Manawatū River Pedestrian/Cycle Bridge · He Ara Kōtahi Pedestrian and Cycle Bridge 2 |Final October 2016 Opus International Consultants Ltd vegetation. The most noticeable effect

Palmerston North City Council

Manawatū River Pedestrian/Cycle Bridge

Landscape and Visual Assessment


Manawatū River Pedestrian and

Cycle Bridge


© Opus International Consultants Ltd 2016

Prepared By

Opus International Consultants Ltd

Stefan Steyn Opus House

Senior Landscape Architect 6 Ossian Street,

Private Bag 6019, Hawke’s Bay Mail Centre

Napier

New Zealand

Reviewed By

Telephone: +64 6 833 5100

David McKenzie Facsimile: +64 7 835 0881

Technical Principal: Landscape Architecture

Date: October 2016

Technical 5-P0843.06.XXX64

Status: Final


Manawatū River Pedestrian and

Cycle Bridge


© Opus International Consultants Ltd 2016

i

|Final October 2016 Opus International Consultants Ltd

Contents

Executive Summary ................................................................................................... 1

1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Background ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Assessment of Alternative Bridge Locations ..................................................................... 3 1.3 Landscape Concept Plan ................................................................................................... 3 1.4 The Surrounding Environment ......................................................................................... 4

2 Description of the Project ................................................................................... 4

2.1 Design Philosophy and Concept - Karaka ......................................................................... 7

3 Statutory and Non-Statutory Provisions ............................................................. 9 3.1 Resource Management Act 1991 ....................................................................................... 9

3.2 Policy Documents .............................................................................................................. 9 3.3 Other Documents ............................................................................................................ 12

4 Methodology ..................................................................................................... 12

5 Landscape Character and Context ..................................................................... 13

5.1 Landscape and Visual Context ........................................................................................ 13

6 Assessment of Effects ........................................................................................ 15 6.1 Landscape Effects............................................................................................................ 15 6.2 Visual Effects ................................................................................................................... 16

7 Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 23

Appendix 1 ............................................................................................................... 25 Landscape Concept Plan........................................................................................................... 25

Appendix 2 ............................................................................................................... 26 Methodology ............................................................................................................................. 26

Appendix 3 ............................................................................................................... 29 Resource Management Act 1991 ............................................................................................... 29 Policy Documents ..................................................................................................................... 30

Appendix 4 ............................................................................................................... 32 Photos ....................................................................................................................................... 32

He Ara Kōtahi Pedestrian and Cycle Bridge 1


Executive Summary

This Landscape and Visual Effects Assessment has been prepared for Palmerston North City

Council as the Assessment of Environmental Effects prepared for a new pedestrian and cycle bridge

over the Manawatū River located at the end of Ruha Street and connecting to Linton Army Base,

Massey University and Massey Agricultural Experiment Station (MAES).

This Landscape and Visual Assessment report assesses the potential landscape and visual effects

associated with the proposed bridge. In particular, it evaluates the potential effects on landscape

character, and visual amenity.

Recognising the potential for landscape and visual effects, a mitigation based landscape concept

design was developed in conjunction with the development of the bridge concept design. This

enabled landscape and visual mitigation and other enhancements to be built into the overall design

concept as it was developed, optimising mitigation effectiveness.

The concept design was prepared by Opus and sought to balance functional and operational

requirements of the proposed works with the values of the wider landscape. To achieve this, the

design proposal aims to keep with the existing natural values, landscape character, recreational

potential and visual amenity of the surrounding environment. There has been a high degree of

collaboration with the project design team during the concept development phase. This included a

number of workshops with engineers, planners and stakeholders. The primary purpose of

landscape involvement in the design phase was to facilitate the successful integration of the

proposed bridge within the local environment and community.

Effects, which include the treatments proposed in the Landscape Concept Plan, are quantified

relative to the perceived magnitude of change in relation to the landscape character and visual

amenity of the proposed site. The level of effects uses a range from Low to High. This terminology

is not consistent with that established under the Resource Management Act, however the overall

finding of ‘Low to Moderate’ from this assessment and in relation to this specific Project can be

equated with ‘Less than Minor’

The overall landscape effect of the proposed bridge and approaches is considered to be Low to

Moderate and arises from:

Earthworks to create the bridge, bridge abutments, and plaza. These localised

changes will range from small earthworks (to construct the plaza) to forming new

fill embankments (bridge abutments) that will alter the existing landform,

Vegetation clearance in selected, smaller areas when compared to the overall

river corridor, with the removal of mainly exotic trees and shrubs, and

Land requirements (footprint) that will be limited, and with existing

recreational and commuter opportunities retained and/or enhanced.

The overall visual effect of the proposed bridge and approaches is considered to be Low to

Moderate and will result in changes to visual amenity for views from the following locations:

Users of Dittmer Drive and surrounding local roads who will have

exposure to the visual effects of the proposed works, although the effect will be

localised and viewed for a short duration during construction,

Local residents and holiday park who will discern changes dependant on their

proximity to the proposed works and intervening landform (stopbank) and



vegetation. The most noticeable effect will arise from views of the new bridge as

seen from the corner of Dittmer Drive and Ruha Street, and

Local users of existing shared paths will have varying views of the bridge and

earthworks (fill embankments).

The proposed bridge will provide a new element in the landscape and any adverse effects will be

temporary and localised. A number of practical enhancement and mitigation measures have been

outlined in the Landscape Concept Plan. By implementing these measures it will be possible to

integrate the proposed bridge with the local landscape and mitigate any potential adverse

landscape and visual effects.



1 Introduction

1.1 Background

Palmerston North City Council (PNCC), in partnership with the He Ara Kōtahi Project Steering

Group (PSG), propose to construct a new pedestrian and cycle bridge across the Manawatū River as

part of the wider He Ara Kōtahi shared path project. There is also the desire to enhance

recreational opportunities around and along both sides of the river within the vicinity of the bridge.

This landscape and visual assessment (LVA) assesses the potential landscape and visual effects

associated with the pedestrian and cycle bridge and its associated works. In particular, it evaluates

the potential effects on landscape character and visual amenity.

The LVA will be a technical report to support the Assessment of Environmental Effects (AEE) and

resource consent application. The AEE responds to the requirements of the Resource Management

Act 1991 (‘RMA’) which requires an assessment of the actual and potential effects on the

environment arising from the proposed activity.

1.2 Assessment of Alternative Bridge Locations

An assessment of alternative bridge location options was covered in the Indicative Business Case1

report prepared by Opus and involved a multi-criteria analysis process. This evaluated 4 possible

bridge locations and identified Option 1B (Ruha Street), as the preferred option.

The Detailed Business Case (DBC) 2 recommends a pedestrian and cycle bridge at the end of Ruha

Street on the basis that this location provides:

Good connections to direct commuter routes in the City

Results in a lower bridge structure as the stopbanks in this location compared to

downstream, thereby reducing visual impacts on nearby residents and pile depth

requirements

Has existing off-street carparking which can be extended in the future as required

Provides space for passive recreation and allows for landscaping effectively

creating an extension to the nearby Esplanade

Good sightlines are available for the safety and passive surveillance of the bridge

and approaches

Is clear of Powerco under-river power cables

Realignment of the stopbank easier than at any other location in preferred zone.

