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fkaf]Zqfsb lc qeb cfoj—p molmbkpfqv ql ob]Zii qlvp fk qeb cl]Zi nrZoqbo( [rq fq tZp klq fkaf]Zqfsb lc

lro pb]lka)pqZdb abmbkabkq sZofZ[ib( qeb qbklo lc jbafZ ]lsboZdb %?Zp]ib( /--58 EZjfiqlk !

Kf]hboplk( /--0&+ Qeb pbib]qba fkpqorjbkq Zp tbii Zp moflo ibsbip lc cfoj tolkdalfkd

pfdkfcf]Zkqiv mobaf]qba qeb mol[Z[fifqv lc ob]Ziifkd Z qlv( tefib qeb vbZo arjjfbp afa klq+ Qeb

Fksbopb Jfiip— oZqfl tZp klq pfdkfcf]Zkq fk qeb pb]lka pqZdb+ QZhbk qldbqebo( lro cfkafkdp prddbpq

qeZq qlv ob]Ziip Zob Zk buldbklrp sZofZ[ib %?Zp]ib( /--58 JbpnrfqZ ! ?orpe( /--58 Qlkd( Obrbo(

! Mbkd( /--5&+

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qtl qtl)pqZdb Eb]hjZk ]loob]qflk jlabip Zka qtl AZsfaplk)JZ]Hfkklk qbpqp lc buldbkbfqv

%PqZqZ ]ljjZka7 aibulduq&( qeb iZqqbo lc tef]e cliiltba qtl)pqZdb ibZpq pnrZobp bpqfjZqflkp clo

bZ]e qvmb lc Z]qflkp+ Fk qeb cfopq pqZdb lc bZ]e Eb]hjZk bpqfjZqflk( tb pbib]qba qeb krj[bo lc

qb]ekf]Zi %]bobjlkfZi& Z]qflkp qZhbk [v qeb cfoj qtl nrZoqbop Zcqbo qeb ob]Zii Zp lro fkpqorjbkq( Zp

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[rq klq tfqe lro abmbkabkq sZofZ[ib fk qeb pb]lka pqZdb( qeb qbklo lc jbafZ ]lsboZdb+ Tb Zipl

fk]iraba cfoj tolkdalfkd( cfoj Zppbqp( Zka Z arjjv clo qeb clroqe nrZoqbo fk lro cfopq)pqZdb

jlabi( Zp qeblobqf]Ziiv qebv pelria fkcirbk]b Z cfoj—p molmbkpfqv ql bkdZdb fk qb]ekf]Zi lo

]bobjlkfZi Z]qflkp+ Fk [lqe fqboZqflkp( lro pbib]qba fkpqorjbkqp Zka cfoj Zppbqp pfdkfcf]Zkqiv

mobaf]qba qeb cfoj—p molmbkpfqv ql bkdZdb fk bfqebo qb]ekf]Zi lo ]bobjlkfZi Z]qflkp( tefib cfoj

tolkdalfkd Zka qeb clroqe nrZoqbo arjjv afa klq+ Fksbopb Jfiip oZqflp fk [lqe bpqfjZqflkp tbob

01

klq pfdkfcf]Zkq( fkaf]Zqfkd qeZq [lqe qvmbp lc Z]qflkp tbob buldbklrp+ Tfqe qebpb ol[rpqkbpp

]eb]hp( tb [bifbsb tb eZsb oriba lrq qeb jlpq ifhbiv bumiZkZqflkp lc bkaldbkbfqv fk lro

evmlqebpfwba obiZqflkpefmp+ Eltbsbo( Zp tfqe Zii pl]fZi p]fbk]b obpbZo]e( tb ]Zkklq ]lk]irpfsbiv

]iZfj ]ZrpZifqv fk lro obiZqflkpefmp lo abcfkfqfsbiv orib lrq ZiqbokZqfsb bumiZkZqflkp %?Zp]ib(

/--58 EZjfiqlk ! Kf]hboplk( /--0&+

AFO:ROOFLK

PeblnbpfZWh :lkpnfYrpflko

Tfqe qefp pqrav( tb jZhb pbsboZi ]lkqof[rqflkp ql lodZkfwZqflkZi qeblov+ Cfopq( tb buqbka

ob]bkq obpbZo]e qeZq eZp buZjfkba qeb fkcirbk]b lc fkcljbafZofbp lk cfoj)ibsbi Zka fkarpqov)ibsbi

lrq]ljbp [rq eZp mZfa ifqqib Zqqbkqflk ql elt fkcljbafZofbp qebjpbisbp ]Zk [b fkcirbk]ba [v qeb

cfojp qebv ]lsbo %Mliil]h bq Zi+( /--58 TbpqmeZi ! Abbmelrpb( /-..&+ Tb ]lkqof[rqb ql qefp

obpbZo]e pqobZj [v bumif]Zqfkd qeb pqoZqbdfbp cfojp qZhb ql fkcirbk]b jbafZ obmloqfkd cliiltfkd

qebfo ltk lo fkarpqov tolkdalfkd+ AoZtfkd colj obpbZo]e qeZq Zfjp ql rkabopqZka elt

fkafsfarZip jZhb pbkpb lc Z cfoj—p Z]qflkp obiZqfsb ql fqp mbbop Zka fkarpqov %b+d+( Dobsb bq Zi+(

/-.-8 MloZ] ! QeljZp( .66-8 Obdbo ! MZijbo( .663&( tb Zipl molsfab fkpfdeq fkql qeb mol]bpp

qeolrde tef]e cfojp [b]ljb Zppl]fZqba tfqe lo afpZppl]fZqba colj qeb ]ldkfqfsb ]Zqbdlofbp qeZq

pqZhbeliabop ]lkpqor]q colj jbafZ ]lsboZdb( abmbkafkd lk qeb plro]b lc tolkdalfkd+

Pb]lka( lro cl]rp lk Z pmb]fcf] fkarpqov Ziiltba rp ql dbkboZqb klsbi qeblobqf]Zi

Zodrjbkqp qeZq abisb fkql qeb ]ldkfqfsb ]ZqbdlofwZqflkp lc qb]ekf]Zi Zka ]bobjlkfZi Z]qflkp Z cfoj

jZv qZhb Zcqbo tolkdalfkd+ Tb [Zpb lro ]Zqbdlofbp lc cfoj Z]qflkp lk elt qebv Zob ifhbiv ql [b

mbo]bfsba [v qeb jbafZ Zka pqZhbeliabop+ =aafqflkZiiv( tb aobt lk obpbZo]e fk pl]fZi

mpv]elildv ql bumiZfk elt qeb qtl qvmbp lc Z]qflkp Zccb]q qeb jbafZ Zka pqZhbeliabop afccbobkqiv

rkabo afccbobkq ]fo]rjpqZk]bp+ ?v alfkd pl( tb buqbka ]ofpfp Zka fjmobppflk jZkZdbjbkq

02

obpbZo]e qeZq eZp fksbpqfdZqba elt cfoj Z]]lrkqp Zccb]q pqZhbeliabo obpmlkpbp( [rq qeZq eZp klq

molsfaba pl]fl)]ldkfqfsb bumiZkZqflkp clo tev pmb]fcf] Z]]lrkqp Zob jlob lo ibpp bccb]qfsb rkabo

afccbobkq ]fo]rjpqZk]bp+ ?v qZhfkd qb]ekf]Zi Z]qflkp fk ifdeq lc fkarpqov tolkdalfkd( Z cfoj jZv

objfka pqZhbeliabop Z[lrq fqp jbj[bopefm fk qeb fkarpqov( Zka qefp jZv obfkclo]b ZiobZav)

bpqZ[ifpeba kbdZqfsb fjmobppflkp Z[lrq qeb cfoj+ QZhfkd ]bobjlkfZi Z]qflkp jZv Zipl [Z]hcfob fc

qeb cfoj tZp bkdZdba fk tolkdalfkd [b]Zrpb pr]e qZ]qf]p ]lria [b fkqbomobqba Zp pbic)pbosfkd Zka

]vkf]Zi+ Tb [bifbsb qeZq qeb qeblobqf]Zi ]Zqbdlofbp lc Z]qflkp absbilmba fk qefp pqrav tfii [b

rpbcri fk drfafkd crqrob obpbZo]e [bvlka qeb aljZfk lc pl]fZi ZmmolsZi+ Clo fkpqZk]b( fq jfdeq [b

qeb ]Zpb qeZq qeblofwfkd Z[lrq cfoj Z]qflkp [v elt qebv Zob ifhbiv ql obfkclo]b lo abcib]q qeb

Zqqbkqflk lc ]ljmbqfqlop jZv vfbia fkqbobpqfkd obpriqp fk ]ljmbqfqfsb avkZjf]p obpbZo]e %Pjfqe bq

Zi+( .66.&+ Tb Zipl ob]ldkfwb qeZq qebob Zob lmmloqrkfqfbp ql absbilm jlob krZk]ba ]Zqbdlofbp

qeZq jZv jlob criiv bk]ljmZpp qeb oZkdb lc fkclojZqflk pr[pfafbp ZsZfiZ[ib ql cfojp tebk

obpmlkafkd ql tolkdalfkd+ Tb bk]lroZdb crqrob pqrafbp ql buZjfkb qebpb mlppf[fifqfbp fk jlob

abmqe+

=aafqflkZiiv( tb buqbka obpbZo]e lk qeb clojZqflk lc pqZhbeliabop— gradjbkqp Z[lrq

cfoj—p Z]qflkp qeZq sfliZqb pl]fZi bumb]qZqflkp %b+d+( JfpefkZ bq Zi+( /-..8 Phltolkphf ! @Zoipqlk(

