Managing windows xp file systems and storage.2012.university duhok.bioloy.dashty rihany

Managing Windows XP File Systems and Storage

Prepared by: Dashty Latif MustafaSubject: Computer

Group: ADate : 17-May.-2012

Biology department

Duhok-Biology department-Computer

Objectives

• Understand basic and dynamic storage• Understand the drive configurations supported by

Windows XP• Understand the FAT, FAT32, and NTFS file systems• Understand Windows XP drive, volume, and partition

maintenance and administration• Understand how to manage folder-level properties• Understand permissions, sharing, and other issues

related to file systems

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Duhok-Biology department-Computer

File Storage Basics• Basic storage

• Centers on partitioning physical disk• Dynamic storage

• New method supported only by Windows XP and Windows 2000

• Based on volumes, not partitions• Allows for more flexibility in drive configurations

Duhok-Biology department-Computer 4

Basic Storage• Traditional method of dividing a hard drive into

partitions• Partition

• Logical division of the physical space on a hard drive• Must be formatted before they can be used


Activity 4-1: Creating a Disk Partition

• Objective: Use Disk Management to create a new partition

• Use Computer Management tool to create a partition• Primary partition

• Can be marked active • Used to boot the computer

• Extended partition • Can be subdivided into additional divisions or drives called

logical drives• Cannot be used to boot computer


Activity 4-2: Activating a Partition

• Objective: Use Disk Management to make a different partition active

• Follow instructions to mark partition active• Volumes

• Two to 32 partitions combined into a single logical structure formatted with a single file system

• Represented in the operating system by a single drive letter• Should be as large as file system/OS allows


Dynamic Storage

• Does not use partitions• Views an entire physical hard drive as a single entity• Drives belong to the OS on which they were created• Existing drives with partitions can be upgraded to

dynamic storage


Activity 4-3: Creating a New Volume/Activity

• Objective: Use the Disk Management tool to create a new volume and format it with a file system

• Follow instructions to create a new volume using Computer Management


Activity 4-4: Converting From Basic to Dynamic

• Objective: Use Disk Management to convert a basic disk to a dynamic disk.

• Follow instructions to convert drive


Activity 4-5: Creating a New Volume on a Dynamic Disk

• Objective: Create a volume on a dynamic disk• Create a new volume on the disk created in the

previous activity.


Activity 4-6: Extending a Volume• Objective: Use Disk Management to extend a

volume• Volume is extended to cover two drives • Good technique when drive runs out of space


Activity 4-7: Reverting From Dynamic to Basic

• Objective: Use Disk Management to convert a dynamic disk back to a basic disk

• Volumes on drive must be removed before drive is converted


Drive Configurations• Simple volume

• All or part of a single drive• Spanned volume

• Two or more parts (up to 32) of one or more drives, or a volume configuration of two or more entire drives

• Striped volume• Two or more volumes (up to 32) of one or more drives or

two or more entire drives (up to 32)• Do not provide any fault tolerance


File Systems• XP supported file systems:

• NTFS• FAT • FAT32


FAT and FAT32• For backwards compatibility with older systems• Supports volumes up to 4 GB in size• Most efficient on volumes smaller than 256 MB• Root directory can contain only 512 entries• No file-level compression• No file-level security• Maximum file size is 2 GB


NTFS• Support for volumes up to 2 TB in size• Most efficient on volumes larger than 10 MB• Root directory can contain unlimited entries• File-level compression• File-level security• File-level encryption• Disk quotas, which are a means to limit drive space

consumption by users


Converting File Systems• To convert:

• Reformat drive with new file system• Use Convert utility to convert FAT/FAT32 to NTFS


Activity 4-8: Converting To NTFS

• Objective: Use the CONVERT command to convert a FAT partition to NTFS

• Follow instructions to convert partition• Proceed only if the conversion of this volume will not

compromise your system


File Compression• Ability to compress data on the basis of single files,

folders, or entire volumes• Benefit

• Able to store more data in the same space• Drawback

• Performance suffers due to compressing and uncompressing

• Must have Full Control to compress object


Activity 4-9: Compressing and Decompressing A Folder

• Objective: Use Windows Explorer to compress and decompress a folder and its contents

• Practice compressing folders using the folder Properties


Disk Management Actions• Disk Management tool• All Tasks menu

• Context sensitive menu• Options to create, remove and configure

• Disks• Volumes• Partitions


Activity 4-10: Changing Drive Letters

• Objective: Change the letter assigned to a drive using the right-click menu

• Use Disk Management tool to change drive letter


Activity 4-11: Deleting a Partition

• Objective: Delete a partition• Follow instructions to use Disk Management to

remove a partition


Activity 4-12: Deleting a Volume

• Objective: Use Disk Management to delete a volume• Follow instructions to use Disk Management to

remove a volume


The Properties Dialog Boxes• Offer additional details and configuration settings for:

• Drives• Volumes• Partitions


Drive Letters and Mount Points• Grant applications and user interface utilities access

to file system resources• A & B:

• Used for floppies• C through Z

• Used for local hard drives or mappings for network shares• Mount point

• Alternative to drive letters• Connects a FAT/FAT32 or NTFS volume or partition to an

empty directory on an NTFS volume or partition


Activity 4-13: Creating a New Mounted Volume

• Objective: Create a mount point on an NTFS folder using Disk Management. Create a new map point to Partition B