1.3 Landscape Concept Plan

Recognising the potential for landscape and visual effects, a mitigation based landscape concept

design was developed as soon as a preliminary footprint was identified, still early in the concept

development of the bridge. A multi-disciplinary approach within the project design team occurred

during the concept development phase. This included a number of workshops with engineers,

planners, and an urban designer. This enabled landscape and visual mitigation and other

1 Indicative Business Case: Manawatu River pedestrian and Cycle Bridge, approved and adopted by Palmerston North District Council, 13 May 2016, prepared by Opus International Consultants. 2 Detailed Business Case: Manawatu River pedestrian and Cycle Bridge, approved and adopted by Palmerston North District Council, 15 August 2013, prepared by Opus International Consultants.



enhancements to be built into the design as it was developed, optimising the effectiveness of

mitigation measures.

From the outset the landscape concept design deliberately sought to ensure that the degree of

change resulting from the construction of the bridge is consistent with the relevant provisions of

Part 2 of the RMA that cover landscape and visual matters, and to reduce the level of effects to a

point where they can be considered to be less than minor. The design and this assessment has also

taken specific account of the objectives and policies set out by the PNCC District Plan for the

Conservation and Amenity Zone, insofar as these reflect the existing and anticipated future uses of

the site and its surrounds, and the aspirations and values of the community.

1.4 The Surrounding Environment

In order to determine the extent of the surrounding environment assessed for the purposes of this

report, desktop mapping was confirmed by a site visit. The study area goes beyond the bridge

footprint and covers the surrounding area from which the proposed works will be visible and is

shown in Figure 1-1, as are the various viewpoints that will be subsequently described (See

Figure 6-1).

Figure 1-1: Study Area

The visual effects of the proposed works will be contained by the surrounding landform (primarily

stopbank), land cover and land use characteristics and built form. Definition of the study area will

assist in the assessment of the potential and likely effects that the proposed works will have on the

natural landscape and visual environment.

The visibility of various parts of the new bridge and its approaches will be dependent on the

elevation of the viewpoint. From low elevations the landscape and its components (for example

water surface areas) are viewed at an oblique angle which limits the visibility of low lying features

over long distances. Therefore, any low lying development within the river corridor below the

stopbank will be less apparent than elevated changes. All of these factors were taken into

consideration when the study area was mapped.

2 Description of the Project

The DBC describes the proposed bridge as follows:



The proposed bridge at the recommended Ruha Street site will have a total span of 190 metres.

The 4.2 m wide bridge deck will be supported by a steel trapezoidal shaped girder spanning from

abutments at each end with three3 equally spaced intermediate concrete piers drilled into the

river bed.

To reduce visual impacts to nearby Dittmer Drive residents the bridge will be curved vertically

and will rise by approximately 1 metre from each end towards the centre of the bridge.

The width of the bridge will be 4.2m. The current shared pathways are 3m in width and the

bridge allows for additional width between users and the handrails at the edges. The concept

plans provide for widened viewing platforms at each end and in the centre span to enable users

to stop and remove themselves from the main walking/cycle pathway to rest and enjoy the views

of the river and surrounding scenery. 1.4 metre high handrails will be included along the edge of

each side of the bridge for its entire span.

To provide additional space for the access ramps, a possible extension to the Holiday Park car-

parking area and to provide space for seating, wayfinding signage and the like, it is proposed to

re-align a section of stopbank closer to the river. The stopbank re-alignment will be designed to

meet Horizons standards and to ensure that the river channel can still accommodate flood flows

without impacting on freeboard.

There will also be landscaping and raised pavement treatments at the Ruha Street end of the

bridge aimed at providing passive recreation opportunities and to slow traffic as it approaches

the intersection from both Dittmer Drive and along Ruha Street. Further traffic control measures

will be taken and will be identified in a traffic effects assessment that is to be completed once the

bridge location has been finalised as part of the regulatory consenting phase referred to under

Clause 2.17 of this report.

It is not proposed to light the bridge at this stage as the existing pathways are not lit, and the new

pathways have been scoped to be of a similar standard. Without any lighting for the entire

pathway system it is considered unsafe to light portions of the pathway giving a false message

that the facilities can be used beyond daylight hours.

To accommodate river flood flows the bridge deck at the Ruha Street end will be at 31.18 m above

mean sea level. The deck level will rise to approximately 32.1 m at mid-span. The deck is

approximately 3 m above the existing level of the road at the intersection of Ruha Street and

Dittmer Drive. The deck at the Ruha Street end is approximately 1 m above the level of the

stopbank. A perspective view of the bridge from the city end is shown below.

3 The numbers of piers has since been reduced to two.



Figure 2-1: Site Location

Figure 2-2: Downstream View



Figure 2-3: Upstream view –from Dittmer Drive looking towards the Fitzherbert Bridge

2.1 Design Philosophy and Concept - Karaka

The landscape concept design was prepared by Opus (See Appendix 1: Landscape Concept Plan).

Recognising the importance of mitigating potential adverse visual and landscape effects and taking

the opportunity to provide improved outcomes, landscape design for this project has played a key

part in leading the overall configuration of the bridge and its plaza area.

Further achieving a high quality design and high amenity environment is considered to be

important to the operational success of the project. This has meant that high amenity outcomes

have been a lead factor in design from the outset. As a result it is considered that the new bridge

will result in an overall positive effect in landscape and visual terms.

Notwithstanding this, it is recognised that there are a series of hard and soft landscaping features

and elements that will reduce the landscape and visual impact of the new bridge. These were built

into the proposed bridge design and include:

Visual appeal of the bridge structure as a feature of the landscape;

Soft landscaping around the carpark;

Hard and soft landscaping on the bridge approaches;

Planting of fill embankments with appropriate native species;

Use of native species with historic association to this area;

Use of relevant public art and informative material in and around the structure that

reinforces landscape context;

Adjustment of the bridge design to reduce heights at the embankments;

Limiting the number of piers in the river to reduce obstruction of views and make

the structure appear as unimposing as possible; and

Enhanced pedestrian and cycle access from Dittmer Drive including pavement

extending beyond the site into the road reserve.



2.1.1 Design Philosophy

A shared pedestrian and cycle bridge will be designed that provides clear wayfinding and a safe

crossing point at the Manawatū River. It will be designed to safely withstand a 1-in-500 year flood

event. It will connect into the existing transport networks and will enable the expansion of these

networks into new areas. The appearance of the bridge will reflect the existing natural character of

the river environment, the cultural and heritage context of the region and provide a positive feature

to the built fabric of the city, enabling the extension of the existing pedestrian and cycling networks

in this location.

2.1.2 Design Concept

Primary Concept ‘Karaka’ - A tree fallen across a river, forming a bridge, a natural connection and

joining of the two banks, referencing the significance of the nearby Karaka Grove and the

association of the grove with local iwi groups.

Figure 2-4: Overall Karaka Tree Concept Design



Figure 2-5: Showing the ribs of the tree trunk through the centre of the bridge

3 Statutory and Non-Statutory Provisions

3.1 Resource Management Act 1991

The purpose of the RMA is to promote the sustainable management of natural and physical

resources. This includes providing for the use, development and protection of natural and physical

resources while avoiding, remedying or mitigating any adverse effects on the environment.

In this instance the landscape and visual assessment will assist PNCC in identifying any affected

parties and assess the level of effect against those provisions of the Act that are most relevant to

landscape matters; being visual amenity, in terms of Part 2 of the RMA.

3.2 Policy Documents

Other policy documents that are relevant to the context of the proposed bridge and its site and have

been considered are:

The Palmerston North District Plan; and

Palmerston North Landscape Inventory (2011).

These policy documents have provided a baseline for the issues, objectives, policies and outcomes

sought for Palmerston North City’s landscape. They are also helpful to provide guidance of the

appropriateness of development within this environment. In particular, the preservation of the

landscape, natural character and visual amenity values of the landscape is of importance.



