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Managing the Temporary Movement of Foreign Workers
Sophie NonnenmacherMigration Policy Specialist
Migration Policy, Research and Communication Department
Structure of the presentation
1. Introduction: Why promoting labour mobility matters?
2. What is GATS Mode 4?
3. How is labour mobility regulated today?
4. Conclusion: How to achieve policy coherence?
1. Why promoting labour mobility matters?
Est. USD 150 bl.-200 bl. per year
Remittances: USD 318 bl in 2007
Migration regulators’ concerns
- Sovereignity
Global economic gains
- Security
• certain job categoriesResponse to employment,
demographic, social, environmental challenges
- National identity
- Social services
- Impact on domestic labour markets:
• wages
Migrants worldwide -- all categories
Labour migrants
Temporary labour migrants
Mode 4: temporary movement of persons for the provision of services
2. What is GATS Mode 4 ?
200 million
90 million
?
?
Mode 4 within the overall migration picture
Defining Mode 4
2. What is GATS Mode 4 ?
“the supply of a service (…) by a service supplier of one member, through the presence of natural persons of a member in the territory of any other members” (Art. I. 2-d).
The Annex : does not apply to measures affecting access to the employment market of a member or to rules on citizenship, residence or employment on a permanent basis.
Mode 4Temporary
Entry for specific purpose
(not in labour market)
2. What is GATS Mode 4?
Defining issues
Who are GATS Mode 4 service providers ?
- Lack of uniform international definitions
- How long is temporary ??
Self-employed or independent service suppliers
Employees of a foreign company who are sent to fullfil a contract with a host country client
Employees of foreign companies established in the host country (Intra Corporate Transferees)
Business visitors
Developed along parallel tracks
Two sets of realities
; it’s about trade in servicesMode 4: not a migration agreement
Governmental policies & practices
for migration
managementMode 4
3. Mode 4 within overall migration picture
Framework governing migration
Relevant regulatory framework:
4. Tools/Mechanisms for Managing Temporary Labour Migration
a. Countries of destination
- Quotas
- Economic Needs Tests
- Admissions policy
- Objectives
- Tools
- Meet demand for labour
- Protect domestic jobs and wages
- Labour Market Assessments- Work Permits
- Promote business or investment more broadly (business visitors).
- Manage intra corporate transferees
- Provide domestic business access to services (contractual service suppliers).
Migration management: first and foremost at national level
- Acquire & transfer home skills & resources
Philippines Overseas Employment Agency (POEA)
4. Tools/Mechanisms for Managing Temporary Labour Migration
b. Countries of origin
- Objectives
- Place excess labour overseas
- Tools
- Recruits - Screens - Prepares
Filippino workers for overseas employment
- Facilitate flow of remittances
- Supports
Inter-state Cooperation
- Rise of migration on int. agendas
- Increasingly globalized labour market
- Recognition transnational phenomenon: transnational approaches
4. Tools/Mechanisms for Managing Temporary Labour Migration
- On the rise
- Multiple goals
Bilateral labour agreements
Regional trade and integration agreements
- All skill levels
Tools
- Increasing
Regional Consultative Processes
4. Tools/Mechanisms for Managing Temporary Labour Migration
4. Conclusion: How to achieve policy coherence?
Governmental policies & practices
for migration
management: Unilateral/Bilateral/
Regional/GATS Mode 4
Trade and trade in services policy
Economic, social and human Development
