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MAGR GOVS MN 2000 EP no.73*
0008JfJ73 . J,
No. 73
. ----MAKING COMMUNITY SURVEYS
Helps·· ·Suggest ions·· ·References
Lowry Nelson and Olaf Wakefield
Agricultural Extension Service University Farm, St. Paul, Mtnnesota \
Introduction
HELPS IN MAKING COMMUNITY SURVEYS
Lowry Nel~on and _Olaf Wakefi~ld.if..
'Tabl.::.: of Ocntents
Who -should make Surveys· How to Organize Relation to the Community Limitations of this Outline
. The B:Lbliography
What is the Rural Community Definitions of the Ru:rial· ·community
Community History
Local Government
Edu~ation
R~lig;Lon '• \
Commun:i, ty Organiz_at:ions
Public Welfare
Recreation
Reading References
. · .. ~ : .. ' . ·. ' .
.. ··.
I.;'
Social Surveys and Community Score Cards Examples of. Rural Studies . and Surveys '. · · Sugges:~E.'.d ~eading: List; on the Rural Community and ·Rural Sociology
Suggested Frunily: Schedule f 6rm 'f.or Sqcia.l Surv-ey .: ..
Journals· · · ·~~~~~~,.----~..,..-~~~~-:--...--~~-~
'' . Introduction
' .
The idea for this litt~e publication grew m.~t. of a .. ni.unber. eif i~equests. received from various individuals in the State vrho were seeking help and guidance in conducting surveys. Inforest in cor.unup,i,ty. surveys is apparf~ntly rather widespread. Ministers of' churches, educat,ibn ·autho:i:'i ties·~· agricul ture.l leaders, social workers, civic orgunizations, and he&.ltb agencies represent perhaps the chief groups who are p(;t,,~ntia.l 'sponsors of' r~ommup.i ty surveys. Some organizations are obv:Lui.tsly interested orily 'in 'the, study of particular phases of community life,. such as h1ja~th·, rec:reation~ .. religfon; etc.: It is the plan in this puplication ,to provide ]?alpfu.l · sug,?;flstions .. in making studi.es in these differ&nt fi·elds ,_ as ··vre·11. as to tbos.e who v1ish to undertake - ' general surveys.
The social survey is a m12Jaf1S of g·e'tting i:I. qui~k picture of the or€:snizQtions and social rosC)urces: of a comiri-i.mi ty. It is an· inv~t.ory of the .people and the orgf..nizations throi1.gh which their socia+ intercourse is carried. o:r:i.. _________ ..,. ____ _..__ . . ' ' .. .
~~ Mr.' Nelson is· rur·i:J.l sociologist and Mr. V~ak~field ;is graduate assist~i:i.t. in rural sociology at the Univl":l:rsity'.:of Minn.ea·bt·a:.. ... . . .·. · :· ..
.... :...2.:...:.
It is usually undertaken in: response, to th.e felt need on the po.rt of responsible individuals or groups for readjustment of relations in some phase of community life. They may be aware of. some ine.dequacy in their school system, local government, health or recreation. Before they can feel certain of the nature of the difficulty und its causes, all essential facts must be gathered and carefully analyzed. Only then can recomrnendati.on be made a.s to the most. desirable action to be taken. The survey providf,:!S the neC:e.ssary facts.
Surveys may be very general, aiming at a complete analysis of community organization. Such a study was made by Robert and Hel~I) M. Lynd, and published in the volumes Middletovm and Midd.letovvn in Transi tionY Or, they may be specific, covering only one aspect of social life. Such surveys are those of local health conditions, recreation, etc.
Who Should Make Surveys
While anyone who so desires might undertake a soci5.l survey, ir.discriniinate schedule-taking is to be discouraged. Some people a.re grt:Hltly annoyed by 11 questionnaires" and "interviews", especially when they are not fully informed as to their purpose. This fuct makes it highly desirable that community surveys be undertaken by responsible local committees or organizations rntber than by individuals, and then only after careful exploration of the need and th~ purpoee to be served. Unless there is a need, and un.less the purpose is cler~rly defined and understood by all, the survey better not be unclertakcn. This is meant. only as caution, and not to discourage the me.kine of useful surveys.
