Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences …...2018/11/05 · Comfort Zone-Dilemma: Actually, everything is fine. Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future

27.11.2018

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Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry ActivitiesUNECE COFFI 2018, November, 6th, 2018

Dr.-Ing. Arno BueckenMan-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018

Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de

Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]

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• Institute for Man-Machine Interaction Faculty for Electrical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University

• founded 2006 by Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Roßmann

• Currently about 50 employees Including 20 scientific employees

• Our Goal Building the scientifical foundation for eRobotics

The Institute for Man-Machine Interaction

Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018



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What is the difference between the two videos?

Robotics eRobotics




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From Visualization towards Virtual Testbeds and Simulation-based X

Simulation

Detailed analysis of single

individual aspects including

physics

Analysis of the complete system

within its environment. Integration of

the model, simulations and data

processing.

Engineering

Control

Optimization

Reasoning

User Interfaces

Virtual Testbed Simulation-based XVisualization / Animation

Static visualization of realitic

models, enhanced by

predefined animation

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eRobotics-Applications in the fields of environment, industry and space

Re

se

rac

hT

ran

sfe

rA

pp

lic

ati

on

s

Environment SpaceIndustry

Methods and Processes of eRobotics

Digitalization




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Digital Technologies change the world – fast

Innerhalb von 8 Jahre ~100% Marktdurchdringung

2005: Visitors of the Vatican after the deathof pope Johannes Paul II

2013: Visitors of the Vatican after the retirement

of pope Benedikt XVI

Sources: www.spiegel.de, Christian Klettner / BASF

Digitalization changes the World – fast!




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Perfect?

Cars are now perfect. They do not need further improvement.

“If I had asked people what they wanted, they would have said faster horses.”Henry Ford

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Innovation by stepwise advancement?

Disruptive Developments are not new:

Refrigerator vs. „Block of Ice in the Basement“

Pflough vs. Spade

Cellphone vs. Phonebox

CAD vs. Drawing Board

etc.

Image: @_Future_LeadersThe Invention of Electrical Power was a disruptive Development!




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Everythings is fine!

Comfort Zone-Dilemma:

Actually, everything is fine.




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How do major companies handle disruptive changes?

Example: Forest Surveyor

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Key Idea: Do not harvest more than the timber volume that grows back.Key Idea: Do not harvest more than the timber volume that grows back.

Sustainable Usage of the Forest

We need a precise inventory of the forest.We need a precise inventory of the forest.

Image: Pixabay




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Traditional forest surveying

Terrestrial Survey Measuring DBH Manual Notes Imag

es:

J. D

ietz




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1) Perform an angular sample count to determine the basal area of all trees of the unit

Imag

e:

J. D

ietz




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2) Determine top or mean height of the trees

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3) Determine the age of the trees

Imag

e:

Pix

ab

ay




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4) Estimate the timber volume by using the yield tables

The yield tables are

a characteristic map

for forestry units.

Age Height

Yield Class

Yield

Table




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5) Update the map of the unit.

Imag

e:

W. H

art

man

n




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6) Take the collected data to the office.

This has to be repeated every

seven years for each forestry

unit.

Imag

e:

J. D

ietz

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Forest Surveyor 2.0

Imag

e:

A.

Böh

m




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Remote Sensing




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LIDAR point clouds

Point Clouds in Testareas provide a

detailed view of the forestry unit.




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From Testareas to States

Testarea Schmallenberg

State North Rhine-Westphalia

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1

1

BIG DATA

0

0

0

0

0

001

1

1

• Heterogenous Pointcloud

• 250 Billion Points

• 1-10 Points/m²

• 32.000 km²

• Several Flight Campaigns

• Different YearsMap: Wikipedia

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Open data in North Rhine-Westphalia

Since January 1st, 2017, North Rhine-

Westphalia provides open-data. All geodata

collected by the state are now available for

free for everybody.

Map: Wikipedia




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Open data – LIDAR point clouds

Near Espelkamp

34470000 5800000

Near Winterberg

34469500 5677000

Near Bad Münstereifel

34336000 5602000

5+

Points/m²

4

2-3

1

0




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Species Distribution

Calculate the tree species

distribution from the classification

map.




