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Ontology Ontology Scope Note: Scope Note: Branch of Branch of philosophy philosophy that deals that deals with being with being Broader Term: Broader Term: Metaphysics Metaphysics Philosophy Philosophy Theology Theology Related Related Terms: Terms: SoulSoul
Making the Most of Controlled Vocabularies in Search Interfaces
ASIS&T IA Summit 2005
Montreal
March 7, 2005
presented byChris Farnum
Information Architect
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Ontology Ontology Scope Note: Scope Note: Branch of Branch of philosophy philosophy that deals that deals with being with being Broader Term: Broader Term: Metaphysics Metaphysics Philosophy Philosophy Theology Theology Related Related Terms: Terms: SoulSoul
Outline
Goal – share techniques for making controlled vocabularies, indexing, and metadata accessible to searchers
• Intro/Background• “More like this”• Browsing Controlled Vocabularies• Field Indexes• Thesauri• Search term suggestions
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Ontology Ontology Scope Note: Scope Note: Branch of Branch of philosophy philosophy that deals that deals with being with being Broader Term: Broader Term: Metaphysics Metaphysics Philosophy Philosophy Theology Theology Related Related Terms: Terms: SoulSoul
Introductions
Chris Farnum
• Information Architect and Usability Design Product Manager, ProQuest
• previously worked with Argus Associates and Compuware
• 7+ years IA experience• LIS background – U. Mich. SILS• 5 years library public service
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Ontology Ontology Scope Note: Scope Note: Branch of Branch of philosophy philosophy that deals that deals with being with being Broader Term: Broader Term: Metaphysics Metaphysics Philosophy Philosophy Theology Theology Related Related Terms: Terms: SoulSoul
ProQuest Search Redesign<< Before
After >>
Background
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Ontology Ontology Scope Note: Scope Note: Branch of Branch of philosophy philosophy that deals that deals with being with being Broader Term: Broader Term: Metaphysics Metaphysics Philosophy Philosophy Theology Theology Related Related Terms: Terms: SoulSoul
Background
Rich Metadata Available(ABI/INFORM Global and others)• Subject• Company• Person• Location• Classification Codes• NAICS/SIC• Document Type• and more…
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Ontology Ontology Scope Note: Scope Note: Branch of Branch of philosophy philosophy that deals that deals with being with being Broader Term: Broader Term: Metaphysics Metaphysics Philosophy Philosophy Theology Theology Related Related Terms: Terms: SoulSoul
Background
Guiding principles:• Find multiple ways to leverage metadata,
especially facets.• Place opportunities to use and learn about
metadata in the path of the user’s workflow but don’t require people to use them.
• Balance needs of expert and novice searchers.
• Make search tools context sensitive, so they appear when/where they are useful.
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Ontology Ontology Scope Note: Scope Note: Branch of Branch of philosophy philosophy that deals that deals with being with being Broader Term: Broader Term: Metaphysics Metaphysics Philosophy Philosophy Theology Theology Related Related Terms: Terms: SoulSoul
#1 “More like this…”
Enable the “berry picking” strategy advocated by librarians.
• Let users see the metadata!• Hyperlink terms for sideways
searching.• Allow users to combine terms and
launch a search from the document level.
Ovid – Wilson Business Abstracts
bibliographic metadata
faceted classification indexing
to combine terms…
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Ontology Ontology Scope Note: Scope Note: Branch of Branch of philosophy philosophy that deals that deals with being with being Broader Term: Broader Term: Metaphysics Metaphysics Philosophy Philosophy Theology Theology Related Related Terms: Terms: SoulSoul
Best Practices
• “More like this” enables bottom up searching
• Multiple ways to implement “more like this”• User chooses facets/terms• Fully automatic
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Ontology Ontology Scope Note: Scope Note: Branch of Branch of philosophy philosophy that deals that deals with being with being Broader Term: Broader Term: Metaphysics Metaphysics Philosophy Philosophy Theology Theology Related Related Terms: Terms: SoulSoul
#2 Browsing Controlled Vocabularies
An alternative to searching.
