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Malala Yousafzai BiographyWomen's Rights Activist, Children's Activist (1997–)

QUICK FACTS

NAME Malala YousafzaiOCCUPATION Women's Rights Activist, Children's ActivistBIRTH DATE July 12, 1997 (age 17)PLACE OF BIRTH Mingora, PakistanAKA Gul MakaiFULL NAME Malala Yousafzai

As a young girl, Malala Yousafzai defied the Taliban in Pakistan and demanded that girls beallowed to receive an education. She was shot in the head by a Taliban gunman in 2012, butsurvived.

Quotes :“If I win Nobel Peace Prize, it would be a great opportunity for me, but if I don't get it, it's not importantbecause my goal is not to get Nobel Peace Prize, my goal is to get peace and my goal is to see theeducation of every child.”—Malala Yousafzai

SynopsisMalala Yousafzai was born on July 12, 1997, in Mingora, Pakistan. As a child, she became an advocate forgirls' education, which resulted in the Taliban issuing a death threat against her. On October 9, 2012, agunman shot Malala when she was traveling home from school. She survived, and has continued to speakout on the importance of education. She was nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize in 2013. In 2014, she wasnominated again and won, becoming the youngest person to receive the Nobel Peace Prize.

Early LifeOn July 12, 1997, Malala Yousafzai was born in Mingora, Pakistan, located in the country's Swat Valley.For the first few years of her life, her hometown remained a popular tourist spot that was known for itssummer festivals. However, the area began to change as the Taliban tried to take control.

Initial ActivismYousafzai attended a school that her father, Ziauddin Yousafzai, had founded. After the Taliban beganattacking girls' schools in Swat, Malala gave a speech in Peshawar, Pakistan, in September 2008. The titleof her talk was, "How dare the Taliban take away my basic right to education?"In early 2009, Yousafzai began blogging for the BBC about living under the Taliban's threats to deny heran education. In order to hide her identity, she used the name Gul Makai. However, she was revealed to bethe BBC blogger in December of that year.

With a growing public platform, Yousafzai continued to speak out about her right, and the right of allwomen, to an education. Her activism resulted in a nomination for the International Children's Peace Prizein 2011. That same year, she was awarded Pakistan's National Youth Peace Prize.

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Targeted by the TalibanWhen she was 14, Malala and her family learned that the Taliban had issued a death threat against her.Though Malala was frightened for the safety of her father—an anti-Taliban activist—she and her familyinitially felt that the fundamentalist group would not actually harm a child.

On October 9, 2012, on her way home from school, a man boarded the bus Malala was riding in anddemanded to know which girl was Malala. When her friends looked toward Malala, her location was givenaway. The gunman fired at her, hitting Malala in the left side of her head; the bullet then traveled down herneck. Two other girls were also injured in the attack.

The shooting left Malala in critical condition, so she was flown to a military hospital in Peshawar. Aportion of her skull was removed to treat her swelling brain. To receive further care, she was transferred toBirmingham, England.

After the Attack

Once she was in the United Kingdom, Yousafzai was taken out of a medically induced coma. Thoughshe would require multiple surgeries—including repair of a facial nerve to fix the paralyzed left side ofher face—she had suffered no major brain damage. In March 2013, she was able to begin attendingschool in Birmingham.

The shooting resulted in a massive outpouring of support for Yousafzai, which continued during herrecovery. She gave a speech at the United Nations on her 16th birthday, in 2013. She has alsowritten an autobiography, I Am Malala: The Girl Who Stood Up for Education and Was Shot by theTaliban, which was released in October 2013. Unfortunately, the Taliban still considers Yousafzai atarget.

Despite the Taliban's threats, Yousafzai remains a staunch advocate for the power of education. OnOctober 10, 2013, in acknowledgement of her work, the European Parliament awarded Yousafzai theSakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought. That same year, she was nominated for a Nobel PeacePrize. She didn't win the prize, but was named a nominee again in March 2014. In August of thesame year, Leanin.Org held a live chat on Facebook with Sheryl Sandberg and Yousafzai about theimportance of education for girls around the world. She talked about her story, her inspiration andfamily, her plans for the future and advocacy, and she answered a variety of inquiries from the socialnetwork’s users.

In October 2014, Yousafzai received the Nobel Peace Prize, along with Indian children's rightsactivist Kailash Satyarthi. At age 17, she became the youngest person to receive the Nobel PeacePrize. In congratulating Yousafzai, Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif said: “She is (the) pride ofPakistan, she has made her countrymen proud. Her achievement is unparalleled and unequaled.Girls and boys of the world should take lead from her struggle and commitment." U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon described her as "a brave and gentle advocate of peace who through thesimple act of going to school became a global teacher.”