!:!.9.!!.. to .. Organize
The idea of making a local. study um1ally originates in. the mind of one person. The originator should discuss the id1:1a in a preliminary way with others anci if they rospond favorably, some local orge..nization might well be approachec~ end :J.Sked to serve as sponsor. It r.:ight be a ci vie organization, P.T.A., or similar body. After a sponsor is obtained., the organization of a central cormnittee should be effected. This co:rrJ!littee should discuss fully the purpose of tb.~ survey r;.ncl after agreement hi:i.s been reached, the entire community should be:inforr.ieci, and sug,~estions invited. A director of the survey should be appoint.:~J, f..:nd it m~.y bG found u...<Jeful to have subcornmi ttees work on separate phases o-f the survey.
Relation to the Community
It is .important that the whole community. be kept informed on progress of the survey, and. ther1::by prepc..red :for utiliziYJ.g or putting int9 practice the results of. tho i1tudy: These ::.esults r,my 1 for. exar::plc, show rather clearly the need for ::i.aking c.::rtain ch~mges in comr.m.ni ty organization. These changes may involve some Sf;tCrifico:'; on the pa.rt of certain ci tizcms; a.t 10ast they rr,a.y mean ovorcoming prejuC::.ices and previously cherished 0 pinions. The:3e impediments to progress rre .. y be largely overcome if the \!'thole community is te.ken into the confidence of the cor'.lmi ttee in chr-;rge, and fully inf ormed--ritap by step--of the proeress being r:1t.ic;le, Under such conditions the community itself shores the responsibility for the survey, and for ·the results. One of the most eff cct:L ve vrays of 1: •. cquainting the community with a projected survey and of enlisting community support is the prudant use of publicity in the local newspapers.
1/ Ifo.rcourt, Brnco & Co. !LY~ 1929 and 1937.-
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Limitations of this Outline
The outline which follows contains items on which the survey should gather facts, in a number of different fields. These items constitute only a partial. and suggestive' list. They should be supplemented; and where the items do not have local Significance they Should, of C$'UrSe, be ignored. Additional help and guidance may be secured from experts in the respective fields in the County and State offices, and in the State University.
The Bibliography
There is a list of books, bulletins, and articles included herein, many of which can be secured without charge, and which will be found helpful to individuals and local organizations planning to undertake community surveys.
What is the Rural Community?
When a decision is made to survey a rural community, the question always arises as to how much territory to include. If you live in a village, you may, of course, want to restrict your study to the limits of the village proper. Yet you will realize at once that the village could not exist apart from the dwellers in the open country.
On the other hand, if you live in the open country and contemplate a local study you may consider that your community is the local school district, or the area served by -the cooperative creamer; or the gas and oil station. Second thought invariably suggests that you are very dependent upon the trade center a few miles away, and that a study of your local situation is incomplete without reference to the larger area which includes at least one and perhaps several centers. It is apparent at once that the modern rural community consists not alone of the· trade center, nor of the neighborhood groups around schools, churches, creameries, etc. , in the · open country, but is a composite ·of both of these main elements. Various sociologists have defined the rural community, using slightly different language, but expressing essentially this same concept. Some of these definitions are as follows:
Definitions of the Rural Community
"It is difficult, if not impossible, to avoid the conclusion that the trade zone about one of these rather complete agricultural civi'c centers forms the boundary of an actual, if not legal, community, within which the apparent entanglement of human life is resolved into a fairly unitary system of interrelatedness. The fundamental community is a composite of many expanding and contracting feature communities possessing the characteristic pulsating instability of all real life." Galpin, G. J., "The Social Anatomy of an Agricultural Community," p. 18. Research Bulletin 34, Agricultural Experiment Station, UniverRity of Wisconsin, 1918. Cited in Kolb, J .H •. and Brunner, E.deS;, A Study of Rural Socie.ty, p. 110. Houf.~hton Mifflin Company, 1935.
"A rural community is that form of association maintained between the people, and between their institutions, in a local area in which they live on dispersed farmsteads and in a villttge which is the cent1:ir of their conunon activities." Sanderson, Dwight and Polson, Robert A., Rural Community
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Orgruiization, p. 50. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1939.
"The term cornmuni ty----npplios to a limited grouping of people of all ·ages having a morri or less eommon culture ~nd:. liying ip . .a,,defin:i.te region in which they find a geogr~phical center for most o,f t).'leir ·Co1;nmq:>n interests and hab:i,.t$ • 11 . Young, Kimball; An ·Jntroductor;t Sociology; p. 5, American Boo~ Company, 1934 •.
