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Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 1
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 1
Making Effective
Presentations!!!
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 2
Présenter:
Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 3
Content
Structuring Presentation
Designing Slides
Delivering & Timing
Presenter Behavior & Answering Questions© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 4
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 2
Structuring Presentation
Designing Slides
Delivering & Timing
Presenter Behavior & Answering Questions© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 5
Effective Presentation Skills
IntroductionBarack Obama• Only a senator for 2 years
• Unproven track record
• Unknown in politics until 2004
the next US
President!
Why?
Amazing public
speeches!
The aim of this presentation
• Never look at another presenter or public speaker in the same way again!
• Effective presenter
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 3
What is a presentation?
• A presentation is a formal talk to one or more people that "presents" ideas or information in a clear, structured way.
Definition & Importance of Presentation
“A structured , prepared and speech-based means of communicating information, ideas, or arguments to a group of interested people in order to inform or persuade them”
Objective Of Presentation
The objective of communication is Not the transmission but the reception.
The whole content of a speech must therefore be geared not to the speaker but to the audience.
The main problem is the people to whom you are talking.
Why Give a Presentation?
To Persuade
To Sell
To Inform
To Impress
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 4
The Art and Psychology of Effective Presentations
Who is presenting?
�The personality of the presenter drives the presentation ☺
�Sharpening the person
�Be sure you want to go ahead with the presentation.
What are you presenting?
�Content
�Apply the 80/20 Principle
�Never accept an undefined presentation
�Content fits the context of the “environment”
Introduction
“Tell them what you are going to tell them . . .”
Body
“ . . . then tell them . . .”
Conclusion
“ . . . and then tell them what you have told them.”
Chapter 12
Structure of a Presentation
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 5
� Beginning
"Tell them what you are going to tell them“
�Getting attention
�Statement of theme
�Building rapport
�Audience needs
Structuring the Presentation
� Middle
“Tell them"
�Points to be made
�Support material, examples, references, visual aids
�Possible audience objections/queries
Structuring the Presentation
� End
"Tell them what you’ve told them"
�Reiterate the theme
�Summary of points
Structuring the Presentation
Preparing for an effective presentation
�Research
�Choose your words, tenses, materials, pictures and title appropriately
�Employ the powers of IT
�Never rush
�Gbenga Sesan, “prepare as if you’re speaking to the UN”
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 6
5 Steps to Presentation Success
Prepare, prepare, prepare!
Quality materials=quality presentation
Body Language & Gestures
Speaking to impress
Practice, practice, practice!
3 months later . . .
• Adults will retain:
–90% of what they say as they do a thing
–80% of what they discover for themselves
– 70% of what they say or write
– 50% of what they hear and see– 30% of what they see– 20% of what they hear
– 10% of what they read
“a picture is worth a thousand words”
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 7
"Tell me and I will forget, Show me and I will remember, Involve me and I will understand".
Important Tips:
• Start with a quotation• Keep it short• A picture is worth a thousand words• Involve the audience• Produce an unusual statistic• Live with the fear• Avoid jargon• KISS: Keep It Simple Stupid• Don't use PowerPoint sound effects• Check out the room before your
presentation
KISS
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 8
• Keep it Simple Sam/ Stupid
• “Stay on target” – Star Wars A New Hope
• In writing, keep it to one page
• Presentations should last no more than an hour.
• The average attention span of children is 5 minutes; teens is 25 minutes; adults 50 minutes.
KISS KISS PowerPoint
• Less is better.
• Not too many colors.
• Not too much animation.
• Don’t distract from the main point.
• Don’t introduce anything that can distract the audience from your message.
Primacy and Recency
• Put the most important things in a list either FIRST or LAST.
• This goes for written, oral or PowerPoint.• Start or finish a meeting with the important
things.
Left versus Right Brain
• Left brain deals with words.• Right brain deals with art, music, colors,
pictures etc.
• Go after all the senses • visual graph• oral presentation
• and written words.