Not all users are search-dominant.• Complements searching• Browsing is better for some tasks
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Ontology Ontology Scope Note: Scope Note: Branch of Branch of philosophy philosophy that deals that deals with being with being Broader Term: Broader Term: Metaphysics Metaphysics Philosophy Philosophy Theology Theology Related Related Terms: Terms: SoulSoul
Browsing in ProQuest
• A separate area in the IA especially for browsing.
• Editorially managed taxonomy / directory• Data-driven browsing powered by facetted
index term associations (co-occuring terms)• Browsing within special content collections
(publications)
Editorially created taxonomy
Look up index terms
restrict to facets
narrow by co-occurring terms
to results
breadcrumb navigation
Location
Category
Channel
Facetted drill-down is data-driven, but functions as a taxonomy.
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Ontology Ontology Scope Note: Scope Note: Branch of Branch of philosophy philosophy that deals that deals with being with being Broader Term: Broader Term: Metaphysics Metaphysics Philosophy Philosophy Theology Theology Related Related Terms: Terms: SoulSoul
Best Practices
• Offer novices assistance exploring and narrowing topics.
• Include a separate/alternate area for user who prefer browsing. Not everyone is search-dominant.
• Support data-driven facetted browsing when possible – very flexible and always up to date.
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Ontology Ontology Scope Note: Scope Note: Branch of Branch of philosophy philosophy that deals that deals with being with being Broader Term: Broader Term: Metaphysics Metaphysics Philosophy Philosophy Theology Theology Related Related Terms: Terms: SoulSoul
#3 Field Indexes
Field indexes can be tools for helping users build queries.
• Enable users to find valid terms to use for searching specific fields.
• Assist users who don’t know your search engine’s syntax.
• Can be data-driven or based on static lists.
OCLC FirstSearch
browseable indexes / pop-ups
abrasiv
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Ontology Ontology Scope Note: Scope Note: Branch of Branch of philosophy philosophy that deals that deals with being with being Broader Term: Broader Term: Metaphysics Metaphysics Philosophy Philosophy Theology Theology Related Related Terms: Terms: SoulSoul
Best Practices
• Make it simple - the look-up process and the steps to add terms to a search.
• Make tools optional but accessible.• Types of tools
• Static / editorially created• Data-driven A-Z lookups• Tools for exploring facets / narrowing
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Ontology Ontology Scope Note: Scope Note: Branch of Branch of philosophy philosophy that deals that deals with being with being Broader Term: Broader Term: Metaphysics Metaphysics Philosophy Philosophy Theology Theology Related Related Terms: Terms: SoulSoul
#4 Thesauri
Got a thesaurus? Incorporate it into the search interface.
• Thesauri make can useful tools for building searches.
• Allow users to explore related terms and find approved terms.
• Experts will appreciate it, novice searchers can learn from it.
PubMed
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Ontology Ontology Scope Note: Scope Note: Branch of Branch of philosophy philosophy that deals that deals with being with being Broader Term: Broader Term: Metaphysics Metaphysics Philosophy Philosophy Theology Theology Related Related Terms: Terms: SoulSoul
Best Practices
• Primary user audience should determine how prominent the thesaurus and the complexity of its structure appears.
• Ways to incorporate:• Tool that assists in building a query.• Separate search mode.• Behind the scenes – for example, the search
engine automatically searches on synonyms
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Ontology Ontology Scope Note: Scope Note: Branch of Branch of philosophy philosophy that deals that deals with being with being Broader Term: Broader Term: Metaphysics Metaphysics Philosophy Philosophy Theology Theology Related Related Terms: Terms: SoulSoul
#5 Search Term SuggestionsEnable narrowing and browsing within
the context of search.• The majority of searches entered by
users are 1 or 2 keywords.• No separate starting point required -
users begin with the search box.• Helps focus keyword queries by
suggesting better/alternate terms and categories.