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Dominant Height

For each species: Weighted average

of the highest points for raster cell

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Yield Class

By using multitemporal LIDAR, the

quality of the unit can be adressed.




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Density - Yield Factor - Coverage




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Survey

Basal Area

Species Distribution

Height

Yield Classes

Age

Forest Surveyor Forest Surveyor 2.0




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Forest Information System

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Forestry Communication Networks




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ClusterWIS

• Networked Forest Information and

Management System

• Decentralized Information Structure

• Standardized Communication Objects

• Open Interfaces

• Software Services

• Communicationstructure for

individuals in the forestry sector

E-Mai l

Sync

Sync

Sync

Sync Sync

Sync Sync

Sync




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Applications

Forest growth

simulation based

on individual

trees or

represetatitive

units.

??? Video

Waldwachstums-

simulation




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Applications

Visualizing the effect of different

harvesting strategies.

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The four step of the industrial revolution

Image: Metaltech.com




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„Forestry 4.0“ is not alone!

Farming 4.0

Bauindustrie 4.0

NRW 4.0

Smart City

Smart Grids

Smart Mobility/Smart Logistics

Smart Health Smart Port

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8][9]

[10]




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The digital twin of a forestry unit

<internal> <external>

Inputs

• Forest Inventory

• Valuation

• Felling PlanExternal DataInternal Data

Inputs

• Subsidies

• Market Requests

• Delivery Order

Outputs

• Reply to Requests

• Trees, which are

sold

Outputs

• (expected) Value

• Height, Yield Factor

• Boundaries

actions

current state




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• STORE the inventory data of the last years.

• SIMULATE the development within the next years for several harvesting strategies.

• SENSE the local growth conditions permanently.

• COUNSEL workers, machines, … for the optimal planing of harvests in consideration of required

measures of nature conservation, safety measures, …

• EXPLAIN tourists, where to find unique trees or bird species

• INITIATE required harvests and strategies under consideration of ist current state and the market

situation

A comprehensive DIGITAL TWIN of a forestry unit for example could:

The digital twin of a forestry unit

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Real and

Virtu

al W

orl

dR

eal W

orl

dV

irtu

al W

orl

d

Operations DevelopmentPhysisches Asset

Digital Shadow Digital Model

Modeling

Ausgangspunkt: Reinhart, Günther, „Digital Twin, Synchronizing Reality and Virtuality“, 2015

Operational data

Driver SurroundingsControl System

Digital Twin

=̂Communication

Cyber-Physical System

Communication

Real TwinMan-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018



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Digital Twins are Basis for the Digitalization and Result of the Digitalization – at the same Time!

Forestry

UnitDigitalization Digitalization

Physical Asset Digital Twin

Value added Chains

and Networks




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Forestry Networks

Communication Network

Forest Wood

StoragePersons Economical

Software

Forest

Machinery

Forest

Worker

Wood

Transport

Sawmill

Software

Services

Simulations




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Forestry Networks

Forest

Machine

Transport

(Truck)

Chainsaw

Wald-

einheit

Forestry

Unit

Positions

Actions

Progress of

Work

Forestinformation

Progress of WorkSawmill

Progress of

Work

Wood-Assortments

Qualities

Accounting

Forest

Machine

Remote Service

Predictive

MaintenanceChainsaw

Remote Service

Predictive

Maintenance

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Effects on Green Jobs in Forestry




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Conclusions

• change towards a network of humans and digital assets

• change in the requirements for personell

• change in the workload and the tasks




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Conclusions

„Decent Jobs“• work in a modern, interesting and demanding environment

• jobs require a qualification => educated jobs

• a huge supply chain relies on forestry => sustainable jobs

ChangesChangesBetter

Qualification

Better

QualificationChancesChances




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Thank you!This project is supported by:

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Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences …...2018/11/05 · Comfort Zone-Dilemma: Actually, everything is fine. Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future