Resettlement Action Plan August 2020

Malolos Clark Railway Project (Malolos-Angeles II.) Volume 1 Main Report Prepared by Department of Transportation for the Asian Development Bank

ABBREVIATIONS

AHs Project Affected Households APs Project Affected Persons ADB Asian Development Bank ADRI Agreement to Demolish and Remove Improvements BIR Bureau of Internal Revenue BOQ Bill of Quantities CADT Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title CAO City Agriculture Office CBIA Community Based Initiative Approach CDO City Development Office CHR Commission on Human Rights CIA Clark International Airport CSO Civil Society Organizations CSWDO City Social Welfare and Development Office DA Department of Agriculture DAR Department of Agrarian Reform DD Detailed Design DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources DepEd Department of Education DHSUD Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development DILG Department of the Interior and Local Government DMS Detail Measurement Survey DOAS Deed of Absolute Sale DOF Department of Finance DOH Department of Health DOLE Department of Labor and Employment DOTr Department of Transportation DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways DRAM DPWH’s ROW Acquisition Manual DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development DTI Department of Trade and Industry EMA External Monitoring Agent EO Executive Order FBI Field Based Investigation FGD Focus Group Discussion FS Feasibility Study GC General Consultant GFI Government Financing Institution GOCC Government Owned and Controlled Corporation GoP Government of the Philippines GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism HDMF Home Development Mutual Fund HGC Home Guaranty Corporation HLURB Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board HOA Home Owner Association IA Implementing Agency ICCs IPs/Indigenous Cultural Communities

IEC Information, Education and Communication IP Indigenous Peoples IPA Independent Property Appraiser IPRA Indigenous Peoples Rights Act ISF Informal Settler Family IROW Infrastructure Right-of-Way IRR Implementing Rules and Regulations ISF Informal Settler Family JDT JICA Design Team JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency KII Key Informant Interview KSA Key Shelter Agency LHB Local Housing Board LGU Local Government Unit LHO Local Housing Offices LIAC Local Inter-Agency Committee LMA Labor Market Assessment LRIP Livelihood Restoration and Improvement Program MAT Manpower Assistance Team MCRP Malolos –Clark Railway Project MFIs Microfinance Institutions MOA Memorandum of Agreement MRT Mass Railway Transit MSVS Membership Status Verification Slip NHA National Housing Authority NCC New Clark City NCIP National Commission for Indigenous Peoples NCR National Capital Region NGA National Government Agency NGOs Non-Government Organization NLEX North Luzon Expressway NOA Notice of Award NOC Notice of Compensation NoT Notice of Taking NSRP North South Railway Project NTP Notice to Proceed OCC Operations Control Center OCT Original Certificate of Title ODA Official Development Assistance OTB Offer to Buy PESO Public Employment Service Office PhP Philippines Peso PIAC Project Inter-Agency Committee PIB Project Information Brochure PCUP Presidential Commission for the Urban Poor PNR Philippine National Railways POEA Philippine Overseas Employment Administration PLCQ Preliminary Loan Counselling Questionnaire PMO Project Management Office PO People’s Organization PROW Project Right-of-Way

PSA Philippine Statistics Authority PTE Permit to Enter PWD Person with Disability RA Republic Act RAP Resettlement Action Plan RCS Replacement Cost Survey RD Registry of Deeds RFO Ready-For-Occupancy RIMC RAP Implementation Management Committee RIPPF Resettlement and Indigenous Peoples Planning Framework ROW Right-of-Way RROW Road Right-of-Way ROWSA Right-of-Way and Site Acquisition ROWSAM Right-of-Way and Site Acquisition Manual RPT Real Property Tax SCM Stakeholders Consultation Meeting SCTEx Subic-Clark-Tarlac Expressway SEC Securities and Exchange Commission SES Socio-Economic Survey SPA Special Power of Attorney SPS Safeguard Policy Statement SSS Social Security System TA Temporary Accommodation TCT Transfer Certificate of Title TIN Tax Identification Number TNA Training Needs Assessment TESDA Technical Education and Skills Development Authority VAT Value Added Tax WB Word Bank

GLOSSARY

Affected Households Refers to all households whose residence will be affected by the project.

Affected Persons Project affected persons are those who are physically displaced (relocation, loss of residential land, or loss of shelter) and/or economically displaced (loss of land, assets, access to assets, income sources, or means of livelihoods) as a result of (i) involuntary acquisition of land, or (ii) involuntary restrictions on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected areas.

Census Claims Assertion or declaration formally filed or made known by a named/identified complainant regarding the conduct or result of census that may affect the eligibility for compensation and entitlement of the complainant or of another person. Common types of census claims are skipped during tagging, out- during-census, misstatement of census data, etc.

Community Structures Refers to facilities that are owned and, in most cases, built with community funds and/or operated by community members such as community leisure, parks and sports facilities (e.g. basketball courts, waiting sheds, etc.).

Cut-Off Date The concept of the cut-off date for eligibility is typically used for the non-titleholders, which is generally the date of commencement of the project census of affected persons within the project boundaries. Persons not covered at the time of census taking will not be eligible for claims of compensation entitlements.

Economic Displacement Refers to loss of land, assets, access to assets, income sources, or means of livelihoods as a result of this project.

Employees of Affected Businesses

Refers to persons employed in wage-based enterprises affected by this project.

Enterprise-based Non-land based economic undertaking that is not salaried/waged and associated with entrepreneurial ventures.

Entitlement Range of measures comprising compensation, income restoration support, transfer assistance, income substitution and relocation support which are due to affected people, depending on the nature and severity of their losses, to restore their economic and social base.

Formal Structure Refers to structures or improvements owned by APs who have legal right on the land where the structure is located and/or APs who have valid arrangement with the registered landowner. Used interchangeably with “legal structures” throughout this RAP.

Legal APs APs that have legal right to occupy the affected property. This may

include landowner, structure owners, rent-free occupants, caretakers, sharers, heirs/relatives with valid claim of ownership or legalizable arrangement with the registered property owner.

Household A social unit consisting of a person living alone or a group of persons who sleep in the same housing unit and have a common arrangement in the preparation and consumption of food.

Income Restoration Informal Settler Family (ISF) Informal Structure

Re-establishing income sources and livelihoods of APs to approximate or exceed the level it was before the development project. Households that do not have legal or legalizable right to own the land they occupy, homeless or do not own property anywhere else, and have a low-income as defined by this RAP. This may include structure owners and renters, rent-free occupants, caretakers, and sharers. Refers to any structure or improvement owned by APs who do not have legal or legalizable right to own or use the land where the structure is located.

Institutional Establishments Entities that provide government, education, and spiritual services.

Involuntary Resettlement Occurs when affected people do not have the right to refuse land acquisition and are displaced, which may result in long-term hardship and impoverishment as well as social stress.

Land Acquisition The process whereby a person is compelled to relinquish ownership, possession, control or use of all or part of their land, structures, or other assets to the project in exchange for cash or in-kind compensation. This includes land or assets for which the possessor or user enjoys customary or uncontested access but lacks legal title. For this project, compensation is based on replacement cost.

Low Income Family Non-Landowner Person/Family

Refers to family whose combined monthly income is below PhP40,000. Refers to affected persons who responded that they do not own the land during the socio-economic survey (SES). This includes structure owners (with or without permission from the landowner), renters, sharers, rent-free occupants and caretakers (in both formal and informal structures), regardless of income. They are also referred to as Informal Settler Families but for this document, non-landowner person/family is used.