.654& [v qeblobqf]Ziiv fksbpqfdZqfkd Zka molsfafkd prmmloq clo qeb obiZqfsb bccb]qfsbkbpp lc Z

cfoj—p Z]qflkp fk obpqlofkd qeb mlpfqfsb qbklo lc jbafZ ]lsboZdb Zcqbo Z sfliZqflk qZhbp miZ]b+

Eltbsbo( tefib lro cl]rp lk qlv ob]Ziip Ziiltba rp ql qbpq mobsflrpiv rkbuZjfkba avkZjf]p fk Z

pmb]fcf] fkarpqov( lro pqrav albp klq Z]]lrkq clo mlqbkqfZi sZofZk]b fk qeb tZv afccbobkq

pqZhbeliabo dolrmp fkqbomobq cfoj Z]qflkp+ Fq fp mlppf[ib qeZq tefib qeb jbafZ Zka ]lkprjbop jZv

sfbt molar]q ob]Ziip fk qeb qlv fkarpqov Zp kbdZqfsb Z]qflkp qeZq sfliZqb pl]fZi klojp Zka mrq

]rpqljbop Zq ofph( lqebo pqZhbeliabo dolrmp( pr]e Zp fksbpqlop( jZv fkqbomobq pr]e Z]qflkp

03

afccbobkqiv( mboeZmp Zp kb]bppZov nrZifqv ]lkqoli moZ]qf]bp+ Crqebojlob( dfsbk qeb pbkpfqfsfqfbp

Zppl]fZqba tfqe qlv ob]Ziip Zka qebfo mlqbkqfZi clo eZojfkd ]efiaobk( molar]q ob]Ziip fk lqebo

fkarpqofbp jZv klq [b sfbtba pfjfiZoiv( Zka qebv jZv klq ibZa ql qeb pZjb ibsbip lc ab]ifkb fk

pl]fZi ZmmolsZi+ Clo buZjmib( fq tlria [b fkclojZqfsb ql hklt fc ob]Ziip lc lqebo ]lkprjbo

molar]qp( pr]e Zp ZmmifZk]bp lo bib]qolkf]p( tlria dbkboZqb qeb pZjb hfka lc jbafZ ]lsboZdb Zka

cfoj fjmobppflk jZkZdbjbkq pqoZqbdfbp Zp tb eZsb pbbk ebob+ CfkZiiv( afccbobkq hfkap lc

tolkdalfkd arb ql jfpjZkZdbjbkq( pr]e Zp bZokfkdp obpqZqbjbkqp( cfkZk]fZi coZra( Zka

bksfolkjbkqZi ]ljmifZk]b cZfirobp %b+d+( JfpefkZ( ?il]h( Avhbp( ! Mliil]h( /-.-8 McZoobo bq Zi+(

/--5[&( jZv Zccb]q qeb jbafZ Zka pqZhbeliabo dolrmp afccbobkqiv Zka qerp Ziqbo qeb bccb]qfsbkbpp

lc cfoj Z]qflkp fk tZvp lqebo qeZk qelpb tb eZsb pbbk fk qefp mZmbo+ Clo buZjmib( obpbZo]e eZp

fksbpqfdZqba qeb bccb]qp lc tolkdalfkd Zppl]fZqba tfqe ]ljmbqbk]b lo ]ZmZ[fifqv Zka qelpb

Zppl]fZqba tfqe ]eZoZ]qbo lo fkqbdofqv %b+d+( JfpefkZ bq Zi+( /-..8 Phltolkphf ! @Zoipqlk( .654(

.656&+ Fq ZmmbZop qeZq fk lro ]Zpb( qeb jbafZ Zka pqZhbeliabop mbo]bfsb qlv ob]Ziip Zp jlob lc Zk

fkqbdofqv sfliZqflk qeZk Z ]ljmbqbk]b sfliZqflk+ QeZq fp( qebv ]lkpfabo Z qlv ob]Zii Z sfliZqflk lc

Z]]bmqZ[ib sZirbp Zka klojp+ Qerp( tb tlria bumb]q( Zka eZsb qeblofwba Z[lsb( qeZq kbdZqfsb

fkclojZqflk tlria eZsb dobZqbo tbfdeq Zka afZdklpqf]fqv lk qeb jbafZ Zka pqZhbeliabop—

mbo]bmqflkp fk qefp ]lkqbuq+ Qebobclob( qeb bccb]qfsbkbpp lc Z cfoj—p Z]qflkp abmbkap lk elt qeb

cfoj obcl]rpbp Zqqbkqflk ql qeb ob]Zii+ Lc ]lropb( qeb bccb]qp lc qb]ekf]Zi Zka ]bobjlkfZi Z]qflkp

lk qeb qbklo lc jbafZ ]lsboZdb Zka pqZhbeliabop— mbo]bmqflkp jZv [b afccbobkq clo ]ljmbqbk]b)

lo mboclojZk]b)[Zpba sfliZqflkp( pr]e Zp Z kbdZqfsb bZokfkdp promofpb lo Z praabk aolm fk pZibp

%McZoobo bq Zi+( /-.-&+ Tb bk]lroZdb obpbZo]ebop fkqbobpqba fk qeb ifkhp [bqtbbk cfoj tolkdalfkd(

cfoj Z]qflkp( Zka jbafZ ]lsboZdb ql buZjfkb qeb obiZqflkpefmp qbpqba fk qefp mZmbo Z]olpp jriqfmib

04

fkarpqofbp( pqZhbeliabo dolrmp( Zka mbo]bmqflkp lc teZq fp ]lkpfaboba Z sfliZqflk Zp tbii Zp fqp

qvmb+

CfkZiiv( [v cl]rpfkd lk qeb avkZjf]p [bqtbbk Z cl]Zi cfoj Zka lqebo cfojp fk Z pmb]fcf]

fkarpqov( tb buqbka kZp]bkq lodZkfwZqflkZi obpbZo]e lk kbdZqfsb pmfiilsbop qeZq eZp [bdrk ql

buZjfkb qebpb obiZqflkpefmp %b+d+( ?Zokbqq ! ElccjZk( /--58 HZkd( /--58 HlpqlsZ ! WZebbo(

.666&+ Pmb]fcf]Ziiv( [v rqfifwfkd pl]fl)]ldkfqfsb Zodrjbkqp( tb Zaa bumiZkZqlov jb]eZkfpjp ql

ob]bkq cfkafkdp lc afob]q kbdZqfsb pmfiilsbo bccb]qp+ =aafqflkZiiv( lro cfkafkd lc Z pZcbqv)fk)

krj[bop bccb]q clo qeb cl]Zi cfoj Zcqbo Z ob]Zii molsfabp kbt pl]fl)]ldkfqfsb fkpfdeqp fkql

fkarpqov avkZjf]p qeZq ]Zk fkcirbk]b jbafZ ]lsboZdb Zcqbo Z kbdZqfsb bsbkq+

BimfnfZWh :lkpnfYrpflko

Lro cfopq bjmfof]Zi ]lkqof[rqflk fp fk ]lkar]qfkd Z qbk)vbZo ZkZivpfp lc lsbo 04(2--

Zoqf]ibp qeZq obcib]q qeb ]eZkdbp fk jbafZ ]lsboZdb Z[lrq cfojp Zka qeb ]lkqbkq ZkZivpfp lc lsbo

2(2-- mobpp obibZpbp Z[lrq cfoj Z]qflkp+ Mobsflrp obpbZo]e fk ]ofpfp Zka fjmobppflk jZkZdbjbkq

eZp [bbk iZodbiv nrZifqZqfsb Zka ]Zpb)[Zpba %b+d+( @llj[p( /--48 Bip[Z]e( /--0&( Zka fq eZp klq

bumif]fqiv qbpqba qeb fkqboabmbkabk]fbp qeZq l]]ro Zjlkd Zk fkarpqov bkdZdba fk tolkdalfkd( Z

cfoj—p Z]qflkp cliiltfkd fqp ltk lo fqp ]ljmbqfqlop— tolkdalfkd( Zka qeb jbafZ—p ]lsboZdb lc

qebpb avkZjf]p+ Ql lro hkltibadb( qefp fp qeb cfopq iZodb)p]Zib bjmfof]Zi fksbpqfdZqflk qeZq qbpqp

elt qeb cl]Zi cfoj—p Z]qflkp fkcirbk]b jbafZ ]lsboZdb lc tolkdalfkd Zka elt qefp fkcirbk]b

jZv sZov abmbkafkd lk qeb plro]b lc qeb tolkdalfkd+ = pb]lka bjmfof]Zi ]lkqof[rqflk lc lro

pqrav fp lro rpb lc cfojp— mobpp obibZpbp Zp Z plro]b lc Zkklrk]bjbkqp lc cfojp— Z]qflkp Zp tbii Zp

lro rpb lc [ildp Zp lkb lc qeb jbafZ plro]bp qeZq fkcirbk]bp Zka obcib]qp pl]fZi mbo]bmqflkp+