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 9
1 picture = 1000 words Humor (LOL)
• Avoid it
• However, every good presentation starts with humor….
More tips FOUR-IN-ONE
Every presentation is really four presentations:
• The one you PLAN to deliver• The one you ACTUALLY deliver• The one you WISH you had delivered• The one your audience HEARS
• "There are always three speeches, for every one you actually gave. The one you practiced, the one you gave, and the one you wish you gave." -- Dale Carnegie
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 10
AVOIDING “DEATH BY POWERPOINT”
• Limit slide to 30 words
• Use large, bold font
• 10-to-1 rule (laptop to screen)
• Avoid “distracting” transitions
• Do not use the media to hide you
• The media should enhance the presentation, not BE the presentation
• Remember, only you can prevent
“ Death by PowerPoint”
Structuring Presentation
Designing Slides
Delivering & Timing
Presenter Behavior & Answering Questions© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 38
Speaker Reads Slides
• Put his entire presentation on his slides.
• Reads the slides.
• The most annoying way.
• Audience members feel insulted.© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry
39
Speaker Interprets Slides
• Slides dominate– Provide all content– Hold audience’s
attention
• Speaker supports– Faces slides– Helps audience
understand© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry
40
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 11
Organization
• Carefully outline your presentation
• Organize around effective visual aids
• Careful use of humor
• Organize presentation with: – introduction– body– conclusion
Construction
• Appearance is EVERYTHING
• Allow at least one minute for each slide
• Mix modes
• Intersperse pictures or graphics wherever possible to catch reader’s eye
Preparation• Can you name the 3 most important
things when giving any presentation?
Number 1 is… Preparation
Number 2 is… Preparation!
Number 3 is… Preparation!!
Preparation is everything!
Prepare, prepare, prepare!
• “Fail to prepare – prepare to fail!”
• Checklist�Know your subject�Know your audience�Know your environment�Know your materials�Know your presentation!!
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 12
Practice, practice, practice
• Practice– Your timing– Your delivery style– Your posture & gestures
“An ounce of practice is worth more than tons of preaching.”
Mahatma Gandhi
Audience• "Who am I making this presentation to?"
• Business people? Professional people? Political people? Experts or non-experts?
• Will it be a small, intimate group of 4 colleagues or a large gathering of 400 competitors?
• How much do they know already and what will they expect from you?
No less than half an hour should be spent in preparation for 5 minutes of talking.
Suppose you have a talk to give, where do you start?
• Formulate Your Objectives
• Structure
The Plan Guidelines for Using Memorable Language
• Involve the audience.
• Refer to people, not to abstractions.
• Use interesting facts, figures, and quotations.
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 13
Simplicity and Clarity
• simple and clear .
• Use short words and short sentences.
• Do not use jargon.
• Talk about concrete facts rather than abstract ideas.
Use active verbs instead of passive verbs.
1.Toyota sold two million cars last year.
2.Two million cars were sold by Toyota last year.
Which is easier to understand?
Which is more immediate? Which is more powerful ?
No.1 is active and No.2 is passive.
Fonts
• Choose a clean font that is easy to read.
• Roman and Gothic typefaces are easier to read than Script or Old English.
• Stick with one or two types of fonts.
Font Size & Rule of 36
• Bulleted items should be no smaller than 22 points.
• The title should be no smaller than 28 points.• Size Matters (Can you read this 18 pt. easily?)
• Use font size 36• 6 lines per page, 6 words per line• Maximum of 36 words per page
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 14
PROMINENCE
1Most prominent
2Next prominent
3Least prominent
• Colors that are directly opposite from one another are said to clash.
• These provide readability -e.g. yellow on blue.