"A commurii ty .adviser defines· a. community o.s 1 a: group or company of people living fairly close together in & more or less compact, contiguous. territory, who act together in the chi,;f concerns of life, 1 " Hieronymus, R.E., Balancing Countty Life, p. 60, Association Press, New Yor~.;·.1917. Cited in Hiller, E. T q Principles of Sociology:, p, 20. Harper; and Brothers Publishers, 1933. . . ·
"The .. ·cornmunity· is the first ·social group in modern J.if.e to ap:t,Jroach self-sufficiency. Neither individuals nor institutions are self-sufficient, nor is a community in the sense that it could build a wall around itself without fealing its isolation from tho rest of the 1J1tb·r1d. By community self-sufficiency is meant that the cormnunity has all the major social insti tutions.-"C'hom·es, churches, .industries·, schools, and gover.nment---as ,part of its . soci:al machino:r.:y, and that .t~he p,eople, interests, and occuuations within it are sufficiently diversified to supply all tbe type.s .of human .. services and ·re,lations nece.ss.:1.ry to. mr.:ike everyday li;fr3 a going concer11. In other words,' every need and. want in lif.e r.:ust be supplied by the commtinity to its people through some agency that is a part of i is social machinery. 11 · ·
Carl C, Taylor, Rural Socioloro:,.Harper arid ;Brothers, New York, 1933. Pp. 549-550. . " '
· coTI>.ffiunity ilist;0i-y · -· - - ',. -;;- - -
(r·fost citizens tako. keen in tex;est in i~arnirig so~:.etbi0g of the history· of t,he community in which they live •. Eistorica,J knowleclg~i, hpwovor, doesn't come.·easy, p..nd unless.soir,eone.f!10:kes ·it a point' -Lo be, ii1formed on the subject, the inhabita,nt.s may ;Ic:ww very. .li.ttle s.bout. i~.· Hif;to:c-ic81 information is · considered indispens.abl-?.i J.d;ckgr91.md. tq :t,t1e: mnk.ipg 0nd interproting of a contemporary• s:urvey~}: · . · ··, · . . · ' ·
Among the items to consider are the followini:
1. Date of first settlement. 2. Origin of first settler:3. Foreign 'countries: ··c1t~it·es 'in -u.s .. J. · Na:tibn&.J:i'tn religion; and, opcU;;:1atipn of f~rs.t: s;ett~ers. :
· 4~ . To: wha:t: e:x±t<=mt .. c,:l:oes: the. preaent popul& tion represe~1t descendents · of .the or.ig.in~,.l settlers .• : .. .
5;. , Da;te commiJnity wu.s· inco:rporateq.- ·population r .. t th9:t "t.ir:1e. : 6. · Compe.re the· pre:sent popula-~iqn.v.ri:th that. at time oLfirst · ..
census, ten years ;:,~go,. :i:;.nd fivt:; YO$:rS .. a;:,Q•,. Factors responsibl(~ for inc.r.o<;;.se: o,r dccreo.si::. in po.pulp ~ion "S!;Jj,,fts:. · ·.
7. .Has_ c;:oJP.riyni ty life in .p~i;st ):.>ee:n .. G~ri9us:}.y ,affected by tornµcfoes, fire·~, floods, etc. : · , . . . .
8, De·SCr·ibe briefly 'the outstanding 1,;r;:ad,E:JrS .of ,the community . in the past and t:heir influence oh comrnuni ty ,acti vi.ties.
9. What famous son.s or daughtors hL1v0 m:Lgrc.rted from the comn"uni ty. Pre;sent occrupation. P.resfmt: location •
. r.I
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Suggested sources .of data.:
1. Histo:ry of state or county local library 2. State Historical assodation 3. Eariiest settlers now living in community 4. Newspe.p·ers. · .
Health and Sanitation
I. Water Supply and Sewage Disposal
.... 1. Wh.a,t loca,Ldepartment of government supervis.es ~l"}e .<;>P,eration of the· publ,ic water Sl,lpply? .. Source of "water? How is. the· .water 'purified? Frequencies of tas'ts·to determine purity·of water?
' . ' I • '
2. Have there been recent typhoid fever or other water ;borne epid_em~,cs ~n t)le, Yi.;L~age or open country caus~d _by t~.e Pll;b~~q wate~ supply?
