MANAGED AQUIFER RECHARGE (MAR) IN MED AREA. The Spanish case

By Dr. Enrique Fernández Escalante Specialist Tragsa R&D.

Lecturer at Moncloa Campus.

“Noble prime” 2013 IAH MAR Commission

Since 2014 Feb. co-coordinator of IAH MAR Comm.

Summary

• INTRODUCTION

• M.A.R. OR A.R.?

• SITES & INVENTORY

• MAR (& “SAT-MAR”) PRESENCE BY TIPOLOGIES/DEVICES

• MAR (& SAT-MAR) POTENTIAL IN SPAIN

• A PROPOSAL FOR NEW ACTIVITIES TO BE DONE

• OBSTACLES TO BROADEN MAR IMPLEMENTATION

• CONCLUSIONS

IWRM in Spain. Techniques:

• Damming: 53.000 hm3

• Water exploitaition: groundwater: 6.000 hm3/year. 80% for irrigation • Transferences

Conventionals

Non conventionals

• Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) volume 380 hm3/year Palliative techniques

-Savings / Piping efficiency -Runoff decrease -Evaporation decrease -Underground springs capture - Etc.

Special or alternative

• Reuse and recycling: 450 hm3/year

• Desalination: hm3 1.5 /day. Almost 1.000 desal. plants

Introduction

Hydro-dinamic mechanism

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recarga_artificial_de_acu%C3%ADferos

MAR as a Driving Force

Annex 2, Directive 2000/60/CE and its guide document of pressures and impacts analysis, IMPRESS (CEE, 2002), including the “artificial recharge” as a “Driving Force” activity, willing to provoque an impact on any water mass quantity and quality.

Managed Aquifer Recharge or Artificial recharge, MAR or AR?

1. Technicians and scientists in the IAH have been avoiding the term

artificial recharge and instead have been using managed aquifer

recharge for more than a decade.

2. The term “artificial” implies that the water is, in some way, unnatural.

3. We don't call well pumping “artificial discharge”

4. In the USA where the artificial recharge term began, that has now been

replaced in the relevant ASCE Standards Committee, and in various

conferences such as BSMAR (Biennial Symposium on Managed

Aquifer Recharge) by MAR.

5. More citations for Mar than AR

6. MAR advocates and presents an international common terminology for

types of MAR in use, joining older terms as enhanced recharge, water

banking, sustainable underground storage, artificial recharge…

http://www.dina-mar.es http://goo.gl/yHpzMB Pg. 19:

Inventory for MAR experiences

and facilities in Spain

http://www.dina-mar.es/post/2010/04/29/documentacion-tecnicanoticias.aspx

D&TT. DINA-MAR. Final book

http://www.dina-mar.es/post/2013/01/02/DINA-MAR-Publicacion-final-del-proyecto-c2a1Inminente!.aspx

superficial &

depth facilities

MAR for mining

Opened wells Careos cannals

INVENTORY BY REGIONS Andalucía

An ancient case: Careo channels Alpujarras, P.N. Sierra Nevada

MAR since 12 th century 14 careos for MAR well preserved. Total lenght: 125 km

Mecina careo

Tracers technique Use of faults in the rock massif From the ridge to the spring different elements: channels, forks, infiltration fields, dolines, gates… Hydraulic masonry

http://www.dina-mar.es/post/2013/03/31/Galeria-fotografica-de-los-Careos-de-las-Alpujarras.aspx

Bérchules careo

Channels and infiltration fields Advanced hydraulic masonry General increase of the storage

AMUNAS

Amunas (Perú…)

http://sembraragua.blogspot.com.es/

MAR FOR MINING: COBRE LAS CRUCES MINE, GERENA (SEVILLE)

CLC

Perimeter and selective drainage in the

“mining hollow”

Injection “down water” “Niebla-Posadas aquifer”

Hydraulic thresholds

Very advanced injection scheme

CLC Complex execution

Advanced sensors system

Self-purging valves

Injection pressure under control

Management in real time

Water quality control

TOPOLOGIC SCHEME FOR MALAGA CENTRAL

INTERESTING POSSIBILITIES

MAR AT CANAL DEL GUADALQUIVIR, GUADAJOZ (SEVILLE)

Transfer riverwater > groundwater

By river bank and substrate

DECANT without FILTERING

Rapid clogging impact

Short duration experimental essay

2000

2010

OTHER EXAMPLES

Sotillos (Cádiz)

Guadalete (Cádiz)

Sondeo de Marbella (Málaga)

Calcarenitas de Carmona (Seville)

Vega de Guadix (Granada)

Alquife (Granada)

Alcalá la Real (Jaén)?

