, e cil}qec}iq nws} swank} e @g}}gq io Kl}gl} *@IK+, rwqcjesg akmmicwngl}s elm nws} ngg} }jg oi`ìtkld nehiq cqk}gqke8 *e+ rqkiq qgdks}qe}kil tk}j MRTJ, *a+ Ok`krklick}kxgl iq 47' Ok`krkli.itlgm req}lgqsjkr, ciqriqe}kil, ciirgqe}kvg, iq hikl} vgl}wqg, *c+ tk}j RCEA`kcglsg err`kcea`g }i }jg }{rg elm cis} io }jks cil}qec}, *m+ cinr`g}kil io e sknkèq cil}qec} cis}klde} `ges} 72' io EAC tk}jkl e rgqkim io 52 {geqs, elm *g+ Lg} Oklelcke` Cil}qec}kld Cereck}{ e}`ges} guwe` }i EAC, iq cqgmk} `klg cinnk}ngl} e} `ges} guwe` }i 52' io EAC ]jg AEC tk`` wsglilmkscqg}kileq{ ress)oek` cqk}gqke kl }jg g`kdkak`k}{ cjgcf elm rqg`knkleq{ gzenkle}kil io akms

Wlqgdks}gqgm cil}qec}iqs, jitgvgq, sje`` swank} }jgkq err`kce}kils oiq qgdks}qe}kil }i }jgMRTJ.RICT Cgl}qe` Iocg agoiqg }jg mgem`klg oiq }jg qgcgkr} io @IK ]jg MRTJ RICT.Cgl}qeÌocg tk`` il`{ rqicgss cil}qec}iqs‛ err`kce}kils oiq qgdks}qe}kil tk}j cinr`g}g qguwkqgngl}s elmksswg }jg Cil}qec}iq‛s Cgq}kce}g io Qgdks}qe}kil *CQC+ Qgdks}qe}kil Oiqns ne{ ag mitlìemgme} }jg MRTJ tgask}g

]jg skdlkcel} }kngs elm mgem`klgs io rqicwqgngl} ec}kvk}kgs eqg sjitl agìt8

AEC Ec}kvk}kgs Scjgmw`g

5 Ksswelcg io Akmmkld Micwngl}s Ic}iagq 17.Livgnagq 57, 1251

1 Rqg.Akm Cilogqglcg Livgnagq 7, 1251 *1822 RN+

3 Mgem`klg io Qgcgkr} io @IK oqinRqisrgc}kvg Akmmgqs

Mgem`klg8 Livgnagq :, 1251 *7822 RN+

= Qgcgkr} io Akms Mgem`klg8 Livgnagq 57, 1251 *52822 EN+

7 Irglkld io Akms Mgem`klg8 Livgnagq 57, 1251 *1822RN+

]jg AEC tk`` ksswg jeqm cirkgs io Akmmkld Micwngl}s *AM‛s+ e} }jg Mgreq}ngl} io Rwa`kc Tiqfs elm Jkdjte{s – Lwgve _kxce{e 1lm Mks}qkc} Gldklggqkld Iocg, wril re{ngl} io elilqgowlmea`g ogg *rgq MNC #34, sgqkgs io 1251+ io }tgl}{ vg jwlmqgm rgsis *R17,22222+oiq K}gn #5 elm }gl }jiwselm rgsis *R52,22222+ oiq K}gns #1 elm #3 Rqisrgc}kvg akmmgqs ne{e`si mitlìem }jg AMs oqin }jg MRTJ tga sk}g, ko evekèa`g Rqisrgc}kvg akmmgqs }je} tk`` mitlìem}jg AMs oqin }jg MRTJ tgask}g sje`` re{ }jg sekm oggs il iq agoiqg }jg swanksskil io }jgkq akmmicwngl}s Akms nws} ag eccinrelkgm a{ e akm sgcwqk}{, kl }jg eniwl} elm eccgr}ea`g oiqn, ess}e}gm kl Sgc}kil 141 io }jg Qgvksgm KQQ

Rqisrgc}kvg akmmgqs sje`` swank} }jgkq mw`{ eccinr`ksjgm oiqns es srgckgm kl }jg AM‛skl }ti *1+ sgreqe}g sge`gm akm glvgìrgs }i }jg AEC Cjekqnel ]jg qs} glvgìrg sje`` cil}ekl}jg }gcjlkce` cinrilgl} io }jg akm, tjkcj sje`` klc`wmg e cir{ io }jg CQC ]jg sgcilm glvgìrgsje`` cil}ekl }jg lelcke` cinrilgl} io }jg akm Cil}qec} tk`` ag eteqmgm }i }jg @itgs} Ce`cwè}gmQgsrilskvg Akm es mg}gqnklgm kl }jg akm gve`we}kil elm ris}.uwe`kce}kil

]jg Mgreq}ngl} io Rwa`kc Tiqfs elm Jkdjte{s – Lwgve _kxce{e 1 lm Mks}qkc} GldklggqkldIocg qgsgqvgs }jg qkdj} }i eccgr} iq qghgc} el{ iq e`` akm elm }i ellw` }jg akmmkld rqicgss el{}kngagoiqg Cil}qec} eteqm, tk}jiw} klcwqqkld el{ keak`k}{ }i }jg eoogc}gm akmmgqs