3 ., , Are ·:privdte. ~ells and .Cisterns pro~er°ly located;~· corr'st±;uct:ed;, ... and opera, ted, to il).~ure a. pure supply' of water for. home 9, in.' the v'illage . ~d country? (SurvE.:.y of source.of water supply .for, home.s .m.i,ght. be ·made .through public schools, using bulletin of Minnesota D0partment of Health entitled· "Small" Water Supplies. "and Sewerage .sy·stema" as a guide.}
., ... 4. Do ~he Local, county or state health authorities provide informa
tiori c .. onc'err+in'g ;the· ·proper loca.tion, construction and ·:operation :of .Private water ·~~~pl.i<?S'? .. · · ". ·>: , . . · . ·· " ... · · . · . :.· . · · . ; ·
..
5. What sanitary standards, if any, are prescri.eed by sta~ law i ··
.or ].ocal ord:j.nan.ce gqyc:.n;-n;i~g p,rivate su,pplies of water? • . i ' : : ; . ~. • ! . : \ . • '. • . . . . . f '; . . • : . '. . • ••. . .' i . . ·_, . . . .
6. D~·scfrib~''the ·s~wS:gEi· dispos·a1 system :in the'cornmuri:ity. Numbe:i. of dwe:Llings not ~e.rv:e9. by the sewage systf3ID? Reason? Number of homes with c.ess .p'ools ,, ·. sei.1t:i,c· ta.ilks;· and no . sew&:g'e · d:lspcisal? .· Is . sewage discharged to any lak~'or 'stre~.lnd. Trl-~u~~ci or·u,.'1tre11tod? ~:,· ... ;' ... , . ; ·
7. To what extent do village and county citizens comply with ;i6ca1· and/or State. Dopar.trr1:E;nt. of: Healtb specifications in th.e.;c,onst.r:u.ction. and location of out-doo.r ,.pri'vies'? · . (U's.e bulleti1:i. of f<linnet:fota :Oe.'fpar·tmertt of Heal th.: :enti.-t;,led . 11 T~~):iani tary. Privy" ·.as a. guid6.) . " ,· · · . · :~·. ·. :.·· ·· ...
· . ' · 8. Are· there public comfort··~sta.tio~s in the: commlini ty? .. If.· so., do they have modern equipment and are they properly cal;'ed.foi: .and regul~rly inspected?
. ' .. '··· . ! . . ' •·' . .
9. Describe the present system of garbage disposal ~n~.any .imrr9:i:ements needed to Sfafeguard the health of the citizens.
II Food Supply· .. , . ; ~ . .
1. Who are the local, county or state officials charged with the·· enforcement of laws r.egarqing ttie pr.oduction, pasteurizat~on, and distribution ·of milk? ... '.·What '&rie. their: dut~es? .·
'•,I' .. 2. How frequently are cows tested for tubercul~sis and bangs disease?
Is the milk bacterially tested? How frequently? What proportion of market . . . milk is pasteurized? · -
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3. Survey of milk consumption by tol\vn. or viliage' fam:llie~. What proportion of families according to curren_t l',le;;tl th_ standards have an adequate milk supply?
4. What local or state ·agency is rl9sponsibie;for the i~spection of meat markets, food stores, e&ting and drinking establishments bakei•ies etc. Ha;e licenses been revo~ed.due to the failure of propri~tors to ' comply with loc~l or state sanitary requirem~nts in the handling and dispensing of food? ·
III Health Organizations and Program
l. List the type of service rendered, number of' beds, average number of patients per month or per year, and· the controlling board for each hospital, dispensary, clinic and all other health facilities in the co~munity and the county.
2. Calculate the number of hospital beds per 1,000 population in the community and county. (Allowance should be- made here :for beds in a hospital located in a community closely {idjacent to the bulk o.f the county population, but nevertheles:s located .ou;t,side of the c_ounty. It is better to have fewer good hospitals,_than more poor ones.)
J. Have citizens of the community and county been unable to obtain hospitalization owing .to the lac~ of hospital facili ti.es?
4. Have the present ho'spi tal facil:lties ava.ilable to the ci ti.zens of the community and the county been approved by the American Medical Association, American College of Surgeons, anrl tho State Department of J:letlth?, .J:f . ..UOtfc" W.bY°?,. . .· .. , .... ,. "" ,~ -· .,._, , ,_ .... -_..,. .. ; .. -f. '·iT f•f"'F.''. ,.<''''.-. ~ .. ~.,. ·.
5. Number of resident physicians in t~e community and county? Interns? Graduate nurses? Student nurses? Practical Nurses? Midwives?