Clashing Colors
• Use dark blue or light background
Use Color Effectively
Graduated color is
appealing
Graduated color is
appealing
Color Affects Mood, Readability and Credibility
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 15
Color can distinguish a presentationColor can distinguish a presentation
Color affects the emotionsof the audience
during a presentationColor can distinguish a presentationColor can distinguish a presentation
Color affects how fastan audience can read
a visual
Color can distinguish a presentationColor can distinguish a presentation
Color affects how fast
an audience can read
a visual
Make It Clear (Colours)
• Use contrasting colours
• Light on dark vs dark on light
• Use complementary colours
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 16
Make It Clear (Contrast)
• Use contrasting colours
• Light on dark vs dark on light
• Use complementary colours
low contrast
high contrast
Make It Clear (Contrast)
• Use contrasting colours• Light on dark vs dark on light• Use complementary colours
This is light on dark
Make It Clear (Contrast)
• Use contrasting colours• Light on dark vs dark on light• Use complementary coloursThis is dark on light
Make It Clear (Complement)
• Use contrasting colours
• Light on dark vs dark on light• Use complementary colours
These colours do not complement
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 17
Make It Clear (Complement)
• Use contrasting colours
• Light on dark vs dark on light• Use complementary colours
These colours complement
GRAPHICS
Standard Personalized
67
GRAPHICS
Tired and overworked clipart
Fresh and memorable photo
68
GRAPHICSToo small
Spidery
Just right
Visible
A
B
C
Options
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 18
To make a slide stand out, change the font or background
Visual aids
• extremely effective means of communication • non-native English speakers need not worry.• Not to overload your audience's brains. • Keep the information on each visual aid to a
minimum • Give your audience time to look at and
absorb this information.
Keep It Simple (Picture)• Art work may distract your audience• Artistry does not substitute for content
Charts and Graphs
• Piechartsare circular in shape.
• Barcharts can be vertical or horizontal.
• Graphs can rise and fall.
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 19
Complicated Derivation
),()1,(
),(),(1
),()1,(
)1,(),(
1
1),(
)()(),(
1
1),(
),()()(
)()(),(
),()()())()((
),(
),()()1()()())()((
),(
),()()())()((
),(
),(/)()()()(
),(
0
0
0
0
0
0
pnCTnT
pnTpn
pnnT
nTpnT
pn
nnpnT
pn
pnTnn
nnpn
pnTnn
nnppn
pnpnpnn
nnppn
pnpnnp
nnppn
pnpnn
nnpn
≥⇒
−≥⇒
+≤⇒
++
≤⇒
+++≤⇒
+++≤⇒
+−+++≤⇒
+++≤⇒
+++≤
εε
ε
ϕσ
ε
ϕσϕσε
ϕσϕσψ
κσϕσϕσψ
κϕσϕσψ
κϕσϕσψ
Good Illustration >Complicated Derivation
Number of processors
Me
mor
y ne
ede
d pe
r pr
oce
ssor
Memory Size
Scales poorly
Scales well
“Wipe from Left” Works
• Less distracting• Reduces eye movement• Increases readability
Typical Eye Movement
• Upper left• Upper right• Lower left• Lower right
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 20
Keep It Simple (Text)Instructional Technology:
A complex integrated process involving people, procedures, ideas, devices, and organization, for analyzing problems and devising, implementing, evaluating, and managing solutions to those problems in situations in which learning is purposive and controlled(HMRS 5th ed.)
Too detailed !
Keep It Simple (Text)
A processinvolving people, procedures & toolsfor solutionsto problems in learning(HMRS 5th ed.)
Instructional Technology:
Much Simpler
Falling Leaves ObservedChristchurch Dunedin Wellington
January 11,532,234 14,123,654 3,034,564
February 1,078,456 12,345,567 16,128,234
March 17,234,778 6,567,123 16,034,786
April 16,098,897 10,870,954 7,940,096
May 8,036,897 10,345,394 14,856,456
June 16,184,345 678,095 4,123,656
July 8,890,345 15,347,934 18,885,786
August 8,674,234 18,107,110 17,230,095
September 4,032,045 18,923,239 9,950,498
October 2,608,096 9,945,890 5,596,096
November 5,864,034 478,023 6,678,125
December 12,234,123 9,532,111 3,045,654
Too detailed !