Non-Resident Businesses Refers to enterprises whose owners do not reside in the same location of their enterprise.

Non-Resident Farm Owners and Farmers

Refers to farm owners and farmers who do not reside on the land they own and use, respectively, for farming.

Non-Resident Landowning

Affected Owners

Refers to owners of land who do not reside on land affected and to be acquired by this project.

Physical Displacement Relocation, loss of residential land, or loss of shelter as a result of this project.

PNR ROW Refers to the existing right-of-way owned by the Philippine National Railway (PNR).

Project ROW (PROW) Refers to the right-of-way of this project.

Project Affected Business Refers to all types of businesses regardless of scale whose normal operation will be affected by the project.

Project Affected Farms Refers to land-based economic activity whose normal operation will be affected severely or marginally by the project.

Public Structures Refers to facilities built, owned, and/or operated by the government (both national and local) used by and accessible to the public and funded from government sources.

Relocation Physical displacement of an AP from his/her pre-project place of residence and his/her transfer to another place.

Rental Subsidy Refers to a fixed amount of monetary assistance for temporary accommodation of AHs while awaiting for their movement/transfer to their choice of relocation.

Replacement Cost Amount of cash or kind needed to replace an asset (i.e., land, private structure, crops and trees, public structure, and common resource). Replacement cost calculation comprises these elements: (i) fair market value; (ii) transaction costs; (iii) interest accrued (if any), (iv) transitional and restoration costs (if any); and (v) other applicable payments (if any).

Resident Business Owners This refers to affected households who own business/enterprise located in their place of residence.

Resident Landowning Affected Households/Persons

Households who reside on project-affected land they claim to own.

Severely Affected Impacts caused by the project resulting in 10% or more of loss of productive resources and/or physical displacement, or if residual holdings are no longer economically viable.

Vulnerable groups Distinct groups of people who might suffer disproportionately or

face the risk of being marginalized by the effects of resettlement and specifically include: The project defines vulnerable persons as (i) underprivileged below national poverty line, (ii) households headed by senior citizens, (iii) solo parent-headed households, and (iv) households with members who are persons with disabilities.

This resettlement action plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................................... I GLOSSARY ...........................................................................................................................................IV LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................................V LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................IX EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................X I. CHAPTER 1: PROJECT DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................... 1

Background ................................................................................................................................. 1 Objective of Malolos-Clark Railway Project ................................................................................ 1 Scope of the Project .................................................................................................................... 2 Proximity to Ancestral Domain and Certificate of No-Overlap .................................................... 2 Project Components .................................................................................................................... 2

Main Railway Line (Malolos-Angeles) ..................................................................................... 2 Bridge ...................................................................................................................................... 9 Station ..................................................................................................................................... 9 Maintenance Base ................................................................................................................ 14 Substations ............................................................................................................................ 14 Utilities ................................................................................................................................... 14 Construction Yard, Borrow Pit, and Spoil Disposal Area ...................................................... 15

Comparison on Alternatives Without Project Option ................................................................. 15 ROW Alternative Option ............................................................................................................ 15

II. CHAPTER 2: SCOPE OF LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT .................................. 18 METHODOLOGY TO ASSESS IMPACTS ........................................................................................... 18 CUT-OFF DATE ............................................................................................................................ 18 OVERVIEW OF AFFECTED LAND AND RESETTLEMENT IMPACTS ....................................................... 20 SEVERITY OF IMPACTS ................................................................................................................. 21 AFFECTED LAND .......................................................................................................................... 23 AFFECTED STRUCTURES .............................................................................................................. 23 AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS ............................................................................................................. 24 AFFECTED TREES AND CROPS ..................................................................................................... 25

IMPACT ON LIVELIHOOD ................................................................................................................ 25 VULNERABILITY ........................................................................................................................... 27 LOSS OF INSTITUTIONAL, COMMUNITY PROPERTY AND PUBLIC FACILITIES ...................................... 27 IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH UTILITY RELOCATION ......................................................................... 28

III. CHAPTER 3: SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF AFFECTED PERSONS ................................. 30 A. Socio-Economic Survey Overview ........................................................................................ 30

1. Purpose of the survey ........................................................................................................... 30 2. Survey Methodology ............................................................................................................. 30 3. Schedule ............................................................................................................................... 31 4. Overview of the Survey Respondents ................................................................................... 31

B. Profile of Affected Resident Households ............................................................................. 31 1. Household Demographics ..................................................................................................... 31 2. Profile of Household Heads .................................................................................................. 34 3. Tenure Status of Affected Households ................................................................................. 35 4. Livelihood Profile and Living Standards ................................................................................ 36 5. Basic Household Amenities .................................................................................................. 43 6. History of Residency in the Area ........................................................................................... 45

C. Profile of Affected Businesses and Livelihoods Within the ROW ..................................... 48 1. Stand-Alone Businesses ....................................................................................................... 48 2. Home-Based Livelihood ........................................................................................................ 52

D. Profile of Affected Persons Engaging in Agriculture-Related Activities .......................... 53 1. Number of Affected Persons Engaging in Agriculture .......................................................... 53 2. Tenure Status of Affected Persons Engaging in Agriculture ................................................. 53 3. Farming Activity on Land ....................................................................................................... 54

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IV. CHAPTER 4: LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK ............................................................... 54 Policies and Guidelines Applied to the Project ......................................................................... 54 Philippine Legal Framework ...................................................................................................... 55 Executive/Administrative/Department Orders ........................................................................... 68 Relevant Manuals, Policies and Memorandum Circulars ......................................................... 70 JICA Policies on Involuntary Resettlement ............................................................................... 73 ADB Policy on Involuntary Resettlement and Indigenous Peoples .......................................... 74 Resettlement Policy Comparison .............................................................................................. 76 Fundamental Project Policy ...................................................................................................... 89

Cut-Off Date .............................................................................................................................. 91 Principle of Replacement Cost .................................................................................................. 92 Eligibility and Project Impacts ................................................................................................... 94 Loss of Access .......................................................................................................................... 97

V. CHAPTER 5: COMPENSATION AND ENTITLEMENT ............................................................... 98 Units of Entitlements ................................................................................................................. 98 Conditions ............................................................................................................................... 100 Persons Who Have Moved into the PROW After the Cut-off Date ......................................... 100 Modes of Acquisition ............................................................................................................... 100 Processes for Provisions of Compensation and Entitlements ................................................ 101 Process for Negotiated Sale ................................................................................................... 101 Process of Expropriation ......................................................................................................... 103 Required Documents for Payment of Compensation ............................................................. 104

Income Loss ............................................................................................................................ 105 Assistance to Obtain Necessary Documents .......................................................................... 106 Payment Schedule .................................................................................................................. 106

L. Entitlement Matrix ................................................................................................................... 107 VI. CHAPTER 6: RELOCATION AND RESETTLEMENT PLAN ................................................ 122

Non-Landowners ..................................................................................................................... 122 Beneficiaries of Relocation Assistance ............................................................................... 122 Consultations with Affected Households ............................................................................. 123 Resettlement Sites .............................................................................................................. 126 Summary of Activities/Findings: .......................................................................................... 134 Resettlement Assistance Options and Relocation Package ............................................... 135

Relocation Plan for Severely Affected Community, Institutional, and Government Structures and Establishments ......................................................................................................................... 143