Gracia-Morenita (Jaén)?

Mancha Real (Jaén)

Mazagón (Huelva)

Balearic Islands

Deep boreholes

Karst aquifers

Oportunistic (intermittent/temporal) recharge: Ufanes de Gabellí (Majorca Island, Spain)

Pure opportunistic recharge

Trop plain for Crestatx aquifer

Private initiative

Industrial use

R&D experiences

Energy Research Center at Totana

(wells)

Murcia

• Facilities to study the production

of energy by means of MAR

Vall de Uixó (Castellón) Superficial devices, wells, SAT-MAR

Alicante province: Dams, perforated dykes, wells, collapses/sinkholes

Valencia Com.

Ebro river basin (Aragon- Catalonia)

- Damming for MAR: e.g. Mularroya dam

- 25 MAR activities planned in the Ebro river basin Plan

- Important GW activity

038 TREMP-ISONA (SUBTERRÁNEA)

040 SINCLINAL DE GRAUSS (SUBTERRÁNEA)

060 ALUVIAL DEL CINCA (SUBTERRÁNEA)

061 ALUVIAL DEL BAJO SEGRE (SUBTERRÁNEA)

101 ALUVIAL DE TORTOSA (SUBTERRÁNEA)

103 MESOZOICO DE LA GALERA (SUBTERRÁNEA)

041 LITERA ALTA (SUBTERRÁNEA)

042 SIERRAS MARGINALES CATALANAS (SUBTERRÁNEA)

063 ALUVIAL DE URGELL (SUBTERRÁNEA)

096 PUERTOS DE BECEITE (SUBTERRÁNEA)

104 SIERRA DEL MONTSIÁ (SUBTERRÁNEA)

035 ALTO URGELL (SUBTERRÁNEA)

036 LA CERDANYA (SUBTERRÁNEA)

062 ALUVIAL DEL MEDIO SEGRE (SUBTERRÁNEA)

064 CALIZAS DE TÁRREGA (SUBTERRÁNEA)

097 FOSA DE MORA (SUBTERRÁNEA)

098 PRIORATO (SUBTERRÁNEA)

099 PUERTOS DE TORTOSA (SUBTERRÁNEA)

102 PLANA DE LA GALERA (SUBTERRÁNEA)

034 MACIZO AXIAL PIRENAICO (SUBTERRÁNEA)

037 COTIELLA-TURBÓN (SUBTERRÁNEA)

039 CADÍ-PORT DEL COMTE (SUBTERRÁNEA)

100 BOIX-CARDÓ (SUBTERRÁNEA)

105 DELTA DEL EBRO (SUBTERRÁNEA)

Recarga artificial de la masa de agua subterránea del Campo de Cariñena:

075 CAMPO DE CARIÑENA (SUBTERRÁNEA)

•Superficial devices

•Wells

•ASR

•Perforated dykes

•SAT-MAR

•Riverbed scarification

•Infiltration ponds

Catalonia

Model for clorures concentration evolution in the aquifer

WITHOUT Hydraulic barrier

Horizon 2036

Positive barrier by means of injection

of reclaimed and treated water

Hydraulic barrier to combat marine intrusion (Zona Franca, Barcelona)

WITH Hydraulic barrier

Castille-Leon

Dam to enhance MAR – RBF Artificial wetlands SAT-MAR sites

Infiltration ponds Channels Infiltration fields

Qanats

MAR & agroindustry

Impacts are lowered by MAR

• Sector with abundant examples of implementation • Water and energy efficiency improvements by means of MAR • Success linked to the supply guarantee without climate dependence • Scales variety: From individuals to big industries (associationism) • High blue print or water footprint

