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Malaysian Institute of Economic Research
Dr Shankaran Nambiar
Malaysian Institute of Economic Research
Malaysia: Building an Economy
for the Future
Malaysian Institute of Economic Research
Outline
Introduction
Indicators and trends
Preparing for the future
Malaysian Institute of Economic Research
GDP Per Capita
-
5,000.0
10,000.0
15,000.0
20,000.0
25,000.0
30,000.0
35,000.0
40,000.0
45,000.0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2020
28,732.5 29,761.2 30,913.6
31,932.5 33,458.0
34,842.6
43,558.6
RM
Malaysian Institute of Economic Research
GNI Per Capita
-
10,000.0
20,000.0
30,000.0
40,000.0
50,000.0
60,000.0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2020
27,819.0 30,629.0 31,698.0
32,921.0 35,334.0
37,088.5
54,890.0
RM
Malaysian Institute of Economic Research
High-Income Economies
y = 239.02x + 6330.6 R² = 0.9526
y = 13.807x2 - 106.3x + 2771 R² = 0.9803
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
20
17
20
18
20
19
20
20
US
$
Year
Treshold Malaysia Linear (Treshold) Poly. (Malaysia)
Malaysian Institute of Economic Research
y = 0.6187x4 + 14.271x3 - 286.74x2 + 2066.8x + 2230.6 R² = 0.9986
y = 1321.7e0.1335x R² = 0.9889
y = 508.23e0.1378x R² = 0.9906
0.0
5000.0
10000.0
15000.0
20000.0
25000.0
30000.0
35000.0
1992 1995 1997 1999 2002 2004 2007 2009 2012 2014 2017 2019 2022
Year
Mean Monthly Gross Household Income of Top 20%, Middle 40% and Bottom 40%
T20 M40 B40 Poly. (T20) Expon. (M40) Expon. (B40)
Gross Household Income
Malaysian Institute of Economic Research
Investment, 2011-2015
Malaysian Institute of Economic Research
GDP by economic activity, 2015-2020
2015 2020
Malaysian Institute of Economic Research
Jobs created by sector, 2011-2015
Malaysian Institute of Economic Research
Jobs by skills category group, 2011-2015
Malaysian Institute of Economic Research
Factors of Production, 2011-2015
Malaysian Institute of Economic Research
Labour Productivity
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2020
68.7 69.9 71.4 72.5 75.0
77.1
92.3
RM ’000
Malaysian Institute of Economic Research
Compensation of Employees to GDP
Year Compensation of Employees to GDP
(%)
2013 33.60
2020 40
Malaysian Institute of Economic Research
GINI Index
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
1970a
1974a
1976a
1979
1984
1987a
1989b
1992
1995
1997
1999
2002
2004
2007
2009
2012
2014
2020
0.513 0.53
0.557
0.505
0.483 0.456
0.442 0.459 0.456 0.459 0.443
0.461 0.462 0.441 0.441 0.431
0.401 0.385
RM Million
Malaysian Institute of Economic Research
Household Income
Year Botton 40%
Household Income
No. of People
(Million)
2009 1,440
2014 2,537 2.7
2020 5,270
Malaysian Institute of Economic Research
Malaysia Beyond 2020
Inclusive economic growth
Rural-urban divide
Urban poverty
Bumiputera agenda
Inequality
A future-proof economy
Quality institutions
Skilled human capital
Flexible economy
Productive rural economy
Technology
Food security
Strong private sector
Work patterns
Entrepreneurships
Market leader for several products and services
Malaysian Institute of Economic Research
Concluding Remarks
For Malaysia to fly high in 2050:
Potential trouble spots should be resolved the near future
Right triggers should be switched on in the near terms
Malaysian Institute of Economic Research
Concluding Remarks
Some issues to consider:
What does it take to establish Malaysia as a major regional player
What should be done to push productivity to international levels
How will Malaysia compete technologically
Malaysian Institute of Economic Research
Thank You!
