Making LowEnergy Cities and

EcoDistricts WorkExperiences from U.S. Cities

10th IGBC Green Building Congress

October 30-31 , 2012, Hyderabad

Vatsal Bhatt

Brookhaven National Laboratory

Presentation Overview

• Urban Energy Scenario in India

• BNL/USDOE collaborative activities in India

• Promoting near-zero energy cities and

districts

• Similar U.S. examples

India Urban Energy Outlook• Half of humanity now lives in cities, which will be 60% by 2030 –

90% of future growth will take place in cities

• Rapidly growing Indian cities will be home to nearly 40% of Indians

by 2021 (UN Habitat 2008).

• Greenpeace report predicts climate change impacts will force

major population movements from coastal cities to inland already

over burdened cities (125 million people by 2050).

• With ambitious development plans and GDP growing between 5 to

10%, India is poised to consume enormous amounts of energy and

resulting higher levels of emissions.

• India can leapfrog to advanced adaptable clean energy

technologies in the path towards sustainable development.

3

Funding Needs for Urban India by 2030

4

Source: Sankhe et al, 2010, www.mckinsey.com/mgi/publications/india_urbanization/index.asp

$ billion, real 2008

$ per capita per annum

Notes: 1 . Net of beneficiary contr ibution,

2. CapEx= Capital Expenditu re, OpEx=

Operational Expenditure

x

� Five States are likely to be more than 50% urbanized

� Urban energy demands outpace supply with staggering rationing and

frequent blackouts/brownouts

� Energy costs are driving up with limited resources in cities

Energy Consumption in India is

Growing Rapidly

5

Source: World Energy Outlook 2007, IEA 2008

• Clean Energy Investments to address greenhouse-gas emissions will create a global market of $13 trillion by 2050 (IEA 2008)

Marching Towards a Low Energy Society

• Climate performance and accountability has significantly increased

• Countries with effective climate policies and consistently pursuing

improvements have seen economic progress

6Source: Lee et al, 2010

India Showing

Steady

Improvements

Increasing Clean Technology Investment

• Countries such as India, China, Turkey, Italy and U.S.

have increased their investments in clean energy by

over 100% in the last five years 7Source: Lee et al, 2010

India’s

Increasing

Investments

India’s Energy Activities

India has taken a series of initiatives for tackling energy

security, climate change and environmental

sustainability, including;

�National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)

announced by the Prime Minister in 2008

�Integrated Energy Policy developed by the Planning

Commission in 2006

�Announcements around COP15 – e.g. reducing emission

intensity – by 20 to 25 percent by 2020, compared with

2005 levels

�India Green Buildings movement

Concerted National Missions

Sustainable Urban Energy developments can contribute to most

of these activities and especially for directed Missions under the

NAPCC, like;

�National Solar Mission

�National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency

�National Mission on Sustainable Habitat

�National Water Mission

�National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change

India-US Collaboration

US-India Green Partnership

• Prime Minister Manmohan

Singh and President Barack

Obama launched the Green

Partnership on November

24, 2009 in Washington DC,

to combat climate change,

ensuring their mutual

energy security, working

towards global food

security, and building a

clean energy economy that

will drive investment, job

creation, and economic

growth throughout the 21st

century. 11

� The two countries agreed on a

comprehensive Memorandum

of Understanding to enhance

cooperation on Energy Security,

Energy Efficiency, Clean Energy,

and Climate Change.

� President Obama’s India visit in

November 2010 strengthened

this versatile partnership.

