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8/9/2019 Malaria Nyamuk
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MALARIA
WHAT WE NEED TO KNOW
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A endaToday we will be looking at:
What is Malaria
Sign and Symptom
Diagnosis and Treatment
Prevention
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Malaria: what is malaria?
Malaria is a life-threatenin disease caused b arasites
(P.falciparum, P.vivax, P.ovale, P.malariae, P.knowlesi)
.
of malaria, 200 million cases per year with > 600,000
death, mainly 70% children under 5 years old
Indonesia malaria area:
• g r s : apua, es apua, , a u u, or a u u• Medium risk: Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Sumatera
• Low risk: Java (Pangandaran, Ujungkulon)
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Indonesia endemic area
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TransmissionMalaria is transmitted by infected female anopheles mosquitoes
They
start
biting
by
late
evening
and
the
peak
of
biting
activity
is
at
midnight and early hours of morning
Adult Ano heles can be identified b their t ical restin osition: males
and females rest with their abdomens sticking up in the air rather than
parallel to the surface on which they are resting
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Anopheles, Aedes & Culex
Anopheles
Aedes u ex
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Transmission
When someone is bitten b an infected mos uito the
parasites enter their blood stream and move to theirliver.
Malaria can also be transmitted:
•
• from mother to baby during pregnancy.
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Malaria: life c cle
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Malaria: Si n and S m tom
Incubation eriod: 7-30 da s
The signs and symptoms of malaria are non-specificClinicall sus ected mostl on the basis of fever
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Anemia
Hepato-splenomegaly
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Malaria: fever attern
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Malaria: dia nosisMalaria is a MEDICAL Rapid diagnostic test (RDT)
EMERGENCY
• It is important you actimmediately. Your first priority is to
seek medical attention.
Blood smear
• The diagnosis of malaria is
confirmed by a blood test. A
negative test does not exclude
repeated.
• You need to inform your
medical doctor that you have
to be tested for malaria
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Malaria: treatment
Drugs used against the parasite:• chloroquine
• atovaquone-proguanil (Malarone®)
• artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem®)
•
• quinine
• quinidine
• oxycyc ne use n com na on w qu n ne• artesunate
• primaquine
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Malaria: PreventionThere is no vaccine against malaria yet.
Malaria is preventable through preventing
.
bitten throughout the day and night, both insideand outside.
Outside
Clothing: Cover as much of your skin as possible.
Wear long sleeves, long pants, and socks and.
attractive to mosquitoes than dark colours.
Repellents: Use repellents on exposed skin. DEET,
Picaridin, Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus and IR3535 are
. .
Coils: Burning mosquito coils releases pyrethroids
that repel mosquitoes.
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Malaria: PreventionTime of day: Mosquitoes that carry malaria
are more active from dusk to dawn. Avoid
.
Stay away from risky areas: Mosquitoesare more likely to be found in areas where
they can breed, such as stagnant pools.
Avoid mosquito-attracting smells:
Perfume fragrances and sweat both attract
mosquitoes. Shower to remove sweat, and
avoid perfumes. Choose unscentedsunscreen, shampoos and other personal
hygiene items.
Eliminate mosquito breeding grounds:
make sure there are no unnecessary
collections of water (e.g in old tyres, potplant dishes, etc.)
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Malaria: PreventionInside
Use an insectic ide-treated bed net: Make sure
.
under the mattress, or make sure it reaches the
floor.
Use insecticide sprays or vaporizers: Spray
. -
vaporizers release insecticide.
Install insect screens on doors and windows:
The mesh size should be less than 1.5mm.
If possible use air conditioning: Mosquitoes are
less active at cooler temperatures.
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Malaria: PreventionThe risk of developing malaria
is also reduced by taking
preventive medication.
Medications must be prescribed
y a octor, or an n v ua
patient.
Medication is started prior toen er ng a ar a area, ura on
varies depending on medication
prescribed by the doctor.
e ca on requency anduration vary and detailed by
prescribing doctor.
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