6. Does the county or community have a Health Officer? Describe his duties as prescribed by state law. Vl:hat oerson or· organization· in the community and county is responsible for the registration of births and deaths'l
7. Obtain from the local or State Health Department the nurr:ber of births and deaths in the community and county for each of.the past five years. What is the number of births and deaths ;_-i,')r l,,OOO pooulation? Factors responsibl~~ for chEillgas. in the birth and deatn rat•3S~ Number of maternal and infant deaths. (under 1 year.) These _should be adjusted for place of residence. ·
8. Is th,e county included ir1 a Rural Health District of the State Health Department?
9. Are meetings conducted by representatives of the State Health Department for the purpose of "educating" the citizens in the })roblems of health? Frequency?
10. Describe the health program condu,cted ~:n the schools of the community. Are students given physical examinations? Ir.ununizod against smallpox and diphtheria before entering school? Examin~ct by dentist?
References:
Ehlers, Victor M., and Settl, Ernest W., ,Municipal and Rural Slilli tat:Lon,
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~ McGraw.-Hill Book Co.; Inc., New York, 1927.
Fos.ter, . William T., Doctors,, Dollars, and '.Dis"Et§!.Se, Public. Af f.air.s C.dmmi ttee, Inc. , 8 West 40th. St., New York, Pamphlet No. 10, .' 1937 i.' ·.:IO cents.
Hiscock, Iva V., Connunity Health Organization, E. L. Hildreth and Co., Inc., Brattleboro, Vt., 3 FiJ.., 1939.
'I'oward Better National Heal th., . by the Interdepartmental. Co,r:un:ittee to Coordin~ te :He.a.lthi an.Q.. :Welfare Ac ti vj,. ties, Governmen't,: Printing. ·
I.
Office, Washington, D. C. , ,
'' Local Government
Government Officials l. List the elective and appointive positions +ri .(~) :tJ~e 6o'knunityY
(whether city., vill9ge; or organized tovmsJ::iir); (h) 'the county; and (c). the .schobl district.
2. How are local officials nominated and el<?Ctf~d'i. ' 3. What is the ti.tle'of the cl:"tlei' executive ofi'~cial, i.f any, in the
community. (city, village, or o:r;ga!).i~ed tmvnsJ::1ip)? · L, • . Wha~ o:f;fiCeI'.S. l}CIVe the powqr of a,ppqi,ntment ·~d r~mqval frorr. office
of subordinates?· Power· of renioval for what causes?:"; · · 5. What public body. or agency is respO!}.$ib+e. fdl;' 'pa~si~fi; of ordinances
·in the _cqur~ty; :villag~, 'organized township, :or cifor1_ J)l:umoer of members? Term of officE;'t EL.::cted> or appointed? ·'Are. the· meetings of the. publi.c ,bo(ly or agency. in r:i)ach ca.se qµep to all' 9itl.zens in the community?. ; ,· : , . " . . · , . . . , . · . . · ·
6; List. the·public body o,rbod{es. and mernbi~:r. ... s of'~ach respons:j:J)le f'or (a) levying t~cs; .@d (b.) drawing up 'the &.rirn~e.l ,1!uc1get •.. ·
7. What attempt, '.if ~ny;: i.s mad.e to dete:('.m:j.n~ th? .. qµ,<;lifications of . prospective :appo:i;ntees .. to p0sition;r:l i:q t~e lo.cal gove.rnr.'.ent uni ts (county, city, village, towrn~l~ip, and, schoql q:],.s,trict)?
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. rr. .Sqirvices of Local Government .. 1.
2.
3.
List the public Services. riendered .in ;the ·c.om."nl;ID:\;;ty ·l)y $.tate, county, to wt.ship, schei61 district' .ond the cc)Dirntll'l.ity itself' i.e.'·. city' village, tni.Vnship, or· sehool, district. · Is there any>duplic;;~tiori 1of 1 services ;r.:f.ndered·inde;;endemtly;by cu1y of ·the govel:'nmen t units·. within 'the ·corar:•;uni ty? : · .. ·· i , ·
Are safety zones and polic0·protection (traffic officers) provided in the school districts?' · . '· · ·
·L;;' What are the :provisions; if :any, for ifit.e protect:i:on? · .Volunteer or raid fire department? Ar:e water hydr&nts located within range of all residences? · ·Is fir2 )rotection :c .. vaila;~·le to: ,farm J1omes ne0,r the community? If so, on what te:r-r.1s do fa.1-Il1Eirs pay .for se:rvice? Ty;:-ie
··of c>rgahization'? ' 5 • What has been the trend in insurai1ce rates for the r-·ast five years?