• 11 years • Channel 27 km • 5 infiltration ponds • 3 artificial wetlands • 1 RBF •3 infiltration wells

• 9 years • Channel 40.7 km • 3 infiltration ponds • 1 RBF • 1 artificial wetland

• Arenales aquifer Santiuste basin (SG-VA):

Carracillo District (SG):

Alcazarén (VA):

• 3 years (inoperative) • Channel 7 km • 3 degraded wetlands • 1 pond •1 WWTP (SAT MAR)

10-15 hm3/year

Madrid Com.

Deep boreholes / ASR

SUDS

5 recharge sites

Only for emergency situations

Dual boreholes

Backwashing

Advanced sensor systems

Specific design (tailor made)

Deep injection-2

CYII. Madrid

SUDS Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems

Three “s” rule: -Slow it down -Spread it off -Soak it in

MAR TO IMPROVE URBAN AREAS. New architectonic designs and SUDS

Castille-La Mancha

Opened wells /ASTR

MAR Wells / wetlands

WETLANDS REGENERATION BY MEANS OF MAR TECHNIQUES: Tablas de Daimiel

8 M.A.R. wells (PVC cased)

2 water management devices

Guadiana channel configuration

Irrigation Guadiana channel

Opportunistic recharge

Wells-boreholes

Specific design

Stored volume (2010 Jan – 2011 March)

RECARGA UNIDAD HIDROGEOLÓGICA 04.04

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

4,000,000

4,500,000

5,000,000

ene-

10

feb-10 mar-

10

abr-10 may-

10

jun-10 jul-10 ago-

10

sep-

10

oct-10 nov-10 dic-10 ene-

11

feb-11 mar-

11

(Volu

men infiltra

do m

3)

POZOS 1997 POZOS 2000 POZOS 2010

Guadiana channel

hm3 98,1 in 13 months (oficial figure)

Pozos 1997 Pozos 2000 Pozos 2010

Enero 2010 2.3 0.5 0.0

Febrero 2010 2.1 0.4 0.0

Marzo 2010 2.3 0.5 2.6

Abril 2010 2.2 0.4 4.4

Mayo 2010 2.3 0.5 4.7

Junio 2010 2.2 0.4 4.5

Julio 2010 2.3 0.5 4.7

Agosto 2010 2.3 0.5 4.7

Septiembre 2010 2.2 0.4 4.5

Octubre 2010 2.3 0.5 4.7

Noviembre 2010 2.2 0.4 4.5

Diciembre 2010 2.3 0.5 4.7

Enero 2011 2.3 0.5 4.7

Febrero 2010 2.1 0.4 4.2

Marzo 2010 2.3 0.5 4.7

TOTALES 33.6 6.7 57.8 98,1hm³

TOTAL VOLUME RECHARGED (hm³)

N SYSTEM MAR DEVICE LOGO FIGURE PHOTO LEGEND

1 INFILTRATION PONDS/ WETLANDS

Artificial wetland to recharge in Sanchón,

Coca, Segovia (Spain).

Photo: DINA-MAR

2 CHANNELS AND INFILTRATION DITCHES

Artificial recharge channel of the Basin of

Santiuste, Segovia, Spain, operative since

2002. Photo: DINA-MAR.

3RIDGES/ SOIL AND AQUIFER TREATMENT

TECHNIQUES

Ridges in the bottom of a infiltration pond.

California.

Photo: D. Peyton.

4INFILTRATION FIELDS (FLOOD AND

CONTROLLED SPREADING)

Infiltration field in Omdel (Namibia).

Photo: G. Tredoux.

5ACCIDENTAL RECHARGE BY

IRRIGATION RETURN

Artificial recharge by irrigation return.

Extremadura, Spain. Photo: Tragsa

6 RESERVOIR DAMS AND DAMSArtificial recharge dam in basin head.

Alicante, Spain. Photo: DINA-MAR

7 PERMEABLE DAMS Permeable dam in Huesca, Spain.

Photo: Tragsatec.