3.2.1 Palmerston North City Council District Plan

The proposed bridge falls within the Conservation and Amenity Zone and the relevant provisions of

the PNCC District Plan4 are contained in Rules R15.5.6 and R15.5.8.1 of the Plan (Refer to

Appendix 3).

The project is in accordance with those Objectives of the District Plan. Objective 1 for the

Conservation and Amenity Zone aims to recognise and protect the City’s conservation and amenity

reserves. Together with the anticipated environmental results identified by the Plan in Section

15.5.3, these previous set out the intent of the Plan in respect of the Conservation and Amenity

Zone, and the baseline environment expected.

It is clear that the Plan intends to have an environment that supports informal passive and active

recreation alongside and that takes advantage of the environment setting.

3.2.2 Horizons Regional Council – One Plan

The proposed bridge falls within the ‘Lower Manawatū Water Management Zone’ that has One

Plan5 Schedule B values for amenity. The Lower Manawatū Water Management Zone also has an

aesthetics value. In Table 5.2 ‘Surface Water Management Values and Management Objectives’ the

relevant Recreational and Cultural Values Objectives for Amenity and Aesthetics are:

The amenity values of the water body and its bed (and its margins where in public

ownership) are maintained or enhanced

The aesthetic values of the water body and its bed are maintained or enhanced

The river environment is influenced by the river, shingle banks and point bars, vegetation that

follows the meander of the river, areas of amenity (grassed stopbanks and reserves that create a

parkland setting), and paths. Maintaining the character of the river corridor with regard to these

elements is an important requirement to retain the amenity and aesthetic values of the area.

Threats to the quality and character of the Water Management Zone include development or

structures that due to their position, scale or appearance, are not in keeping with these values.

3.2.3 Palmerston North Landscape Inventory

The Palmerston North Landscape Inventory (“Landscape Inventory”) 6, divides the district into

nine defining landscape types and nineteen defining landscape units based on landform, land cover

and land use patterns.

The proposed site falls within the ‘Manawatū River’ Landscape Unit and is flanked by the

Palmerston North City Landscape Unit to the north and the Fitzherbert Bridge Unit to the south.

This ‘Manawatū River’ Unit is broadly described in the Landscape Inventory as “The Manawatū

River and the Tararua Ranges are the most distinctive landscape features within the district. For

residents of the city however, the river is more immediate. The character of the river changes as

it moves from the Manawatū Gorge through to Linton so the corridor is complex and varied.

Distinctive river terraces reflect the river’s earlier meanders and facilitate expansive views of the

broad river environment. Although the river channel is contained, the river has a strong presence

4 Palmerston North City Council, Palmerston North City Council Operative District Plan, 2015. 5 Horizons Regional Council, One Plan, 28 April 2016. 6 The Palmerston North Landscape Inventory, published by Palmerston North District Council, October 2011, prepared by Opus International Consultants.



in the city due to distinctive riverbank plantings, public walkways and stop-banks, the limitations

it imposes on access around the district, and its function as a buffer between urban and rural

sectors. The river corridor, the river flats, and the river terraces are for the most part free of

prominent structures so that nature predominates. Although visual connections with the river

may be limited, the river is quite central to Palmerston North’s landscape and identity.”

Figure 3-1: The Manawatu River Unit Boundary, Palmerston North Landscape Inventory (2011)

The Landscape Inventory indicates the sensitivity to change (modification) within this Unit as

being:

High for topography.

High for vegetation cover.

High for modification.

High to Low (varies) for views from the surrounding landscape towards the river

corridor.

It is clear from the Landscape Inventory that preservation of the riverbank plantings, public

walkways, stop banks, and natural character are predominant characteristics of the local landscape

character.

Project Area

Manawatu River



3.3 Other Documents

3.3.1 Manawatū River Framework and Palmerston North Urban Design

Strategy

The Manawatu River Framework (MRF) 7 is a recently adopted framework that aims to provide a

vision for the river environment and allow flexibility to guide large, complex projects. It seeks to

coordinate projects in the river and communicate the PNCC’s design vision for the spaces adjoining

the river. It is a non-statutory document and it provides high level guidance, and can be considered

to represent the aspirations of the community for Manawatū River corridor and activities that

occur within that corridor. The MRF seeks to facilitate increased use of spaces alongside the river

through enhanced facilities, and specifically identifies the desirability of a new bridge across the

river. The MRF also seeks to increase reference to local context elements such as natural and

cultural heritage through art and interpretation.

The Urban Design Strategy for Palmerston North (UDS) 8 presents a vision for the physical

development of Palmerston North in a manner in keeping with the identified values of the city:

vibrant, caring, creative and sustainable design. Similar to the MRF this document can be

considered to represent the aspirations of the community in respect of open spaces such as the

Manawatū Corridor and also the approaches to the river. The new bridge is specifically intended to

help achieve the intent of the MRF and UDS and aspirations of the community as indicated by

those documents.

3.3.2 Summary

The potential landscape and visual effects are set out in Section 7 and the proposed mitigation to

address these in Section 2 and the Landscape Concept Plan (Appendix 1) to develop in a manner

that achieves the intent of the PNCC District Plan, UDS and MRF in respect of protecting the

conservation and amenity values, while also enhancing public access, and achieving the

community’s aspirations for this part of the Manawatū River corridor.

The new bridge and its approaches have been deliberately designed to enhance amenity, however

recognising that the structure will introduce change to this environment landscape and visual

mitigation and other enhancements have been a determinative factor in the design as it has

developed meaning that mitigation has been built into and led design from the outset. A summary

of the components of landscape and visual mitigation as built into the proposed bridge structure

and approaches can be found in Section 2.

The proposed bridge will be consistent with Objective 1 in the PNCC District Plan (Conservation

and Amenity Zone) in that any adverse effects on the amenity values of Dittmer Reserve will be

mitigated.

4 Methodology

A site visit and field survey was conducted on 9 September 2016. Digital photographs were taken

during the site visit using a 50 mm lens and were used to complete the landscape and visual

assessment (LVA) and the LVA’s supporting photo visualisations.

7 Palmerston North City Council, Manawatu River Framework, published by Palmerston North District Council, prepared by Palmerston North City Council, McIndoeURBAN and Isthmus, February 2016. 8 Palmerston North City Council, Urban Design Strategy, September 2010.



Preparation for the LVA has also included the collection of baseline information through a desktop

study, collation of planning information, participation in options evaluation and design workshops

and interaction with other disciplines.

5 Landscape Character and Context

5.1 Landscape and Visual Context

5.1.1 Landform

The river forms a strong delineation between three distinct landscape character areas; the first

being the low lying, open rural farmland and Massey Agricultural Research Station (Massey side)

to the south, the second the river corridor and the third the built up, peri-urban/residential area

around Dittmer Drive. As discussed above, these three character areas fall within the ‘Lower

Manawatū Sub-Zone’ and contribute to the overall landscape character and identity of this unit.

Within the study area the river corridor and channel is broad and surrounded by wide open space.

On the city side the stop banks are set back approximately 50 m from the rivers edge. An existing

shared pathway is located approximately halfway between the river and the top of the stopbank.

From the pathway land gently rises to the top of the stopbank. From this low lying area below the

stopbank very little of the nearby residential houses and Dittmer Drive can be seen. In contrast,

the rural agricultural beyond the river and shelterbelt is much wider and open. The flat, low lying

landscape allows long, sweeping views across the rural area to the main Massey campus and the

Tararua Ranges in the background. The open character gives the wider rural landscape a more ‘big

sky’ feel when compared to the urban side.