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 21
Falling Leaves in MillionsIn 106 Christchurch Dunedin Wellington
January 11 14 3
February 1 12 16
March 17 6 16
April 16 10 7
May 8 10 14
June 16 0 4
July 8 15 18
August 8 18 17
September 4 18 9
October 2 9 5
November 5 0 6
December 12 9 3
Much Simpler
Falling Leaves
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
January February March April May June July August September October NovemberDecember
Wellington
Dunedin
Christchurch
Too detailed !
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 82
Falling Leaves
0
10
20
30
40
50
January March May July September November
WellingtonDunedinChristchurch
Much Simpler
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 83
Complexity of Interactions
Mode of Instruction
Individual Pair Group
DirectInstruction
GuidedInquiry
DiscoveryLearning
IndividualInstructive
Tools
IndividualConstructive
Tools
SocialConstructive
Tools
SocialCommunicative
Tools
Informational Tools
Types of Instructional Tools
Too many in one go!
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 22
Complexity of Interactions
Mode of Instruction
Individual Pair Group
DirectInstruction
GuidedInquiry
DiscoveryLearning
IndividualInstructive
Tools
IndividualConstructive
Tools
SocialConstructive
Tools
SocialCommunicative
Tools
Informational Tools
Types of Instructional Tools
Progressive & thus focused
Keep It Simple (Sound)• Sound effects may distract too
• Use sound only when necessary
Make It Clear (Capitalisation)• ALL CAPITAL LETTERS ARE DIFFICULT
TO READ• Upper and lower case letters are easier
Make It Clear (Size)• Size implies importance
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 23
Make It Clear (Size)
• Size implies importance
Be Consistent
• Differences draw attention
• Differences may imply importance
• Use surprises to attract not distract
Be Consistent�Differences draw attention• Differences may imply importance• Use surprises to attract not distract
This tick draws attention
Be Consistent�Differences draw attention� Differences may imply importanceo Use surprises to attract not distract
These differences distract!
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 24
Be Consistent• Differences draw attention• Differences may imply importance• Use surprises to attract not distract
This implies importance
Be Consistent• Differences draw attention• Differences may imply importance• Use surprises to attract not distract
Confusing differences!
Be Consistent• Differences draw attention• Differences may imply importance• Use surprises to attract not distract
This surprise attracts
Be Consistent• Differences draw attention• Differences may imply importance• Use surprises to attract not distract
These distract!
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 25
Illustrations
• Use only when needed
• They should relate to the message
• They should help make a point
• Simple diagrams are great communicators
Elements of anEffective Summary
� Lets audience know you are summarizing
� Leaves audience with a clear, motivating, and memorable statement
� Summarizes the primary points and/or makes a call for action
� Is tied to the introduction to create unity
� Does not end with “thank you” or “that's the end”
Some Final Words
• Communication is the key
• Text to support the communication
• Pictures to simplify complex concepts
• Animations for complex relationships
• Visuals to support, not to distract
• Sounds only when absolutely necessary
Structuring Presentation
Designing Slides
Delivering & Timing
Presenter Behavior & Answering Questions© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 100
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 26
How should you present?
The Delivery
'Delivery' refers to the way in which you actually give your presentation.
Delivery is as important as content.
There are many key facets of the human body which deserve attention in presentation skills:
� The Eyes
� The Voice
� Expression
� The Body
4. Delivery
• Mechanics– Eye contact– Cue cards or script if desired– Variation (media, voice, position, ...)
• Voice– Speak clearly, distinctly– To audience, not screen– Proper tempo– Avoid monotone delivery
• Posture
4. Delivery
• Professional Demeanor – Confidence:– Respect your audience– Approach:– Dress to the level of the most important
audience member– Know your subject and be excited about it !
