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8/12/2019 Malnutrition in Children_Vietnamese 042013
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MALNUTRITIONIN CHILDREN
DIANE TRUONG, MD FAAP
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MALNUTRITION IN CHILDREN
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DEFINITION
Malnutrition:condition when thebody does not get theright amount of
nutrients it needs tomaintain healthytissues and organfunction
Overnutrition: obesity Undernutrition:
wasting
Suy Dinh Dng: Cthkhng tip nhnc lng dinhdng cn thit duy
tr hot ng ca tbov cquan
Dtha dinh dng :
bnh m
p ph Thiu km dinh dng:
gy yu
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PREVALENCE
About 1% of childrenin the United Statessuffer from chronicmalnutrition
50% of children insoutheast Asia
About two-thirds ofall the malnourishedchildren in the worldare in Asia, withanother one-fourth inAfrica
Khong 1% trem tiHoa Kbsuy dinhdng mn tnh
50% trem ti ngNam
Khong 2/3 tremsuy dinh dng trnthgii sng ti Chu v sng tiPhi Chu.
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ETIOLOGY
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Immediate causes: disease
Gastrointestinal disease Heart disease Lung disease Renal disease
Uncontrolled diabetesmellitus Tuberculosis Rheumatologic disease Infections (esp parasites) Malabsorption Poor dentition Trauma/Surgery
Bnh ng rut Bnh tim Bnh phi Bnh thn
Bnh tiu ng khngc iu tr Bnh Lao Bnh vim khp xng Bnh truyn nhim (k
sinh trng) Suy chc nnghp th au/su rng Thng tch / phc hi sau
phu thut
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Immediate causes:
inadequate food intake
Macronutrients:nutrients that providecalories or energy
Carbohydrates- provide
glucose to the brain andenergy to muscles Protein--necessary for
children to grow, 10-30% of diet in protein
Fat- build nerve tissueand hormones
Dinh Dng : thcphm mang li ngunnnglng cho cth
Tinh bt: tip tng
glucose cho no vnnglng cho bp tht Cht m: cn thit cho
stngtrng ca trem, cn 10-30% cht
m trong thc n Cht bo : gip cthxy dng bthn kinhv sn xut ni tit t
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Immediate causes:
inadequate food intake
Micronutrients:vitamins andminerals that is
essential in minuteamount for growthand development
Hidden hunger:iron, vitamin Aiodine and zinc
Vi cht dinh dng:slng sinh tvkhong cht cn
thit cho s
tngtrng ca cth.
Nn ithm lng:
thiu cht st, sinhtA, iodine v chtkm
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WHY DO WE CARE?
Anemia Goiter Rickets
Spinal curvature Visual deficits Scurvy Dermatitis
Mental deficiencies Developmental
delays Death
Thiu mu Bu c Bnh ci xng
Cong x
ng s
ng Suy thlc Scurvy (thiu sinh t
C) Lda n n Chm pht trin Cht
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MALNUTRITION
Kwashiorkor: causedby chronic lack ofprotein in the diet.Stunted growth with
bloated bellies andfeet. Marasmus: caused by
severe protein ANDcalorie deficit. Severe
thinning of entirebody (skin and bones)
Kwashiorkor: dothiu cht m trongthc n. Tremkhng ln ni, phnh
bng, sng tay, sngchn Marasmus (gy m):
do thiu ntrmtrng vccht m
v nnglng. Cthn hnh gy m dabc xng
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ASSESSMENT TOOLS
Mid Upper ArmCircumference (MUAC)
measuring tape
World Health
Organization (WHO)
standard graphs
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Height for agestunting
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Stunting: short for age
Source:United Nations Childrens Fund, World Health Organization, The World Bank, UNICEF -WHO-World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition
Estimates, 2011 revision (completed July 2012).
26% of children in the world are stunted
1 in 2 in Asia
Caused by poor prenatal care and poor nutrition, just poor
In children younger than 2 yrs of age
Irreversible
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Weight for height--wasting
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Wasting: severe weight loss
Source:United Nations Childrens Fund, World Health Organization, The World Bank, UNICEF -WHO-World Bank Joint Child MalnutritionEstimates, 2011 revision (completed July 2012).
8% of children in the world are wasted
1 in 6 in South Asia
Substantial risk of death
Requires intensive in hospital therapy
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Weight for age--underweight
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Underweight: skinny for age
Source:United Nations Childrens Fund, World Health Organization, The World Bank, UNICEF-WHO-World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates, 2011revision (completed July 2012).
16% of children in the world are underweight
1 in 3 in South Asia
Caused by poor nutrition intake
reversible
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TREATMENT
address underlyingdisease
Vitamin and mineralsupplements
Parasitic infectiontreatment Most important:EDUCATION
Be patient,encouraging andnonjudgmental
iu trnhng bnhtt tin khi
Bsung sinh tvkhong cht trong
thc n iu trbnh k sinh
trng Quan trng nht :
H
NG D
N Cn phi kin nhn,ng hv khng chtrch
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