The river bank on the city side immediately to the south of the proposed bridge is covered with a

mix of native and exotic vegetation. Further to the west the river bank is constructed with rock rip

rap to protect it from erosion. On the opposite side of the river the bank is eroded in places,

covered by exotic grasses and small pockets of native and exotic shrubs. Shingle bars are also

visible in places.

5.1.2 Landcover

The developed landscape on the city side is highly modified with very little indigenous vegetation

cover remaining. Introduced vegetation includes grasses, shrubs, isolated plant beds and trees

(mainly willows and poplars). These are located alongside the river bank and in residential

gardens. Road verges are mown and plantings within the road and Dittmer Reserve are of poor

visual quality. A small amount of native vegetation includes flaxes on the southern boundary of the

Palmerston North holiday park to the east of the proposed bridge plaza and carpark area. The only

noteworthy area of native and exotic vegetation is the mature plantings found within the Victoria

Esplanade which extends between the holiday park and Fitzherbert Bridge which gives this part of

the river landscape a dense, vegetated character.

The mainly agricultural landscape on the Massey side is highly modified with very little indigenous

vegetation cover. Rows of willows on the river bank and an exotic shelterbelt break up the low lying

flat landscape.



5.1.3 Land Use

Much of the urban area of Palmerston North occupies the north western bank of the local section of

the Manawatū River corridor. To the south and east of the river agricultural activities associated

with Massey University follows the river to the east and the west. The MAES and the university lies

beyond the agricultural land further to the south.

The river corridor includes the floodplain extending to, and bound by flood protection stopbanks.

This area is sparsely vegetated to maintain an effective channel in times of flood, and provides an

open, attractive green space valued by the community. Accessible via several locations adjoining

the stopbank on the city-side, the river management reserve is available for active and passive

recreation. A crushed limestone pathway follows the line and curve of the river providing

recreational opportunities for walkers, runners and cyclists. The path links the open areas of the

river corridor with stands of mature vegetation, playgrounds and sports fields of the Victoria

Esplanade and Dittmer Reserve. The proposed bridge area is bounded by Dittmer Drive to the

north, and a holiday park and large parkland area to the east. Surrounding land uses are

predominantly residential, with several schools also close by.

5.1.4 Visual Catchment and the Viewing Audience

Visual amenity is largely determined by the river corridor, open grassed reserve and stopbank,

landcover including shelterbelts, rural-agricultural landscape and to a degree, buildings.

Within the study area the proposed bridge or parts of the bridge and plaza will potentially be visible

from local roads, residential properties along Dittmer Drive and Ruha Street, holiday park,

Fitzherbert Bridge and the MAES. The proposed bridge plaza will not be visible from the limestone

pathway, the Esplanade and Massey side of the river due to the low viewing angle and intervening

vegetation. There will therefore be no visual effect upon these viewpoints.

Users of the limestone pathway, Dittmer Reserve (open grass area below the stopbank) and first floor

rooms of residential properties adjacent to Dittmer Drive will potentially have clear views of the

proposed bridge.

Further views may be obtained from dwellings, recreational areas or local roads beyond the study

area and throughout the wider landscape including the main university campus. From these

potential, more distant viewpoints it is unlikely that the bridge will be noticeable due to distance

from the site, intervening topography or vegetation. It is not proposed to light the bridge and

therefore unlikely it will be visible at night.

5.1.5 Summary

The character of the landscape between the river and the stopbanks is largely open grass reserve,

urban residential on the city side and rural agricultural on the Massey side of the study area.

The proposed site lies within a heavily modified environment. The river corridor itself has a modified

appearance because of the rock armour, engineered stopbanks, urban elements, shelterbelts and

agricultural landscape.

Other than open views of the proposed bridge and construction works from viewpoints in close

proximity to the site which comprise residential properties along Dittmer Drive and users of the

pathway, views of the bridge will be limited because of the distance from the site, intervening

vegetation and landform (stopbanks) and flat viewing angle and direction.



6 Assessment of Effects

The following section sets out the assessment of landscape and visual effects that may arise from

the proposed works and the bridge once completed. The level of effects uses a range from Low to

High. This terminology is not consistent with that established under the Resource Management

Act, however the overall finding of ‘Low to Moderate’ from this assessment and in relation to this

specific Project can be equated with ‘Less than Minor’

6.1 Landscape Effects

Landscape effects are dependent on the degree of change to the landform, landcover and landuse.

Physical changes to the landscape result from the construction and operation of the bridge project

due to:

Cut and fill earthworks to provide for access ramps and paths,

Clearance of vegetation such as mown grass and some exotic trees along the river banks,

Addition of structures within the river corridor that include the proposed bridge, signage, and

artwork,

Planting, pathways and paved areas, and

The ability of the land to continue to be used for recreational purposes.

6.1.1 Landform

Changes to the landform will apply to the stopbank on the city side of the river and the flat

agricultural land on the western side of the river bank. Effects on landform primarily arise as a result

of the cut and fill earthworks required to construct the bridge abutments, access ramps, the plaza

and to potentially increase the size of the carpark in the future. The uniformity in height and form of

the existing stopbank lend it an engineered character.

The change that will result from the landform alterations on the city side will be limited to the

stopbank and existing carpark. Given that the proposed bridge will be constructed approximately 1

m above existing stopbank, the fill batters will be relatively small and will result in a small change to

the existing landform. The open, flat nature of the earthworks, small level fill batters and the

modified nature of the site itself all reduce the sensitivity of the location.

In terms of the fill embankment on the Massey side of the river, the scale, mass and form of the

earthworks will result in a greater change to the local landform. The fill batters will contrast with the

low lying, flat landscape but the earthworks will be limited to a relatively small area and will therefore

have a localised effect on landform.

Overall, the earthworks to create the proposed bridge and embankments will have a Low to

Moderate effect, as the changes will be localised, be consistent with the engineered landform of

the river corridor and be planted with native vegetation and/or grass.

6.1.2 Land Cover

Effects on landcover primarily arise as a result of changes to vegetation and existing landcover

patterns. The short section of shelterbelt planting that will be removed is not considered to be

significant and makes up a small portion of the overall vegetation pattern along the river.



The disturbed areas and earthworks will be rehabilitated through a combination of grassing on the

city side fill embankments and the planting of native species on the Massey side. Therefore,

appearance of the construction earthworks and vegetation patterns will improve as vegetation cover

establishes. It is therefore expected that over time, the change will become gradually less apparent

until the proposed earthworks blend into the landscape.

In summary, changes to landcover will result from the clearance of primarily exotic vegetation, a

section of shelterbelt and mown grass. Vegetation clearance will have a Low effect.

6.1.3 Landuse

The new bridge structure will be located within the river corridor. This location is currently enjoyed

for informal and passive recreation activities such as walking/jogging, dog-walking, cycling,

relaxing and general informal play. An existing carpark is also located in the site area. These types

of uses will continue to be provided for and some opportunities will be enhanced, most notably

walking and cycling related activities. Also the opportunity for ‘commuter’ cycling for workers and

residents between the areas of the city either side of the Manawatū River will be enhanced. The

effect on the flood control area, its recreational use and productivity will be small. Overall the

proposed works will have a Low effect on landuse.

6.1.4 Overall Landscape Effects

While a number of changes will occur, the landscape is already heavily modified and engineered in

places. The overall landscape effect of the proposed works is considered to be Low to Moderate

due to:

Earthworks to create the access ramps, plaza, carpark and bridge abutments. These localised

changes will range from small fill formations on the city side (to raise the existing stopbank and

approach to the bridge) to forming new fill embankments on the Massey side that will alter the

existing landform,

Vegetation clearance in selected areas that are small relative to the overall site area, and

Land Use Change will be limited, with existing recreational and commuter opportunities will

be retained and/or enhanced.