BNL/DOE Facilitated MOUs

• Atlanta and Ahmedabad in March 2008

– legislated energy audit for public water supply

and waste water systems

– developing Green Building Guidelines

– preparing a Sustainability Plan for 2030

• Chicago and Shanghai in September 2010

– collaborating on geothermal, solar, green

buildings, fuel cell and energy museums

• Columbus/Franklin County and Hefei in

October 2011

– collaborating on electric vehicles, landfills,

wetlands and green buildings

12

Promoting Low-Carbon Communities

Provide DOE Technical Assistance on Energy Planning and

Implementation in Cities;

• Collaborate with National Ministries under Bi-lateral Partnerships

– US-India Energy Dialogue

– Ministry of Urban Development, Ministry of Commerce & Industries and

Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Ministry of Power and State and City

Governments

• Promote energy efficiency and renewable energy (EE&RE) in national

plans and guidelines

• Select cities/towns/industrial zones to demonstrate casestudies for

low-carbon development

• Infuse EE&RE in city development plans and implementation

strategies

1313

ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS FOR ENERGY

SUSTAINABILITY

Near-zero Energy EcoCity Development

14

Integrated EE&RE Planning Principles

A city/region consuming substantially low energy

and producing at least as much renewable

energy as it uses in a year with very efficiently

planned and operated sectors, including;

– buildings,

– transportation,

– industries,

– water supply and sanitation, and;

– solid waste

NearZero Energy Cities - Essential Elements1. Integrate existing stock, future availability and accessibility of all resources,

sectors, components and subsystems and their interconnection forcomprehensive energy planning for the city and surrounding communities

2. Develop efficient, ecologically responsible and compact mixed-use communities with walkable, bikeable and transit oriented transport reducing vehicle miles travelled

3. Design and maintain residential, commercial and public buildings with gradually improving green building standards

11/3/2012 16

• Construct all new government buildings showcasing green guidelines• Designate and incentivize near-zero energy townships and

development zones• Progressively incorporate improving green guidelines in development

regulations

Sources: bustler.com, calacademy.org, sfweekly.com, newyorkcityfeelings.com

California Academy of Sciences – LEED Platinum Building with Living Roof

Bank of America – LEED

Platinum Building with ICE

Storage for cooling

NearZero Energy Cities - Essential Elements4.Promote city and customer utilized renewable energy based on local

resource availability, including;• photovoltaics, • solar thermal, • wind, • geothermal,• biofuels• co-generation,• landfill gas or waste

-water methane• local smart grid

for integration

5.Establish clean and efficient public/private transportation services interconnected with neighborhood no-emission pooled vehicles using locally produced renewable fuels

11/3/2012 17

Sources: gadhia-solar.com, eere.doe.gov, avinc.com, oe.energy.gov, mmrdamumbai.org, ahmedabadbrts.com

Concentric Solar Thermal

Solar Photovoltaics

Geothermal Rooftop Wind

Solaire - Building

Integrated PV Smart Grid Applications

Metro Bus Rapid Transit System Plug-in Hybrids Shared Bikes

NearZero Energy Cities - Essential Elements

6.Encourage industrial symbiosis, energy efficiency and green accounting at firm/industry/zone/regional level

7.Promote energy efficiency and distributed energy/electricity/heat generation from water supply, waste water and solid waste systems; including maximum water and waste recycling

11/3/2012 18

Sources: eere.energy.gov, methanetomarkets.org,

suratmunicipal.org

Industrial Ecology

Individual Industrial Ecology

Inter-Industry SIR/SEZ Ecology

Inter-Regional Industrial Ecology

• Technology and Process Efficiency

• Eco efficiency• Green accounting at an industry level

• Life-cycle Analysis

• Industrial Symbiosis• Product Life-cycle Analysis

•Material, energy and products flows

•Budgets and cycles

8.Establish management frameworks for effective operation of urban infrastructure and services and develop frameworks for continuous improvements in the plans based on the performance of actual systems