VII. CHAPTER 7: PUBLIC CONSULTATION .............................................................................. 145 Principles for Consultation and Participation .......................................................................... 145 Project Stakeholders ............................................................................................................... 146 Consultation and Participation Mechanisms ........................................................................... 147 Consultation and Participation Mechanism Undertaken During Feasibility Study Phase ....... 149 Consultation and Participation Mechanism Undertaken During Detailed Design Phase........ 150

Information, Education and Communication Meetings ....................................................... 151 First Round of Stakeholder Consultation Meetings............................................................. 153 Second Round of Stakeholder Consultation Meetings ....................................................... 157 Focus Group Discussion with the Vulnerable Sector .......................................................... 165 Focus Group Discussion with the Business Sector ............................................................ 167

Consultation and Participation Mechanism During the Project Implementation Stage .......... 170 Community Validation ......................................................................................................... 170 Visit to Relocation Sites ...................................................................................................... 171 Consultation Through the Local Help Desk ........................................................................ 171 Final Orientation Prior to Relocation ................................................................................... 171 Consultation for the Livelihood Restoration and Improvement Program ............................ 171 Consultation for Civil Works ................................................................................................ 172 Stakeholder Consultation Meetings for Monitoring and Evaluation .................................... 172

Consultation and Participation Mechanism During the Post-Project Implementation Stage .. 172 Stakeholder Consultation Meeting ...................................................................................... 172 Focus Group Discussion ..................................................................................................... 172

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Information Disclosure ............................................................................................................ 172 Production and Distribution of Printed and Other Materials ................................................ 172 Online Disclosure of Project Information ............................................................................. 173 Media Release and Press Briefing ...................................................................................... 173 COVID-19 Health and Safety Measures for Physical Consultations .................................. 173 Disclosure of RAP Documents ............................................................................................ 176

VIII. CHAPTER 8: LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION AND IMPROVEMENT PLAN......................... 178 Objective of the Livelihood Restoration and Improvement Program ...................................... 178 Categories of Affected Persons with Affected Livelihood ....................................................... 178 Methodology for Developing the Program .............................................................................. 179

Livelihood Survey ................................................................................................................ 179 Focus Group Discussion ..................................................................................................... 179 Training Needs Assessment ............................................................................................... 179 Rapid Labor Market Assessment ........................................................................................ 181 Key Informant Interviews ..................................................................................................... 181

Proposed Livelihood Rehabilitation Measures ........................................................................ 182 Type of Livelihood Assistance................................................................................................. 185

Livelihood Assistance for Micro-Business Owners Engaged Directly in Farming .............. 186 Livelihood Assistance for Affected Business Owners ......................................................... 187 Livelihood Assistance for Affected Employees ................................................................... 191 Livelihood Assistance for Wage-Based APs ....................................................................... 193 Livelihood Assistance for Vulnerable Affected Persons ..................................................... 195

Implementation Arrangements ................................................................................................ 197 LRIP Budget Estimate ............................................................................................................. 199 Additional Risks During COVID-19 and Mitigating Measures ................................................. 202

IX. CHAPTER 9: GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM .............................................................. 204 Scope and Objective of the Grievance Redress Mechanism ................................................. 204 Principles Guiding the Grievance Redress Mechanism .......................................................... 204 DOTr's GRM Team ................................................................................................................. 204 Levels of the Grievance Redress Mechanism ........................................................................ 207 Grievance Redress Mechanism Procedure ............................................................................ 210 Grievance Communication Between GR Officer and APs ...................................................... 214 Status of GRM Set-up for MCRP ............................................................................................ 215 Information Dissemination ....................................................................................................... 216

Capacity Building of GR Officers............................................................................................. 218 Monitoring Reports on Grievance Redress ............................................................................. 220

X. CHAPTER 10: RAP IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS .................................................. 222 Department of Transportation ................................................................................................. 224

Technical Working Committee ............................................................................................ 224 Malolos Clark Railway Project`s Project Management Office ............................................. 225

Partner Institutions .................................................................................................................. 229 Project-Wide Partner Institutions......................................................................................... 229 Site-Specific (Local-Level) Partner Institutions ................................................................... 236

XI. CHAPTER 11: RAP IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE.............................................................. 246 Implementation Schedule of Construction .............................................................................. 246 Resettlement Action Plan Schedule ........................................................................................ 246 RAP Implementing Institutions ................................................................................................ 246 Relocation of Non-Landowner Affected Persons .................................................................... 247 Provision of Livelihood Restoration and Improvement Program ............................................. 249 Relocation of Utilities ............................................................................................................... 249 Monitoring of RAP Implementation ......................................................................................... 250 Arrangements for the RAP Implementation ............................................................................ 250

Information Dissemination and Consultation .......................................................................... 251 XII. CHAPTER 12: COST AND BUDGET FOR RESETTLEMENT AND ACQUISITION OF LAND ASSETS .............................................................................................................................................. 253

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Right-of-Way Acquisition ......................................................................................................... 256 Relocation Site Development .................................................................................................. 257 Resettlement Assistance ......................................................................................................... 257 Livelihood Assistance .............................................................................................................. 261 Non-Land Assets and Improvements ...................................................................................... 263 RAP Implementation and Monitoring ...................................................................................... 264 Fund for RAP Implementation ................................................................................................. 264

XIII. CHAPTER 13: MONITORING AND EVALUATION ............................................................... 265 Purpose of Monitoring and Evaluation on the Resettlement Action Plan ............................... 265 Institutional Arrangement ........................................................................................................ 265 Internal Monitoring .................................................................................................................. 265 External Monitoring ................................................................................................................. 266 Reporting ................................................................................................................................. 266 Monitoring Indicators ............................................................................................................... 269

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LIST OF TABLES

Table I-1: Sections of the Main Railway Line in Between Stations ......................................................... 3 Table I-2: List of Span Layout of Viaducts and Bridges at Major Crossings ........................................... 9 Table I-3: Station Location .................................................................................................................... 10 Table I-4: Station Type .......................................................................................................................... 13 Table I-5: Comparison of MCRP Structural Type ................................................................................. 16 Table II-1: Cut-off Date .......................................................................................................................... 19 Table II-2: Summary of Affected Households by Main Type of Loss .................................................... 20 Table II-3: Summary of Impacts ............................................................................................................ 21 Table II-4: Severity of Impacts .............................................................................................................. 22 Table II-5: Affected Total Project ROW Land Area (m2) ...................................................................... 23 Table II-6: Types of Affected Structures ............................................................................................... 23 Table II-7: Location of Affected Structures ............................................................................................ 24 Table II-8: Location of Households with Affected Residence ............................................................... 24 Table II-9: Tenure Status of Affected Households ................................................................................ 25 Table II-10: Type of Affected Crops and Trees ..................................................................................... 25 Table II-11: Resident Structure Owners Losing Trees and Crops ........................................................ 25 Table II-12: Impacts on Farming, Micro-business, and Employees ...................................................... 26 Table II-13: Type of Business Activities ................................................................................................ 26 Table II-14: Vulnerable Households ...................................................................................................... 27 Table II-15: Locations of Community Structures, Institutional and Government Facilities and