6.2 Visual Effects

The nature and extent of visual effects likely to arise from the proposed works will be assessed in

the context of the existing visual environment and visual amenity.

6.2.1 Representative Viewpoints

Eleven viewpoint locations have been identified as being the most representative within the study

area. Where public access is not possible, the nearest location which is accessible to the public such

as roads, reserves and the like was used. Key viewpoints, based on number of potential viewers,

elevation above or below the stopbank, distance from the site and where most change anticipated,

have been used as the basis for analysing the extent of potential visual effects of the proposed

works.

The location of the representative public viewpoints is illustrated in Figure 6-1 and Appendix 4).



Figure 6-1: Representative Viewpoints Map

6.2.2 Temporary Effects of Construction Activities

A number of aspects of the construction phase have the potential to affect landscape character and

visual amenity:

Construction equipment and vehicles;

Clearance of vegetation;

Changes in landform (cut and fill batters);

Pre-assembly of equipment and installation of bridge features; and

Temporary fencing.

The proposed works will have temporary visual effects during the construction period and will

primarily arise from construction vehicle movements, earthworks, , road signage and barriers.

For viewers in close proximity the construction works will result in a relatively large area of exposed

earthworks and the movement generated by construction equipment. The site works and bridge will

result in contrasting colour and texture of the exposed surfaces and vegetative backdrop. The

earthworks will be exposed for a temporary period until the time that the area is paved, vegetated

and re-grassed, after which views of the carpark extension, plaza and bridge will be filtered by the

new planting.

For long distance views the construction activities will result in small areas of exposed earthworks

and distant views of construction equipment. The construction activities will be a visible element but

due to the distance from the site the degree of visual change and effect on amenity for these viewers

will be low during construction.

Construction activities will temporarily result in a Low visual effect on users of local roads,

residents, recreational users of the Victoria Esplanade and Fitzherbert Bridge.

6.2.3 Representative Viewpoint 1 (Dittmer Drive Residential Properties and

Holiday Park)

Residents of Dittmer Drive and Ruha Street Corner (Viewpoint 1a, 1b and 1c) – The

Street numbers 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125 and 131 Dittmer Drive and 20, 21 and 22



Ruha Street are at the same elevation as the site and will have clear, open views of the site. A degree

of movement in these views is created by traffic travelling on Dittmer Drive in the foreground and

users of the limestone pathway. The carpark and entrance to the holiday park are visible to the east

and in use throughout the day. During the site visit, in the middle of the day, it was clear the

carpark is popular with walkers, runners and people using the reserve. Other foreground features

include the stopbank, light poles, road signs and utility sheds and manholes with steel balustrades

spread along the stopbank.

Mid-distance views comprise the row of shelterbelts on Massey land. Beyond this, views of Massey

university and the Tararua Ranges are heavily filtered or completely screened in places by the

shelterbelt. The flow of the river is not visible from ground floor rooms and viewpoints spread

along Dittmer Drive however, it is assumed the river will be visible from upper floor rooms where it

is not screened by intervening vegetation. Views are drawn to the west along the river corridor and

stopbank away from the proposed bridge location and form the main focus of these views.

Viewer sensitivity from these locations will be high due to the close proximity to the site. However;

in the context of a modified landscape including the presence of urban activities and elements,

these views will potentially be able to absorb the mass and scale of the bridge given the design is

not out of context with the river landscape. Potential visual changes from these properties will

include the removal of existing grass, removal of a short section of the shelterbelt, placement of fill

embankments, plaza, vegetation, pathsand bridge.

The removal of vegetation will be limited to an existing section of mature shelterbelt that occurs on

the Massey side of the river corridor and will result in a localised effect. The gap in the shelterbelt

will afford views to the agricultural land behind the shelterbelts and the Tararua Ranges in the

background.

Unlike the nearby Fitzherbert Bridge, the proposed bridge will comprise slender design elements

which helps to reduce the bulk and form of the structure. As the bridge will generally be viewed

along its centreline, it will appear narrow and moderate in scale. The bridge itself will not block any

of these individual views towards the river and expansive views to the west will be maintained.

From these viewpoints the bridge will be seen against a backdrop of vegetation within the context

of the existing urban residential and parkland environment.

Following construction of the fill embankments on the Massey side the earthworks will be planted

with native species. The bridge and its plaza will be designed to ensure a high level of aesthetic

quality is achieved. The integrity of the views will be maintained through the contribution that the

well-designed elements will afford the viewer. The initial visual effect from this location looking

south is considered to be Moderate. Over time the bridge will become less noticeable as planting

matures and reduces the effect on visual amenity to Low to Moderate.

6.2.4 Representative Viewpoint 2 (Ruha Street)

Residents of Ruha Street (Viewpoint 2). This view is taken from the corner of Ruha Street

and Henare Street and looks south onto a small part of the stopbank in the background. It is an

urban residential view containing a road, residential properties, houses and gardens.

From this viewpoint the viewer sensitivity will be moderate to low. This is because views from the

residential properties are for the most part urban in character, orientated across the street, away

from the proposed bridge site and enclosed by the row of houses and street tree planting.



For vehicles and users of the footpath the street allows a confined ‘vista view’ to the bridge site at

the end of the street. Vegetation within the residential properties and on the roadside verges

obscures parts of the view to the bridge site. The river is below the stopbank and the view does not

extend beyond the shelterbelt in the background.

A small part of the bridge plaza will be visible when travelling south along the street. The width of

the bridge itself will be visible but will not block any views towards the river. When the bridge is

viewed along its centreline it will appear moderate in scale relative to the view and its environment,

it will be seen against a backdrop of vegetation and in context of an urban residential view.

Removal of the shelterbelt will have a negligible effect on these views as it is screened from view by

the stand of trees next to the limestone pathway. Therefore, the overall effect of the Project on

these viewpoints and visual amenity is assessed as being Low to Moderate.

6.2.5 Representative Viewpoint 3 (Dittmer Drive)

Residents of Dittmer Drive Below the Stopbanks (Viewpoint 3a) – being street numbers

59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107 Dittmer Drive and 9 and 16 Katene Street. These

views are between 320 m and 550 m from the proposed site.

Street numbers 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23A, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33 Dittmer Drive

(Viewpoint 3b). These views are between 850 m and 1 km from the proposed site.

The views are directed to the south, away from the site towards the stopbank in the foreground

which screen the river corridor and water surface. The mid-distance and background views are

dominated by the shelterbelt.

The distance from the site and screening effect of the stopbank limits the sensitivity of the

viewpoint. From these low lying locations the viewing angles will not reveal the full height of the

bridge, and the temporary construction works, plaza and paths will not be visible. Even though the

majority of the site will be obscured by the stopbank, the top of the bridge may potentially be

visible. From the first floor locations the site will be viewed in the distance, on the periphery of the

view, and potentially be seen in context of the holiday park and Fitzherbert Bridge in the

background. However, the change in outlook will be small therefore the effect on this viewpoint

and visual amenity will be Low.

6.2.6 Representative Viewpoint 4 (Dittmer Drive)

Residents of Dittmer Drive Level with the Stopbanks (Viewpoint 4) – being street

numbers 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 47A, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57 and 59 Dittmer Drive. These views are

between 550 m and 850 m from the proposed site.

The views are directed to the south, away from the site towards the stopbank in the foreground

which screen the river corridor and water surface. The mid-distance and background views are

dominated by the river bank and shelterbelt. Views towards the site comprises residential

properties, Holiday Park, Dittmer Reserve and Victoria Esplanade in the background. The curve in

the river corridor means that only a short section of the river corridor and a small part of the water

surface is visible from this location.