Does th8 insurance rate incren:se or d.ecreas·e with changes in tho a1!1ount of' ;,)roperty loss fron yer;,.r to y0ar? ·
6. What local regulo.tions, if any, exist regctrding firo hc.zards in public schools, churches, then.tres, court house, tovm hall, etc .. ?
7. Is m-1 equcaticnal pr.ogram in fir~ r1.revention c::-trried on in the. local schools ·or elsewhere? ' · : 1.:
8. · .V\hat ·organizations, if any, in your· coriunuili ty fost·er ·:educational progra.ius to prevent traffic accident:i ::u:. !.d to s"tudy: Ii1ethods of regulating traffic~?
2/ The term community is U'El·3d herein to includu village, city and organized 'township.
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9.
10.
List any public services (such . as welfare, recrea~~on, e~tc;_.) of government which. have peen added, during· the pa'st: f·ive':iears. List any public services of government which have been discontinued during the past. f.~~~.,:.Y~§,rs; ... .W.dicating ·the yE:lar· and··re·iison" services were .discontinued.· · · ::
III •. P.arti€ipation in Lo·cal GQvemmen:t. 1. Froportion of population over 21 years of age in the ~ounty who
voted in last presidential election. 2~- · Proportlon of population ·regularly attending township .nieet~rigs?·
~cho.o;l district meetings.?· ·,, . . . ,, · ·: : .... ·. " J. Names of organizations and approximate membershi·p· in .the; ·e:hrnmuni ty
whose primary purpose is to acquaint citizens with governmental processes and problems.
IV. Recent Trends in Local Government ... : ; , ., .. . . ~ . . . . .\
.1. Sources. of _"\:-he community's, r~venue. . , ..... , ; . a:. . Real e.sti1te·; p~rsonal,. and other· taxes •.. · .· ' .
· '·, · b. · Federa:l," state, and/or county approprinti'oits"'for ~p~cific services, i.e., schools and :roads. '.. · · , : .. '
c. List any other sources . and. amoiint Cieri ved f~om. each.~ : · . d. · Tot~J. revenue from all sources for . past- .thr~e . .Or;. wore years. 2 •. .What ~as"b13en the trend· in the. asse·sr,;ed valuatib~ 1 o'f ·~iffer~nt
·. ·· ·classes of· property in recent ·years? . · · · · · J. At what iriter1"als are re-assessments made? .. ''.. :·. ..
·:·;4~··· What:government"unit elects or appoints.thetax .. ·assesSo!;'? 'What ·... ' · .:are his qualifications? · ·· · : · · · . · ::: · ". ,·.:
·5·~ -List,_.the assessed value of real·prope·rty exempted:·froin taxation for . each 'of"the 'past 5 vears-,. i.e~, schools' and· 'church~s.· '·.
6. rn.st the amount o.f --delinquer.rt taxes· fi'JT each of ',ttte' past 5 years. ·Proportion this was: cff ·the total. taxe·s a'.ssess'ed: each "ya~r. ·
7. Total bonded indebtedness of community -for ·each··o:f the past 5 years. 8· •. : ·lJl:'hat ·was the ·total' cost of g6verrnrient.· in '.your corriniunity, county and
· .school .district .for 'each 'of the past· five: ,ye·arsi · · . . 9. Determine the total·cost of government-±n each department of
government in the community for each of the past five years, i.e., heal th and sanitation, education, and ·policte alnd fire protectfon. :
,.10. Hqw do .the;: above figur:es· compare ·with· comr.mnities :o·f :similar size .in the same county: or other nearby·.c.ounties? . · '
11. Is an approved system o-f budgeting. f'Ollowed .by :theL di:vi'flion having control ·aver c.ommuni ty finances? Are qualified axaminers and the citizens given an opportunity to study the annual budget before it is _approved? .. Are public hearings held: before ·the -.bud.get i:S adopted?