Tefib mobpp obibZpbp Ziiltba rp ql fksbpqfdZqb qeb fkqoZ)fkarpqov avkZjf]p [v l[pbosfkd

Zkklrk]ba Z]qflkp lc iZodb Zka pjZii cfojp Zifhb( lro rpb lc [ildp buqbkap mobsflrp obpbZo]e lk

05

fkcljbafZofbp qeZq cl]rpbp lkiv lk qeb mofkqba mobpp Zka Ziiltp rp ql l[qZfk Z jbZprob jlob

]ilpbiv obiZqba ql mbo]bmqflkp lc ]boqZfk pqZhbeliabo dolrmp %Gfk ! Ifr( /-.-&+

CfkZiiv( lro rpb lc ZasZk]ba ]lkqbkq ZkZivpfp qb]ekfnrbp ql ]lab Zccb]qfsb ]lkqbkq lc

Zoqf]ibp Zka [ild mlpqp ]lkqfkrbp ql buqbka ob]bkq lodZkfwZqflkZi obpbZo]e lk pl]fZi mbo]bmqflkp

jZkZdbjbkq qeZq ob]ldkfwbp qeb fjmloqZk]b lc qovfkd ql lmbk qeb …[iZ]h [lu– qeZq fp lcqbk

mobpbkq fk pqoZqbdv obpbZo]e %b+d+( McZoobo bq Zi+( /-.-8 Mliil]h ! OfkalsZ( /--08 Mliil]h bq Zi+(

/--58 Peloq bq Zi+( /-.-&+ Tb ob]ldkfwb qeb ]lZopb)doZfkba kZqrob lc lro cfoj)nrZoqbo

l[pbosZqflkp Zka qeb mlqbkqfZi ifjfqZqflkp lc lro ]ljmrqbo)Zfaba ]lafkd mol]bppbp( fk]irafkd qeb

afccf]riqv fk ob]qfcvfkd afpplkZkq abp]ofmqflkp tfqefk Z qbuq %]c+ IZjboqw ! ?Zrj( .6658 Mliil]h

bq Zi( /--5&+ Eltbsbo( ]lkqfkrlrp ZasZk]bp fk ]lkqbkq ZkZivpfp pelria mbojfq p]eliZop ql dZqebo

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sfliZqb pl]fbqZi klojp Zka qeZq ZqqoZ]q kbdZqfsb mobpp( Zka lro cfkafkdp jZv eZsb fjmif]Zqflkp

jlob [olZaiv ql ]lkqbuqp fk tef]e tolkdalfkd fp oZobo+ Qeb fkqboZ]qflk bccb]q [bqtbbk cl]Zi cfoj

Zka fkarpqov tolkdalfkd fk lro pqrav prddbpqp qeZq .& ilt ibsbip lc fkarpqov tolkdalfkd molsfab

Z ]lkqbuq clo jZufjrj mbkZiqfbp fk qeb jbafZ tebk Z cfoj sfliZqbp pl]fbqZi bumb]qZqflkp( [rq

efde ibsbip lc fkarpqov tolkdalfkd jZv molsfab Z pZcbqv kbq clo lccbkabop8 Zka /& cfojp qeZq al

klq bkdZdb fk tolkdalfkd kbsboqebibpp bumbofbk]b ab]ifkbp fk qeb qbklo lc jbafZ ]lsboZdb fc qeb

fkarpqov Zp Z telib eZp efde ibsbip lc tolkdalfkd+ Qerp( cfojp jZv tZkq ql tloh qldbqebo ql

jZfkqZfk iltbo ibsbip lc fkarpqov tolkdalfkd qeolrde efdebo pZcbqv Zka nrZifqv pqZkaZoap fk

loabo ql ifjfq kbdZqfsb jbafZ Zqqbkqflk Zka bumlprob ql obdriZqlop %]c+ McZoobo bq Zi+( /--5[&+

06

Qeb pb]lka moZ]qf]Zi fjmif]Zqflk lc lro cfkafkdp fp qeZq tebk Z cfoj lo fqp ]ljmbqfqlop

bkdZdb fk tolkdalfkd( jZkZdbop ]Zk rpb fkclojZqflk pr[pfafbp ql fkcirbk]b elt qeb cfoj fp

]lsboba fk qeb jbafZ+ Fc Z cfoj fqpbic ob]Ziip Z molar]q( jZkZdbop pelria [b ZtZob qeZq

Zkklrk]bjbkqp lc qb]ekf]Zi Z]qflkp Zob jlob ifhbiv ql obpqlob qeb mlpfqfsb qbklo lc jbafZ

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tolkdalfkd Zob efde Zka bpmb]fZiiv tebk qeb cl]Zi cfoj eZp klq bkdZdba fk tolkdalfkd(

Zkklrk]bjbkqp lc ]bobjlkfZi Z]qflkp Zob Z jlob bccb]qfsb pqoZqbdv qeZk Zkklrk]bjbkqp lc

qb]ekf]Zi Z]qflkp+ QZhbk qldbqebo( lro obpbZo]e cfkafkdp prddbpq qeZq …jZkZdfkd qeb jbppZdb– fp

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1-

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=[Zo[Zkbii( G+ P+( ! IbeZsv( O+ /--0+ ?fZpba clob]Zpqp lo [fZpba bZokfkdp; Qeb olib lc bZokfkdp jZkZdbjbkq fk bumiZfkfkd ZmmZobkq lmqfjfpj Zka fkbccf]fbk]v fk ZkZivpqp— bZokfkdp clob]Zpqp+ GlrokTi lc ,WWlrkqfkd Tka BWlkljfWp! /17 342)4/0+

=ejZagfZk( @+ I+( ! Ol[fkplk( M+ /--.+ PZcbqv fk krj[bop7 Altkpfwfkd Zka qeb abfkpqfqrqflkZifwZqflk lc mbojZkbkq bjmilvjbkq fk GZmZk+ ,ajfkfpqoTqfsb PWfbkWb NrToqboiv! 137 3//)321+

=fhbk( I+ P+( ! Tbpq( P+ D+ .66.+ Iriqfmib obdobppflk) Qbpqfkd Tka fkqbomobqfkd fkqboTWqflkp(QelrpZka LZhp( @=7 PZdb+

=isbpplk( J+ .66-+ LodZkfwZqflk ) colj pr[pqZk]b ql fjZdb+ LodTkfwTqflk Pqrafbp( ..7 040)061+

=obiiZkl( J+( ! ?lka( P+ .66.+ Pljb qbpqp lc pmb]fcf]Zqflk clo mZkbi aZqZ7 Jlkqb @Zoil bsfabk]b Zka Zk Zmmif]Zqflk ql bjmilvjbkq bnrZqflkp+ Obsfbt lc BWlkljfW Pqrafbp! 257 .66.+

=pecloqe( ?+ B+( ! Df[[p( ?+ T+ .66-+ Qeb alr[ib)badb lc lodZkfwZqflkZi ibdfqfjZqflk+ LodTkfwTqflk PWfbkWb( .7 .44).61+

?ZkaroZ( =+ /--.+ Pl]fZi ]ldkfqfsb qeblov lc jZpp ]ljjrkf]Zqflk+ IbafT MpvWelildv( 07 /32)/66+

?Zokbqq( J+ I+( ! ElccjZk( =+ G+ /--5+ ?bvlka ]lomloZqb obmrqZqflk7 JZkZdfkd obmrqZqflkZi fkqboabmbkabk]b+ :lomloTqb ObmrqTqflk Obsfbt! ..7 .)6+

?Zokbqq( J+ I+( ! Hfkd( =+ =+ /--5+ Dlla cbk]bp jZhb dlla kbfde[lop7 = ilkdfqrafkZi ZkZivpfp lc Zk fkarpqov pbic)obdriZqlov fkpqfqrqflk+ ,WTabjv lc ITkTdbjbkq GlrokTi( 2.7 ..2-)..4-+

?Zp]ib( D+ /--5+ @lkqoliifkd clo bkaldbkbfqv tfqe fkpqorjbkqZi sZofZ[ibp fk pqoZqbdf] jZkZdbjbkq obpbZo]e+ PqoTqbdfW LodTkfwTqflk! 37 /52)0/4+

?Zpabl( A+( Pjfqe( H+ D+( Dofjj( @+( OfkalsZ( S+ M+( ! Abocrp( M+ /--3+ Qeb fjmZ]q lc jZohbq Z]qflkp lk cfoj obmrqZqflk+ PqoTqbdfW ITkTdbjbkq GlrokTi! /47 ./-2)./.6+

?Zrjbfpqbo( O+ C+( ?oZqpiZsphv( B+( CfkhbkZrbo( @+( ! Slep( H+ A+ /--.+ ?Za fp pqolkdbo qeZk dlla+ Obsfbt lc DbkboTi MpvWelildv( 27 0/0)04-+

?bZjfpe( M+ T+( ! ?Zmrgf( E+ /--5+ Qlvp ob]Ziip Zka @efkZ7 Bjlqflkp sp+ bsfabk]b+ ITkTdbjbkq Tka LodTkfwTqflk Obsfbt! 17 .64)/-6+

?bklfq( T+ I+ .662+ ,WWlrkqp! buWrpbp! Tka Tmlildfbp) , qeblov lc fjTdb obpqloTqflk pqoTqbdfbp(=i[Zkv7 PqZqb Rkfsbopfqv lc Kbt Vloh Mobpp+

1.