Viewer sensitivity from these locations will be moderate to low due to the distance from the site.

The bridge and earthworks will be discernible but the effects on properties further than 500 m

from the site will have diminishing effects.



From these locations the full height of the bridge will be visible. Because of the vegetated backdrop

and curve in the river the bridge will be seen in the distance, at the back of the view against a

backdrop of vegetation. The bridge design is visually light relative to its span and will emphasise

the horizontal form of the river environment. The slender, open design will ensure a degree of

openness above and below the structure is retained. Views of the water surface and backdrop will

be maintained and the bridge will not block any views along the length of the river corridor.

While the bridge will be noticeable, the distance and periphery of the bridge within the wider view

greatly diminishes the effect. As such the proposed bridge will not be visually imposing and these

viewpoints will experience small changes to their main views to the south and east. Therefore, the

visual effect is considered to be Low to Moderate and will not fundamentally affect the visual

amenity of the wider view.

6.2.7 Representative Viewpoint 5 (Fitzherbert Bridge)

The viewing audience comprises road users and pedestrians of the shared path on Fitzherbert

Bridge. Views are directed along the bridge and path to the north and south, away from the site.

Views are elevated above the river, approximately 1.3 km upstream of the proposed bridge site. Due

to viewing angle and the screening effect of intervening vegetation the plaza and carpark will not be

visible.

Views to the east and west are dominated by the river corridor in both directions. Foreground and

mid-distance views towards the site comprise the river, river banks, mown lawn areas, shared

footpath, shelterbelt, and Victoria Esplanade. A line of residential properties can be seen in the

above the stopbank background.

Viewer sensitivity from this location will be low due to the screening effect of the intervening

vegetation, distance from the site and the urban-residential backdrop that will be able to absorb the

placement of the bridge structure. Potential changes to these views include removal of a section of

the shelterbelt and placement of fill embankments on the Massey side, construction of the bridge,

new access paths and native planting on the fill embankments.

In terms of visual effects during operation, it is not anticipated that the proposed bridge would give

rise to a significant visual effect, due to be fact that it will be viewed from a distance. It is important

to note the bridge will introduce a sculptural element at the back of this viewshaft. All this will add

to the diversity of the landscape aesthetic and experience by users of Fitzherbert Bridge. As such

the change to these views and visual amenity is assessed to be Low.

6.2.8 Representative Viewpoint 6 (Massey University – Farm Road)

The viewing audience comprises staff and visitors associated with the MAES and with agricultural

activities. It is a panoramic view directed across the low lying flat landscape in the foreground. The

mid-distance views are dominated by the open field patterns with fence lines and farm tracks.

Background views include the shelterbelt and residential properties visible between gaps in the

shelterbelt.

Viewer sensitivity from this location will be low due to the screening effect of the intervening

vegetation, distance from the site and the urban-residential backdrop that will be able to absorb the

placement of the bridge structure. Potential changes to these views include removal of a section of

the shelterbelt and placement of fill embankments, construction of the bridge, new access paths

and native planting on the fill embankments.



The visual scale of the proposed bridge works will be noticeable in the mid-distance but will not

become visually intrusive within the wider view, neither will the bridge block views towards any

significant features. The visual effect of the fill embankment will be mitigated through native

planting and hydroseeding of the disturbed areas around the plaza and carpark. Although the

bridge and site works will become a visible element of these views the overall significance on visual

amenity is considered to be Low to Moderate.

6.2.9 Representative Viewpoint 7 (Local Track Users)

Local track users will have varying views of the site. The viewing angle and intervening vegetation

will determine what can be seen. Views to the site are only available on tracks running in an east-

west direction in close proximity to the site. Viewers further away will be less sensitive due to the

screening effect of the intervening landform and vegetation, and changing, dynamic nature of the

views.

Visual changes affecting these users will mostly be as a result of the removal of grass, construction

of new fill embankments and the bridge structure, new limestone pathway and native planting and

grass on the fill embankments. Due to this lowered viewing angle and the screening effect of

intervening topography and existing vegetation the plaza and carpark will not be visible. As such,

viewer sensitivity from these locations will be moderate to low.

Where viewers are in close proximity to the bridge it will be seen against the open skyline and the

visual change will be apparent to these users. However, the bridge will be viewed as a sequence,

changing as people move through the landscape. From most locations the bridge will be viewed

against a backdrop of vegetation, or as a sequence of filtered views between vegetation which will

help to screen and nestle the bridge in the landscape. During construction users of the track will

have open views of the site works on both sides of the river. The proposed planting will help to

soften and screen the embankment on the Massey side reducing the visual effect. The recontoured

stopbank and disturbed areas will be rehabilitated with suitable grass.

Although the bridge and earthworks will become a visible element of these views the overall effect

on visual amenity is considered to be Low to Moderate. This is due to the filtering effect of the

intervening vegetation and a series of changing views, which will be able to absorb these changes.

Again, it is important to note that disruption of views will be brief and localised as users of the path

pass the site. In addition, the bridge architecture, mass, scale and slender form is balanced with

visual amenity of the river corridor. The proposed design, mitigation and enhancement measures

will not only integrate the proposed bridge into the wider landscape, but provide an opportunity to

improve the recreational potential of the area.

6.2.10 Overall Visual Effects

The overall visual effect of the proposed site works and bridge is considered to be Low to

Moderate and will result in changes to visual amenity for views from the following locations:

Users of surrounding local roads will view changes in the context of the existing reserve

and river corridor. Although the bridge will be a new element in the landscape resulting in

permanent change, the effect will be localised and viewed for a short duration,

Local residents will discern changes dependant on their proximity to the site and their main

viewing angle and point of focus. The most noticeable effect will be views of the bridge, in

particular for residents on the corner of Dittmer Drive and Ruha Street, and



Local users of the existing shared pathways will have varying views of the site works and

bridge.

In summary, any adverse effects will be mitigated by the landscape treatments and site specific

design measures which will help to reduce the temporary and long term visual effects and integrate

the proposed bridge into the river corridor. While the bridge will be apparent from some locations,

from many places the visual change will be very small and the overall effect, with mitigation is

considered to be Low to Moderate.



7 Conclusion

The main component of the project is a new 4.2 m wide pedestrian and cycle bridge over the

Manawatū River connecting to Linton Army Base, Massey University and Massey Agricultural

Experiment Station. The bridge will be located at the end of Ruha Street. The IBC recommended a

preferred bridge location at Ruha Street, due to the close proximity of the existing car park and

reduced potential effects on the nearby residential amenity.

Landscape design has been integral to the design of the project from the outset insofar as is

practicable to achieve enhanced amenity. The proposed bridge will improve amenity and access for

users of the area, local roads, riverbank walkways, recreational users and residents. The bridge and

plaza design will create an iconic feature which will celebrate cultural, historical and environmental

elements of the area.

Effects on landscape character and landscape amenity primarily arise as a result of the fill

embankments and clearance of vegetation required to construct the bridge. The area most sensitive

to change will be the agricultural land on the Massey side of the site where a localised fill

embankment is proposed. The remainder of the works will be constructed in a modified

environment comprising urban elements and features such as paths, an engineered stopbank,

gates, street lights, roads, and structures used for maintenance of the flood defences.

The establishment of planting on the Massey fill embankment will blend the earthworks into the

wider landscape. The proposed planting will be an important measure to help mitigate the visual

effects of the earthworks. It is expected that over time, the landform changes will become gradually

less apparent as the planting matures until the proposed earthworks blend into the wider

landscape. The clearance of vegetation and construction earthworks will result in a small change to

the landscape character and natural values. Therefore the landscape effects on the local area is

assessed to be Low to Moderate.