Establishments .............................................................................................................................. 28 Table II-16: List of Affected Community Property Facilities .................................................................. 28 Table III-1: Number of Affected Households and Members by Gender ................................................ 31 Table III-2: Age Distribution of Affected Household Members by Gender ............................................ 32 Table III-3: Educational Attainment of Affected Household Members .................................................. 32 Table III-4: Ethnolinguistic Affiliation of Affected Persons .................................................................... 33 Table III-5: Affected Households Requiring Special Assistance During Transfer ................................. 34 Table III-6: Vulnerable Affected Households/Groups ........................................................................... 34 Table III-7: Gender Distribution of Affected Household Heads by Age ................................................ 34 Table III-8: Gender Distribution of Affected Household Heads by Civil Status ..................................... 35 Table III-9: Structure Ownership of Affected Households ..................................................................... 35 Table III-10: Occupancy Arrangements of Non-owners of Structures .................................................. 36 Table III-11: Average Monthly Rental Rates ......................................................................................... 36 Table III-12: Number of Affected Households by Monthly Income Bracket (All Sources) .................... 37 Table III-13: Average Monthly Household Expenses ............................................................................ 37 Table III-14: Number of Affected Household Members by Primary Income Source ............................. 38 Table III-15: Location of Primary Household Income Source ............................................................... 39 Table III-16: Gender Distribution of Household Members Who’s Primary Income Sources Are

Enterprise-Based .......................................................................................................................... 39 Table III-17: Gender Distribution of Household Members Who’s Primary Income Sources Are Wage-

Based ............................................................................................................................................ 39 Table III-18: Number of Affected Persons Engaging in Primary Land-based Income Sources ............ 40 Table III-19: Number of Affected Household Members by Secondary Income Source ........................ 41 Table III-20: Location of Secondary Household Income Source .......................................................... 41 Table III-21: Gender Distribution of Household Members Whose Secondary Income Sources Are

Enterprise-Based .......................................................................................................................... 42 Table III-22: Gender Distribution of Household Members Whose Secondary Income Sources Are

Wage-Based.................................................................................................................................. 42 Table III-23: Access to Water (Multiple Responses) ............................................................................. 43 Table III-24: Access to Sanitation Facilities .......................................................................................... 44 Table III-25: Access to Electricity .......................................................................................................... 44 Table III-26: Cooking Facilities among Affected Households (Multiple Response) .............................. 44 Table III-27: Type of Residence ............................................................................................................ 45 Table III-28: Number of Years of Residence in Current Locations ....................................................... 45 Table III-29: Place of Previous Residence ............................................................................................ 46 Table III-30: Reason for Establishing Residence in Current Locations ................................................ 46 Table III-31: Number of Previously Relocated Households .................................................................. 46

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Table III-32: Reason for Returning to Current Locations (Multiple Response) ..................................... 47 Table III-33: Households Which Have Availed of Government Housing Programs.............................. 47 Table III-34: Gender Distribution of Business Owners .......................................................................... 48 Table III-35: Type of Business Ownership ............................................................................................ 48 Table III-36: Retention of Business Licenses or Permits ...................................................................... 49 Table III-37: Gender Distribution of Business Owners by Type of Business ........................................ 49 Table III-38: Length of Business Operation .......................................................................................... 49 Table III-39: Classification of Businesses and Enterprises ................................................................... 50 Table III-40: Number of Employees Receiving Average Monthly Income. ........................................... 50 Table III-41: Average Gross Monthly Income of Affected Businesses ................................................. 51 Table III-42: Average and Estimated Total Monthly Income of Businesses ......................................... 51 Table III-43: Tenure Status of Affected Business ................................................................................. 52 Table III-44: Home-Based Business ..................................................................................................... 52 Table III-45: Income from Home-Based Enterprises ............................................................................ 52 Table III-46: Number of APs with Rental Business by Gender ............................................................. 53 Table III-47: Number of Affected Persons Engaging in Agriculture Activities ....................................... 53 Table III-48: Tenure Status ................................................................................................................... 53 Table III-49: Farming Activity on Land .................................................................................................. 54 Table IV-1: List of Applicable Legal Framework ................................................................................... 55 Table IV-2: Price Ceiling for Socialized Subdivision Projects ............................................................... 70 Table IV-3: Price Ceiling for Socialized Condominium Projects ........................................................... 70 Table IV-4: Gap Analysis and Harmonized Involuntary Resettlement Policy ....................................... 77 Table IV-5: Categories of Business Enterprises ................................................................................... 96 Table V-1: Affected Persons Entitled to Livelihood Restoration Assistance ......................................... 99 Table V-2: Payment Schedule for Legal Property Owners ................................................................. 106 Table V-3: Entitlement Matrix .............................................................................................................. 108 Table VI-1: Number of Affected Households ...................................................................................... 122 Table VI-2: Vulnerable Households/Groups ....................................................................................... 123 Table VI-3: Affected Persons Requiring Special Assistance .............................................................. 123 Table VI-4: Preferences of Affected Households for Relocation Options ........................................... 124 Table VI-5: Location of Proposed Relocation Sites ............................................................................ 125 Table VI-6: Access to Public and Social Services from Relocation Sites ........................................... 125 Table VI-7: Access to Public and Social Services from Relocation Sites of Northville 8 (Barangay

Bangkal, Malolos City) ................................................................................................................ 127 Table VI-8: Access to Public and Social Services from Relocation Sites of Plaridel Ville located at

Barangay Sipat, Plaridel, Bulacan .............................................................................................. 129 Table VI-9: Access to Public and Social Services from Relocation Sites of Dr. Emigdio A. Bondoc Ville

Resettlement Project ................................................................................................................... 130 Table VI-10: Access to Public and Social Services from Relocation Sites of Northville 14 Expansion

Area ............................................................................................................................................. 131 Table VI-11: Access to Public and Social Services from Relocation Sites of Angeles Heights

resettlement Project .................................................................................................................... 133 Table VI-12: Eligibility for Assisted Resettlement Programs by Category of Affected Households .... 136 Table VI-13: Sample Computation on Monthly Amortization .............................................................. 138 Table VI-14: NHA`s Relocation Process and Timeline ....................................................................... 138 Table VII-1: Consultation and Participation Mechanisms ................................................................... 147 Table VII-2: Summary of Consultation and Participation During Feasibility Study Phase .................. 149 Table VII-3: Summary of IEC Meetings Conducted During Detailed Design Phase .......................... 151 Table VII-4: Issues and Concerns Raised During IEC Meetings of the Detailed Design Phase ........ 152 Table VII-5: Summary of First Stakeholder Consultation Meetings Conducted During Detailed Design

Phase .......................................................................................................................................... 154 Table VII-6: Issues and Concerns Raised During First SCMs of the Detailed Design Phase ............ 155 Table VII-7: Consultation Mechanisms Adopted for APs .................................................................... 159 Table VII-8: Summary of Second Stakeholder Consultation Meetings Conducted During Detailed

Design Phase .............................................................................................................................. 160 Table VII-9: Issues and Concerns Raised During Second SCMs of the Detailed Design Phase ....... 161 Table VII-10: Summary of Focus Group Discussions with the Vulnerable Sector.............................. 165 Table VII-11: Results from the Focus Group Discussions with the Vulnerable Sector ....................... 166 Table VII-12: Summary of Focus Group Discussions with the Business Sector ................................ 167 Table VII-13: Results from the Focus Group Discussions with the Business Sector ......................... 168