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 27
Adapting to Alternate Delivery Situations
Team presentations
Culturally diverse audiences
Distance presentations
• Use simple English
• Avoid words that trigger emotion
• Seek feedback to ensure understanding
• Consider the culture’s: ─ Preferences for direct or indirect presentation
─ Nonverbal communication
─ Conventions for greetings and farewells
Speaking with an Intercultural Audience
Guidelines for Delivering an Effective PresentationGuidelines for Delivering an Effective Presentation
• Use clear, articulate speech and proper pronunciation
• Avoid annoying verbal fillers
• Maintain eye contact
• Smile genuinely and use gestures naturally to communicate confidence and warmth
• Adjust presentation based on audience feedback
• Handle questions from the audience politely
• Keep within the time limit
Timing is Everything
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 28
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 109
Timing – Know Your Audience
• Consider not only calendar year, but day of the month, day of the week, and time of day
• Timing requires perspective.
• Friday 4pm is not a good time for anything.
• Summer is a bad time to propose anything.
• Be first or last on the agenda (primacy and recency).
Timing and Importance
Good Idea Bad Timing
Good Idea Good Timing
Bad Idea Bad Timing
Bad Idea Good Timing
“I’ve put half-baked ideas into great presentations and seen them soar, and I’ve put great ideas into bad presentations, and watched them die.” (emphasis added)
Professor Bob Garda,Fuqua School of Business, Duke University
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 29
Structuring Presentation
Designing Slides
Presenter Behavior & Answering Questions
Delivering & Timing
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 113
Speaking to Impress
“Great speakers aren’t born, they are trained.”
Presenting is a Skill…Developed through experienceand training.
Definitions
Presentation• “Something set forth to an audience for the
attention of the mind “
Effective• “…producing a desired result”
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 30
The Beginning and End of it
• You have just a few seconds to capture your audience.
• Don’t start with a joke.
• Make sure they know when you have finished.
This image cannot currently be displayed.
Tips and Techniques for Effective Presentation Skills
�Maintain good eye contact�Taking a stand�Vary your speaking volume�Use pauses�Do not read your presentation�Give handouts�Prepare and be confident�Use props, stories, questions, clips, examples
etc
Tips and TechniquesFor Delivery
• Do not read
• Do not put both hands in your pockets
• Speak to the audience…
• Speak clearly and loudly
• Learn the name of each participant
• Circulate around the room as you speak
• List and discuss your objectives at the beginning
• Get to the presentation before your audience arrives
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 31
Body Language & Gestures
• Appropriate gestures
• Positive body language
• Minimise movement
• Avoid distractions
Body Language
� What you do not say is at least as important as what you do say.
� It is better to stand when making a presentation.
� Avoid any repetitive and irritating gestures.
Physical Control
• Eye contact� Make sure to look at everyone while you are
speaking. � Eye contact helps the audience to listen
more effectively.� It makes each member of the audience feel
special.� It helps you to read your listeners’ nonverbal
messages to you.
Physical Control
• Body Actions� They help to work off nervous energy.� They help to emphasize a point.� Have natural movement.� You can monitor the effectiveness of your
message by watching the body language of your audience.
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 32
Physical Control
• Gestures� Facial expressions and hand gestures add life to a
presentation.� Gestures let your audience know the importance of
the topic and how you feel about it.� Try not to overdo the same gestures, as this can be
distracting.
Factors Affecting Platform Behavior
• Verbal Delivery� Focus on:
� Tone� Pitch� Rate� Force� Articulation
Verbal Delivery
• Tone�Tone is the quality and manner of
expression. � It should be upbeat and friendly and yet
concerned.� Use a tone that exudes authority. � Vary the tone of your voice.
Verbal Delivery
• Pitch� Pitch is the variety of high and low sounds
in your voice.� Try to vary your pitch, depending on what
point you are trying to make.� Try not to raise the pitch at the end of
sentences.
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 33
Verbal Delivery
• Rate� Rate is the speed of what you say.� Try to talk about 100 words per minute.� Pause during main ideas to create time for
your listeners to process the information and to organize your thoughts.