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Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

Date 2 October 2014

Location New Delhi, India

Organised by Narendra Modi

Government of India

Participants Anil Ambani

Sachin Tendulkar

Ruby Yadav

Salman Khan

Priyanka Chopra

Baba Ramdev

Kamal Hassan

Mridula Sinha

Shashi Tharoor

Arvind Kejriwal

The team of TV series Taarak Mehta Ka

Ooltah Chashmah

Amitabh Bachchan

Hrithik Roshan

Aamir Khan

Manisha Koirala

Saina Nehwal

Chanda Kochhar

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Hindi: व छ भारत अ भयान, English: Clean India Mission) is a nationalcampaign by the Government of India, covering 4041 statutory towns, to clean the streets, roads andinfrastructure of the country.[1][2][3]

This campaign was officially launched on 2 October 2014 at Rajghat, New Delhi, where PrimeMinister Narendra Modi himself cleaned the road. It is India's biggest ever cleanliness drive and 3 milliongovernment employees and school and college students of India participated in this event.[4][5] The mission

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was started by Prime Minister Modi, who nominated nine famous personalities for the campaign, and theytook up the challenge and nominated nine more people and so on (like the branching of a tree). It hasbeen carried forward since then with people from all walks of life joining it.

The components of the programme are: a) Construction of individual sanitary latrines for householdsbelow the poverty line with subsidy (80%) where demand exists. b) Conversion of dry latrines into low-costsanitary latrines. c) Construction of exclusive village sanitary complexes for women providing facilities forhand pumping, bathing, sanitation and washing on a selective basis where there is not adequate land orspace within houses and where villagepanchayats are willing to maintain the facilities. d) Setting up ofsanitary marts. e) Total sanitation of villages through the construction of drains, soakage pits, solid andliquid waste disposal. f) Intensive campaign for awareness generation and health education to create a feltneed for personal, household and environmental sanitation facilities

History

With effect from 1 April 1999, the Government of India restructured the Comprehensive Rural SanitationProgramme and launched the Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC).

To give a fillip to the Total Sanitation Campaign, effective June 2003 the government launched anincentive scheme in the form of an award for total sanitation coverage, maintenance of a cleanenvironment and open defecation-free panchayat villages, blocks and districts called Nirmal GramPuraskar.

Effective 1 April 2012, the TSC was renamed to Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (SBA).

On 2 October 2014 the campaign was relaunched as Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.

Objectives

This campaign aims to accomplish the vision of a 'Clean India' by 2 October 2019, the 150th birthdayof Mahatma Gandhi. It is expected to cost over 62000 crore (US$9.7 billion).[3][6] Fund sharing betweenthe Central Government and the State Government and Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) is 75%:25% (90% :10% for North Eastern and special category states).[7] The campaign has been described as "beyondpolitics" and "inspired by patriotism".[8]

Specific objectives are:

Elimination of open defecation Conversion of insanitary toilets to pour flush toilets Eradication of manual scavenging 100% collection and scientific processing/disposal/reuse/recycling of municipal solid waste A behavioural change in people regarding healthy sanitation practices Generation of awareness among citizens about sanitation and its linkages with public health Supporting urban local bodies in designing, executing and operating waste disposal systems Facilitating private-sector participation in capital expenditure and operation and maintenance costs for

sanitary facilities[7]

Nominees

Modi selected 9 public figures to propagate this campaign.[9][10] They are:

Anil Ambani Baba Ramdev Kamal Hassan Kapil Sharma Priyanka Chopra Sachin Tendulkar Salman Khan Shashi Tharoor The team of the TV series Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah Page4

was started by Prime Minister Modi, who nominated nine famous personalities for the campaign, and theytook up the challenge and nominated nine more people and so on (like the branching of a tree). It hasbeen carried forward since then with people from all walks of life joining it.

The components of the programme are: a) Construction of individual sanitary latrines for householdsbelow the poverty line with subsidy (80%) where demand exists. b) Conversion of dry latrines into low-costsanitary latrines. c) Construction of exclusive village sanitary complexes for women providing facilities forhand pumping, bathing, sanitation and washing on a selective basis where there is not adequate land orspace within houses and where villagepanchayats are willing to maintain the facilities. d) Setting up ofsanitary marts. e) Total sanitation of villages through the construction of drains, soakage pits, solid andliquid waste disposal. f) Intensive campaign for awareness generation and health education to create a feltneed for personal, household and environmental sanitation facilities

History

With effect from 1 April 1999, the Government of India restructured the Comprehensive Rural SanitationProgramme and launched the Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC).