8 LEVEESLevees in Santa Ana river, Orange County,

California, USA. Photo: A. Hutchinson.

9 RIVERBED SCARIFICATION

Scarification at Besós riverbed, Barcelona,

Spain.

Photo: J. Armenter.

10 SUB-SURFACE/ UNDERGROUND DAMS Sub-surface dam in Kitui, Kenya.

Photo: Sander de Haas.

11 DRILLED DAMS Drilled dam. Lanjarón, Granada, Spain.

Photo: Tragsatec.

12 QANATS (UNDERGROUND GALLERYS)

Qanat at Carbonero el Mayor, Segovia,

Spain.

Photo: E.F. Escalante

13 OPEN INFILTRATION WELLS Infiltration well. Arizona, USA.

Photo: DINA-MAR

14 DEEP WELLS AND BOREHOLES

Artificial recharge well. Cornellá,

Barcelona, Spain.

Photo: DINA-MAR

15 BOREHOLES Borehole (ASR) in Adelaida. Photo: P. Dillon.

16 SINKHOLES, COLLAPSES...

Sinkhole called"El Hundimiento". Alicante,

Spain.

Photo: DINA-MAR

17 ASR ASR device in Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.

Photo: DINA-MAR

18 ASTR ASTR device in California, USA.

19 RIVER BANK FILTRATION (RBF)MAR RBFsystem in Eritrea.

Photo: A. Twinhof.

20 INTERDUNE FILTRATION Interdune filtration near Amsterdam,

Netherlands. Photo: Allus.

21 UNDERGROUND IRRIGATION

Underground irrigation in Andalucía,

Spain.

Photo: Tragsa.

22

RA

IN

RAINWATER HARVESTING IN UNPRODUCTIVE

Rainwater harvesting in unproductives for

MAR techniques.

Photo: GIAE

23ACCIDENTAL RECHARGE PIPES AND

SEWER SYSTEM

Artificial recharge from sewer system

in Spain. Photo: Tragsa

24 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

SUDS. Gomeznarro park.

Madrid, Spain.

Photo: E.F. Escalante.

SU

DS

DIS

PE

RS

ION

CH

AN

NE

LS

WE

LL

SF

ILT

RA

TIO

N

http://goo.gl/azKs5S

MAR (& “SAT-MAR”) PRESENCE BY TIPOLOGIES/DEVICES

?

N SYSTEM MAR DEVICE LOGO FIGURE PHOTO LEGEND

1 INFILTRATION PONDS/ WETLANDS

Artificial wetland to recharge in Sanchón,

Coca, Segovia (Spain).

Photo: DINA-MAR

2 CHANNELS AND INFILTRATION DITCHES

Artificial recharge channel of the Basin of

Santiuste, Segovia, Spain, operative since

2002. Photo: DINA-MAR.

3RIDGES/ SOIL AND AQUIFER TREATMENT

TECHNIQUES

Ridges in the bottom of a infiltration pond.

California.

Photo: D. Peyton.

4INFILTRATION FIELDS (FLOOD AND

CONTROLLED SPREADING)

Infiltration field in Omdel (Namibia).

Photo: G. Tredoux.

5ACCIDENTAL RECHARGE BY

IRRIGATION RETURN

Artificial recharge by irrigation return.

Extremadura, Spain. Photo: Tragsa

6 RESERVOIR DAMS AND DAMSArtificial recharge dam in basin head.

Alicante, Spain. Photo: DINA-MAR

7 PERMEABLE DAMS Permeable dam in Huesca, Spain.

Photo: Tragsatec.

8 LEVEESLevees in Santa Ana river, Orange County,

California, USA. Photo: A. Hutchinson.

9 RIVERBED SCARIFICATION

Scarification at Besós riverbed, Barcelona,

Spain.

Photo: J. Armenter.

10 SUB-SURFACE/ UNDERGROUND DAMS Sub-surface dam in Kitui, Kenya.

Photo: Sander de Haas.

11 DRILLED DAMS Drilled dam. Lanjarón, Granada, Spain.

Photo: Tragsatec.