Errqivgm a{ 8

*SDM+ OGQMKLELM N MINKLDIAEC, Cjekqnel

Li}gm 8

*SDM+ QIMI@OI N ]IQE@AE, HQ, CGI _KMks}qkc} Gldklggq

*NS].LI_ 5:, 1251+


Mgreq}ngl} io Rwa`kc Tiqfs elm Jkdjte{s

LWG_E _KXCE[E 1

LM

MKS]QKC] GLDKLGGQKLD IOOKCGIOOKCG IO ]JG MKS]QKC] GLDKLGGQ

Neèskl, Mwrez mg` Liq}g, Lwgve _kxce{e

KL_K]E]KIL ]I AKM]jg Mgreq}ngl} io Rwa`kc Tiqfs elm Jkdjte{s – Lwgve _kxce{e 1 lm Mks}qkc} GldklggqkldIocg, }jqiwdj k}s Akms elm Eteqms Cinnk}}gg *AEC+, klvk}gs cil}qec}iqs }i err`{ }i akm oiq }jg oi`ìtkld cil}qec}*s+8

5 Cil}qec} KM 8 51AH2241Leng io Rqihgc}8 @eni Oìim Cil}qi` eìld MN Hc} @eni.Neèskl Qiem, F

2171&222.F 217=&222, tk}j gzcgr}kil@ice}kil8 @eni Sgc}kil, Mwrez mg` Liq}g, Lwgve _kxce{eAqkgo Mgscqkr}kil8 Cils}qwc}kil io qwaa`g cilcqg}g qgvg}ngl}, cjellg` elm

s}qwc}wqg gzceve}kil tk}j mksrise` io tes}gNehiq K}gns io Tiqf8 K}gn 724 8 Qwaa`g Cilcqg}gErrqivgm Awmdg} oiq }jg Cil}qec} *EAC+8 R 5;,3;1,3?=3=Mwqe}kil8 5=7 CM

1 Cil}qec} KM8 51AH2243Leng io Rqihgc}8 Aeqecaec Oìim Cil}qi` eìld Lwgve _kxce{e.Reldesklel

Qiem, F 215?&222. F 2154&222, tk}j gzcgr}kil,@ice}kil8 Aeqecaec Sgc}kil, S}e Og, Lwgve _kxce{eAqkgo Mgscqkr}kil8 Cils}qwc}kil io qwaa`g cilcqg}g qgvg}ngl}Nehiq K}gns io Tiqf8 K}gn 724 8 Qwaa`g Cilcqg}gErrqivgm Awmdg} oiq }jg Cil}qec} *EAC+8 R 5;,3?7,;755;Mwqe}kil8 5=7 CM

Rqicwqgngl} tk`` ag cilmwc}gm }jqiwdj irgl cinrg}k}kvg akmmkld rqicgmwqgs kl ecciqmelcgtk}j QE ;5:= elm k}s Qgvksgm Knr`gngl}kld Qw`gs elm Qgdwè}kils

]i akm oiq }jks cil}qec}, e cil}qec}iq nws} swank} e @g}}gq io Kl}gl} *@IK+, rwqcjesg akmmicwngl}s elm nws} ngg} }jg oi`ìtkld nehiq cqk}gqke8 *e+ rqkiq qgdks}qe}kil tk}j MRTJ, *a+Ok`krkli ck}kxgl iq 47' Ok`krkli.itlgm req}lgqsjkr, ciqriqe}kil, ciirgqe}kvg, iq hikl} vgl}wqg,*c+ tk}j RCEA `kcglsg err`kcea`g }i }jg }{rg elm cis} io }jks cil}qec}, *m+ cinr`g}kil io e sknkèq cil}qec} cis}kld e} `ges} 72' io EAC tk}jkl e rgqkim io 52 {geqs, elm *g+ Lg}Oklelcke` Cil}qec}kld Cereck}{ e} `ges} guwe` }i EAC, iq cqgmk} `klg cinnk}ngl} e} `ges}guwe` }i 52' io EAC ]jg AEC tk`` wsg lilmkscqg}kileq{ ress)oek` cqk}gqke kl }jg g`kdkak`k}{cjgcf elm rqg`knkleq{ gzenkle}kil io akms

Wlqgdks}gqgm cil}qec}iqs, jitgvgq, sje`` swank} }jgkq err`kce}kils oiq qgdks}qe}kil }i }jgMRTJ.RICT Cgl}qe` Iocg agoiqg }jg mgem`klg oiq }jg qgcgkr} io @IK ]jg MRTJ RICT.Cgl}qe` Iocg tk`` il`{ rqicgss cil}qec}iqs‛ err`kce}kils oiq qgdks}qe}kil tk}j cinr`g}gqguwkqgngl}s elm ksswg }jg Cil}qec}iq‛s Cgq}kce}g io Qgdks}qe}kil *CQC+ Qgdks}qe}kilOiqns ne{ ag mitlìemgm e} }jg MRTJ tgask}g

