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7/24/2019 Manchurian Crisis 2011
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The Manchurian CrisisThe Manchurian Crisis
19311931
TheThe Japanese economyJapanese economyrelied onrelied onexporting goods to America. Thisexporting goods to America. This
meant that the depression hitmeant that the depression hit
Japan very hard.Japan very hard.
Economic hardship led to theEconomic hardship led to theJapanese civilian governmentJapanese civilian government
becoming unpopular and thebecoming unpopular and the
militarymilitaryincreasing its power.increasing its power.
The army decided that the bestThe army decided that the bestway for Japan to escape theway for Japan to escape the
effects of the depression was toeffects of the depression was to
invadeinvade ManchuriaManchuria(part of China).(part of China).
Japan invaded anchuria inJapan invaded anchuria in 19311931..
Japan had con!uered
"orea in #$%&.
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The Manchurian CrisisThe Manchurian Crisis
19311931
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The Manchurian Crisis: TheThe Manchurian Crisis: The
sparkspark
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The Leagues reaction toThe Leagues reaction to
the Manchurian Crisisthe Manchurian Crisis'hy did the eague not tae action against Japan*'hy did the eague not tae action against Japan*
The main reason was that the great powers were notThe main reason was that the great powers were not
prepared to commit troops and ships to punishing Japan.prepared to commit troops and ships to punishing Japan.
The only two nations with the capacity to act wereThe only two nations with the capacity to act were BritainBritainand the U!and the U!..
The +ritish
economy was
in dire straits.The +ritish navy was on
the verge of mutiny after
the government was forced
to cut wages due to thedepression.
The ,-A
was still
reeling fromthe depression. resident
/oover argued that
imposing sanctions on
Japan would be to riswar for no real gain.
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British "eaction # against theBritish "eaction # against the
in$asionin$asion0 /ad ma1or economic and political interests/ad ma1or economic and political interests
in the 2ar East 3 /ong "ong4 alaya4in the 2ar East 3 /ong "ong4 alaya4
-ingapore and -hanghai-ingapore and -hanghai
0 ost +ritish politicians criticised Japan5sost +ritish politicians criticised Japan5s
actionsactions
0 'ould not recognise anchuuo'ould not recognise anchuuo
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British "eaction # supportingBritish "eaction # supporting
the in$asionthe in$asion0 Anglo6Japanese relations had been friendly forAnglo6Japanese relations had been friendly for
yearsyears0 Japan had been provoed by ChineseJapan had been provoed by Chinese
nationalists during the #$7%snationalists during the #$7%s0 ight restore order to anchuriaight restore order to anchuria0 'ould hopefully stop +olshevi aggression'ould hopefully stop +olshevi aggression0 2ew +ritish forces in the 2ar East2ew +ritish forces in the 2ar East
0 Economic sanctions were unliely to achieveEconomic sanctions were unliely to achievemuchmuch0 ,-A 3 Japan5s biggest trading partner would not,-A 3 Japan5s biggest trading partner would not
support action by the eague of 8ationssupport action by the eague of 8ations
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The Leagues reaction toThe Leagues reaction to
the Manchurian Crisisthe Manchurian CrisisThe eague told Japan to leaveThe eague told Japan to leaveanchuria but they refused.anchuria but they refused.
A commission underA commission under Lord LyttonLord Lytton
was sent to investigate the issue.was sent to investigate the issue.The commission finally reported aThe commission finally reported a
year after the invasion4 concludingyear after the invasion4 concluding
thatthat Japan %as in theJapan %as in the
%rong%rong
and should leaveand should leave
anchuria.anchuria.
Japan5s response was toJapan5s response was to
withdraw from the eague.withdraw from the eague.
2our years later Japan2our years later Japaninvaded the rest of China.invaded the rest of China.
Lord Lytton
Chinese ci$ilian casualties
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ource analysisource analysis
/ow does this cartoon reflect how the eague
dealt with the anchurian Crisis*
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!nglo&Japanese "elations!nglo&Japanese "elations
193'&(193'&(0 +ritain accepted the tae6over of anchuria+ritain accepted the tae6over of anchuria
0 #% 9ear :ule abandoned#% 9ear :ule abandoned
0 :ealistically4 +ritain was in no position to rearm:ealistically4 +ritain was in no position to rearm
thoughthough
0 The -ingapore naval base was improvedThe -ingapore naval base was improved
0 :elations with Japan remained uneasy:elations with Japan remained uneasy
0 Japan often pursued conflicting policiesJapan often pursued conflicting policies
0 ;t remained a threat to +ritish interests in Asia;t remained a threat to +ritish interests in Asia
and the acificand the acific
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The !nti&Comintern )act 193*The !nti&Comintern )act 193*
0 -igned #$ermany and Japan
0 Aimed against the ,--:Aimed against the ,--:0 +ut could be a potential threat to +ritain+ut could be a potential threat to +ritain
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+isarmament+isarmament
0 'hilst the ytton Commission had been'hilst the ytton Commission had been
discussing Japan5s invasion of anchuria4discussing Japan5s invasion of anchuria4
a 'orld ?isarmament Conference hada 'orld ?isarmament Conference had
taen place in 2eb #$enevataen place in 2eb #$eneva
0 >ermany wanted e!ual treatment4 but>ermany wanted e!ual treatment4 but
2rance opposed this2rance opposed this
0 8o compromise could be found8o compromise could be found
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193' Lausanne Con,erence193' Lausanne Con,erence
0 -ettled the reparations problem-ettled the reparations problem
0 >ermany agreed to pay @7.= million mars>ermany agreed to pay @7.= million mars
to a European :econstruction 2undto a European :econstruction 2und
0 ;n return its reparations payments would;n return its reparations payments would
be abolishedbe abolished
0 This was one of the last successes of theThis was one of the last successes of thecollective diplomacy that had prevailedcollective diplomacy that had prevailed
during the #$7%sduring the #$7%s
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The -utureThe -uture
0 The international climate was becomingThe international climate was becoming
increasingly threateningincreasingly threatening
0 +ritain faced potential challenges from+ritain faced potential challenges from
JapanJapan
;taly;taly
>ermany>ermany
0 Trust in disarmament4 collective security and theTrust in disarmament4 collective security and theresulting cutbacs in military spending wouldresulting cutbacs in military spending would
leave +ritain ill6prepared for future conflictleave +ritain ill6prepared for future conflict
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