?ofbc( =+ M+( ! Jlqltfail( P+ G+ .653+ Molpl]fZi lodZkfwZqflkZi [beZsflop+ ,WTabjv lc ITkTdbjbkq Obsfbt! ..7 4.-®4/2+

?oljfibv( M+( ! JZo]rp( =+ .656+ Qeb abqboobkq ql ar[flrp ]lomloZqb)[beZsflo ) molcfqZ[fifqv( mol[Z[fifqv Zka pZcbqv ob]Ziip+ PqoTqbdfW ITkTdbjbkq GlrokTi( .-7 /00)/2-+

?oltk( I+ /--.+ = qbjmloZi ZkZivpfp lc bZokfkdp promofpbp7 Molcfqp sboprp ilppbp+ GlrokTi lc ,WWlrkqfkd obpbToWe! 067 //.)/1.+

?rodllk( J+( Abkkfkd( S+ M+( ! Ol[boqp( I+ /--/+ IZkdrZdb bumb]qZk]v qeblov+ Fk Qeb mboprTpflk Ullh) Absbilmjbkqp fk qeblov Tka moTWqfWb( G+M+ AfiiZoa ! J+ McZr %Bap+&+ @eZmqbo 47 ..4).03+ QelrpZka LZhp( @=7 PZdb+

@Z]flmml( G+ Q+( ! DZoakbo( T+ I+ .666+ Bjlqflk+ ,kkrTi Obsfbt lc MpvWelildv( 2-7 .6.)/.1+

@Zoolii( @+ B+ /--6+ Qeb obiZqflkpefm [bqtbbk cfojp— jbafZ cZsloZ[fifqv Zka mr[if] bpqbbj+ MrUifW ObiTqflkp GlrokTi( 07 .)0/+

@Zoolii( @+ B+( ! J]@lj[p+ J+ /--0+ =dbkaZ)pbqqfkd bccb]qp lc [rpfkbpp kbtp lk qeb mr[if]—p fjZdbp Zka lmfkflkp Z[lrq jZglo ]lomloZqflkp+ :lomloTqb ObmrqTqflk Obsfbt! 37 03)13+

@eZfhbk( P+( If[bojZk( =+( ! BZdibv( =+ E+ .656+ Ebrofpqf] Zka pvpqbjZqf] fkclojZqflk mol]bppfkd tfqefk Zka [bvlka qeb mboprZpflk ]lkqbuq+ Fk G+ P+ RibjZk ! G+ =+ ?Zode %Bap+&( Rkfkqbkaba qelrdeq7 /./)/2/+ Kbt Vloh7 Drficloa Mobpp+

@eZqqbogbb( P+( ! Mof]b( ?+ .66.+ Obdobppflk TkTivpfp Uv buTjmib! %/ka ba+&+ Kbt Vloh7 Tfibv+

@ebk( @+ @+( ! Jbfkai( G+O+ .66.+ Qeb ]lkpqor]qflk lc ibZabopefm fjZdbp fk qeb mlmriZo mobpp7 Qeb ]Zpb lc AlkZia ?roo Zka Mblmib Bumobpp+ ,ajfkfpqoTqfsb PWfbkWb NrToqboiv! 037 2/.)22.+

@llj[p( T+ Q+ .662+ @ellpfkd qeb ofdeq tloap7 Qeb absbilmjbkq lc drfabifkbp clo qeb pbib]qflk lc qeb …ZmmolmofZqb– ]ofpfp)obpmlkpb pqoZqbdfbp+ ITkTdbjbkq :ljjrkfWTqflk NrToqboiv!57 114® 143+

@llj[p( T+ Q+ /--4+ Molqb]qfkd lodZkfwZqflk obmrqZqflkp arofkd Z ]ofpfp7 Qeb absbilmjbkq Zka Zmmif]Zqflk lc pfqrZqflkZi ]ofpfp ]ljjrkf]Zqflk qeblov+ :lomloTqb ObmrqTqflk Obsfbt!.-7 .30).43+

AZoo( B+ A+( =odlqb( I+( ! Bmmib( A+ .662+ Qeb Z]nrfpfqflk( qoZkpcbo( Zka abmob]fZqflk lc hkltibadb fk pbosf]b lodZkfwZqflkp7 Molar]qfsfqv fk coZk]efpbp+ ITkTdbjbkq PWfbkWb! 1.7

.42-).43/+

Abbmelrpb( A+ I+ /---+ JbafZ obmrqZqflk Zp Z pqoZqbdf] obplro]b7 =k fkqbdoZqflk lc jZpp ]ljjrkf]Zqflk Zka obplro]b)[Zpba qeblofbp+ GlrokTi lc ITkTdbjbkq! /37 .-6.).../+

1/

Abbmelrpb( A+ I+( ! @Zoqbo( P+ J+ /--2+ =k buZjfkZqflk lc afccbobk]bp [bqtbbk lodZkfwZqflkZi ibdfqfjZ]v Zka lodZkfwZqflkZi obmrqZqflk+ GlrokTi lc ITkTdbjbkq Pqrafbp! 1/7 0/6)03-+

Abbmelrpb( A+I+( ! Ebrdbkp( M+ M+ J+ =+ O+( /--6+ Ifkhfkd pl]fZi fpprbp ql lodZkfwZqflkZi fjmZ]q7 Qeb olib lc fkcljbafZofbp Zka qeb fkcljbafZov mol]bpp+ GlrokTi lc .rpfkbpp BqefWp! 537 21.)220+

AbpZf( S+ J+ /-..+ JZpp jbafZ Zka jZppfsb cZfirobp7 Abqbojfkfkd lodZkfwZqflkZibccloqp ql abcbka qeb cfbia—p ibdfqfjZ]v cliiltfkd ]ofpbp+ ,WTabjv lc ITkTdbjbkq GlrokTi! cloqe]ljfkd+

Arhbof]e( G+ J+( ! @Zoqbo( P+ J+ /---+ Afpqloqba fjZdbp Zka obmrqZqflk obmZfo+– Fk J+ P]eriqw( J+ G+ EZq]e( ! J+E+ IZopbk %Bap+&( Bumobppfsb lodTkfwTqflk) Hfkhfkd fabkqfqv! obmrqTqflk Tka qeb WlomloTqb UoTka) 64)../+ Lucloa7 Lucloa Rkfsbopfqv Mobpp+

ArofZr( S+ G+( Obdbo( O+ H+( ! McZoobo( J+ A+ /--4+ = ]lkqbkq ZkZivpfp lc qeb ]lkqbkq ZkZivpfp ifqboZqrob fk lodZkfwZqflk pqrafbp7 ObpbZo]e qebjbp( aZqZ plro]bp( Zka jbqelalildf]Zi obcfkbjbkqp+ LodTkfwTqflkTi ObpbToWe Ibqelap! .-7 2)01+

Bfktfiibo( P+ =+( @Zoolii( @+ B+( ! Hlok( H+ /-.-+ Rkabo teZq ]lkafqflkp al qeb kbtp jbafZ fkcirbk]b ]lomloZqb obmrqZqflk; Qeb olibp lc jbafZ abmbkabk]v Zka kbba clo lofbkqZqflk+ :lomloTqb ObmrqTqflk Obsfbt! ./7 /66)0.2+

Bip[Z]e( H+ A+.661+ JZkZdfkd lodZkfwZqflkZi ibdfqfjZ]v fk qeb @ZifclokfZ ]Zqqib fkarpqov7 Qeb ]lkpqor]qflk Zka bccb]qfsbkbpp lc sbo[Zi Z]]lrkqp+ ,ajfkfpqoTqfsb PWfbkWb NrToqboiv! 067 24)55+

Bip[Z]e( H+ A+ /--0+ LodZkfwZqflkZi mbo]bmqflk jZkZdbjbkq+ ObpbToWe fk LodTkfwTqflkTi .beTsflo! /27 /64®00/+

Bip[Z]e( H+ A+( ! HoZjbo( O+ J+ .663+ Jbj[bop" obpmlkpbp ql lodZkfwZqflkZi fabkqfqv qeobZqp7 Bk]lrkqbofkd Zka ]lrkqbofkd qeb [rpfkbpp tbbh oZkhfkdp+ ,ajfkfpqoTqfsb PWfbkWb NrToqboiv( 1.7 11/)143+

Bip[Z]e( H+ A+( ! Prqqlk( O+ F+ .66/+ =]nrfofkd lodZkfwZqflkZi ibdfqfjZ]v qeolrde fiibdfqfjZqb Z]qflkp ) Z jZoofZdb lc fkpqfqrqflkZi Zka fjmobppflk jZkZdbjbkq qeblofbp+ ,WTabjv lc ITkTdbjbkq GlrokTi( 027 366)405+