]jg skdlkcel} }kngs elm mgem`klgs io rqicwqgngl} ec}kvk}kgs eqg sjitl agìt8

AEC Ec}kvk}kgs Scjgmw`g

5 Ksswelcg io Akmmkld Micwngl}s Ic}iagq 35.Livgnagq 11, 1251

1 Rqg.Akm Cilogqglcg Livgnagq 51, 1251 *1822 RN+

3 Mgem`klg io Qgcgkr} io @IK oqin Rqisrgc}kvgAkmmgqs

Mgem`klg8 Livgnagq 57, 1251 *7822 RN+

= Qgcgkr} io Akms Mgem`klg8 Livgnagq 11, 1251 *52822 EN+

7 Irglkld io Akms Mgem`klg8 Livgnagq 11, 1251 *1822RN+

]jg AEC tk`` ksswg jeqm cirkgs io Akmmkld Micwngl}s *AM‛s+ e} }jg Mgreq}ngl} io Rwa`kcTiqfs elm Jkdjte{s – Lwgve _kxce{e 1 lm Mks}qkc} Gldklggqkld Iocg, wril re{ngl} io elilqgowlmea`g ogg *rgq MI #71, sgqkgs io 1255+ io vg jwlmqgm rgsis *R72222+ oiq K}gns #5 elm #1 elm ilg }jiwselm rgsis *R5,22222+ oiq K}gn #3 elm }tgl}{ vg}jiwselm rgsis *R17,22222+ oiq K}gn #1 Rqisrgc}kvg akmmgqs ne{ e`si mitlìem }jgAMs oqin }jg MRTJ tga sk}g, ko evekèa`g Rqisrgc}kvg akmmgqs }je} tk`` mitlìem }jg AMsoqin }jg MRTJ tgask}g sje`` re{ }jg sekm oggs il iq agoiqg }jg swanksskil io }jgkq akmmicwngl}s Akms nws} ag eccinrelkgm a{ e akm sgcwqk}{, kl }jg eniwl} elm eccgr}ea`g oiqn,es s}e}gm kl Sgc}kil 141 io }jg Qgvksgm KQQ

Rqisrgc}kvg akmmgqs sje` swank} }jgkq mw`{ eccinr ksjgm oiqns es srgckgm kl }jg AM‛s kl }ti*1+ sgreqe}g sge`gm akm glvgìrgs }i }jg AEC Cjekqnel ]jg qs} glvgìrg sje` cil}ekl }jg}gcjlkce` cinrilgl} io }jg akm, tjkcj sje` klc`wmg e cir{ io }jg CQC ]jg sgcilm glvgìrgsje` cil}ekl }jg lelcke` cinrilgl} io }jg akm Cil}qec} tk ` ag eteqmgm }i }jg @itgs}Ce`cwè}gm Qgsrilskvg Akm es mg}gqnklgm kl }jg akm gve`we}kil elm ris}.uwe kce}kil

]jg Mgreq}ngl} io Rwa`kc Tiqfs elm Jkdjte{s – Lwgve _kxce{e 1 lm Mks}qkc} GldklggqkldIocg qgsgqvgs }jg qkdj} }i eccgr} iq qghgc} el{ iq e`` akm elm }i ellw` }jg akmmkld rqicgssel{}kng agoiqg Cil}qec} eteqm, tk}jiw} klcwqqkld el{ `keak`k}{ }i }jg eoogc}gm akmmgqs

Errqivgm a{ 8

*SDM+ OGQMKLELM N MINKLDIAEC, Cjekqnel

Li}gm 8

*SDM+ QIMI@OI N ]IQE@AE, HQ, CGI _KMks}qkc} Gldklggq

*NS].LI_ 5:, 1251+*NS].LI_ 5:, 1251+

Qgrwa`kc io }jg Rjk`krrklgsMGREQ]NGL] IO RWA@KC TIQFS / JKDJTE[S

IOOKCG IO ]JG MKS]QKC] GLDKLGGQ ME_EI MG@ SWQ 1lm MKS]QKC] GLDKLGGQKLD IOOKCG

Awjeldkl, Ne`k}e, Mevei mg` Swq

KL_K]E]KIL ]I AKM

5 ]jg Mgreq}ngl} io Rwa kc Tiqfs elm Jkdjte{s 1 lm Mks}qkc} Gldklggqkld Iocg,Awjeldkl, Ne`k}e Mevei mg` Swq, }jqiwdj }jg W}k`kxe}kil io Sevklds mgqkvgm oqinRqihgc} wlmgq O[ 1255 Awmdg}^ kl}glms }i err`{ }jg swn io oi`ìtkld swn }ire{ngl}s wlmgq ciqqgsrilmkld cil}qec}s `ks}gm jgqgwlmgq Akms qgcgkvgm kl gzcgssio }jg EAC sje`` ag ew}ine}kce``{ qghgc}gm e} akm irglkld

5 Cil}qec} KM 51@G225?

Cil}qec} Leng)@ice}kilQiem Wrdqemkld *dqevg` }i revgm+.Mevei.SeqeldelkCies}e` Qiem, Neèèd.Ne`k}e.HES Qiem6 fn5?:?&;=2.fn 5?:4&732, @enkmel Sgc}kil

Scirg io Tiqfs Qiemte{ elm MqekledgSiwqcg io Owlm Sevklds mgqkvgm oqin Rqihgc} wlmgq O[ 1255 Awmdg} Errqivgm Awmdg} oiq }jg Cil}qec} R52,5;2,72222

1 Cil}qec} KM 51@G2254

Cil}qec} Leng)@ice}kilQiem Wrdqemkld *dqevg` }i revgm+.Mevei.SeqeldelkCies}e` Qiem, Neèèd.Ne`k}e.HES Qiem6 fn5?::&4?2.fn 5?::&5,55;:27, @elkrei Sgc}kil