To give a fillip to the Total Sanitation Campaign, effective June 2003 the government launched anincentive scheme in the form of an award for total sanitation coverage, maintenance of a cleanenvironment and open defecation-free panchayat villages, blocks and districts called Nirmal GramPuraskar.

Effective 1 April 2012, the TSC was renamed to Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (SBA).

On 2 October 2014 the campaign was relaunched as Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.

Objectives

This campaign aims to accomplish the vision of a 'Clean India' by 2 October 2019, the 150th birthdayof Mahatma Gandhi. It is expected to cost over 62000 crore (US$9.7 billion).[3][6] Fund sharing betweenthe Central Government and the State Government and Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) is 75%:25% (90% :10% for North Eastern and special category states).[7] The campaign has been described as "beyondpolitics" and "inspired by patriotism".[8]

Specific objectives are:

Elimination of open defecation Conversion of insanitary toilets to pour flush toilets Eradication of manual scavenging 100% collection and scientific processing/disposal/reuse/recycling of municipal solid waste A behavioural change in people regarding healthy sanitation practices Generation of awareness among citizens about sanitation and its linkages with public health Supporting urban local bodies in designing, executing and operating waste disposal systems Facilitating private-sector participation in capital expenditure and operation and maintenance costs for

sanitary facilities[7]

Nominees

Modi selected 9 public figures to propagate this campaign.[9][10] They are:

Anil Ambani Baba Ramdev Kamal Hassan Kapil Sharma Priyanka Chopra Sachin Tendulkar Salman Khan Shashi Tharoor The team of the TV series Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah Page4

was started by Prime Minister Modi, who nominated nine famous personalities for the campaign, and theytook up the challenge and nominated nine more people and so on (like the branching of a tree). It hasbeen carried forward since then with people from all walks of life joining it.

The components of the programme are: a) Construction of individual sanitary latrines for householdsbelow the poverty line with subsidy (80%) where demand exists. b) Conversion of dry latrines into low-costsanitary latrines. c) Construction of exclusive village sanitary complexes for women providing facilities forhand pumping, bathing, sanitation and washing on a selective basis where there is not adequate land orspace within houses and where villagepanchayats are willing to maintain the facilities. d) Setting up ofsanitary marts. e) Total sanitation of villages through the construction of drains, soakage pits, solid andliquid waste disposal. f) Intensive campaign for awareness generation and health education to create a feltneed for personal, household and environmental sanitation facilities

History

With effect from 1 April 1999, the Government of India restructured the Comprehensive Rural SanitationProgramme and launched the Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC).

To give a fillip to the Total Sanitation Campaign, effective June 2003 the government launched anincentive scheme in the form of an award for total sanitation coverage, maintenance of a cleanenvironment and open defecation-free panchayat villages, blocks and districts called Nirmal GramPuraskar.

Effective 1 April 2012, the TSC was renamed to Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (SBA).

On 2 October 2014 the campaign was relaunched as Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.

Objectives

This campaign aims to accomplish the vision of a 'Clean India' by 2 October 2019, the 150th birthdayof Mahatma Gandhi. It is expected to cost over 62000 crore (US$9.7 billion).[3][6] Fund sharing betweenthe Central Government and the State Government and Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) is 75%:25% (90% :10% for North Eastern and special category states).[7] The campaign has been described as "beyondpolitics" and "inspired by patriotism".[8]

Specific objectives are:

Elimination of open defecation Conversion of insanitary toilets to pour flush toilets Eradication of manual scavenging 100% collection and scientific processing/disposal/reuse/recycling of municipal solid waste A behavioural change in people regarding healthy sanitation practices Generation of awareness among citizens about sanitation and its linkages with public health Supporting urban local bodies in designing, executing and operating waste disposal systems Facilitating private-sector participation in capital expenditure and operation and maintenance costs for

sanitary facilities[7]

Nominees

Modi selected 9 public figures to propagate this campaign.[9][10] They are:

Anil Ambani Baba Ramdev Kamal Hassan Kapil Sharma Priyanka Chopra Sachin Tendulkar Salman Khan Shashi Tharoor The team of the TV series Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah