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Table VII-14: Summary of Second Round of FGDs with the Business Sector ................................... 170 Table VII-15: Main Findings Discovered During Second FGDs with the Business Sector ................. 170 Table VII-16: Materials Prepared and Distributed ............................................................................... 172 Table VII-17: Social Media Accounts for the Project .......................................................................... 173 Table VII-18: General Health and Safety Approach ........................................................................... 174 Table VII-19: Required Protective Approaches for Staff and Participants .......................................... 175 Table VII-20: Project COVID-19 Measures to Physical Public Consultations and Ground Surveys .. 175 Table VII-21: List of Disclosed Documents upon FS Completion ....................................................... 176 Table VII-22: Documents to be disclosed ........................................................................................... 177 Table VIII-1: Summary of TNA Conducted in Affected LGUs ............................................................. 180 Table VIII-2: Summary of TNA Conducted in Affected LGUs ............................................................. 180 Table VIII-3: Loan Assistance Available to APs .................................................................................. 181 Table VIII-4: Summary of Categories of APs, Proposed Livelihood Rehabilitation Measures and

Recommended Livelihood Assistance ........................................................................................ 182 Table VIII-5: Summary of LRIP Approach and Activities by Phase and Category of APs .................. 185 Table VIII-6: Type of Business and Number of Affected Business Owners ....................................... 188 Table VIII-7: Number of Affected Micro-Business Owners and Classifications .................................. 188 Table VIII-8: Number of APs Losing Income Due to Acquisition and Displacement .......................... 189 Table VIII-9: Available Training Programs and Courses Per LGU...................................................... 189 Table VIII-10: Government-issued Permits and their Fees ................................................................. 191 Table VIII-11: Number of Employees Receiving Average Monthly Income per LGU ......................... 191 Table VIII-12: Anticipated Project-Related Employment Opportunities .............................................. 192 Table VIII-13: List of Vocational Training Courses on Construction-Related Skills ............................ 192 Table VIII-15: Available Construction-Related Skills Training Programs and Courses under LGUs .. 193 Table VIII-15: Wage-Based APs by Location of Employment ............................................................ 194 Table VIII-16: NC II Vocational and Enterprise Training with Starter Kits .......................................... 195 Table VIII-17: Summary of Roles and Responsibilities of Concerned Agencies ................................ 198 Table VIII-18: Estimated LRIP Budget ................................................................................................ 199 Table IX-1: Levels of the Grievance Redress Mechanism .................................................................. 207 Table IX-2: Grievance Redress Mechanism Procedure ..................................................................... 211 Table IX-3: Methods for Communications with Affected Persons....................................................... 214 Table IX-4 Status of the Local Help Desk and the Local GRM Team (as of May 2020) .................... 215 Table IX-5 Composition of the Central GRM Team (as of May 2020) ................................................ 216 Table IX-6: Methodology for GRM-Related Information Dissemination .............................................. 217 Table IX-7 Summary Information of GRM Trainings ........................................................................... 219 Table IX-8: Summary Records for the GR Iteration Workshop ........................................................... 219 Table X-1: Implementing Units and Coordinating Bodies ................................................................... 222 Table X-2: Composition of the Technical Working Committee ........................................................... 225 Table X-3: Planned Composition of the MCRP PMO (as of 15 May 2019) ........................................ 228 Table X-4: Composition and Member Agencies of the Project Inter-Agency Committee ................... 229 Table X-5: Roles and Responsibilities of PIAC Members ................................................................... 230 Table X-6: Composition of the Technical Working Group ................................................................... 231 Table X-7: Composition of the RIMC .................................................................................................. 237 Table X-8: Roles and Responsibilities of RIMC Members .................................................................. 238 Table X-9: Roles and Responsibilities of the RIMC`s Sub-Committees ............................................. 240 Table X-10: Composition of the LIAC ................................................................................................. 243 Table XII-1: Estimated RAP Implementation Cost .............................................................................. 253 Table XII-2: Cost of Relocation Site and Rental Facility Development ............................................... 257 Table XII-3: Cost of Rental Subsidy .................................................................................................... 257 Table XII-4: Cost of Connection of Utilities ......................................................................................... 258 Table XII-5: Cost of Transportation Assistance .................................................................................. 259 Table XII-6: Cost of Transportation Assistance for Dismantled Structures ........................................ 260 Table XII-7: Cost of Food Assistance ................................................................................................. 260 Table XII-8: Cost for Inconvenience Allowance .................................................................................. 261 Table XII-9: Cost for Special Assistance ............................................................................................. 261 Table XII-10: Compensation for Income Loss of Enterprises ............................................................. 261 Table XII-11: Compensation for Income Loss of Displaced Employees ............................................. 262 Table XII-12: Rental Subsidy for Business Enterprise ........................................................................ 262 Table XII-13: Transportation Assistance for Businesses .................................................................... 263 Table XII-14: Compensation for Fruit-Bearing and Timber Trees and Other Plants .......................... 263

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Table XII-15: Cost for Information Disclosure ..................................................................................... 264 Table XIII-1: Monitoring Reports ......................................................................................................... 267 Table XIII-2: Internal Monitoring Indicators ......................................................................................... 269 Table XIII-3: Guide Questions for Internal Monitoring ........................................................................ 273 Table XIII-4: External Monitoring Indicators ........................................................................................ 276 Table XIII-5: Guide Questions for External Monitoring ....................................................................... 279

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure I-1: Project ROW in Malolos ........................................................................................................ 4 Figure I-2: Project ROW in Calumpit ....................................................................................................... 4 Figure I-3: Project ROW in Apalit ............................................................................................................ 5 Figure I-4: Project ROW in Minalin ......................................................................................................... 5 Figure I-5: Project ROW in Sto. Tomas .................................................................................................. 6 Figure I-6: Project ROW in San Fernando .............................................................................................. 6 Figure I-7: Project ROW in Angeles ........................................................................................................ 7 Figure I-8: Viaduct Structure for Typical Section .................................................................................... 8 Figure I-9: Perspective of Typical Viaduct Structure ............................................................................... 8 Figure I-10: Location of Calumpit Station .............................................................................................. 10 Figure I-11: Location of Apalit Station ................................................................................................... 11 Figure I-12: Location of San Fernando Station ..................................................................................... 12 Figure I-13: Location of Angeles Station ............................................................................................... 13 Figure I-14: Cross-section of Calumpit, San Fernando, Angeles Stations ........................................... 14 Figure I-15: Cross-section of Apalit Station .......................................................................................... 14 Figure V-1: DOTr Land Acquisition Swimlane .................................................................................... 102 Figure VI-1: Site Development Plan of Northville 8 (Barangay Bangkal, Malolos City) ...................... 126 Figure VI-2: Public facilities at Northville 8 (Barangay Bangkal, Malolos City) ................................... 127 Figure VI-3: Site Development Plan of Plaridel Ville (Brgy Sipat, Plaridel, Bulacan) ......................... 128 Figure VI-4: Public facilities at Plaridel Ville located at Barangay Sipat, Plaridel, Bulacan ................ 129 Figure VI-5: Site Development Plan of Dr. Emigdio A. Bondoc Ville Resettlement Project ............... 130 Figure VI-6: Public facilities at Dr. Emigdio A. Bondoc Ville Resettlement Project ............................. 131 Figure VI-7: Site Development Plan of Northville 14 Expansion Area (Barangay. Calulut, San

Fernando, Pampanga) ................................................................................................................ 131 Figure VI-8: Public facilities at Northville 14 Expansion Area (Barangay. Calulut, San Fernando,