12 QANATS (UNDERGROUND GALLERYS)

Qanat at Carbonero el Mayor, Segovia,

Spain.

Photo: E.F. Escalante

13 OPEN INFILTRATION WELLS Infiltration well. Arizona, USA.

Photo: DINA-MAR

14 DEEP WELLS AND BOREHOLES

Artificial recharge well. Cornellá,

Barcelona, Spain.

Photo: DINA-MAR

15 BOREHOLES Borehole (ASR) in Adelaida. Photo: P. Dillon.

16 SINKHOLES, COLLAPSES...

Sinkhole called"El Hundimiento". Alicante,

Spain.

Photo: DINA-MAR

17 ASR ASR device in Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.

Photo: DINA-MAR

18 ASTR ASTR device in California, USA.

19 RIVER BANK FILTRATION (RBF)MAR RBFsystem in Eritrea.

Photo: A. Twinhof.

20 INTERDUNE FILTRATION Interdune filtration near Amsterdam,

Netherlands. Photo: Allus.

21 UNDERGROUND IRRIGATION

Underground irrigation in Andalucía,

Spain.

Photo: Tragsa.

22

RA

IN

RAINWATER HARVESTING IN UNPRODUCTIVE

Rainwater harvesting in unproductives for

MAR techniques.

Photo: GIAE

23ACCIDENTAL RECHARGE PIPES AND

SEWER SYSTEM

Artificial recharge from sewer system

in Spain. Photo: Tragsa

24 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

SUDS. Gomeznarro park.

Madrid, Spain.

Photo: E.F. Escalante.

SU

DS

DIS

PE

RS

ION

CH

AN

NE

LS

WE

LL

SF

ILT

RA

TIO

N

? ?

• Matrix has been related to GIS to take into account “if… then” conditions for each of the 24 inventoried MAR devices.

• Facilities grouped by fields:

38

Calculus procedure

1. according to pollutions (type & source) 2. hazards 3. conditioning factors 4. water demands 5. trends 6. advantages

Detailed association criteria are exposed at

DINA-MAR, 2010, pg 243 to 250

http://goo.gl/z1NKaD

MAR POTENTIAL IN SPAIN DINA-MAR, 2010

“MAR zones” results

39

Results relating to “MAR zones” by hydrographic major basins or demarcations.

Approximately 16% (67,000 km2) of territory is suitable for MAR

MAR ZONES

http://www.dina-mar.es/post/2012/03/12/Mapas-DINA-MAR.aspx

Duero Balearic Jucar Tagus

Most appropriate basins:

40

MAR POTENTIAL IN SPAIN. MORE FIGURES

Water volume dammed up in Spain: 53.198 hm3 (2005 January)

Approximately 16% of the Spanish mainland’s territory is suitable for successful MAR operations (67.000 km2)

¿How much water could be stored in MAR zones?

ALMOST 250% OF VIABLE STORAGE VOLUME.

POSIBILITY OF OCCUPYING SURFACE LAND…

IN SHORT

Cartography with MAR areas and the most appropriate MAR device assigned. "HidroGeoportal DINA-MAR" viewer also provides some options for each zone.

http://sig3.tragsatec.es/visor_dina-mar/

Most suitable MAR device mapping

LEGEND:

01-INF. PONDS

02-INF. CHANNELS

04-INF. FIELDS

07-PERM. DAMS

08-SNAKESHAPED CH.

10-UNDERGROUND DAMS

13-OPEN WELLS

15-BOREHOLES

17-ASR

18-ASTR

20-INTERDUNE

FILTRATION

N

MAR Zones - Devices An example for Down Guadalhorce river (Malaga)

Economic studies for MAR activities implementation based on the origin of the water and its incorporation

into "HYDROGEOPORTAL" CARTOGRAPHIC VIEWER

IMPLEMENTATION COSTS Calculus for the averaged economic index prior connection with inventoried devices and “MAR zones” at HidroGeoportal DINA-MAR

5 Classes:

• € 0.08 /m3. Urban (SDUS) /forestry runoff capture.

• € 0.10 /m3 Surface devices from river origin.