12. What procedure is followed in case .the e·stirnated. budget fails to . , .cover e;x:penses for the fi.scal year?. ..
lJ. ·. How ,often anO. by whom are the public-..acc.ounts audited?.,. Results of .the audit pµblishi;id ~.n local newspaper?: · · , · .. ,
14.• Is, a st£iJ'.ldardized ·$Y$tem of a,ccounting used, by the· f.i·scal division? 15. Is there a centralized purchasing agency for,· all.:· governmental units
in· ·the c.omrnunity'? · ~re competitive. bicls obtained before :.supplies are purchased?
References: . i · ..
·Anderson~ ·Willi~~ The. Unit~ of Go~ernment in. the United States·; P11blic · · ·Administration Service No. l.i2, ChicagG," 3;93.4, .. !'.E!V! ed..;,,;1936.
ColoJ:'ado fyh1~icipal League.. . 11.A Survey :of. the Gc·m'flr~l _Ci vie Coi;idi t~ons of Colorado Cities Haying a Populatior1 o~ .~,00() cir mor§i ·".:: AJ- .pp. Boulder, i929. . . . , ..
.. 1··. · .... · .: . I ':•
-9-,
Greenough, Katha.ri:qe Croan, Know Your County, N~tion~l League of Women Voters, Washington, D.C., 19.37, 34.pp .•
Jesness, O.B., and Nowell, R.I., Land Use in Northern Minnesota, Univ. of M~nnesota Press, Minneapolis, 19.35.
. . Lancaster, Lane w., Government in Rural Ame~~ca~ D. Van ~ostrarid Co.~ Inc.,
N.Y._y., 1937 ..
Manny, T •. B.,.RuralMuriicipalities·~.· Century ·ca., ·N.Y •. , 19.30~ _:'·;
Ridley, Clarence E., "Measuring Mtinicipal Government: · Suggested standards for Measuring the Results of Fire, Health, Police .and Public Works Departments." 88 pp. Publ. No. 4, Public Administration Service, Chicago, 1927.
. I . ' . i,
Education·
(A survey' 6f all local resources for·the spread of knowledge might well .be undertaken. by .a local study club, PTA, or .o~her interested group.) Items to cover would in.elude ·the following:· · .: . . . .
r. · Schools
II.
A. Elementary . i.· Number, location,· enrollment over past 5 'years:.·
2. Teachers · · , .. ,; ....... . . '•'
·a~· ·- .. Number, training ,/ - . . ~ i .....
"_ . _. ..b,, J'en,µre .~ . ·. ~
B. High Sdhool . ·i. :.:. .. ...... - ..
1. Enrollinent over· a series of years;· number . te~J::!hefrs·," departments of instruction.
2. Study what has happened ·to .. gradua"~·e:s 'for: the ten.:..ye'~r .... ' period 1930~40 ~ "~ · ~, ~
G; · 'School Administration . . .. 1. Board or boards. (How chosen; term of offi.:c·e ,. etc.): 2. Superintendent. (How chosen, term of office, duties)
: 3. · Is ccinsolida ti on of two or· more· school uni'ts in .·your county desirable? Maka survey of attitudes of people regarding .. i:t ... · Discus~ adva.>'ltages and.disadvantages in clubs~
Library . ., .. ''
~ . ' A. Public library on community or county basis
.1. 2. .3 I
4~
5.
Number of. books · · ' · · · Circulation by kinds of books Special.services.rendered Should' a county 'library be ·Cre5.ted, if nohe··exists? information can be secured from State librarian) . Cost 9f library per capita.. (Sta.ncfard set is ~rl.00
' . ; . . . . ·: : ~. . .: .. :·. '.. ·:. '. .
. ·~
(Special
per capita)
III. ~rivate Schools .... !.
'A. ·Number, vfha· sponsors, el:1ilclreri. enrolled,·:etc •. !". · '·.
IV. Adult EducatiOn · · "· " · : : ~ . ;
A. ...
. . ' . . . .· . '· .·.i. .. List organizations, such as study clubs, Farm Bureau., PTA, Churches,
.·,
-10-
or others which sponsor educational-programs and.describe· the programs. Also get estimate ·of number of adults who" are reached.
V. Agricul turai Extension Servici ·'
A. De~ermine the number of projects in agriculture, home economics, 4-H Clubs, or other extension activities in which people of the locality are participating. The number of people engaged, as well as the nature of the projects, can be ascert~ined from the County Agricultural Agent. Thus, can be estimated: the.number of families not being r?ached by extension work.