The proposed works will also result in visual changes. Viewers in close proximity to the proposed

site will be most affected. This will be most notable to the residents on the corner of Dittmer Drive

and Ruha Street looking south and users of the riverbank walkways. These viewers will have clear,

open views of the site. As the bridge will generally be viewed along its length, it will appear ‘slender’

and moderate in scale. The bridge and plaza will be designed to ensure a high level of design,

aesthetic quality and form is achieved. The integrity of the views will be maintained through the

contribution that the well-designed elements will retain and/or improve the viewers outlook and

visual amenity.

In terms of views located approximately at the same level as the stopbank, and at 550 m to 850 m

from the site, the proposed works and bridge will be noticeable. It is not anticipated that this will

give rise to a significant visual effect, as it will be seen in the distance, at the back of the view

against a backdrop of vegetation (Victoria Esplanade) and located on the periphery of the main

viewing angle. As such the change to these views is assessed to be Low to Moderate.

The magnitude of effects from viewpoints beyond 350 m from the site, located below the stopbank

are considered to be Low, primarily due to the distance from the proposed site, low viewing angle

and the ability of the intervening stopbank and vegetation to screen the site. From upper floor

rooms the site will be viewed in the distance and on the periphery of the view.

It is considered that the effects resulting from constructing the proposed bridge can be adequately

mitigated through the measures considered in the landscape concept design. The changes that do



occur as a result of the bridge will be balanced by the proposed architectural treatments and

location in close proximity to the Esplanade, where it is visually absorbed in the landscape by the

vegetation. The bridge will become part of the wider landscape, secondary to the dominant

presence of the wider river corridor and landscape.

When considered overall, the proposed works will result in Low to Moderate landscape effects

and Low to Moderate visual effects. This level of effects is considered sufficiently low to fit

within the definition of ‘less than minor’ under the RMA.



Appendix 1

Landscape Concept Plan

SCALE: NTSDATE: 1 JULY 2016REVIEWED BY: N Aiken DRAWN BY: S Steyn R:\5_Projects (P North)\Manawatu Cycle Bridge PROJECT: 5-P0843.02

‘Karaka Concept’ Cycle Bridge He Ara Kotahi/Linton Shared Pathway - Landscape Concept Plan

Hard Surface

Opus Landscape Architecture | He Ara Kotahi/Linton Shared Pathway

SCALE: 1:200@A3DATE: JULY 2016REVIEWED BY: N Aiken DRAWN BY: S Steyn R:\5_Projects (P North)\Manawatu Cycle Bridge PROJECT: 5-P0843.02

‘Karaka Concept’ Cycle Bridge He Ara Kotahi/Linton Shared Pathway - City End

New bridge

Plant bed

Tall art - pou ‘sentry’

Signage

Shared space

Bollards

Future possible carpark

Ramp

Retaining wall, planter box and steps

Coffee cart location

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1

2

2

2

2

2

2

344

5

6

7

LEGEND

8

9

10

8

9

10


SCALE: 1:200@A3DATE: JULY 2016REVIEWED BY: N Aiken DRAWN BY: S Steyn R:\5_Projects (P North)\Manawatu Cycle Bridge PROJECT: 5-P0843.02

‘Karaka Concept’ Cycle Bridge He Ara Kotahi/Linton Shared Pathway - Massey-Linton End

New bridge

Plant bed

Tall art - pou ‘sentry’

Signage

Viewing deck

1

2

3

4

5

LEGEND

1

2

34

5


SCALE: NTSDATE: JULY 2016REVIEWED BY: N Aiken DRAWN BY: S Steyn R:\5_Projects (P North)\Manawatu Cycle Bridge PROJECT: 5-P0843.02

Manawatu Cycle Bridge He Ara Kotahi/Linton Shared Pathway - Materials Palette

Coloured Concrete

Inspiration - Karaka Tree and Seeds

Coloured Pavers Low Native Planting Landscape Concept Specimen Tree Planting

Saw Cut Line and Construction Joints Saw Cut Line and Construction Joints




Appendix 2

Methodology

The methodology for this Assessment is modelled on the NZ Transport Agency’s Landscape

Guidelines, (Appendix 1)9. In accordance with these guidelines, the assessment provides information

in relation to the effects the Project is deemed to have on the environment and the ways in which the

adverse effects will be mitigated. The level of detail proposed by way of mitigation directly

corresponds with the scale and significance of the effect on the environment. The Assessment

considers landscape, visual and urban design effects on both the immediate neighbourhood and,

where relevant, the wider community.

The methodology responds to the RMA as follows:

Assessment of effects on physical landscape, Section 7 (c) the maintenance and enhancement of

amenity values and (f) maintenance and enhancement of the quality of the environment matters

and are referred to as ‘landscape effects’ within the Assessment, which take into account:

» Landform (earthworks including cut and fill),

» Landcover (loss of vegetation and existing structures), and the

» Effects on landuse (loss of productive land).

Assessment of effects on landscape amenity, Section 7 (c) the maintenance and enhancement of

amenity values and (f) maintenance and enhancement of the quality of the environment matters

and are referred to as ‘visual effects’ within the Assessment, which take into account:

» The ‘fit’ within the existing landscape character and patterns,

» The visual amenity in relation to the appearance of structures such as bridges, retaining

walls and noise mitigation walls, and the

» Visual effects from dwellings and private property.

The following six point scale suggested in the Transport Agency’s Landscape and Visual Assessment

Guidelines is utilised. It is symmetrical around a ‘moderate’ middle score and uses neutral

(‘objective’) descriptors:

No effect – Where the Project will have no discernible change or have a neutral effect on the

existing landscape character or viewer.

Low effect – The Project may be slightly discernible or the distance of the viewer from the

Project is such that it is difficult to discern the Project and consequently has little overall effect.

Low to Moderate effect – The Project may be discernible within the landscape, but will not

have a marked effect on the overall quality of the landscape or affect the viewer. The Project will

have a small effect or change to the quality of the landscape.

Moderate effect – The Project will form a visible and recognisable new element within the

landscape and would be discernible and have a noticeable effect on the overall quality of the

landscape and/or affect to the viewer.

Moderate to High effect – The Project will form a significant and new element within the

landscape and will affect the overall landscape character and/or affect to the viewer.

9 Landscape Guidelines (Final Draft), published by New Zealand Transport Agency, September 2014, Available from: http://www.nzta.govt.nz/resources/landscape-visual-assessment-guidelines/.



High effect – The Project will result in a visible and immediately apparent element within the

landscape and will result in a permanent change to the overall landscape character and/or affect

to the viewer.

+ - =

Sensitivity

The sensitivity of the landscape character and visual amenity is based upon a sliding scale of

importance, ranging from “Very High/International” to “Low/Local”. The sensitivity of these

depends upon the level of modification (pristine natural versus modified engineered) and how

sensitive the environment is to change. The factors that contribute to the sensitivity of the viewing

audience are:

Level of modification (pristine or highly modified);

Quality and condition (coherence/variability);

Number of viewers and frequency; and

Distance from the Project.

Viewing audience Definition

High Viewed within internationally and nationally designated

landscape, the setting of historic buildings and their setting.

Viewed using:

Public walkways/tracks, reserve walkways, national parks and

botanical gardens. Viewed within residential settings.

Moderate Viewed within:

Locally important landscapes, outdoor sports and recreation,

passengers travelling on trains, people within cars on local

roads.

Low People using motorways and major roads, workers within

business premises.

Negligible Viewed within non-designated landscapes, workers within

industrial premises.

Distance

The distance from the Project influences the visual sensitivity of the viewing audience:

Viewing audience Distance

Foreground views (High) Views within 500 metres of the viewer (high level of detail will

be visible).