Pampanga) .................................................................................................................................. 132 Figure VI-9: Site Development Plan of Angeles Heights resettlement Project at Barangay Sapa-

Libutad Angeles City, Pampanga) .............................................................................................. 133 Figure VI-10: Public facilities at Angeles Heights resettlement Project at Barangay Sapa-Libutad

Angeles City, Pampanga) ........................................................................................................... 134 Figure VI-11: Steps on Relocation Site Development through the NHA’s CBIA ................................ 137 Figure VI-12: NHA`s Typical House Design ........................................................................................ 141 Figure VIII-1: Phases of LRIP Implementation.................................................................................... 185 Figure X-1: RAP Implementation Structure (as of February 2020) ..................................................... 223 Figure X-2: Planned Structure of the MCRP PMO (as of 15 May 2019) ............................................ 228 Figure X-3: Composition and Structure of the RIMC (as of February 2020) ...................................... 242 Figure XI-1: RAP Implementation Schedule ....................................................................................... 252

LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 1: Non-Landowner (NLO) Masterlist Appendix 2: Certificate of Non-Overlap (CNO) Issued by the National Commission on Indigenous

Peoples (NCIP) Appendix 3: Methodology of Replacement Cost Study (RCS) Appendix 4: Sample Offer to Compensate (OTC) Appendix 5: Sample Agreement to Demolish and Remove Improvements (ADRI) Appendix 6: Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with the National Housing Authority (NHA) Appendix 7: COVID-19 Health and Safety Protocols Appendix 8: Draft Terms of Reference (TOR) for External Monitoring Agent (EMA) Appendix 9: Draft Quarterly Monitoring Form Appendix 10: Communication Materials/Public Information Brochure

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Government of the Philippines (GoP) requested the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in the provision of financial assistance to the Malolos Clark Railway Project (MCRP) also known as North-South Commuter Railway Extension Project (NSCR-Ex). The MCRP consists of the Cities and Municipalities of Manila, Bulacan and Pampanga Provinces. This Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) has been prepared specifically for the project affected City of Malolos and Municipality of Calumpit in the Province of Bulacan, Municipalities of Minalin, Sto. Tomas, Apalit, and the Cities of San Fernando and Angeles in the Province of Pampanga.1 The purpose of this RAP is to identify all impacts associated with the clearance of Project right-of-way (ROW) involving Non-Landowners residing within PNR existing Right-of-Way. This RAP will also assess the socio-economic context of affected people in the area and present agreed measures to fully mitigate impacts within a time-bound plan.

Malolos Clark Railway Project (MCRP) comprises the Malolos to Clark section and the Blumentritt Extension. The 51.4 km Malolos to Clark section commences at the City of Malolos, passing through the Municipality of Calumpit in the Province of Bulacan, and the Municipalities of Apalit, Minalin and Sto. Tomas in the Province of Pampanga, and Cities of San Fernando, Angeles and Mabalacat until the alignment reaches inside the Clark International Airport (CIA) complex, all in the Province of Pampanga. The length of the MCRP will be comprising a 51.4 km long main line with 47.84 km of viaducts, 0.64 km of embankment and at-grade and 2.94 km of underground, and a 1.2 km at grade spur line to the depot. There will be six stations, one depot with an Operations Control Center, 13 bridge crossings and substations. Location of the construction yards and disposal areas will be determined by the contractor.

The required land for this project will be provided by the Philippine National Railways (PNR), the state agency with its ROW and a number of identified national government agencies (NGAs) through the government’s inter-departmental land transfer procedure. While there will be private lands to be acquired when the land owned by the PNR and GoP is smaller than the required project ROW (PROW), this RAP does not cover the acquisition of private lands. Instead, the issue of acquisition of private land is addressed by another RAP for landowners for the same section of this project.

The entire project is categorized as A for ADB’s involuntary resettlement safeguards. Five separate RAPs will be prepared for the project: (i) Mabalacat City, (ii) two for Solis-Blumentritt in Manila City, (iii) Malolos-Angeles land acquisition, and (iv) Malolos-Angeles PNR ROW clearing RAP. This RAP focuses on impacts to non-landowners occupying the existing PNR ROW, other government lands as well as non-landowner residents occupying private lands that were acquired under the LO RAP.

Project Land Requirement and Resettlement Impacts. Overall, MCRP will utilize existing Philippine National Railways (PNR) ROW, as well as acquire additional parcels of land in areas where the width of the PNR ROW is less than 30 m, and at station locations, which require 60-m width or more. Involuntary resettlement impacts will be a result of the acquisition of land for stations, the depot and widening of the ROW. Some sections between Apalit and Angeles will be realigned due to technical reasons. Land acquisition for the realignment and new alignment sections is mostly agricultural land and will be covered in the RAP for landowners.

1 Covering works packages N-01, N-02, and N-03.

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This RAP will cover the City of Malolos and Municipality of Calumpit in the Province of Bulacan, the Municipalities of Minalin, Sto. Tomas and Apalit and in the Cities of San Fernando and Angeles in the Province of Pampanga. Impacts will include full or partial displacement of a total of 2,744 non landowners.

The affected households (AHs) and affected persons (APs) will experience impacts with loss of residence, business, and/or other livelihood sources. There is a total of 2,977 affected households. Of these, there are 2,744 households (11,238 persons) who will be displaced from their residences. Impacts on livelihoods included in the total number of AHs are 104 displaced stand-alone businesses (including 2 farmers), 291 households losing businesses they operate from their affected residences, 147 households earning income from renting out space in their affected residences that they occupy, 129 displaced employees of affected businesses and 292 wage earning persons who will experience significantly longer commuting times to their places of employment after relocation to a resettlement site. There are 1,288 vulnerable households affected by the project composed of 328 households headed by the elderly, 286 solo parents with dependents, 607 AHs earning income below the poverty threshold, and 67 households with family member who is a person with disability (PWD). All APs who will experience loss of assets and income are entitled to compensation and assistance described in the Entitlement Matrix (EM) aimed at restoring, if not improving, their living standards.

There are no Indigenous Peoples (IPs) in the project area nor is it anticipated that land in ancestral domain areas will be acquired. Notwithstanding, as per the requirement of the Philippines Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA), the Project obtained certificate of non-overlap from the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) for the proposed depot area in September 2018 since it is located close to an ancestral domain land.

Social Safeguards Policy Principles for the Project. The RAP follows ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) of 2009, JICA Guidelines (2010) and relevant Philippine laws and procedures. DOTr, the Executing Agency (EA) for the Project will uphold the IR policy principles for the Project as set out in this RAP.

Affected Persons and Eligibility. The cut-off-date of eligibility for the project was set between February to December 2018 except for one barangay in Angeles (July 10, 2019) and another barangay in San Fernando (July 25, 2019).

Compensation and Entitlements. Compensation at replacement cost will be provided to all APs/AHs losing assets and income due to Project ROW clearing for the project. Other forms of transitional and restorative assistance will also be provided to achieve the RAP objectives of restoring, if not improving, living standards. Details of eligibility and entitlements are set out in the Entitlement Matrix in the RAP. The DOTr will work closely with the Local Government Units (LGUs), the National Housing Authority (NHA), the Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development (DHSUD) and other stakeholder/partner agencies in the implementation of the ROW clearing work, resettlement and the allocation of compensation and entitlements in accordance with the Entitlement Matrix (EM).

