MammalsMammalsphylum-Chordataphylum-Chordataclass-Mammaliaclass-Mammalia

Dan MeyersDan Meyers

Bryce WilsonBryce Wilson

Mammals live almost everywhereMammals live almost everywhere>most live on land>most live on land

>>forests>>forests

>>deserts>>deserts

>>fields>>fields

>>urban areas>>urban areas

>some live in the sea>some live in the sea

They are very versatileThey are very versatile>some can swim>some can swim

>some can fly>some can fly

DIETDIET>Mammals diets vary with time/seasons>Mammals diets vary with time/seasons

>Diet preferences/nutritional requirements vary>Diet preferences/nutritional requirements vary

DIFFERENT_DIETSDIFFERENT_DIETS>Omnivore>Omnivore

>>Meat and Plants>>Meat and Plants

>Herbivore>Herbivore

>>Plants only>>Plants only

>Carnivore>Carnivore

>>Meat only>>Meat only

DIET_ADAPTATIONSDIET_ADAPTATIONS>Herbivores can survive on few different plants>Herbivores can survive on few different plants

>Herbivores can digest what man cannot>Herbivores can digest what man cannot

SPECIALIZED_DIETSPECIALIZED_DIET>Koalas eat only eucalyptus leaves>Koalas eat only eucalyptus leaves

>3-toed sloth eats only the >3-toed sloth eats only the cecropiacecropia palmatapalmata (a mulberry (a mulberry like plant)like plant)

HIGH RATEHIGH RATE>They can digest 10x as >They can digest 10x as much food as reptiles of much food as reptiles of the same sizethe same size

SPECIALIZED TEETHSPECIALIZED TEETH>stronger jaw>stronger jaw

>canines for cutting>canines for cutting

>molars for grinding>molars for grinding

SPECIALIZED_STOMACHSSPECIALIZED_STOMACHS>Meat eaters>Meat eaters

>>shorter digestion, shorter intestines>>shorter digestion, shorter intestines

>Plant eaters>Plant eaters

>>longer digestion, long intestines>>longer digestion, long intestines

ex.-cows have a four chambered stomachex.-cows have a four chambered stomach

DIGESTION_EXPLAINEDDIGESTION_EXPLAINED>Watch this video on digestion and nutrient exchange>Watch this video on digestion and nutrient exchange

LIVER

>Blood circulates through liver and is cleaned

KIDNEY

>Blood gets cleaned again by kidney

>maintains and restores important compounds

BLADDER

>Waste in form of urea moves to bladder

>Waste is excreted from the body

SKELETONSSKELETONS>vertebrae>vertebrae

>>spine allows side to side/vertical movement>>spine allows side to side/vertical movement

SHOULDER/PELVIC GIRDLESSHOULDER/PELVIC GIRDLES>The shoulder/pelvic girdles are the systems of bones in the >The shoulder/pelvic girdles are the systems of bones in the pelvic and shoulder regions.pelvic and shoulder regions.

>complex shoulder and pelvis allows more movement>complex shoulder and pelvis allows more movement

RESPIRATORY_SYSTEM>Inhale

>>diaphragm and muscles in chest expand lungs

>Oxygen moves into blood through alveoli-CO2 leaves blood

CIRCULATORY_SYSTEM>Oxygen rich blood circulates through body

>>oxygen moves into muscles

>CO2 leaves muscles and moves into blood

>>CO2 rich blood moves to lungs and leaves body

ADAPTATIONS>Mammals have adapted better developed diaphragms and alveoli

SIMILARITIES_TO_OTHER_MAMMALSSIMILARITIES_TO_OTHER_MAMMALS

>Medulla Oblongata>Medulla Oblongata

>>controls breathing, heart, and unconscious >>controls breathing, heart, and unconscious systemssystems

>Cerebellum>Cerebellum

>>controls movement>>controls movement

DIFFERENCES_FROM_OTHER_ANIMALSDIFFERENCES_FROM_OTHER_ANIMALS

>Eyes>Eyes

>>specialized for low light conditions>>specialized for low light conditions

>>specialized for light and color>>specialized for light and color

>Cerebral Cortex>Cerebral Cortex

>>well developed for complex actions/thoughts>>well developed for complex actions/thoughts

GENERALGENERAL>Sperm is dispersed in female reproductive tract>Sperm is dispersed in female reproductive tract

>An egg is fertilized>An egg is fertilized

>>An embryo is created>>An embryo is created

MONOTREMESMONOTREMES>The cloaca is the reproductive organ>The cloaca is the reproductive organ

>>Similar to reptiles>>Similar to reptiles

>Eggs are laid>Eggs are laid

>>Young develop in eggs>>Young develop in eggs

>After born, they drink milk>After born, they drink milk

>>In Monotremes, milk come from pores in the skin>>In Monotremes, milk come from pores in the skin

MARSUPIALSMARSUPIALS

>Have very short gestation period>Have very short gestation period

>>Virginia Opossum….......12.5 days>>Virginia Opossum….......12.5 days

>>Marsupial Cat……..........8-12 days>>Marsupial Cat……..........8-12 days

>>Silver Gray Opossum….16 days>>Silver Gray Opossum….16 days

>Young are underdeveloped>Young are underdeveloped

>>They move into mother’s pouch>>They move into mother’s pouch

>>They continue to develop>>They continue to develop

>Young drink milk from mother>Young drink milk from mother

PLACENTAL_MAMMALSPLACENTAL_MAMMALS>Most common>Most common

>The embryo attaches to the wall of the uterus>The embryo attaches to the wall of the uterus

>Young are born fairly developed>Young are born fairly developed

>After birth, they receive milk from the mother>After birth, they receive milk from the mother

Bats control mosquito populationBats control mosquito population

Shamu has been a great source of incomeShamu has been a great source of income

Domestic animalsDomestic animals>Pets>Pets

>Food source>Food source

SIZESIZE>Blue whale(biggest animal)>Blue whale(biggest animal)

>African elephant(biggest land animal).>African elephant(biggest land animal).

SPECIALIZED SKILLSSPECIALIZED SKILLS>fly>fly

>swim>swim

>walk>walk

HAIRHAIR>they have external hair>they have external hair

THEY HAVE A HIGH METABOLIC RATETHEY HAVE A HIGH METABOLIC RATE

THEY HAVE A LAYER OF FAT BETWEEN THEIR THEY HAVE A LAYER OF FAT BETWEEN THEIR SKIN AND MUSCLESKIN AND MUSCLE

THEY HAVE A MORE COMPLEX JAWTHEY HAVE A MORE COMPLEX JAW>allows for specialized teeth>allows for specialized teeth

>>canines for carnivores>>canines for carnivores

>>molars for herbivores>>molars for herbivores

HEARINGHEARING>three bones in inner ear-better hearing>three bones in inner ear-better hearing

YOUNGYOUNG>give birth to live young>give birth to live young

>nurse their young>nurse their young