Activity 4-14: Deleting a Mounted Volume

• Objective: Delete the mounted volume that was created in the last activity


Disk Cleanup• Tool used to free up space on hard drives by

removing deleted, orphaned, temporary, or downloaded files


Check Disk• Inspection utility • Examines disk integrity and locates both logical and

physical errors on a hard drive• Called ScanDisk Check Disk in earlier versions of

Windows• Used after improper shutdown


Defragmentation• Fragmentation

• Division of a file into two or more parts• Each part stored in a different location on the hard drive

• Defragmentation • Reorganize files so they are stored contiguously and no

gaps are left between files• Disk Defragmenter utility


FSUTIL• Powerful command-line utility• Only used by administrators• Help and Support Center

• Contains online documentation


Folder Options• Used to set the functional and visual parameters of

the folders on the system• General tab• View tab• File Types tab• Offline Files tab


File System Object Level Properties

• Accessed through• Properties dialog boxes of folder or object

• Minor differences depending on file system


NTFS Folder Object

• General tab:• General information (name, size, etc.)

• Sharing tab• Security tab


FAT/FAT32 Folder Object

• General tab:• Name, type, location, etc.

• Sharing tab• Customize tab


NTFS File Object• Three common tabs:

• General• Sharing• Security

• Other tabs depending on object type


FAT/FAT32 File Object• General tab• Other tabs depending on

object type


NTFS-Mounted Volume Object• General tab• Sharing tab• Security tab• Customize tab


FAT/FAT32-Mounted Volume Object

• General tab• Sharing tab• Customize tab


Managing NTFS Permissions• NTFS

• Only file system supported by Windows XP that offers file-level security

• Determines what can be done to a file system object and who can perform those actions

• Different permissions for folders and files


NTFS File and Folder Permissions

• Read• Write• List folder contents• Read & execute• Modify• Full control• Configured on the Security tab of object’s Properties

dialog box


Rules for Working With NTFS Permissions

• NTFS object permissions always apply• Permissions are cumulative• Override any contradictory settings on the parent or

container folder• Deny overrides all other specific Allows


Inheritance of Permissions• New object assumes permissions of parent container• Moving or copying an object from NTFS to FAT

• NTFS settings are lost • Object inherits the FAT attributes and settings of its new

container• Moving or copying an object from FAT to NTFS

• Object inherits NTFS settings and permissions of its new container


Troubleshooting Access and Permission Problems

• Most access problems:• Resource object has wrong settings • Or user account has wrong settings

• Avoid Common problems:• Grant permission only as needed.• Rely upon NTFS to restrict access• Grant Full Control only when necessary, even on shares• Change permissions on a folder level, allow changes to

affect all child elements


Simple File Sharing• Used when quick and easy file sharing is needed• Commonly used in home networks• No granular permission control• Effective only when Windows XP is a member of

workgroup• Dragging and dropping folders and drives into Shared

Documents folder


Managing Shared Folders• Sharing tab

• Found on both FAT/FAT32 and NTFS folder Properties dialog boxes

• Used to enable remote access


Activity 4-15: Creating a Share

• Objective: Create a share using Windows Explorer for a specific group

• Activity requires that Windows XP be installed and that an NTFS partition is present.


Activity 4-16: Creating and Removing a Share

• Objective: Use Windows Explorer to create and then remove a share

• Activity requires that Windows XP be installed and that an NTFS partition is present


Activity 4-17: Mapping a Network Drive

• Objective: Use Windows Explorer to map a drive to a network share

• Activity requires that the Windows XP Professional be a client on a network with at least one shared folder available for mapping


Working With Media Folders and The Customize Tab

• My Documents, My Music, and My Pictures folders• Default storage locations for:

• Documents• Music files• Images

• Top-level media folders cannot be altered• Customize tab

• Used to define type of folder the mount point represents


Zipping Files and Compressed Folders

• Zipped files • Preferred method of moving large or multiple files around

over the Internet• Compressed files that house one or more files into a

single .zip file• Zipping capabilities built into file system of XP


Burning CDs• Support for writing files to a blank recordable CD

Included in XP• Ability to duplicate CDs• Record audio CDs from other audio CDs or music

files (through Windows Media Player)• Erase CD-RWs


Activity 4-18: Copying Files to a CD

• Objective: Use Windows XP’s built-in CD-burning software to copy files from the disk drive to a CD


Using Offline Files• Work with network files when not connected to

network• Does not change normal access methods• Maintains the duplicate offline version of the files• Redirections completely unseen by user


Activity 4-19: Accessing Offline Files

• Objective: Make files located on the network available while not connected to the network

• Use Windows Explorer to make files available offline


Folder Redirection• Alter physical storage location of commonly used

folders • Redirect to a network server • Retain original local access methods• To configure:

• Local users alter location of My Documents folder• Group policy redirects to a share on a network server


Removable Media• Include any storage device installed onto a Windows

XP system• Tape devices• DVD and CD-ROM drives• Optical drives• Zip and Jaz drives• Can be configured through Device Manager


The Microsoft Distributed File System

• Windows 2000 or Windows .NET Server-hosted service

• Manipulate and manage shared resources• Single hierarchical system• Single access point for logical tree structure• No regard to physical location of resources


Summary• Volumes and partitions formatted with NTFS, FAT, or

FAT32• NTFS recommended• Disk-related utilities are Disk Cleanup, Check Disk,

Disk Defragmenter• File system objects have Properties• XP includes support for simple file sharing, zipped

files, CD burning, folder redirection, management of removable media, and DFS