Verbal Delivery
• Force� Force is the loudness or softness of the
words that you say. � Speak to be heard, but not too loudly. � Adjust the level of your voice in case of
barriers (noises) and to emphasize key concepts.
Verbal Delivery
• Articulation� Articulation is the act of vocal expression,
utterance or enunciation.� Speak clearly and distinctively.� Pronounce words correctly.
A Positive MessageDO• Stand straight and tall, chin
up, chest open• Knees unlocked, head up and
shoulders released down• Smile and make good eye
contact with the audience• Show some energy and
enthusiasm• Do gesticulate and move• Think about your image!• Dress for success• Breathe and relax• Connect with an audience• Close positively
DON’T• Hide behind furniture• Cover your body by folding
your arms or holding your notes.
• Fidget or flap about in an embarrassed way.
• Engage in peculiar physical habits
• Apologise• Tap your feet • Clear your throat repeatedly • Bite your lips or nails• Do not stand in front of the
screen when the projector is on
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 34
What to wear...
The 'must' rulesLook at the whole picture,starting at your head and ending at your feet.
Hair Style
Make Up
The outfit
Making a good “First Impression”
• The way you dress is the single biggest nonverbal communication you make about yourself.
• Your dress conveys success, trustworthiness, intelligence and suitability.
• Lean towards the conservative side of style.• Avoid loud colors and printed fabrics• Make sure your clothes are nicely pressed.
What should I wear?
I
Don’t
Think
So !!
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 35
Clothing Tips for Men
• Conservative 2-piece dark suit, navy blue or medium to dark gray.
• Long sleeved blue or white shirt.
• Silk tie complimenting in color or style
• Black dress socks• Dark polished shoes and
matching belt• Jewelry – No bracelets,
earrings or large rings.© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry
137
<< Business Casual
Business Formal >>
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Dress for Success
Clothing Tips for Women
• Dark conservative suit. Two piece 1 or 2 button jacket
• Black well polished shoes with 1 to 1½ inch heels.
• Limited conservative jewelry.
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry
143
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© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 37
Dress for Success
Forget Everything and Run!
• Presenting or speaking to an audience regularly tops the list of people’s worse fears
• Feared More Than Death!• THE FACTS: Shaky hands, blushing cheeks,
memory loss, nausea, and knocking knees
F.E.A.R.
FEARS OF AMERICANS
SPEAKING
DYING
41%
19%
London Sunday TimesOctober 7, 1973
THE FEARSOME FIVE
• Fear of rejection• Fear of evaluation• Fear of embarrassment• Fear of forgetting• Fear of questions
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 38
BENEFITS OF NERVOUSNESS
• Properly controlled, can create enthusiasm
• more likely to plan and practice
• Overly confident presenters more likely to “wing it,” resulting in a rambling, unfocused presentation and unsatisfactory answers
Overcoming the Fear of Public Speaking
9 P's: � “Prior Proper Preparation Prevents Poor Performance of the Person
Putting on the Presentation” .
� Know the room � Know Your Material� Learn How to Relax � Visualize Yourself Speaking� Concentrate on Your Message� Use involvement techniques (participation)� Learn participants' names and use them� Establish your credibility early by stating your ex perience,
qualifications, successes etc� Use eye contact to establish rapport� Obtain information about the audience in advance� Manage your appearance (dress comfortably and appro priately)� Use your own style (don't imitate someone else) � Introduce yourself to the group in advance (via a s ocial context)
Rehearsal
• Good preparation and rehearsal can reduce nerves by 75%
• become more familiar with what you want to say
• identify weaknesses in your presentation
• be able to practise difficult pronunciations
• be able to check the time that your presentation takes and make any necessary modifications
12 telltale signs that Audience is not Listening
� Start to look down� Touch or rub the face, hand or hair � Eyes glaze over and look at the screen� Fidget� Yawn� Flip through their notes� Make copious notes� Sigh heavily � Lie back in the chair and cross their arms� Scan across the room� Whisper� Tap their feet
Making Effective Presentations by Dr. Owais Shafique
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 39
Audience Rapport
• Enthusiasm is contagious. • If you are enthusiastic your audience will be
enthusiastic too. • establish eye contact with each member of your
audience. • in as natural a way as possible. • gives the opportunity to detect signs of boredom,
disinterest or even disagreement, allowing you to modify your presentation as appropriate.