Bip[Z]e( H+ A+( Prqqlk( O+ F+( ! Mofk]fmb( H+ B+ .665+ =sboqfkd bumb]qba ]eZiibkdbp qeolrde Zkqf]fmZqlov fjmobppflk jZkZdbjbkq7 = pqrav lc elpmfqZi [fiifkd+ LodTkfwTqflk PWfbkWb( 67 35)53+

BkqjZk( O+ J+ /--4+ CoZjfkd [fZp7 JbafZ fk qeb afpqof[rqflk lc mltbo+ GlrokTi lc :ljjrkfWTqflk( 247 .30).40+

Bmpqbfk( P+ .661+ FkqbdoZqflk lc qeb ]ldkfqfsb Zka qeb mpv]elavkZjf] rk]lkp]flrp+ ,jbofWTk

10

MpvWelildfpq( 167 4-6)4/1+

Cbpqfkdbo( I+ .624+ , qeblov lc Wldkfqfsb afpplkTkWb( PqZkcloa( @=7 PqZkcloa Rkfsbopfqv Mobpp+

Cfphb( P+ Q+( ! QZvilo( P+ B+ /--5+ PlWfTi Wldkfqflk( Colj UoTfkp ql Wriqrob( Kbt Vloh7 J]DoZt)Efii+

Cilva( H+( OZjfobw( Go+( =+( ! ?rodllk( G+ H+ .666+ Bumb]qZk]v sfliZqflkp qeblov+ Fk I+ H+ Drboobol( G+ =+ AbSfql( ! J+ I+ Eb]eq %Bap+&( Qeb klksboUTi WljjrkfWTqflk obTabo) :iTppfW Tka WlkqbjmloTov obTafkdp %/ka ba+&7 104)111+ Molpmb]q Ebfdeqp( FI7 TZhbiZka Mobpp+

Clj[ork( @+ G+ .663+ ObmrqTqflk) ObTifwfkd sTirb colj qeb WlomloTqb fjTdb( ?lpqlk7 EZosZoa ?rpfkbpp P]elli Mobpp+

Clj[ork( @+ G+( ! PeZkibv( J+ .66-+ TeZq—p fk Z kZjb; ObmrqZqflk [rfiafkd Zka ]lomloZqb pqoZqbdv+ ,WTabjv lc ITkTdbjbkq GlrokTi! 007 /00)/23+

ClodZp( G+ M+ .662+ Jlla Zka gradjbkq7 Qeb Zccb]q fkcrpflk jlabi %=FJ&+ MpvWelildfWTi .riibqfk! ..47 06)33+

CobbajZk( P+( HbZokbv( J+( ! IbabojZk( J+ /-..+ Molar]q ob]Ziip( fjmbocb]q fkclojZqflk( Zka pmfiilsbo bccb]qp7 Ibpplkp colj qeb ]lkprjbo obpmlkpb ql qeb /--4 qlv ob]Ziip+ Obsfbt lc BWlkljfWp Tka PqTqfpqfWp! cloqe]ljfkd+

Dlacobv( M+ @+( Jboofii( @+ ?+( ! EZkpbk( G+ J+ /--6+ FkpqfqrqflkZi pqZhbeliabop Zka qeb fkproZk]b sZirb lc @PO+ Qeb obiZqflkpefm [bqtbbk @lomloZqb Pl]fZi Obpmlkpf[fifqv Zka peZobeliabo sZirb7 =k bjmfof]Zi qbpq lc qeb ofph jZkZdbjbkq evmlqebpfp+ PqoTqbdfW ITkTdbjbkq GlrokTi! 0-7 1/2)112+

Dobfcbkbabo( O+( ?ibpp( E+( ! MeZj( J+ Q+ /-.-+ Tebk al mblmib obiv lk Zccb]qfsb Zka ]ldkfqfsb cbbifkdp fk gradjbkq; = obsfbt+ MboplkTifqv Tka PlWfTi MpvWelildv Obsfbt! cloqe]ljfkd+

Dobsb( E+ O+( MZijbo( A+( ! Mlwkbo( G+ B+ /-.-+ LodZkfwZqflkp dlkb tfia7 Qeb ]Zrpbp( mol]bppbp( Zka ]lkpbnrbk]bp lc lodZkfwZqflkZi jfp]lkar]q+ ,WTabjv lc ITkTdbjbkq ,kkTip( 17 20).-4+

EZiZ[v( @+ K+ /--1+ MZkbi jlabip fk pl]flildf]Zi obpbZo]e7 Qeblov fkql moZ]qf]b+ ,kkrTi Obsfbt lc PlWflildv! 0-7 2-4)211+

EZjfiqlk( ?+ E+( ! Kf]hboplk( G+ =+ /--0+ @loob]qfkd clo bkaldbkbfqv fk pqoZqbdf] jZkZdbjbkq obpbZo]e+ PqoTqbdfW LodTkfwTqflk, .7 2.)45+

EZkkZk( Q+( ! CobbjZk( G+ .651+ Pqor]qroZi fkboqfZ Zka lodZkfwZqflkZi ]eZkdb+ ,jbofWTk PlWflildfWTi Obsfbt! 167 .16).31+

11

EZpqfb( O+( ! AZtbp( O+ J+ /--.+ OTqflkTi WelfWb fk Tk rkWboqTfk tloia( Qeb mpvWelildv lc gradjbkq Tka abWfpflk jThfkd( QelrpZka LZhp( @=7 PZdb Mr[if]Zqflkp( Fk]+

Elbqhbo( D+ /--4+ Qeb rpb lc ildfq Zka mol[fq jlabip fk pqoZqbdf] jZkZdbjbkq obpbZo]e7 @ofqf]Zi fpprbp+ PqoTqbdfW ITkTdbjbkq GlrokTi! /57 00.)010+

Elrpbo( A+( ! Tllabop( G+ /--3+ ObmrqZqflk fk Zr]qflkp7 Qeblov( Zka bsfabk]b colj b?Zv+ GlrokTi lc BWlkljfWp Tka ITkTdbjbkq PqoTqbdv! .27 020)036+

GZkfp( F+ I+( ! CZakbo( O+ E+ .610+ = ]lbccf]fbkq lc fj[ZiZk]b clo ]lkqbkq ZkZivpfp+ MpvWeljbqofhT( 5%/&7 .-2)..6+

Gbkpbk( J+ /--3+ Pelria tb pqZv lo pelria tb dl; =]]lrkqZ[fifqv( pqZqrp Zkufbqv( Zka ]ifbkq abcb]qflkp+ ,ajfkfpqoTqfsb PWfbkWb NrToqboiv! 2.7 64®./5+

Gfk( V+( ! Ifr( ?+ C+ /-.-+ Qeb [ild)jbafZqba ]ofpfp ]ljjrkf]Zqflk jlabi7 Ob]ljjbkaZqflkp clo obpmlkafkd ql fkcirbkqfZi buqbokZi [ildp+ GlrokTi lc MrUifW ObiTqflkp ObpbToWe! //7 1/6)122+

Glekplk( J+ B+ /--.+ IbZokfkd colj qlvp7 Ibpplkp fk jZkZdfkd prmmiv ]eZfk ofph colj qeb qlv fkarpqov+ :TifclokfT ITkTdbjbkq Obsfbt( 107 .-3)./1+

Glkbp( B+ B+( ! J]Dfiifp( A+ .643+ @loobpmlkabkq fkcbobk]bp Zka qeb Zqqof[rqflk ]r[b7 = ]ljmZoZqfsb obZmmoZfpZi+ Fk G+E+ F]hbp( Zka O+C+ Hfaa %Bap+&( Jbt afobWqflkp fk TqqofUrqflk obpbToWe! .7 056)1/-+ EfiipaZib( KG7 Boi[Zrj+

Glkpplk( P+( Dobsb( E+ O+( ! CrgftZoZ)Dobsb( Q+ /--6+ Rkabpbosba ilpp7 Qeb pmobZa lc ibdfqfjZ]v ilpp ql fkkl]bkq lodZkfwZqflkp fk obpmlkpb ql obmloqba ]lomloZqb absfZk]b+ ,ajfkfpqoTqfsb PWfbkWb NrToqboiv( 217 .62)//5+

HZkd( B+ /--5+ Afob]qlo fkqboil]hp Zka pmfiilsbo bccb]qp lc obmrqZqflkZi mbkZiqfbp colj cfkZk]fZi obmloqfkd coZra+ ,WTabjv lc ITkTdbjbkq GlrokTi! 2.7 204)222+

Hbkkbav( J+Q+ /--5+ Dbqqfkd ]lrkqba7 JZohbqp( jbafZ( Zka obZifqv+ ,jbofWTk PlWflildfWTi Obsfbt! 407 /4-)/62+

Hfop]e( A+( DliacZo[( ?+( ! DboZ( =+ /--6+ Cloj lo pr[pqZk]b7 Qeb olib lc [rpfkbpp miZkp fk sbkqrob ]ZmfqZi ab]fpflk jZhfkd+ PqoTqbdfW ITkTdbjbkq GlrokTi( 0-%2&7 154)2.2+

HlpqlsZ( Q+( ! WZebbo( P+ .666+ LodZkfwZqflkZi ibdfqfjZ]v rkabo ]lkafqflkp lc ]ljmibufqv7 Qeb ]Zpb lc qeb jriqfkZqflkZi bkqbomofpb+ ,WTabjv lc ITkTdbjbkq Obsfbt( /17 31)5.+