Scirg io Tiqfs Qiemte{ elm MqekledgSiwqcg io Owlm Sevklds mgqkvgm oqin Rqihgc} wlmgq O[ 1255 Awmdg} Errqivgm Awmdg} oiq }jg Cil}qec} R52,:5;,72222

1 ]jg MRTJ 1 lm Mks}qkc} Gldklggqkld Iocg, Awjeldkl, Ne`k}e, Mevei mg` Swq litklvk}gs akms oiq eaivg.ngl}kilgm cil}qec} Akmmgqs sjiw`m jevg cinr`g}gm,tk}jkl }gl *52+ {geqs oqin }jg me}g io swanksskil elm qgcgkr} io akms, e cil}qec}sknkèq }i }jg Rqihgc} ]jg mgscqkr}kil io el g`kdka`g akmmgq ks cil}eklgm kl}jg Akmmkld Micwngl}s, req}kcwèq`{, kl Sgc}kil KK Kls}qwc}kil }i Akmmgqs

3 Akmmkld tk`` ag cilmwc}gm }jqiwdj irgl cinrg}k}kvg akmmkld rqicgmwqgswskld lil.mkscqg}kileq{ ress)oek` cqk}gqkil es srgckgm kl }jgKnr`gngl}kld Qw`gs elm Qgdwè}kils *KQQ+ io Qgrwa`kc Ec} ;5:= *QE;5:=+, i}jgqtksg flitl es }jg Divgqlngl} Rqicwqgngl} Qgoiqn Ec}„

Akmmkld ks qgs}qkc}gm }i Ok`krkli ck}kxgls)si`g rqirqkg}iqsjkrs, req}lgqsjkrs,iq iqdelkxe}kils tk}j e} `ges} sgvgl}{ vg rgqcgl} *47'+ kl}gqgs} iq iw}s}elmkld cerk}e` s}icf agìldkld }i ck}kxgls io }jg Rjk`krrklgs

= Kl}gqgs}gm akmmgqs ne{ ia}ekl owq}jgq kloiqne}kil oqinMRTJ 1 lm Mks}qkc} Gldklggqkld Iocg, Awjeldkl, Ne`k}e, Mevei mg` Swq elm klsrgc} }jg Akmmkld Micwngl}s e} }jgemmqgss dkvgl agìt oqin :822 i‛cìcf kl }jg niqlkld }i 7822 i‛cìcf kl }jg eo}gqliil,

7 E cinr`g}g sg} io Akmmkld Micwngl}s ne{ ag rwqcjesgm a{ kl}gqgs}gm Akmmgqsoqin }jg emmqgss agìt elm wril re{ngl} io e lilqgowlmea`g ogg oiq }jg AkmmkldMicwngl}s kl }jg eniwl} io ]tgl}{ Okvg }jiwselm rgsis il`{ *Rjr 17,22222+)rqihgc}

K} ne{ e`si ag mitlìemgm oqgg io cjeqdg oqin }jg tgask}g io }jgRjk`krrklg Divgqlngl} G`gc}qilkc Rqicwqgngl} S{s}gn *Rjk`DGRS+elm }jg MRTJ tgask}g, rqivkmgm }je} akmmgqs sje`` re{ }jg ogg oiq}jg Akmmkld Micwngl}s li} è}gq }jel }jg swanksskil io }jgkq akms

? ]jg MRTJ 1 lm Mks}qkc} Gldklggqkld Iocg, Awjeldkl, Ne`k}e, Mevei mg`

Swq tk`` ji`m e Rqg.Akm Cilogqglcg il Livgnagq 1?, 1251 e} 52822 i‛cìcf kl }jg niqlkld e} MRTJ 1 lm Mks}qkc} Gldklggqkld Iocg, Awjeldkl, Ne`k}e,Mevei mg` Swq.AEC Iocg, tjkcj sje`` ag irglgm }i e`` kl}gqgs}gm req}kgs

4 Akms nws} ag mg`kvgqgm }i }jg emmqgss agìt il iq agoiqg Mgcgnagq 55, 1251 e} MRTJ 1 lm Mks}qkc} Gldklggqkld Iocg, Awjeldkl, Ne`k}e, Mevei mg` Swq.AEC Iocg e} 52822 i‛cìcf kl }jg niqlkld E`` akms nws} ag eccinrelkgm a{ e akmsgcwqk}{ kl el{ io }jg eccgr}ea`g oiqns elm kl }jg eniwl} s}e}gm kl K]A Cèwsg 5:

Akms tk`` ag irglgm kl }jg rqgsglcg io }jg akmmgqs‛ qgrqgsgl}e}kvgs tjicjiisg }i e}}glm e} }jg emmqgss agìt @e}g akms sje`` li} ag eccgr}gm

: Mgem`klg io Qgcgkr} io @IK‛s oqin rqisrgc}kvg akmmgqs e} 7822 i‛cìcf kl }jgeo}gqliil Mgcgnagq 7, 1251 elm Ksswelcg io akmmkld micwngl}s s}eq}sil Liv 5?, 1251 }i ;822 i‛cìcf kl }jg niqlkld io Mgcgnagq 55, 1251