Relocation Assistance. Relocation assistance will be provided to the 2,744 AHs covered under this RAP. Two options shall be offered to the AHs namely: assisted relocation and self-relocation options. The assisted relocation entails the provision of permanent housing in the relocation sites through the Community-based Initiative Approach (CBIA) program of NHA.

Livelihood Restoration and Improvement Program. The DOTr will implement the livelihood improvement and restoration program (LRIP) in partnership with the cities and municipalities of Malolos to Angeles covered by the MCRP and national and regional

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government agencies in Region 3. The approach involves short and immediate and long-term interventions appropriate to the needs of AHs/APs and is gender-responsive. The APs/AHs engaged in livestock and pet birds farming and other micro-business activities will be assisted in re-establishing their businesses. APs will be encouraged and assisted in setting up alternative businesses if present business activities are not feasible in their relocation sites. Technical assistance and access to soft loans for start-ups will be also provided. Affected wage-based employees will be assisted for job placement under construction activities of the project. The LGUs` provision of basic and advanced skills training programs and pre-employment assistance for APs is also set out in this project. In a long term, APs/AHs who/which are transferring to relocation sites will be provided with cash compensation and other special assistance in re-establishing their livelihood upon final transfer. The Sub-Committee on Livelihood Restoration under the RAP Implementation and Management Committees (RIMC) at the LGU will oversee and monitor the LRIP implementation.

Grievance Redress Mechanism. The project level Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) outlines the procedures in which grievances are accepted, assessed, and resolved, and includes three levels of grievance redress for complaints concerning the project and the RAP implementation. Notwithstanding, APs may seek redress through the country’s judicial system at any time, which is not a part of the GRM. The GRM has been developed in accordance with JICA Guidelines (2010) and ADB SPS (2009) and aims to reduce impacts and risks of the project and promote mutually constructive and trust-based relationships with affected people. The GRM was established during RAP preparation and the Help Desks have been set up in all LGUs. The Help Desk is managed by DOTr Grievance Redress (GR) Officer together with LGU designated GRM Focal Person.

Institutional Arrangements. DOTr is both the Executing Agency (EA) and Implementing Agency (IA) of the Project. Other key institutional stakeholders include Philippine National Railways (PNR),) Department of Human Settlement and Urban Development (DHSUD), National Housing Authority (NHA), and the LGUs. A Project Inter Agency Committee (PIAC) composed of related National Government Agencies (NGAs) will provide policy support and resources to speed up the implementation of the RAP. The MCRP Project Management Office (PMO) under the DOTr - Office of the Undersecretary for Railways is the epicenter in carrying out the RAP implementation particularly in the acquisition and clearing of Right-of-Way (ROW). The MCRP PMO is organized to oversee all technical and administrative concerns of the Project and monitor activities related to RAP implementation.

Implementation Schedule. The construction for this section of MCRP is expected to start in August 2020. Upon approval of this updated RAP, contracts can be awarded, and civil works may commence on areas that are free and clear2 of impacts. The Implementation Schedule provides details on the steps and process to update the RAP, relocation procedures, creation of implementing institutions, Livelihood Restoration and Improvement Program (LRIP), and monitoring of the RAP implementation. This schedule was updated during the Detailed Design (DD) Phase.

Budget and Financing. The total cost for the implementation of the RAP for non-landowners in the Malolos Clark Section of the MCRP is estimated at PhP 3,156,066,966. The budget covers costs to pay for the acquisition of main and associated structures and improvements, development of resettlement sites, relocation assistance, livelihood assistance, compensation for crops and trees, the GRM implementation, and overall RAP implementation and monitoring (including administrative costs and a 10% contingency).

2 Free and clear land is defined as land without project affected persons, compensable structures, improvements, trees, crops and utilities and other impacts to which persons are eligible for compensation and assistance.

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Monitoring. There will be two types of monitoring for this RAP: internal and external monitoring. DOTr is conducting monthly, quarterly, and semi-annual monitoring of the resettlement activities and submits quarterly and semi-annual monitoring and evaluation reports to JICA and ADB. To ensure compliance, the services of an External Monitoring Agent (EMA) is being procured by the DOTr to provide an independent periodic review and assessment of the implementation of the RAP. Disclosure of monitoring reports will be made upon submission to JICA and ADB through the JICA, ADB and DOTr websites. Preparation of monthly and quarterly monitoring reports starts from the commencement of RAP validation until completion of payment of compensation, whereas semi-annual monitoring and evaluation reports will be carried out for the duration of the project until the end of the loan closing. Post-completion and evaluation reports as well as a final report will also be prepared.

Consultation, Participation, and Disclosure. Meaningful consultations have been conducted to ensure that issues, concerns, and voices raised from AHs/APs are incorporated into the project preparation process. Information, education, and communication (IEC) meetings with the LGUs concerned were conducted to disclose initial information about the project, prior to any RAP-related activities. Suggestions and inputs from APs were noted, and their issues and concerns were considered particularly concerning timely disbursement of compensation, timing of transfer, and completion schedule of housing units at the relocation sites. Stakeholder consultation meetings (SCMs) were held with APs during the feasibility study (FS) and DD phases. Two rounds of SCMs were conducted during the FS phase, and two rounds during the DD phase. During the first round of SCMs at the DD RAP phase, the DOTr disclosed updates on the project and information on RAP activities and arranged an open forum. During the second round of SCMs, the DOTr disclosed information through a blended mode of engagement in compliance with national and local safety protocols to reduce the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. The blended mode of communications with AHs reinforced the DOTr’s objective in disclosing information on the compensation package, relocation sites for Bulacan and Pampanga Provinces, and LRIP implementation. The small face-to-face meetings provided an open forum, the distribution of project information brochures (PIBs) attached with a feedback form supported disclosure activities and collected feedback from APs. Follow-up calls to some community leaders and APs were also conducted. A supplementary survey and focus group discussions (FGDs) were also undertaken to substantiate the data gathered through the SES with affected business sectors and vulnerable groups. Health and safety measures are being applied to consultation activities in this time of COVID-19 pandemic. This RAP will also be accessible to the public through JICA, ADB, and DOTr websites.

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I. CHAPTER 1: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

This Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) covers Non-Landowner households who will be affected by the Project in the City of Malolos and Municipality of Calumpit in the Province of Bulacan and in the Municipalities of Minalin, Sto. Tomas and Apalit and in the Cities of San Fernando and Angeles all in the Province of Pampanga for the Malolos-Clark Railway Project (MCRP), also known as the North-South Commuter Railway Extension Project (NSCR-Ex or Clark Extension). Another RAP covers land acquisition outside the existing PNR ROW including resident and non-resident landowners and business owners and non-resident farm owners/operators. Lastly, as the MCRP also covers the Solis to Blumentritt section in the south, there will be two RAPs for this section also covering landowners and non-landowners.

Background

The project will contribute to the sustainable development of Metro Manila and the fast-growing urban areas in and near Clark, while also improving connectivity to the CIA. The population of Metro Manila3 increased by 1.5 times from 8.0 million in 1990 to 12.8 million in 2015.4 With a population density of 20,000 per km2, Metro Manila is home to about 13% of the population of the Philippines and the main economic center contributing 38% to the country’s GDP.

Severe traffic congestion and environmental degradation characterize Metro Manila, particularly at city centers where high density development continues. Urban sprawl has spilled over to surrounding northern and southern provinces located within daily commuting distance. With increasing private vehicle ownership, congestion is expected to worsen, further increasing travel times of public commuters.