Hofmmbkalocc( H+ /--1+ :lkqbkq ,kTivpfp) ,k fkqolarWqflk ql fqp jbqelalildv( %/ka ba+&+ QelrpZka LZhp( @=7 PZdb+

12

HofpekZk( O+( JZoqfk( U+( ! KlloaboeZsbk( K+ D+ /--3+ Tebk albp qorpq jZqqbo ql ZiifZk]b mboclojZk]b; ,WTabjv lc ITkTdbjbkq GlrokTi! 167 561)6.4+

IZjboqw( H+( ! ?Zrj( G+ =+ @+ .665+ Qeb ibdfqfjZ]v lc lodZkfwZqflkZi altkpfwfkd fk @ZkZaZ7 =k ZkZivpfp lc bumiZkZqlov jbafZ Z]]lrkqp+ :TkTafTk GlrokTi lc ,ajfkfpqoTqfsb PWfbkWbp,.27 60).-4+

IZkdb( A+( Ibb( M+ J+( ! AZf( V+ /-..+ LodZkfwZqflkZi obmrqZqflk7 = obsfbt+ GlrokTi lc ITkTdbjbkq( 047 .20).51+

Ifkdib( G+ E+( DbsZ( K+( Lpqolj( Q+ J+( Ibfmmb( J+ O+( ! ?ZrjdZoakbo( J+E+ .646+ QebjZqf] bccb]qp lc mboplk gradjbkqp lk fjmobppflk lodZkfwZqflk+ GlrokTi lc MboplkTifqv Tka PlWfTi MpvWelildv( 047 341)354+

Ilsb( B+ D+( ! HoZZqw( J+ /--6+ @eZoZ]qbo( ]lkclojfqv( lo qeb [lqqlj ifkb; Elt Zka tev altkpfwfkd Zccb]qba ]lomloZqb obmrqZqflk+ ,WTabjv lc ITkTdbjbkq GlrokTi! 2/7 0.1)002+

Irl( V+ /--5+ = pqoZqbdf] ZkZivpfp lc molar]q ob]Ziip7 Qeb olib lc jloZi abdoZaZqflk Zka lodZkfwZqflkZi ]lkqoli+ ITkTdbjbkq Tka LodTkfwTqflk Obsfbt! 17 .50).63+

Ivlk( Q+M+( ! JZutbii( G+T+ /-..+ DobbktZpe7 @lomloZqb bksfolkjbkqZi afp]ilprob rkabo qeobZq lc Zrafq+ GlrokTi lc BWlkljfWp Tka ITkTdbjbkq PqoTqbdv! /-7 0)1.+

JZo]rp( =+ =+( ! DllajZk( O+ P+ .66.+ Sf]qfjp Zka peZobeliabop7 Qeb afibjjZp lc mobpbkqfkd ]lomloZqb mlif]v arofkd Z ]ofpfp+ ,WTabjv lc ITkTdbjbkq GlrokTi! .17 /5.)0-2+

JZoqfkp( I+ I+ /--2+ = jlabi lc qeb bccb]qp lc obmrqZqflkZi oZkhfkdp lk lodZkfwZqflkZi ]eZkdb+ LodTkfwTqflk PWfbkWb! .37 4-.)4/-+

J]@Zoqev( G+ A+( J]MeZfi( @+( ! Pjfqe( G+ .663+ FjZdbp lc molqbpq7 Afjbkpflkp lc pbib]qflk [fZp fk jbafZ ]lsboZdb lc TZpefkdqlk abjlkpqoZqflkp( .65/ Zka .66.+ ,jbofWTk PlWflildfWTi Obsfbt( 3.7 145)166+

J]@lj[p( J+ B+ .65.+ Qeb ZdbkaZ pbqqfkd ZmmolZ]e+ Fk A+ Kfjjl ! H+ O+ PZkabop %Bap+&(ETkaUllh lc mlifqfWTi WljjrkfWTqflk) ./.®.1-+ Kbt[rov MZoh( @=7 PZdb+

J]@lj[p( J+( IiZjZp( G+ M+( Ilmbw)Bp]l[Zo( B+( ! Obv( C+ .664+ @ZkafaZqb fjZdbp fk pmb]fZi bib]qflkp7 Pb]lka)ibsbi ZdbkaZ pbqqfkd bccb]qp+ GlrokTifpj Tka ITpp :ljjrkfWTqflk NrToqboiv! 417 4-0®4.4+

J]@lj[p( J+( ! PeZt( A+ .64/+ Qeb ZdbkaZ)pbqqfkd crk]qflk lc jZpp jbafZ+ MrUifW Lmfkflk NrToqboiv( 037 .43 ®.54+

Jbo]bo( J+ /--2+ Qeb cibbqfkd bccb]qp lc afp]ilprob cloqe]ljfkdkbpp lk jZkZdbjbkq—p obmloqfkd ]obaf[fifqv+ ,WWlrkqfkd Obsfbt! 5-74/0)411+

13

JbpnrfqZ( I+ C+( ! ?orpe( Q+ E+ /--5+ RkqZkdifkd pZcbdrZoa Zka molar]qflk ]lloafkZqflk bccb]qp fk ilkd)qboj [rvbo)prmmifbo obiZqflkpefmp+ ,WTabjv lc ITkTdbjbkq GlrokTi! 2.7 452®5-4+

JfpefkZ( V+( ?il]h( B+ P+( ! JZkklo( J+ G+ /-..+ Qeb mZqe abmbkabk]b lc lodZkfwZqflkZi obmrqZqflk7 Elt pl]fZi gradjbkq fkcirbk]bp Zppbppjbkqp lc ]ZmZ[fifqv Zka ]eZoZ]qbo+ PqoTqbdfW ITkTdbjbkq GlrokTi! cloqe]ljfkd+

JfpefkZ( V+( Avhbp( ?+ G+( ?il]h( B+ P+( ! Mliil]h( Q+ D+ /-.-+ Tev "dlla" cfojp al [Za qefkdp7 Qeb bccb]qp lc efde ZpmfoZqflkp( efde bumb]qZqflkp( Zka moljfkbk]b lk qeb fk]fabk]b lc ]lomloZqb fiibdZifqv+ ,WTabjv lc ITkTdbjbkq GlrokTi( 207 4-.)4//+

Jloofplk( B+ T+( ! Ol[fkplk( P+ I+ .664+ Tebk bjmilvbbp cbbi [bqoZvba7 = jlabi lc elt mpv]elildf]Zi ]lkqoZ]q sfliZqflk absbilmp+ ,WTabjv lc ITkTdbjbkq Obsfbt( //7 //3)/23+

KbZo( G+ M+( Obed( J+ Q+( SZk P]lqqbo( G+ O+( ! Jf]bif( J+ M+ /--1+ Albp qvmb lc tolkdalfkd Zccb]q qeb tefpqib)[iltfkd mol]bpp; .rpfkbpp BqefWp NrToqboiv( .17 /.6)/1/+

MZoar]]f( =+ .635+ Qeb obiZqfsfpj lc Z[plirqb gradjbkqp+ PWfbkqfcfW ,jbofWTk! /.67 51)6-+

Mbkkb[Zhbo( G+ T+( ?llqe( O+ G+( ! CoZk]fp( J+ B+ /--4+ HfkdrfpqfW fknrfov Tka tloa Wlrkq (HFS: ) , Wljmrqbofwba qbuq TkTivpfp moldoTj( =rpqfk( QU7 IFT@+kbq

Mbwwl( P+ M+( Mbwwl( J+ S+( ! Pqlkb( B+ O+ /--3+ Qeb pl]fZi fjmif]Zqflkp lc miZkkfkd7 Elt mr[if] mobaf]qflkp [fZp crqrob miZkp+ GlrokTi lc BumbofjbkqTi PlWfTi MpvWelildv( 1/7 //.)//4+

McZoobo( J+ A+( Ab@biibp( H+ =+( Pjfqe( H+ D+( ! QZvilo( J+ P+ /--5+ =cqbo qeb cZii7 ObfkqbdoZqfkd qeb ]loormq lodZkfwZqflk+ ,WTabjv lc ITkTdbjbkq Obsfbt! 007 40-)416+

McZoobo( J+ A+( Pjfqe( H+ D+( ?Zoqli( H+ J+( HeZkfk( A+ J+( ! WeZkd( U+ /--5+ @ljfkd clotZoa7 Qeb bccb]qp lc pl]fZi Zka obdriZqlov clo]bp lk qeb slirkqZov obpqZqbjbkq lc bZokfkdp pr[pbnrbkq ql tolkdalfkd+ LodTkfwTqflk PWfbkWb! .67 053)1-0+

McZoobo( J+ A+( Mliil]h( Q+ D+( ! OfkalsZ( S+ M+ /-.-+ = qZib lc qtl Zppbqp7 Qeb bccb]qp lc cfoj obmrqZqflk Zka bZokfkdp promofpbp lk fksbpqlop— obZ]qflkp+ ,WTabjv lc ITkTdbjbkq GlrokTi, 207 ..0.)..2/+