; ]jg MRTJ 1 lm Mks}qkc} Gldklggqkld Iocg, Awjeldkl, Ne`k}e, Mevei mg` Swq qgsgqvgs}jg qkdj} }i eccgr} iq qghgc} el{ akm, }i ellw` }jg akmmkld rqicgss, elm }i qghgc} e`àkms e} el{ }kng rqkiq }i cil}qec} eteqm, tk}jiw} }jgqga{ klcwqqkld el{ `keak`k}{ }i }jgeoogc}gm akmmgq iq akmmgqs

52 Oiq owq}jgq kloiqne}kil, r`gesg qgogq }i8

ELM QGT E RELD EL AEC Cjekqnel MRTJ 1 lm MGI, Awjeldkl, Ne`k}e, Mevei mg` Swq Cil}ec} lwnagq8 2;=4=5?=:;7

*Sdm,+ ELMQGT E, RELDEL Gldklggq KKK.AEC Cjekqnel

LI]GM 8




Nelk e S}elmeqm]IME[ Sriq}s

Swlme{ A= LI_GNAGQ 5:, 1251SWLME[

‐Tg }efg rqkmg kl tje} tg jevg ec.cinr`ksjgm kl fe{efkld, }jgqg ks }je}sglsg io ow`st``ngl} kl jit }jks sriq}jes dqitl K} tes e akd cje``gldg oiqws }i kl}qimwcg sing}jkld lgt elm litfe{efkld ks glhi{gm a{ e ì} io rgir`ge`` ivgq }jg ciwl}q{,„ sekm Mkmk tji jes hiklgm }jg sglkiq qelfs io ck}kxgls aw}cel s}k`` fe{ef tk}j dws}i el{ }kng

K} tes kl 5;;3 tjgl Nkfg Qkcfg}}s, eqg}kqgm WS Ekq Oiqcgnel stqs} aqiwdj}fe{efs kl}i }jg ciwl}q{ elm jg`m e mgn.ils}qe}kil oiq }jg qgsiq}s kl }jg eqge, k} tesMkmk tji e}}glmgm elm sjg swqrqksgm _eèo}gqteqms tjgl sjg tgl} aecf }i }jgRelknel Ciwl}q{ C`wa tk}j e`` stvg sk}.ilfe{efs }je} Qkcfg}}s wsgm oiq jks mgni

Tk}jiw} gvgl flitkld jit }jg{ tk àg ea`g }i re{ oiq }jg fe{efs, }jg jwsaelmelm tkog }elmgn klc`wmgm fe{efkld enild}jg te}gq sriq}s }jg{ tgqg ioogqkld }i qgsiq}dwgs}s, }jks eo}gq }q{kld k} iw} elm stlmkld}je} k} tes wsgq oqkglm`{, ‐li} hws} oiq ng elmMkmk aw} oiq e`` }jg dwgs}s }je} }qkgm k} iw},]je} seng {geq, tg di} }jg mks}qkaw}kil qkdj}oiq icgel fe{efs tjkcj `gm ws }i }qevg` e`èqiwlm }jg ciwl}q{ rqini}kld elm mgnil.s}qe}kld k}s wsg,„ sekm 74.{geq.i`m _e

Ec}we``{ k} tes el ges{ mgckskil oiq}jg ciwr`g }i dg} jiifgm il fe{efkld,

cilskmgqkld }jgkq aecfdqiwlm kl mkoogq.gl} sriq}s mwqkld }jgkq {iwldgq {geqs,Mkmk tes kl}i stknnkld, vi``g{ae``, elmaemnkl}il tjk`g }jg niqg meqkld _e` gl.dedgm kl tklmswqstld elm }qke}jìl

Niqg si oiq Mkmk tjisg è}g oe}jgq tes eaie} awk mgq elm sjkr cer}ekl tji tes oilmio aqkldkld jks fkms }i qgni}g, wlkljeak}gmksèlms tjgqg }jg{ s}e{gm ivgqlkdj}

‐N{ oe}jgq‛s ìvg oiq }jg iw}miiqs qwaagmioo il ng geq { il K mgvgìrgm n{ ìvg oiqle}wqg,„ sekm Mkmk, e oiqngq }gecjgq kl @{.cgwn elm e }qevg edglc{ gnrì{gg agoiqgrw}}kld wr e te}gq sriq}s cilcgsskillekqgawsklgss tjgl sjg neqqkgm }i _e

Fe{efkld siil agceng rirwèq kl }jgciwl}q{ elm }jg Ceneqe ciwr`g qgcgkvgmlwngqiws klvk}e}kils klc`wmkld e ai{s

sciw} henaiqgg kl @kre}e , Swqkdei mg`Liq}g tjgqg }jg{ agceng }jg }qekliqs mi.kld te}gq seog}{ elm qgscwg tiqf wskldfe{efs ]jg mwi è}gq oiqngm }jg Rjk`kr.rklg Fe{efkld Essicke}kil }i sgqvg esgvgl} iqdelkxgq io fe{efkld gvgl}s

‐Tg s}eq}gm kl gci }iwqksn kl 5;;7 tk}jnw }k sriq}s gvgl}s }je} gnrjeskxg rqi}gc.}kil io }jg glvkqilngl} elm è}gq il, kl}g.dqe}gm cinnwlk}{ mgvgìrngl} elm kvg k.jiim rqidqens]jks ks iwq te{ io dkvkldaecf }i }jg sriq} }je} tg jevg `geqlgm }iìvg,„ sekm Mkmk tjisg }jqgg mewdj}gqs e``fe{ef tk}j }jgkq nin elm mem mwqkld }jgkqcjk mjiim }i }ggl edg {geqs Lit dqitl wr}jg{ s}k`` jg`r }jgkq reqgl}s kl gvgl}s iqdelkx.kld, nefkld fe{efkld e }qw`{ oenk { eooekq