Solidwaste methane

to energyWaste-water methane

to energy

Strategies for EcoDistricts in Mumbai

Focused Strategies for Deploying EE&RE in

Mumbai Metropolitan Region

• Designate Green Zones Guidelines

• Building Development Guidelines

• Incentives from MMRDA/City/State

• EE & RE financing options and funds

• Work with Banks on setting up low interest

financing

• MNRE/MOUD/BEE/MPSE Funding & Incentives

Develop NrZero Energy Districts &

Showcases

Multi-sector EE&RE Strategies for

Mumbai Suburbs/Navi Mumbai

Some U.S. Examples of Near-Zero

Energy EcoDistricts and Campuses

West Village

University of California, Davis

Net-zero Campus

• Carbon-neutral development

• Mixeduse neighborhood - @3000 students & 500

faculty members

• Green buildings – LEED Gold

• Renewable Energy

• Central and integrated green transit

• Integrated circulation network – bicycle & pedestrian

• Master Plan approved in 2003 – occupied Fall 2011

• Davis’ Low Carbon Diet Challenge

FortZED

Fort Collins, Colorado

Net-zero Energy District• Residential and commercial consumers @7000

• Downtown Fort Collins, Colorado Clean energy cluster –

University Research, Utilities and Companies

• Distributed Renewable energy (20 projects - solar PV, micro

wind), smart grid (advanced controls and inverters),

microturbines, plug-in-hybrid, energy efficiency (smart

buildings, DSM, thermal efficiency)

• Fosters local innovation, entrepreneurship and jobs

• 20-30% peak reduction of 45MW

• Rebates for residential and commercial consumers

• FortZED Community Challenge – Take it to ZERO

Treasure Island

San Francisco, CA

Project Location

Source: Arup

Treasure IslandSource: Office of Community Investment and Infrastructure, City and County of San Francisco

Wholistic Energy Approach

Source: Arup

Organic waste Processed on-site to generate energy and/or compost

100% native or regionally appropriate species used within landscaping

Urban agricultural park for local produce and education

5% energy generated through on-site renewables

Streets oriented to maximize solar exposure and protect against prevailing winds

Efficient infrastructure and utilities

Homeless or disadvantaged persons to fill 25% of all jobs

30% of all housing will be affordable

Multimodal transit center

Urban form enhances public realm and pedestrian experience

65% of the site is dedicated to parks and open space

Adaptive reuse of historic properties

Transportation network prioritizes pedestrians, cyclists, and public transit

High quality, frequent, accessible transit

Treasure Island Development Authority

Treasure Island Community DevelopmentTreasure Island

Sustainable Integrated Development at Its Best

Source: Office of Community Investment and Infrastructure, City and County of San Francisco

5% of Peak Demand – Commitment (2%) Business Optimized (33%)

Maximum Build Out (56%) Gas Offset (41%)

Electricity Offset (100%) Energy Offset (141%)

Solar PV Scenarios

Moving towards Near-Zero EnergyE

lect

rical

Con

sum

ptio

n as

a %

of C

A E

nerg

y C

ode

Source: Arup

15-Min Walk

INTERMODALHUB

WALKING DISTANCE / TIME3,000’ = 10 MIN. WALK (APPROX.)

Compact and Walkable | 100 - 110 Homes per acre | Convenient Transit Options

A Transit-First Community

12-Min Walk

9-Min Walk

6-Min Walk

6-Min Walk

3-Min Walk

3-Min Walk

9-Min Walk

12-Min Walk

Source: Office of Community Investment and Infrastructure, City and County of San Francisco

INTERMODAL

HUB

FERRY

TERMINALFERR

Y

13 MIN

TO

SF

SF MUNI / AC TRANSIT

PROPOSED SHUTTLE ROUTES

OPTIONAL EXTENDEDWEEKEND ROUTE

--- BUS LAYOVER

BUS STOPS

Transportation

Treasure Island

15-minute walk to transit hub | mode shi ft to ferries | bike friendly | incentives

A Model for Clean, Efficient Mobility Systems

What’s

changed?

• Intermodal

Transit Hub

• Bus ever 7

minutes and

ferry every 15

minutes during

peak hours

Source: Office of Community Investment and Infrastructure, City and County of San Francisco

Near-zero Carbon Development

Source: Arup

Can we scale-up India’s Green

Building Movement towards

achieving NET-ZERO ENERGY

EcoCities by deploying Energy

Efficient and Renewable Energy

solutions

The Challenge is:

THANK YOU

Brookhaven National Laboratory

Contact: VATSAL BHATT (vbhatt@bnl.gov)

www.bnl.gov/gars/set/epta.php

US Department of Energy

www.eere.energy.gov/international