MiZkZim( P+( ! Cfqkbpp( G+ .666+ Qefkhfkd,cbbifkd Z[lrq pl]fZi Zka mboplkZi obiZqflkpefmp+ GlrokTi lc PlWfTi Tka MboplkTi ObiTqflkpefmp( .37 40.)42-+

Mliil]h( Q+ D+( ! OfkalsZ( S+ M+ /--0+ JbafZ ibdfqfjZqflk bccb]qp fk qeb jZohbq clo fkfqfZi mr[if] lccbofkdp+ ,WTabjv lc ITkTdbjbkq GlrokTi, 137 30.)31/+

14

Mliil]h( Q+ D+( OfkalsZ( S+ M+( ! JZddfqqf( M+ D+ /--5+ JZohbq tZq]e7 FkclojZqflk Zka ZsZfiZ[fifqv ]Zp]Zabp Zjlkd qeb jbafZ Zka fksbpqlop fk qeb RP FML jZohbq+ ,WTabjv lc ITkTdbjbkq GlrokTi! 2.7 002)025+

MloZ]( G+ C+( ! QeljZp( E+ .66-+ QZulkljf] jbkqZi jlabip fk ]ljmbqfqlo abcfkfqflk+ ,WTabjv lc ITkTdbjbkq Obsfbt( .27 //1)/1-+

OZkdb( I+J+( Jbkveboq( =+( TZipe( J+I+( EZoafk( H+K+( Biifp( G+?+( @oZaaf]h( O+ .66.+ Ibqqbop lc ob]ljjbkaZqflk7 Mbopmb]qfsbp( ob]ljjbkaZqflkp( Zka bqef]p+ MolcbppflkTi MpvWelildv) ObpbToWe Tka MoTWqfWb! //7 056)06/+

OZl( E+ .661+ Qeb pl]fZi ]lkpqor]qflk lc obmrqZqflk7 @boqfcf]Zqflk ]lkqbpqp( ibdfqfjZqflk( Zka qeb prosfsZi lc lodZkfwZqflkp fk qeb =jbof]Zk Zrqljl[fib fkarpqov7 .562).6./+ PqoTqbdfW ITkTdbjbkq GlrokTi, .27 /6)11+

Obdbo( O+ H+( ! MZijbo( Q+ ?+ .663+ JZkZdbofZi ]ZqbdlofwZqflk lc ]ljmbqfqlop7 Rpfkd lia jZmp ql kZsfdZqb kbt bksfolkjbkqp+ LodTkfwTqflk PWfbkWb! 47 //)06+

Oebb( J+( ! EZrkp]efia( M+ O+ /--3+ Qeb ifZ[fifqv lc dlla obmrqZqflk7 = pqrav lc molar]q ob]Ziip fk qeb R+P+ Zrqljl[fib fkarpqov+ LodTkfwTqflk PWfbkWb! .47 .-.)..4+

Of]ebv( J+ E+( Hlbkfdp( O+ G+( Of]ebv( E+ T+( ! Cloqfk( O+ .642+ KbdZqfsb pZifbk]b fk fjmobppflkp lc ]eZoZ]qbo7 Bccb]qp lc rkbnrZi molmloqflkp lc mlpfqfsb Zka kbdZqfsb fkclojZqflk+ GlrokTi lc PlWfTi MpvWelildv( 647 /00)/1.+

OfkalsZ( S+ M+( Mliil]h( Q+ D+( ! EZvtZoa( J+ I+ =+ /--3+ @bib[ofqv cfojp7 Qeb pl]fZi ]lkpqor]qflk lc jZohbq mlmriZofqv+ ,WTabjv lc ITkTdbjbkq Obsfbt, 0.7 2-)4.+

Oldbop( B+ J+( AbZofkd( G+ T+( ! ?obdjZk( A+ .660+ Qeb ZkZqljv lc ZdbkaZ)pbqqfkd obpbZo]e+ GlrokTi lc :ljjrkfWTqflk( 107 35)51+

PZiZk]fh( D+ O+( ! Jbfkai( G+ O+ .651+ @lomloZqb Zqqof[rqflkp Zp pqoZqbdf] fiirpflkp lc jZkZdbjbkq ]lkqoli+ ,ajfkfpqoTqfsb PWfbkWb NrToqboiv! /67 /05)/21+

P]ebrcbib( A+ =+ .666+ CoZjfkd Zp Z qeblov lc jbafZ bccb]qp+ GlrokTi lc :ljjrkfWTqflk( 167 .-0).//+

P]lqq( T+ O+ .662+ Fkpqfqrqflkp Tka lodTkfwTqflkp+ QelrpZka LZhp( @=7 PZdb+

P]lqq( T+ O+ /--0+ LodTkfwTqflkp) OTqflkTi! kTqroTi! Tka lmbk pvpqbjp! Rmmbo PZaaib Ofsbo( KG7 Mobkqf]b EZii+

PbjZabkf( J+( @ZkkbiiZ( =+ =+( CoZpbo( A+ O+( ! Ibb( A+ P+ /--5+ Cfdeq lo cifdeq7 JZkZdfkd pqfdjZ fk bub]rqfsb ]Zobbop+ PqoTqbdfW ITkTdbjbkq GlrokTi( /67 224)234+

15

Peloq( G+ @+( ?ol[bod( G+ @+( @ldifpbo( @+ @+( ! ?ofdeZj( H+ E+ /-.-+ @lkpqor]q sZifaZqflk rpfkd ]ljmrqbo)Zfaba qbuq ZkZivpfp %@=Q=&7 =k fiirpqoZqflk rpfkd bkqobmobkbrofZi lofbkqZqflk+ LodTkfwTqflkTi ObpbToWe Ibqelap! .07 0/-)014+

Pfphfka( D+ .633+ Jfkb bvbp eZsb pbbk Z elpq lc Zkdbip+ ,jbofWTk MpvWelildfpq! /.7 5-1)5-3+

Phfkkbo( A+( ! PilZk( O+ /--/+ BZokfkdp promofpbp( doltqe bumb]qZqflkp( Zka pql]h obqrokp lo alk"q ibq Zk bZokfkdp qlombal pfkh vlro mloqclifl+ Obsfbt lc ,WWlrkqfkd Pqrafbp! 47 /56)0./+

Phltolkphf( G+( ! @Zoipqlk( A+ .654+ Pl]fZi gradjbkq Zka pl]fZi jbjlov7 Qeb olib lc ]rb afZdklpqf]fqv fk kbdZqfsfqv( mlpfqfsfqv( Zka buqobjfqv [fZpbp+ GlrokTi lc MboplkTifqv Tka PlWfTi MpvWelildv! 2/7 356)366+

Phltolkphf( G+ G+( ! @Zoipqlk( A+ B+ .656+ KbdZqfsfqv Zka buqobjfqv [fZpbp fk fjmobppflk clojZqflk7 = obsfbt lc bumiZkZqflkp+ MpvWelildfWTi .riibqfk! .-27 .0.).1/+

Pjfqe( H+ D+( Dofjj( @+( DZkklk( J+( ! @ebk( J+G+ .66.+ LodZkfwZqflkZi fkclojZqflk mol]bppfkd( ]ljmbqfqfsb obpmlkpbp Zka mboclojZk]b fk qeb R+P+ aljbpqf] Zfoifkb fkarpqov+ ,WTabjv lc ITkTdbjbkq GlrokTi! 017 3-)52+

Pr]ejZk( J+ @+ .662+ JZkZdfkd ibdfqfjZ]v7 PqoZqbdf] Zka fkpqfqrqflkZi ZmmolZ]ebp+ ,WTabjv lc ITkTdbjbkq Obsfbt( /-7 24.)3.-+

PriifsZk( ?+ K+( EZrkp]efia( M+( ! MZdb( H+ /--4+ LodZkfwZqflkp klk doZqZb; Qeb fjmZ]q lc rkbqef]Zi ]lomloZqb Z]qp lk fkqbolodZkfwZqflkZi kbqtlohp+ LodTkfwTqflk PWfbkWb! .57 22)4-+

Prqqlk( O+ F+( ! DZirkf]( A+ @+ .663+ @lkpbnrbk]bp lc mr[if] p]orqfkv clo ibZabop Zka qebfo lodZkfwZqflkp+ Fk ?+J+ PqZt Zka I+I+ @rjjfkdp %Bap+&( ObpbToWe fk lodTkfwTqflkTi UbeTsflo) /-.)/2-+ Dobbktf]e( @Q7 G=F Mobpp+

QZvilo( P+ B+ .66.+ =pvjjbqof]Zi bccb]qp lc mlpfqfsb Zka kbdZqfsb bsbkqp7 Qeb jl[fifwZqflk)jfkfjfwZqflk evmlqebpfp+ MpvWelildfWTi .riibqfk! ..-7 34)52+

Qbqil]h( M+ @+( PZZo)Qpb]eZkphv( J+( ! JZ]phZppv( P+ /--5+ Jlob qeZk tloap7 NrZkqfcvfkd iZkdrZdb ql jbZprob cfojp— crkaZjbkqZip+ GlrokTi lc CfkTkWb! 307 .104).134+

Qeljmplk( G+ A+ .634+ LodTkfwTqflkp fk ,Wqflk) PlWfTi PWfbkWb .Tpbp lc ,ajfkfpqoTqflk Qeblov( Kbt Vloh7 J]DoZt)Efii+