]jg stqs} gvgl} }je} RFE èwlcjgmkl 5;;4 tes e fe{efkld cinrg}g}kileqiwlm }jg ]ee` _i`celi Ksèlm kl ]ee`@efg tk}j req}kckrel}s cinkld oqin

es oeq es Nedwklmelei elm Cgaw ]jkstes oi`ìtgm a{ e Cevk}g }i Ciqqgdkmiqcqisskld kl }jg seng {geq

Kl 5;;:, }jg RFE jg`m e cje``gldggvgl} oqin Elkèi, Ae}eldes }i Rwgq}iDe`gqe, cqisskld }jg }qgecjgqiws _gqmgRessedg ag}tggl Ae}eldes elm Nklm.iqi Lgz} tes e }qkr aecf }i ]ee` @efgaw} }jks }kng k} tes e ]ee` @efg.Relskrk}

rqini}g ìce` fe{efkld

CENEQE CIWR@G

A{ @k}i Cklci

JE_KLD rkilggqgm }jg sriq} io fe{efkld kl }jgRjk`krrklgs kl 5;;3 tjk`g mikld awsklgss es te}gqsriq}s cilcgsskilekqgs kl e qgsiq} kl Relknel Rwgq}iExw` kl ]gqle}g Cevk}g, }jg ciwr`g _e` elm MkmkCeneqe ìif aecf tk}j e sglsg io eccinr`ksjngl} e}tje} }jg{ jevg milg }i rqini}g }jg sriq}

Qkvgq.Aeè{el Ae{ emvgl}wqg }je} kl.c`wmgm e cies}e` c`gel.wr klvi`vkld }jgfe{efgqs elm i}jgq vi`wl}ggqs

I}jgq gvgl}s milg a{ RFE oiq }jgdqitkld lwnagq io fe{efgqs e`si kl.c`wmgm e Ae}eldes Ck}{ }i _gqmg KsèlmCqisskld, }jg Cevk}g.Ciqqgdkmiq Gci.Ni}kil kl Ec}kil ]jg{ gvgl oiwlm }kng}i hikl e Deng Rèl }g`gvkskil Cjqks}nessrgcke` tjgqg }jg jis}s tgqg jis} }i 72s}qgg} cjk`mqgl kl Ce`kqe{e @efg tk}j _eèlm Mkmk }gecjkld }jg cjk`mqgl }i fe{ef

]i rqini}g }jg glvkqilngl} es eoiqn io rwa`kc sgqvkcg }jg ciwr`g e`.te{s jem rqg.gvgl}s tjkcj klc`wmgm}gecjkld elm }qeklkld vi`wl}ggqs io mkoogqgl} @DWs il xgqi tes}g neledg.ngl} elm cies}e` c`gel.wr ec}kvk}kgs

Oqin irgl te}gq fe{efkld, }jg jws.aelm elm tkog }elmgn vgl}wqgm kl tjk}g

te}gq qkvgq fe{efkld kl Cjkci Qkvgq klFe`klde, elm req}lgqgm tk}j ìce` iw}.miiq emvgl}wqgq El}il Ceqed kl 5;;:]jg{ oiqngm el emvgl}wqg }iwq iw}st}.}gq aesgm kl ]wdwgdeqei Tjk}g te}gqqeo}kld eìld Rklefeletel Qkvgq tese`si kl}qimwcgm }i }jg rwa`kc

Aws{ es }jg{ tgqg }jg{ s}k`` oiwlm }jg}kng }i mi e }qeklkld rqidqen oiq ìce`vi`wl}ggqs kl Aw`wsel @efg kl Siqsidil

Kl 122? }je} _e` elm Mkmk tgqg cil.}qec}gm a{ }jg Lgt Xgeèlm Edglc{oiq Kl}gqle}kile` Mgvgìrngl} tjkcjowlmgm el gci }iwqksn rqidqen ekngm e}mgvgìrkld }jg Jwlmqgm Ksèlms kl Rel.desklel es e fe{efkld cgl}gq ]jg rqihgc}klvi`vgm }jg ìce` qgskmgl}s tji wlmgq.tgl} }qeklkld es fe{ef }iwq dwkmgs

‐]jks tes e }ti {geq gldedgngl} oiqws elm iwq gooiq}s tgqg oicwsgm il }je}rqidqen es tgqg rqec}kce``{ `kvkld kl

Reldesklel K}} tes e cinr`g}g }qeklkldrqidqen elm li} hws} }gecjkld }jgn }iwsg fe{efs Tg klc`wmgm nimw`gs ilcinnwlkce}kil sfk``s mgvgìrngl},}iwq dwkmkld, iqdelkxkld dqiwr }iwqs,elm seog}{ elm qgscwg,„ sekm Mkmk

Kl 122:, }jg Jwlmqgm Ksèlms Gci]iwqs Essicke}kil iq JKG]E irglgmoiq awsklgss ioogqkld fe{ef }iwqs }i

vksk}iqs, sing}jkld }je} jes cil}klwgm}i }jg rqgsgl} ]jks gci.}iwqksn. `kvg.