The planning and implementation of the MCRP is a financing assistance by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) through a Multi-tranche Finance Facility (MFF) covering 51.4 km of railway line from Malolos to Clark International Airport (CIA), with a 1.2 km spur line to the depot site, which starts about 4 km past Clark Station, the Gil Puyat Avenue depot in Mabalacat and the Blumentritt extension in the City of Manila. The Project also includes construction of seven stations, one station in the Province of Bulacan, five stations in the Province of Pampanga and Blumentritt Station in the City of Manila.

The Feasibility Study (FS) Phase of this Project was conducted from December 2017 to August 2018, and the Detailed Design (DD) Phase started in September 2018 and completed in February 2020. The GoP signed a Loan Agreement with JICA in January 2019 and with ADB in July 2019.

Objective of Malolos-Clark Railway Project

The MCRP is one of the government’s efforts to promote inclusive growth and improve the transport and logistics services to currently underserved areas in the country. Starting from the center of Metro Manila to the nearby areas in North Luzon, the MCRP is expected to ease the traffic congestion on existing national and local roads along the railway’s route while accelerating economic growth and expansion along the project’s influence areas.

3 Officially the National Capital Region (NCR), a metropolitan area comprised of 16 independent cities which include the City of Manila, Quezon City, Caloocan City, Las Pinas City, Makati City, Malabon City, Mandaluyong City, Marikina City, Muntinlupa City, Navotas City, Paranaque City, Pasay City, Pasig City, San Juan, Taguig City, Valenzuela City and one (1) municipality that is Pateros. 4 Philippines Statistic Authority (PSA), 2015 Census of Population.

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The MCRP will provide a high standard suburban commuter rail from Malolos to Clark with the line commencing at the city of Malolos, passing through the municipality of Calumpit, both in the province of Bulacan, the municipalities of Apalit, Minalin, and Sto. Tomas, and cities of San Fernando, Angeles and Mabalacat, until the alignment reaches inside the CIA complex, all in the Province of Pampanga. MCRP also includes a section for Solis to Blumentritt in the City of Manila.

The MCRP will offer two types of train operations from Metro Manila to Clark International Airport, the commuter train with a maximum speed of 120 km/h and the airport express train services with a speed of 160 km/h to better serve the public commuters as well as those with travel itineraries using the CIA.

Scope of the Project

This portion of the RAP requires the clearing of a total of existing 86.6 ha of PNR land for the PROW in the cities/municipalities of Malolos and Calumpit in the Province of Bulacan and in the cities/municipalities of Apalit, Minalin, Sto. Tomas, San Fernando, and Angeles in the Province of Pampanga.

This RAP is based on the detailed engineering design for the project works and covers clearing of land inside of the existing PNR ROW for the mainline ROW and new stations. Land required for depot in Mabalacat and new spur line to the depot is covered under the separate Mabalacat City RAP for MCRP. Affected Persons outside PNR ROW are covered under a separate RAP.

Proximity to Ancestral Domain and Certificate of No-Overlap

A Certificate of No-Overlap (CNO) was issued on September 19, 2018 by the National Commission for Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) to confirm that entire MCRP project area has no-overlap with the ancestral domain (with Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title No. 025-A) which is near the proposed depot of the project. This was the result of the Field Based Investigation (FBI) conducted by NCIP on 29 August 2018 (Appendix 2).

Project Components

The MCRP will have the following components: main railway line; viaduct/bridge crossings (rivers/highways); embankment at-grade; underground; depot, workshops and Operations Control Center (OCC); seven stations and related facilities; substations; drainage; maintenance base; construction yards (offices, laboratory, worker’s quarter, warehouse, fabrication yard, batching plant and segment casting yard); borrow pit/spoil disposal areas.

In the section covered by this RAP, the following project components are included: part of the main railway line; viaduct/bridge crossings (rivers/highways); maintenance bases; four stations (Calumpit, Apalit, San Fernando and Angeles) and related facilities; substations; and drainages, construction yards and spoils disposal facilities. The remainder of the chapter below provides details on the key works covered in the section covered by this RAP.

Main Railway Line (Malolos-Angeles)

The alignment covered by this RAP is 43.9 km long from Malolos to the border of Mabalacat City. The required ROW width of the railway track is 30 m all along the alignment. The track will consist of continuously welded rails that are directly fastened with elastic clips onto the track for the viaduct or bridge sections. Table I-1 provides further details on the 43.9-kilometer section covered by this RAP. The MCRP alignment per LGU is shown in Figure I-1 to Figure I-9.

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Table I-1: Sections of the Main Railway Line in Between Stations Section Description

Malolos to Calumpit

This section starts from the end of the elevated Malolos Station of the NSCR. There will be two tracks for the entire length. The alignment requires a 30m ROW. There are residences between PNR ROW and MacArthur Highway running parallel on the east. On the west are also houses, while vacant area is dominant.

Calumpit to Apalit

This section features viaducts on a 30m wide ROW. The alignment is in a rural area except for some residential complexes around Calumpit Station and Apalit River. After passing Apalit River, where MacArthur Highway which is on embankment structure is close to PNR ROW, the alignment was shifted westward and passes outside PNR ROW, to minimize the interference to the highway embankment.

Apalit to San Fernando

This section features viaducts on 30m wide ROW. This section passes in a rural area and there are no substantial obstructive buildings except for the urban area beyond San Fernando Station. To avoid speed limit, a larger radius was considered in the curved alignment, taking a shortcut inward across the existing PNR ROW, creating additional land acquisition requirements.

San Fernando to Angeles

This section is located in residential areas and passes through some densely populated segments. The width of PNR ROW in this section is approximately 13m only, which requires additional land acquisition. Considering surroundings such as residence, the additional land will be acquired to the west in the north of this section.

Angeles to Mabalacat City border

This section is located in a dense residential area, and the width of the existing PNR ROW is not wide enough, requiring additional land acquisition beside the alignment. The existing railway land at the south of the Mabalacat City borders is narrow. This location is surrounded by the Manuel A. Roxas Highway at north, hotels at west and dense residential area at east. Since the width of ROW is 10m only, the land acquisition is required to secure the required 30m width of ROW. The alignment affects the Santa Maria elementary school at east of the route, and the school is to be relocated within the same Barangay.

Source: JICA Design Team (JDT)

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Figure I-1: Project ROW in Malolos

Source: JICA Design Team

Figure I-2: Project ROW in Calumpit

Source: JICA Design Team

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Figure I-3: Project ROW in Apalit

Source: JICA Design Team

Figure I-4: Project ROW in Minalin

Source: JICA Design Team

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Figure I-5: Project ROW in Sto. Tomas

Source: JICA Design Team

Figure I-6: Project ROW in San Fernando

Source: JICA Design Team

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Figure I-7: Project ROW in Angeles

Source: JICA Design Team

Most of the MCRP will be constructed on viaducts, and PC girder will be used. The viaduct has a typical 40 m span layout and approximately 10.30 m wide super structure. The typical viaduct structure is shown in Figure I-8 and Figure I-9.

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Figure I-8: Viaduct Structure for Typical Section

Source: JICA Design Team

Figure I-9: Perspective of Typical Viaduct Structure

Source: JDT

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Bridge

Where crossings exceed the length of typical viaducts of 40 m, bridges will be built within the 30-meter ROW to cross rivers and infr