• Integrates searching and browsing.
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Ontology Ontology Scope Note: Scope Note: Branch of Branch of philosophy philosophy that deals that deals with being with being Broader Term: Broader Term: Metaphysics Metaphysics Philosophy Philosophy Theology Theology Related Related Terms: Terms: SoulSoul
ProQuest Smart Search
Database / context sensitive – it’s aware of the database or combination of databases currently active
Step 1 - Suggestions based on the user’s query:• topic terms (subjects, companies, people,
locations) or pairs of terms AND-ed together
• PublicationsStep 2 – Narrow as in topic guide with results
visible.
1st results screen – suggestions
Null results - suggestions
2nd screen – narrowing using co-occurring index terms
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Ontology Ontology Scope Note: Scope Note: Branch of Branch of philosophy philosophy that deals that deals with being with being Broader Term: Broader Term: Metaphysics Metaphysics Philosophy Philosophy Theology Theology Related Related Terms: Terms: SoulSoul
ProQuest Smart Search
How it works: • Several methods used to analyze and match
keywords with index terms.• Exact matches• Accounts for synonym relationships• Co-occurrences with keywords and other index
terms• Associations with full text keywords in
documents viewed/printed• Editorially created associations
• Suggests paired combinations of terms if more than one keyword is entered.
• Suggests publications that are exact keyword matches and those with high numbers of matching index terms.
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Ontology Ontology Scope Note: Scope Note: Branch of Branch of philosophy philosophy that deals that deals with being with being Broader Term: Broader Term: Metaphysics Metaphysics Philosophy Philosophy Theology Theology Related Related Terms: Terms: SoulSoul
Best Practices
• Decide whether you are narrowing within the results set or making suggestions from across the while database.
• Integrate suggestions into the results screen.
• Include breadcrumbs.
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Ontology Ontology Scope Note: Scope Note: Branch of Branch of philosophy philosophy that deals that deals with being with being Broader Term: Broader Term: Metaphysics Metaphysics Philosophy Philosophy Theology Theology Related Related Terms: Terms: SoulSoul
Final Thoughts
• Use these models as inspiration, not a template.
• Choose and adapt them to your audience’s needs.
• If you are investing in rich controlled vocabularies, these strategies can help to make the fruits of your labors more visible.
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Ontology Ontology Scope Note: Scope Note: Branch of Branch of philosophy philosophy that deals that deals with being with being Broader Term: Broader Term: Metaphysics Metaphysics Philosophy Philosophy Theology Theology Related Related Terms: Terms: SoulSoul
Live Demo (as time allows)A tour of ProQuest’s search UI and controlled
vocabs.
ProQuest (authentication required)
Let’s play stump Smart Search!
Got a favorite search to try?
For those playing at home, see the online promo for Smart Search:
http://www.proquest.com/division/pqnext/previews/SmartSearch/
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Ontology Ontology Scope Note: Scope Note: Branch of Branch of philosophy philosophy that deals that deals with being with being Broader Term: Broader Term: Metaphysics Metaphysics Philosophy Philosophy Theology Theology Related Related Terms: Terms: SoulSoul
Special thanks to…
Information Architecture for the World Wide Web 2nd Ed. (Lou Rosenfeld and Peter Morville)
Search Engine Watch (Danny Sullivan) - http://searchenginewatch.com/
Dan Hepp, John Law, and Hania Kutcher for their keys roles in designing the Smart Search technology the ProQuest user interface.
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Ontology Ontology Scope Note: Scope Note: Branch of Branch of philosophy philosophy that deals that deals with being with being Broader Term: Broader Term: Metaphysics Metaphysics Philosophy Philosophy Theology Theology Related Related Terms: Terms: SoulSoul
Contact
Chris FarnumInformation ArchitectProQuest Information and LearningAnn Arbor, MI
[email protected]@il.proquest.comwork phone: 734.975.6214
url: http://crfarnum.webhop.info