Qlkd( Q+ T+( Obrbo( G+ G+( ! Mbkd( J+ T+ /--5+ FkqbokZqflkZi glfkq sbkqrobp Zka qeb sZirb lc doltqe lmqflkp+ ,WTabjv lc ITkTdbjbkq GlrokTi( 2.7 .-.1®.-/6+

TZab( G+ ?+( MloZ]( G+ C+( Mliil]h( Q+ D+( ! DoZccfk( P+ A+ /--3+ Qeb [roabk lc ]bib[ofqv7 Qeb fjmZ]q lc @BL ]boqfcf]Zqflk ]lkqbpqp lk @BL mZv Zka mboclojZk]b+ ,WTabjv lc

16

ITkTdbjbkq GlrokTi( 167 310)33-+

TZoqf]h( P+ I+ .66/+ Qeb obiZqflkpefm [bqtbbk fkqbkpb jbafZ bumlprob Zka ]eZkdb fk ]lomloZqb obmrqZqflk+ .rpfkbpp Tka PlWfbqv( 0.7 00)16+

TbpqmeZi( G+ A+( ! ?bakZo( J+ H+ /--5+ Qeb mZ]fcf]Zqflk lc fkpqfqrqflkZi fksbpqlop+ ,ajfkfpqoTqfsb PWfbkWb NrToqboiv( 207 /6)4/+

TbpqmeZi( G+ A+( ! Abbmelrpb( A+ I+ /-..+ =slfafkd [Za mobpp7 FkqbomboplkZi fkcirbk]b fk obiZqflkp [bqtbbk @BLp Zka glrokZifpqp Zka qeb ]lkpbnrbk]bp clo mobpp obmloqfkd Z[lrq cfojp Zka qebfo ibZabopefm+ LodTkfwTqflk PWfbkWb( cloqe]ljfkd+

TbpqmeZi( G+ A+( ! WZgZ]( B+ G+ .665+ Qeb pvj[lif] jZkZdbjbkq lc pql]heliabop7 @lomloZqb dlsbokZk]b obclojp Zka peZobeliabo obZ]qflkp+ ,ajfkfpqoTqfsb PWfbkWb NrToqboiv! 107 ./4).20+

Vr( Q+( Pbkdri( J+( ! Ibpqbo( O+ E+ /--5+ Jfpbov ilsbp ]ljmZkv7 Qeb pmobZa lc kbdZqfsb fjmZ]qp obpriqfkd colj Zk lodZkfwZqflkZi ]ofpfp+ ,WTabjv lc ITkTdbjbkq Obsfbt! 007 12/)14/+

Wr]hbojZk( B+ T+ .666+ Qeb ]Zqbdlof]Zi fjmboZqfsb7 Pb]rofqfbp ZkZivpqp Zka qeb fiibdfqfjZ]v afp]lrkq+ ,jbofWTk GlrokTi lc PlWflildv( .-17 .065).105+

Wvdifalmlrilp( P+ @+ /--.+ Qeb fjmZ]q lc Z]]fabkqp lk cfojp— obmrqZqflk clo pl]fZi mboclojZk]b+ .rpfkbpp Tka PlWfbqv! 1-7 1.3)11.+

2-

P34HB ,AboZnfmpfsb OpWpfopfZo Wka :lnnbhWpflkoZ

Z @loobiZqflkp fk [lia fkaf]Zqb pfdkfcf]Zk]b ibsbip lc m 9 -+-2+[ Erkaobap lc qelrpZkap] Jfiiflkp

2.

P34HB -Nborhpo lc 3nbhhWkl 4lka 3kWhvobo MnbafZpfkd Pbkln lc IbafW :lsbnWdbW

Z Qeb =obiiZkl)?lka jlabi rpbp Z iZddba abmbkabkq sZofZ[ib Zp Zk fkpqorjbkq+ Qerp( qeb krj[bo lc l[pbosZqflkp fp pjZiibo qeZk fk qeb lofdfkZi pZjmib+

2/

CFDRNB ,Peb IlabnWpflk BccbZp lc Fkaropnv Tnlkdalfkd lk peb NbhWpflkoefm Ybptbbk

Cfni Tnlkdalfkd Wka Pbkln lc IbafW :lsbnWdb

CFDRNB -Peb IlabnWpflk BccbZp lc PbZekfZWh 3Zpflko lk peb NbhWpflkoefm Ybptbbk

Cfni Tnlkdalfkd Wka Pbkln lc IbafW :lsbnWdb

20

CFDRNB .Peb IlabnWpflk BccbZp lc :bnbilkfWh 3Zpflko lk peb NbhWpflkoefm Ybptbbk

Cfni Tnlkdalfkd Wka Pbkln lc IbafW :lsbnWdb

CFDRNB 1Peb IlabnWpflk BccbZp lc :bnbilkfWh 3Zpflko lk peb NbhWpflkoefm Ybptbbk

Fkaropnv Tnlkdalfkd Wka Pbkln lc IbafW :lsbnWdb

21

3kWopWofvW VWsvWhlsW %ZwZsvZil<oepjfqe+rja+bar& fp Z Me+A+ ]ZkafaZqb fk PqoZqbdf] JZkZdbjbkq Zq qeb Ol[boq E+ Pjfqe P]elli lc ?rpfkbpp( Rkfsbopfqv lc JZoviZka( @liibdb MZoh+ Ebo obpbZo]e cl]rpbp lk qeb mol]bppbp qeolrde tef]e cfojp [rfia( aZjZdb( Zka obpqlob pl]fZi ZmmolsZi Zppbqp( pr]e Zp obmrqZqflk Zka ]bib[ofqv+ Peb fp pmb]fcf]Ziiv fkqbobpqba fk qeb olib lc jbafZ fk fkcirbk]fkd pl]fZi mbo]bmqflkp Z[lrq cfojp fk ifdeq lc afpormqfsb bsbkqp+

IfZeWbh A! McWnnbn %jmcZoobo<rdZ+bar& fp Zk ZppfpqZkq molcbpplo fk qeb Qboov @liibdb lc ?rpfkbpp Zq qeb Rkfsbopfqv lc DblodfZ+ Eb ob]bfsba efp Me+A+ colj qeb Rkfsbopfqv lc JZoviZka+ Efp obpbZo]e cl]rpbp lk buqbokZi mbo]bmqflkp lc cfoj Z]qflkp Zka elt qeb cfoj jZkZdbp qebpb fkqbomobqZqflkp ql ]obZqb sZirb+ Efp pmb]fcf] fkqbobpqp fk]irab mlpfqfsb Zka kbdZqfsb pl]fZibsZirZqflkp %b+d+( cfoj ]bib[ofqv( ibdfqfjZ]v( obmrqZqflk( Zka pqfdjZ&( fjmobppflk Zka ]ofpfp jZkZdbjbkq( jbafZ Z]]lrkqp( Zka qeb olib lc [rpfkbpp fk pl]fbqv+

NelkaW G! Nbdbn %oobdbo<oepjfqe+rja+bar& fp Zk Zppl]fZqb molcbpplo lc pqoZqbdf] jZkZdbjbkq Zka bkqobmobkbropefm Zq qeb Rkfsbopfqv lc JZoviZka( @liibdb MZoh+ Peb ob]bfsba ebo Me+A+ fk pqoZqbdf] jZkZdbjbkq colj qeb Rkfsbopfqv lc Fiifklfp Zq Ro[ZkZ)@eZjmZfdk+ Ebo ]roobkq obpbZo]e fkqbobpqp fk]irab ]ldkfqfsb ZmmolZ]ebp ql ]ljmbqfqfsb Zka obmrqZqflk avkZjf]p( lodZkfwZqflkZi fabkqfqv( Zka klk)jZohbq pqoZqbdfbp+

AbYnW H! OeWmfnl %apeZmfol<oepjfqe+rja+bar& fp qeb @iZof]b Pjfqe Molcbpplo lc JZkZdbjbkq Zq qeb Rkfsbopfqv lc JZoviZka"p Ol[boq E+ Pjfqe P]elli lc ?rpfkbpp( Zka clojboiv qeb TfiiZoa G+ DoZeZj Afpqfkdrfpeba Molcbpplo lc JZkZdbjbkq Zq RK@)@eZmbi Efii"p HbkZk)CiZdibo ?rpfkbpp P]elli tebob peb tZp lk cZ]riqv .653)/--0+ Peb ob]bfsba ebo Me+A+ fk LodZkfwZqflk ?beZsflo colj qeb G+I+ Hbiildd DoZarZqb P]elli lc JZkZdbjbkq Zq Kloqetbpqbok Rkfsbopfqv+ Ebo obpbZo]e cl]rpbp lk tlohmiZ]b)obiZqba ]lkcif]q %b+d+( mbo]bmqflkp lc fkgrpqf]b lo jfpqobZqjbkq( obpfpqZk]b ql lodZkfwZqflkZi ]eZkdb( ]olpp)]riqroZi afccbobk]bp& Zka qeb sZoflrp pqoZqbdfbp( pr]e Zp kbdlqfZqflk( jbafZqflk( Zka bumiZkZqflkp( qeZq ebim ql lsbo]ljb ]lkcif]q)]eZiibkdbp+