• € 0.20 /m3 MAR from buried dikes in rivers.

• € 0.23 /m3 Wells and boreholes with an injection capacity smaller than 50 l/s.

• € 0.58 /m3 Boreholes with an injection capacity bigger than 50 l/s.

44

Choroplethic cartography of "iso-prices" for the implementation of the best MAR facilities in each “MAR Zone”

Decision Support System (DSS) mapping & aplication

On line aplication: “HIDROGEOPORTAL” HydroGeoportal" On line application to determine MAR zones with different sources of MAR water (especially river flows and wastewater) and for different uses (especially irrigation, storage and environmental uses), taking into account even 79 criteria; the most notable being the aquifers’ storage capacity and permeability

htt

p:/

/sig

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rags

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.es/

viso

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ina-

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/

SAT-MAR POTENTIAL

SAT-MAR examples: - Barcelona (active) - Costa Brava (active) - Daimiel (de-activated) - Balearic Islands (experimental) - Arenales (active) - Castellón (unknown) - Málaga (implementation phase) …

SOME ACTIVITIES PROPOSED TO BE DONE - MAR Borehole attached to irrigation ponds as a security and MAR design criteria

MAR borehole associated to an Irrigation pond

- Studies for cases with an extra reclaimed water volume for irrigation

Irrigation with excessive reclaimed water in Majorca Island

“Lax” or “free” structure: Direct N & P consumption

Reclaimed water spillway

Maria de la Salut. Majorca Island (EARSAC project) Irrigation excessive with reclaimed water

Monitoring well (down groundwater flow sense)

•Employ of inflatable structures (as for levees) •Interaction studies

experimental orchard

- Broaden the presence of SUDS in cities

- Low cost water harvesting

implementation examples

- Eco-innovation label for vegetable

production irrigated with MAR water

- Farmer courses, e.g. MAR4FARM

- Etc.

Action Group MAR(solutions) to MAR-k€t

• 14th- Managed Aquifer Recharge

strategies and actions (AG128)

• LNEC (PT) –Tragsa (SP)

• Possibilities of applying MAR in nine branches of the industry

• 35 partners

• PTEA and IGRAC in charge of dissemination

• IAH MAR Comm. WG linked to the AG activities, with similar objectives, a broader international scope and longer in time

http://www.eip-water.eu/working-groups/mar-solutions-managed-aquifer-recharge-strategies-and-actions-ag128

Tragsa

1.Agro-industry. Arenales (SP): Direct linkage between MAR water and high quality products.

2. Water supply companies: Athens. Greece, Labrion (Greece) and Algarve (Portugal)

3.Waste water treatment plants: Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain, Labrion (Greece) and Malta South

4. Desalinations companies. : Menashe (Israel) and Malta South.

5.Bottled companies. Working on currently on the food industry

6.Golf courses. Relation with MAR not clear within Europe yet

7. Public Administration branches. All demo-sites

8.SPAs and balnearies. Working on currently

9.Hotels and tourist facilities (Market uptakes). Connection with demowarte and Demeaumed projects. Posible pilots in Catalonia and Balearic islands

Eight different industry branches have been identified to be involved in the application of MAR technique

To participate in the IAH MAR Comm.

Mar to MARK€t Working Group:

efernan6@tragsa.es; tleitao@lnec.pt

• CULTURAL

• SCIENTIFIC

• SOCIO-ECONOMICAL

• POLITICAL

• + DEMEAU 1. PUBLIC OPINION

2. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

3. ECOTOXICOLOGY

4. POLICY

5. INVOLVEMENT OF AUTHORITIES

6. POLITICAL CONTEXT

7. COOPERATION

8. ROLE CLARITY

9. PAST COLLABORATIVE EXPERIENCES

10. DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES

11. SHARED GOALS / FAILURES

12. ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE

13. FINANCIAL MEANS

14. BEST PRACTICES AND EXPERIENCES

15. COMPATIBILITY

16. ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

17. EMPLOYEES KNOWLEDGE

18. EMPLOYEES SKILLS

19. EMPLOYEES MOTIVATION

KIC: Knowledge and Innovation Communities??