`kjiim rqihgc} tes ck}gm a{ LXEKM esilg io }jg niqg swccgssow` rqidqens k}jes owlmgm

Oklmkld }jg }kng }i di aecf }i iqde.lkxkld fe{ef gvgl}s, }jg ciwr`g ìs} li}kng kl cinkld wr tk}j eli}jgq gvgl}

‐Tg }kgm wr tk}j }jg ]ee` @efg oiq esek`kld elm fe{efkld gvgl} [ecj} C`watk}j e skmg iahgc}kvg io ce``kld e}}gl}kil}i }jg knriq}elcg io rqgsgqvkld ]ee`@efg enkms} }jg klcqgeskld lwnagq io stsj rgls klskmg }jg efg„

]jg Ceneqes tgqg }errgm a{ }jg Mg.req}ngl} io ]iwqksn kl 122; }i essks} kl}jgl Mgreq}ngl} io ]iwqksn Sgcqg}eq{Ecg Mwqeli kl jks Emvgl}wqg Rjk`krrklgscenrekdl Agkld el eqcjkrgèdi }jg Rjk`.krrklgs ks e rgqogc} vglwg oiq fe{efkldFe{efs glea`g rgir`g }i vksk} rècgs li}eccgsska`g }i akd ni}iqkxgm aie}s

]jg {geq rqivgm }i ag e aws{ ilg es

}jg RFE mkm }jqgg `gds io }jgkq Rjk`kr. rklg Fe{efkld Sgqkgs ]jg stqs} ilg teskl Jwlmqgm Ksèlms, oi`ìtgm a{ e Cevk}g.Ciqqgdkmiq Cqisskld, elm el enak}kiwsCgaw }i Aiji` cqisskld ]jg ès} gvgl}}wqlgm iw} }i ag e stlelcke` mkses}gq

Aw} gvgl ko }jg{ ìs} nilg{ kl }je}gvgl}, }jg gl}jwskesn oiq fe{efkld teslgvgq ìs} elm kl 1252, }jg RFE iqdelkxgm

el Elve{e.Swakc gci.}iwqksn emvgl}wqggzrgqkglcg ]jg{ klc`wmgm e vksk} }i e

}wq}`g cilsgqve}kil cgl}gq tjgqg req}kck.rel}s jem el iqkgl}e}kil il ‐retkfels„ iqdkel} }wq}`gs Kl 1255 elm 1251, }jg RFEtgl} aecf }i ]ee` @efg, req}lgqkld tk}j elLDI, Rwsim, oiq }jg cilsgqve}kil io ]ee`@efg es e te}gqsjgm

]jks {geq, }jg RFE s}edgm }ti `gds io }jgkq sgqkgs ]jg stqs} ilg tes }jg ]gqle}g.Neqedilmil Qkvgq gci emvgl}wqg }je}klc`wmgm el @DW elm LDI essks}gm `kvg.`kjiim rqidqen elcjiqgm il }jg gs}ea`ksj.ngl} io e fe{ef gci reqf kl ]gqle}g ]jgCeneqes edekl }qeklgm ìce` vi`wl}ggqs ilfe{efkld elm agkld }iwq dwkmgs

]jg sgcilm `gd tes }jg qgcgl}`{.cilc`wmgm Xenae`gs Nw`}k Sriq}s Ogs}k.ve`, e sriq}s }iwqksn gvgl} io Xenae`gsDivgqliq Jgqnidglgs Gamelg Hq tjitel}gm }i klc`wmg fe{efkld es el e}}qec.}kil }i vksk}iqs]jks tes jg`m kl Wecil@efg elm Civg elm Ri}kri} Ksèlm

Kl ag}tggl }jgsg }ti gvgl}s, _e` elmMkmk neledgm }i stlm }jgkq te{ }i Iqkgl}e`Nklmiqi }i }qekl klmkdgliws rgir`g, }jgNeld{els il tjk}g te}gq qkvgq fe{efkld

‐Ne{ag a{ lgz} {geq, }jg rècg tk`` agirgl }i }jg rwa`kc,„ sekm Mkmk

Oqin }jg te{ k} ìifs oiq }jks kl}qgrkmciwr`g, }jgkq `kvgs tk`` cil}klwg }i qg.vi`vg eqiwlm fe{efkld

Swae ivgqcings e`` cje``gldgs}i dqea }ir feq}kld jiliqs

A{ Elhelg}}g Eaem

JG‛S sknr`{ }jg ags}

_H Swae io Ged`g Cgngl} ivgqceng wlcin.nil imms }i aed }jks sgesil‛s }ir feq}kld jiliqstjgl jg til }jg ès} }ti QIF qecgs io }jg 1251Cice.Cice Feq}kld Swrgq Sgqkgs qgcgl}`{ e} }jgCeqnile Qecg}qecf kl Cevk}g

Swae, tji tes tk}j }jg OGQL.C Qeckld ]genkl }jg stqs} jeò io }jg sgesil, stgr} }jg stle` }tiQIF Sglkiq qecgs }i cer}wqg }jg {geq‛s nis} civ.g}gm eteqm kl }jg sriq} es Feq}gq io }jg [geq