Mid-distance views

(Moderate)

Views between 500 metres and 800 metres of the viewer (high

level of detail will be visible).

Background views (long

distance views - Low)

Views 800 metres and further (viewers will see the object but

will find it difficult to distinguish detail.

Nature of Effect Magnitude Mitigation Actual Effect



Photo Visualisations

In order to show the visual effect of the bridge on the most sensitive viewpoints a number of photo

visualisation have been produced. The photo visualisations are representative views and illustrate

the potential effect of the proposed development on users of the surrounding landscape.

Mitigation

The mitigation component is described in relation to the measures outlined in the Landscape

Concept Plan which this assessment concurs with. The effect of the specific change to the

environment will be quantified by predicting the magnitude of positive or negative change in relation

to the character of the area. The rating was utilised to determine the extent of landscape mitigation

measures. The assessment does not attempt to predict the visual effects of seasonal changes,

throughout the year, but describes the ‘worst case’ position in terms of the character types or view

for receptors.



Appendix 3

Resource Management Act 1991

The purpose of the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) is to promote the sustainable

management of natural and physical resources, including the natural landscape. Section 5(2) of the

RMA defines ‘sustainable management’ as:

(2) In this Act, sustainable management means managing the use, development, and protection of natural and physical resources in a way, or at a rate, which enables people and com- munities to provide for their social, economic, and cultural wellbeing and for their health and safety while – (a) Sustaining the potential of natural and physical resources (excluding minerals) to meet the

reasonably foreseeable needs of future generations; and (b) Safeguarding the life-supporting capacity of air, water, soil, and ecosystems; and (c) Avoiding, remedying, or mitigating any adverse effects of activities on the environment.

Section 6 of the RMA includes the following relevant matters of national importance which must be

recognised and provided for:

6 Matters of national importance In achieving the purpose of this Act, all persons exercising functions and powers under it, in relation to managing the use, development and protection of natural and physical resources, shall recognise and provide for the following matters of national importance: (a) The preservation of the natural character of the coastal environment (including the coastal marine

area), wetlands, and lakes and rivers and their margins, and the protection of them from inappropriate subdivision, use and development:

(b) The protection of outstanding natural features and landscapes from inappropriate subdivision, use and development:

(d) The maintenance and enhancement of public access to and along the coastal marine area, lakes, and rivers:

Section 7 of the RMA deals with ‘other’ matters, to which particular regard must be had in the

management of the use, development and protection of natural and physical resources. Visual

Effects may be specifically considered under this section as follows:

7 Other matters In achieving the purpose of this Act, all persons exercising functions and powers under it, in relation to managing the use, development, and protection of natural and physical resources, shall have particular regard to – (c) The maintenance and enhancement of amenity values: (f) Maintenance and enhancement of the quality of the environment:



Policy Documents

Palmerston North City Council District Plan

15.2.2 THE CONSERVATION AND AMENITY ZONE

The Conservation and Amenity Zone covers those natural areas which have been identified as

having high environmental or amenity values and which are generally in Council ownership. It

includes areas of significant indigenous flora and fauna and important scenic areas. Examples of

parks and reserves in the Zone are Bledisloe Park, McCrae’s Bush in Ashhurst and Keeble’s Bush

near Linton.

Through the institution of this Zone, Council seeks to recognise and protect the values of these

areas by restricting the range of activities and associated development permitted within the zone.

The protection of the features and qualities of such high value environments provide significant

benefits to the City as they constitute an integral component which contributes to the diversity of

the City’s recreation environment as well as contributing to its visual and amenity character.

The Conservation and Amenity Zone also includes the City’s walkways system which performs a

unique function through providing open, undeveloped areas for walking and by acting as a link to

other open space areas. Walking is a popular recreational pastime that has minimal potential to

affect the environment.

R15.5.6.1 Parking

Parking is a Restricted Discretionary Activity with regard to:

The safe and efficient operation of the roading network;

Design and appearance;

The provision of car parking.

In determining the conditions to be imposed, if any, Council will, in addition to the City View

Objectives in section 2 and the Conservation and Amenity Zone objectives and policies, assess any

application in terms of the following further policies:

a. To avoid, remedy or mitigate the effects of parking not accommodated on the site, on the safe

and efficient operation of the roading network.

b. To ensure that the means of parking provision remain in character with the conservation and

amenity character of the Zone.

c. To avoid, remedy or mitigate the effects of off-site parking on the ambience and amenity

values of adjoining residential neighbourhoods.

d. The further standards within Rule 20.3.7.2.

Explanation

A number of conservation and amenity reserves may attract more vehicles than can be

accommodated on or close to a reserve. The overflow of vehicles into surrounding areas detracts

from the amenities of these areas and may affect public safety. The Council aims to ensure that



parking is provided only where it is essential to meet a demonstrated demand and will not

compromise any of the special qualities of these reserves.

R15.5.8.1 Non-Complying Activities

Any activity, building or structure that does not comply with the Performance Conditions for

Permitted Activities, or is not a Permitted, Controlled, Restricted Discretionary Activity or

Discretionary Activity shall be a Non-Complying Activity.

Explanation

The Conservation and Amenity Zone’s purpose is to identify and protect areas of scenic, scientific,

heritage, and conservation and amenity significance to the City. The restriction on the size, type

and effects generated by activities aims to ensure that appropriate activities are able to operate

within the Zone while avoiding, remedying or mitigating any adverse effects on the integrity of the

zone as an area of scenic, scientific, heritage, and conservation and amenity significance.



Appendix 4

Photos



Figure 4-1 (Viewpoint 1a): Panoramic view looking south east from 115 Dittmer Drive

Figure 4-2 (Viewpoint 1a): Proposed panoramic view looking south east from 115 Dittmer Drive



Figure 4-3 (Viewpoint 1b): Panoramic view looking east from the holiday park

Figure 4-4 (Viewpoint 1c): Panoramic view looking south from 131 Dittmer Drive



Figure 4-5 (Viewpoint 2): View looking south from the corner of Ruha Street and Park Road

Figure 4-6 (Viewpoint 2): Proposed view looking south from the corner of Ruha Street and Park Road



Figure 4-7 (Viewpoint 3a): Panoramic view looking east from properties in close proximity to Katene Street and Dittmer Drive towards the Project in the background (approximately 450 m from the Project)

Figure 4-8 (Viewpoint 3b): View looking east from properties in close proximity to Wikiriwhi Crescent and Dittmer Drive towards the Project in the background (approximately 1 km from the Project below

the stopbank)

Figure 4-9 (Viewpoint 4): Panoramic view looking east from 41 Dittmer Drive towards the Project



Figure 4-10 (Viewpoint 5): View looking west from Fitzherbert Bridge towards the Project

Figure 4-11 (Viewpoint 5): Proposed View looking west from Fitzherbert Bridge towards the Project



Figure 4-12 (Viewpoint 6): Panoramic view looking north from Farm Road (Massey Science Centre) toward the Project in the centre of the photo

Figure 4-13 (Viewpoint 7a): View looking west from Victoria Esplanade path towards the Project

Figure 4-14 (Viewpoint 7b): View looking east from the limestone pathway towards the Project



Figure 4-15 (Viewpoint 8): View looking east from the top of the stopbank in close proximity to Wikiriwhi Crescent and Dittmer Drive towards the Project in the background (approximately 1 km from

the Project)

Figure 4-16 (Viewpoint 8): Proposed view looking east from the top of the stopbank in close proximity to Wikiriwhi Crescent and Dittmer Drive towards the Project in the background (approximately 1 km from

the Project)



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