BARRIERS TO BROADEN MORE M.A.R. IMPLEMENTATION IN SPAIN

8- Technical conclusions

1. MAR has become a unifying term for a technique which had many different names

2. Most of the inventoried MAR typologies are present in Spain, except levees and underground dams.

3. Devices must be “tailor made” according to aquifers characteristics

4. In Spain the MAR total volume is about 380hm3 per year, most of it “incidental”

5. Broad scope of uses: irrigation, environmental uses, water supply, etc.

6. Most of the injection wells are allocated in karstic aquifers and deep boreholes in semiconfined aquifers

7. A vast number of facilities have been abandoned after a research period

8. Private initiatives and industry are becoming promoters of MAR activity

9. SAT-MAR has severe opposition due to emergent pollutants and the sinergistic effect of spill compounds. There are many other obstacles to overcome so as to improve its acceptance

General conclusions

1. MAR technique is under-utilized in Spain (380 hm3/year) despite a 16% of Spanish terrain is susceptible to be recharged.

2. Ancient technique (experiences from XXII century).

3. Driving force appropriate for environmental purposes and to palliate some adverse climate change impacts.

4. Excellent opportunities for a bigger presence in IWRM schemes, specially for opportunistic (temporal) cases.

5. Each State should be encouraged to promote public participation mechanisms in IWRM, enhance the degree of information and promote new experiences under a shared responsibility context.

6. Technical solutions for current MAR problems are complex and require:

a) High doses of hydro-imagination

b) Research

c) Patience

d) Overcome innovation obstacles

efernan6@tragsa.es dinamar@tragsa.es

Thank you! 2014 Oct. 10th

? www.marsol.eu

www.dina-mar.es

Kaizen: change for the better

IAH Commission on Managing Aquifer Recharge

Lisbon, 10th October 2014

WARBO

News and information

Co-chairs: Peter Dillon, Weiping Wang & Enrique Fernández Escalante

Web sites: English: www.iah.org/recharge Spanish: www.dina-mar.es/ Chinese: http://china-mar.ujn.edu.cn/

Commission on Managing Aquifer Recharge:

Objectives www.iah.org/recharge

The Commission promotes the securing and expanding of water resources and improving water quality in ways that are appropriate, environmentally sustainable, technically viable, economic and socially desirable.

It encourages research, development and adoption of improved practices for management of aquifer recharge and improving knowledge, skills and capabilities of practitioners, water resources managers and regulators.

The Commission facilitates international exchange of information between members (e.g. via a web page and an email list), by disseminating results of research and practical experience (e.g. via conferences and workshops), raising awareness of MAR among IAH members, related professions and the community, and its members undertaking projects and activities identified in plenaries as important. Aligns with UNESCO IHP-VIII (2014-2021) WATER SECURITY: RESPONSES TO LOCAL, REGIONAL, AND GLOBAL CHALLENGES” STRATEGIC PLAN Focal Area 2.2 - Addressing strategies for management of aquifers recharge

Working Groups

1. Producing a monograph on clogging and

its management – Russell Martin www.iah.org/recharge/clogging.htm

2. improved policies governance of MAR– Sharon Megdal http://www.mdpi.com/journal/water/special_issues/MAR

3. identifying the economics of MAR – Andrew Ross

4. MAR for Development – Yan Zheng

5. Adaption to climate change – Bridget Scanlon

6. Communications and awareness raising on MAR (MAR to MAR-ket) – Enrique F. Escalante & Teresa Leitão

Possible new working groups

• Inventory on MAR

• Book chapter - 40 years progress in MAR research

• Land management to enhance recharge

• Validation of fate of pathogens in aquifers

...The last plenary was held in IAH Congress at Marrakech, Morocco, Sept 2014

...ISMAR9

International Symposia on MAR ISMAR10 ?