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Indian film actor Aamir Khan supported and encouraged this initiative and said that he would be happy ifhe is invited into this campaign.[11] Urban Development Minister M.Venkaiah Naidu picked up a broom tohelp clean the cyclone-hit port city ofVisakhapatnam in the southern state of Andhra Pradesh, as part ofthe cleanliness campaign.[12]

Brand ambassadors

Venkaiah Naidu listed brand ambassadors in various fields:

Pawan Kalyan Brand Ambassador List S. P. Balasubrahmanyam Amala (actress) K. Kavitha Brand Ambassador List Gunupati Venkata Krishna Reddy Suddala Ashok Teja Pullela Gopichand Humpy Koneru Galla Jayadev Nithin V. V. S. Laxman J. Rameshwar Rao Vemuri Radhakrishna Shivlal Yadav B. V. R. Mohan Reddy Rajat Shahi (Entrepreneur) [1]

On 25 December 2014, Prime Minister Modi nominated nine people including

Comedian Kapil Sharma, Former captain of Indian cricket team Sourav Ganguly Former IPS officer Kiran Bedi for taking forward his 'Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan'. Padmanabha Acharya, Nagaland Governor Sonal Mansingh, classical dancer Ramoji Rao of Eenadu group Aroon Purie of the India Today group.

He also nominated some organisations, including the Institute of Chartered Accountants ofIndia, Eenadu and India Todaybesides 'dabbewale' of Mumbai, who deliver home-made food to lakhs ofpeople in the city.[clarification needed]

On 8 November 2014, Modi carried the message to Uttar Pradesh and nominated another set of ninepeople for the state.[13][14]

Akhilesh Yadav Swami Rambhadracharya Manoj Tiwari Manu Sharma Mohammad Kaif Deviprasad Dwivedi Raju Srivastava Suresh Raina Kailash Kher

More than 3 million government employees and school and college students are to participate in thedrive.[4][8]

Swachh Bharat Run

A Swachh Bharat Run was organized at the Rashtrapati Bhavan on 2 October 2014. According to astatement from the Rashtrapati Bhavan around 1500 people participated and the event was flagged off byPresident Pranab Mukherjee. Participants in the run included officers and their families.[15]

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Swachh Bharat apps

Many independent app developers came up with ideas to support the mission using mobiletechnologies. The Times of Indiapublished an article on how "Desi companies beat Facebook in 'Swachh'apps race".[16] Vocativ wrote of one such app that it could change the relationship between governmentand people.[17]

Real-time monitoring

The government will be launching a nationwide real-time monitoring system for toilets constructed underthe Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. With this system the government aims to attain a 100% open defecation freeIndia by 2019.[18]

Swachh Bharat short film

NIT Rourkela PhD students have made a short film on Swachh Bharat, conveying the message thatSwachh Bharat is not a one-day event but should be part of life, in order for the goal of a clean India to beachieved.[19]

The Indo Nepal Doctors Association has also taken inspiration from the Prime Minister of India and on 3January 2015 launched Swachh Bharat Nepal - Swasth Bharat Nepal Abhiyan at the Indo-Nepali borderregion of Sunauli-Belihiya, which is the entry to the birth place of the Buddha, Lumbini, Nepal.

Criticism

Criticisms of the campaign include:

Some regard the motives of Prime Minister Modi as purely political. The prime minister nominated peoplewho were supposed to do some cleaning-up. They would then nominate others, and so slowly the wholeof India would be involved. Thus, anyone seeing a participant in the scheme, especially a celebrity, wouldinevitably link their actions to Modi, building up his reputation.

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is not a new programme. Launched in 1986 as the Central Rural SanitationProgramme, the scheme later became the Total Sanitation Campaign (1999) and Nirmal BharatAbhiyan (2012). Some regard it as merely a renaming.[21]

There has been a problem of corruption in delivery of facilities such as toilets and latrines since the launchof the Central Rural Sanitation Programme (CRSP) 1986. In rural areas BDOs, GP president, secretaries,and others take bribes from poor Indians to provide them, and the poorest are unable to obtain thembecause they cannot afford the bribes.

The NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India Aayog), formerly called the PlanningCommission, is accused of preparing the guidelines of the scheme based on false reports through upwardcommunication from people on-site such as BDO, GP presidents and secretaries; the Chairman, DeputyChairman and the other members of the Planning Commission are accused of not checking theinformation by visiting the villages and physically seeing and talking with the beneficiaries face to face.

The central government is said to be irresponsible in not ensuring that the toilets, latrines, etc. aredelivered, as the Ministry of Panchayati Raj closes grievance cases by transferring them to the stategovernment, and never examines the details of whether the state government settles them correctly.