Gs}goeli Qkvgqe qw`gm Qecg 4 elm cirrgm }jg qwl.lgq.wr cqitl kl Qecg : }i c klcj }jg Hwlkiq Feq}gq io }jg [geq eteqm io }jks sgqkgs selc}kilgm a{ }jg Ew}i.niak g Essicke}kil Rjk krrklgs elm srilsiqgm a{ Ci.ce.Ciè, [ifijene ]kqgs, Ni}iqs}eq elm Egqingm

]jg Feq}gq io }jg [geq tes el klsrkqkld glmkld}i Swae‛s Cklmgqg`è hiwqlg{ sklcg jg s}eq}gm qec.kld e} }jg edg io hws} gkdj} {geqs Swae swccggmgmkl e sriq} minkle}gm a{ }jisg tk}j }jg stlelcke`ngels }i stlelcg }jg cis} io feq}kld ]jiwdj hws}

e riiq ngcjelkc‛s sil, Swae lgvgq s}irrgm ag.`kgvkld }je} jg jem tje} k} }iif }i nefg k} akd kl}jks vgq{ gzrglskvg glmgeviq

Rgqsgvgqgm kl qeckld elm }jqiwdj }jg {geqs, jgqg`kgm nis}`{ il }jg dglgqisk}{ io i}jgq feq}kldreqgl}s elm swrriq}gqs `kfg Feq} Rèxe tji `gl}jkn }jg necjklg elm rqivkmgm i}jgq qguwkqg.ngl}s }i cil}klwg jks qeckld ceqggq

Jg ivgqceng mewl}kld imms }i gs}ea`ksj jkn.sgò es ilg io }jg ciwl}q{‛s }ir feq}gqs elm eawmmkld ciecj }i {iwld qecgqs Jg fgr} jknsgò enild }jg }ir }jqgg }k}`g cil}glmgqs kl }jg stqs}jeò io }jg sgqkgs wlmgq }jg tklds io OGQL.CQeckld aw} k} tes }jg jwdg swrriq} io Sel Nkdwg`Ciqriqe}kil cjkgo Qenil Eld kl }jg è}}gq jeò io }jg sgesil }je} agceng }jg fg{ oiq Swae }iqge`kxg jks ìld.}kng mqgen

‐Ko li} oiq }jisg tji jg`rgm ng K ciw`m li}jevg ecjkgvgm n{ mqgens,„ sekm el gni}kile`Swae eo}gq cirrkld }jg QIF Sglkiq cqitl tk}je }i}e` io 174 rikl}s edekls} Ivgqe`` Qwllgq.wrCH ]swk io Oiqnwè.G Klmws}qke Qeckld elm }jkqm

rècgq Nkì Qkvgqe io OGQL.C Qeckld tji glm.gm tk}j 154 elm 151 rikl}s qgsrgc}kvg`{

K} jes aggl e }iwdj s}qwdd`g oiq Swae }jks sge.

sil es jg ec}we``{ glmgm kl e }jqgg.te{ }kg tk}jQkvgqe elm ]swk kl }jg qecg oiq }jg Feq}gq io }jg[geq tjkcj tes aesgm il }jgkq rgqoiqnelcgs kl}jg 1251 Cice.Ciè Feq}kld Swrgq Sgqkgs elm}jg 1251 Cice.Ciè FO1.FO3 Cwr Sgqkgs

Swae rqgvek`gm kl }jg }kg.aqgefkld ciwl}aecf tkllkld sgvgl qecgs wr edekls} Qkvgqe tji cirrgm}jg Ivgqe`` Qwllgq.wr cqitl tk}j stvg vkc}iqkgs

Ngeltjk`g, Gs}goeli Qkvgqe io OGQL.C Qeckld,e Mil Aisci.Nefe}k Hwlkiq s}wmgl}, til }jg HwlkiqFeq}gq io }jg [geq cilvklckld`{ es jg aeddgm ai}j }jgQIF Hwlkiq cqitl elm }jg QIF Ivgqe` }k} g kl }jg1251 Cice.Ciè Feq}kld Swrgq Sgqkgs elm }jg FO3r`wn kl }jg 1251 Cice.Ciè FO1.FO3 Cwr Sgqkgs

Jg c`klcjgm }jg QIF Hwlkiq cqitl tk}j e }i}eìo 3=5 rikl}s }i rqgvek` edekls} qwllgq.wr Melkg`Nkqelme io Cgawele @jwk``kgq elm }jkqm rècgqHex Nilxilgs io Le}ni Eske.DR5 Qeckld tjienessgm 1;? elm 5=7 rikl}s qgsrgc}kvg`{

_H Swae *qkdj}+ elm Gs}goeli Qkvgqe qw`gm }jg qgcgl}`{.cilc`wmgm 1251 Cice.Cice Feq}kld Swrgq Sgqkgs }i aed}jg }ir feq}kld jiliqs es Feq}gq io } jg [geq elm HwlkiqFeq}gq qgsrgc}kvg`{,

]ir8 _e` Ceneqe elm dqelmsil Hieuwkl Nece`klde }gs} }jgkq ng}}`g es }jg{ remm`g}jgkq fe{ef kl irgl te}gq ioo }jg Ae}eldes cies}, Agìt8 _e` elm Mkmk Ceneqe celìif aecf tk}j e sglsg io rqkmg e} tje} }jg{ jevg eccinr`ksjgm }i rqini}g }jgsriq} io fe{efkld,

Documents

Manila Standard Today -- Sunday (November 18, 2012) issue