1. 1988 Anaheim California, USA (ASCE) 2. 1994 Orlando, Florida, USA (ASCE) 3. 1998 Amsterdam, Netherlands (IAH, ASCE & UNESCO) 4. 2002 Adelaide, Australia “ 5. 2005 Berlin, Germany “ 6. 2007 Phoenix, Arizona, USA “ 7. 2010 Abu Dhabi, UAE “ 8. 2013 Beijing, P.R. China “ 9. 2016 Mexico City, Mexico “ 10. 2019 ???????? .. ** 11. 2022 ???????? (have you considered hosting ISMAR??)

Free access books and info repository on MAR LINKS:

• Igrac International Groundwater Resources Assessment Centre - Igrac, www.un-igrac.org/

• PTEA as a dissemination member in the new action group http://www.plataformaagua.org/

• http:// www.dessin-project.eu

• http://demeau-fp7.eu/results

• UNESCO - International Hydrological Programme http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/water/ihp/

• CSIRO Land and Water http://www.clw.csiro.au/research/urban/reuse/

• China MAR: http://china-mar.ujn.edu.cn/

• Aquifer storage and recovery http://www.asrforum.com/

• http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/ specially for Asia.

• South Africa's Artificial Recharge Information Centre. http://www.artificialrecharge.co.za/

• Activities in emergent countries http://www.bebuffered.com/

BOOKS

• No.4 – Management of aquifer recharge / discharge processes and aquifer equilibrium states

• http://typo3.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/groundwatergovernance/docs/Thematic_papers/GWG_Thematic_Paper_4.pdf

• No.5 - Groundwater Policy and Governance http://www.groundwatergovernance.org/fileadmin/user_upload/groundwatergovernance/docs/Thematic_papers/GWG_ThematicPaper5_APr2013_web.pdf

• Rechargeable sustainability. The key is the storage" / “Sostenibilidad recargable. La llave en el almacén”

• http://www.dina-mar.es/post/2012/08/31/NUEVO-DINA-MAR-Publicacion-e2809cSostenibilidad-recargable-La-llave-en-el-almacene2809d-disponible-en-Internet.aspx

• DINA-MAR final book (in Spanish): http://www.dina-mar.es/post/2013/01/02/DINA-MAR-Publicacion-final-del-proyecto-c2a1Inminente!.aspx

• Clogging monograph (released last October) and opened to new contributions. http://recharge.iah.org/recharge/clogging.htm

• Strategies for MAR in semi-arid areas, Spanish: http://recharge.iah.org/recharge/downloads/MAR_Strategies_spanish.pdf

• P-ISMAR series: Posters from the last five International symposium on Managed Aquifer Recharge (P-ISMAR):

• http://www.dina-mar.es/post/2013/11/27/P-ISMAR-serie-Titulo-5-P-ISMAR-8-(descarga-gratuita-del-Ebook-Free-download).aspx

• http://www.dina-mar.es/post/2013/01/01/P-ISMAR-BOOKS-TITULO-4-P-ISMAR-7.aspx

• ISMAR 7 proceedings book. Achieving Groundwater Supply Sustainability & Reliability Through Managed Aquifer Recharge

• http://www.dina-mar.es/pdf/ismar7-proceedingsbook.pdf

• ISMAR 6 proceedings book http://recharge.iah.org/recharge/downloads/AquiferRecharge_ISMAR6.pdf & ISMAR 5 proceedings book.

• http://recharge.iah.org/recharge/infoNNC.html

• http://recharge.iah.org/recharge/reports.htm

• http://www.artificialrecharge.co.za/06implementation.html

• http://www.artificialrecharge.co.za/11needtoknow.html

VIDEOS

• http://www.dina-mar.es/videos/DINA-MAR_MOVIE.WMV / http://www.artificialrecharge.co.za/13videos.html …

http://www.dina-mar.es/post/2014/04/30/Libros-sobre-la-tecnica-MAR-(repositorio)-MAR-books-repository.aspx

Email List

• IAH Australian Chapter and Flinders University of South Australia have maintained this list, which has a relatively stable number of 300 members in 33 countries. A number of emails were sent during 2013 advising of new conferences, workshops, reports and opportunities. We hope non-members of IAH find this helpful and we encourage you to join IAH and enjoy the full benefits of membership. The email list can be joined from the web site (www.iah.org/recharge).