Recap - Common Mistakes
• Reading a speech word for word• Reading a PowerPoint presentation• Speaking too fast• Mumbling• Failing to make eye contact with the whole
audience – e.g. turning to face a whiteboard etc• Being too serious• Speaking in a monotone• Annoying physical or verbal habits• Lack of energy and enthusiasm• Going over time.
Presentation Grading
• Presentation Style (10 points)– Professional, delivery style, speech
• Visual Aids (10 points)– Readability of slides, appropriate length of
presentation
• Technical Content (15 points)– Talk structured well, essential parts there,
research communicated effectively
• Q&A (5 points)– Able to respond effectively to questions, admits
when answer is not known, gives reasonable replies
Really Good Presenters
• Organize your material in the way that is most comfortable.
• Rehearse, rehearse, rehearse! • Helps "work out the bugs" • And polish the presentation. • a rehearsal usually will run about 20% shor.ter
than a live presentation
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Really Good Presenters …
• concentrate on deep breathing and relaxing. “Expect and accept nervousness!”
• Your opening should be simple and exciting• Start off with a natural pace • establishing a strong, positive image. • how you look, sound, and come across are vital. • Talk to your audience, not at them.
Really Good Presenters …
• Speak in short and simple sentences. • Never apologize for yourself or your credentials. • Do not criticize anything about the session, city,
or setting. • Never indicate you don't have enough time• Make your conclusion memorable.
Influence Strategies
• Inspiration• Rational Persuasion• Consultation• Ingratiation• Personal Appeal• Exchange• Pressure• Legitimating• Coalition
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Question and Answer
• Observe diplomacy and tact– people ask questions for a variety of
reasons, not necessarily to get further information. Above all, don’t lose your cool or get defensive. Keep on track
– repeat the question for benefit of the audience and to make sure you heard it right (this also helps you organize your thoughts). Answer the question. Do not elaborate unless asked to do so.
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• Watch assertions– “In my opinion..” only works if you are qualified to
give an opinion. Defer to facts and resources when possible.
• Don’t lie– It’s unethical ! Assume that the audience knows
everything about the topic -- if you lie and get caught, they’ll kill you. If you don’t know don’t b e afraid to say “I don’t know”. Tell the questioner that you do not have the answer right now but you would be happy to look it up, or discuss the concept with him or her at a later time.
Question and AnswerOpportunities
• Welcoming gestures• Focusing gaze• Body language• Getting point• Reinforcing message• Including audience
Pitfalls
• Hostile gestures• Wandering gaze• Body language• Missing point• Seeking approval• Excluding audience
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Dangerous Responses
� “Good question”
� “I’m glad you asked that question”
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Final Advice
• Vary the teaching methods you use,• Be Prepared• Ask Questions, Answer Questions• Incorporate diverse audiovisual materials, • Involve your audience.• End on Time
THE FINAL ARROW
• Reduced version of your “ 3”• Your “ closing argument”• Audience likely to remember
• Complete in about fifteen seconds
Summary
Structuring Presentation Gently
Design Slides Carefully
Delivering & Timing Efficiently
Presenter Behavior Effective& Answer Questions Inclusively© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 167
MY FINAL ARROW
“ If, through some inscrutable act of providence, I were to lose all my faculties save one, I would wish to retain the gift of speech, for through it, I would soon regain all the others.” Senator Daniel Webster
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Thank you for your attention and best of luck with your future
presentations!!!© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 169
• © 2007 MAKING PERSUASIVE PRESENTATIONS &
EFFECTIVE PRESENTER BEHAVIOUR PRESENTATION.
All rights reserved.
© Dr. Owais Shafique Chaudhry 170
Any Questions???
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