VI. Specia1.questi.ons
1. Is there a consolidated school? If so, is it accessible to all students desirous of attending? Locatio~ in relation to area served, transportation facilities, overcr.owding of schools. Secure a map of consolidated area and locate on it the residences of students o~ school age.
2. Are the school buildings modern and well constructed? What kind of heating system is used and how adequate is it during extremely cold weather? What kind of toilet facilities, lighting equipments, and drinking fountains are used?
3. Are the school grounds lar.g? enough to provide adequate playground space for children of all ages? Yfnat playground equipment is provided and what additional equipment is needed? Are the school groun~~ landscaped? .
4. Is the school equi.pmerit" suffi"'Ci.ent ·tb0 l'Iie'et: ·tn-e n'eed' uf all students including pictures, modern maps, piano, radio, blackboard space, stucly halls, seating capacity, wastebaskets, anc~ le,boratory supplies?
5. Does the SGhool have a library? If so, do the reference books, periodicals, and other reading materials correspond to the needs of the students? In what way is the library affiliated with tha public library or rural library ext~nsion facilities? ·
. '
6 •. Is ,the ·school gymnasium large e~~ugh ,for fA:>th the school and the community as a sports.center? Does the·El~hool auditorium meet' the needs of stud en ts and c.ornmuni ty with rego,rd .to ~ccoustic s, seating cap&ci ty, stage, and the like?
7. Average pupils per teachers in (a) public elementary school, (b) high school.
8. What proportion of teachers have to be replaced annually? Factors related to tenure.
9. Is 'kind·ergarter~ and pre-school 't1raining available in the CO!'lmunity? Private or public? .
10. If a nine months' term is not available what factors prevent this?
11. What is the percentage attendance of children of all school ages? List the type or types of student aid available to deserving students.
12. Describe extent and character of the extra-curricular program: debating, athletic, 4-H Club, music, vocational clubs, dre.ma, Rural Youth Clubs.
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13. Does the present.school .curriculum satisfy the neeqs of the students regarding vocational and business training, as well, as r.Jee.t;i?g college entrance requirements?
14. How many graduating high schooi.students continue their schooling elsewhere?
15. Name and memberships of book clubs, women'i s study groups,· forums, and debating societies, etc., organized in the conununity.
-· . ' 16. Is the agricu.).tural .extension service. active in the commillli.ty?
17. ,.
Record of activities and attendance of· Parent Teachers Assc)tiation.
18. Number of times per year the school is used by community groups for adult education claFJSes, forums, puplic meetings, plays, and:ot~e.r recreational. events?
References: ··r .r: ·: ,
"Schools for Tomorrow's Citizens," Public Affairs Commii;te?,, +nc .• , 8 W. 40th St., New York, Pamphlet No. 30 (1939) 32 pp. 10¢
I' . i ' ~ . • ' ·~ ,' ' •
Religion ·.[ ,' '·. 1···
I. Church Buildings, Physical Equipment, and Grounds.
1. C-ollect. ri··.ta on each church in coi!!J:iilllity .• , .. :::.'·
; . ·.
2. Seating capacity of church in rela:t;ion to present mem'J:)ership.and maximum attend&nce .
• ,t,:..: ,· •
3. Seating, capacity: of S'l;ll1day:~chool building or rooms.in church in relation to present membership and maximilln attendance •
. :1.
4. ·Is the parsonage attr&ctive, well constructed, with.garden area?· Is it modern: central heating system, runnint;, Wfiter in house., electri~ity; equipped bathroom, etc.?
5. Is the church equipped with: (a) modern heating systea; .. .(:b) basr~ment; (c) kitchen; (d) banquet hall; (e) recreational rooms and equipment; (f) rest rootns;:(g)·library; (h) piano; (i),.;radio; (j) orgalil; (k) e~ectric lights; and adequate windows?
6. What groups other thru1. thG congregation use the church building?
II. Church Administration
i. 1 Amount ·of. insurance carrie(l on each. type of church property? ;_;
2. Amount \)f :unpaid balance on chl,lrch property, if any •.
J. Name of chureh board which drafts the annual budget? How many r.iembers? Do the 'ffiembers of this.board represent a cross section (all occupational classes) of the church meinbership? ·
4. Have payments ·on· .church property been made on. schedule, or. according to the annual budget?
' : : :: ~ . , .. ,.
5. Has the church met current bills monthly, including the pastor's salary? . , . .
: ':.: .. ., .. :.
6. In meeting the annual budget on what basis are the church members asses5ed2:· .. ·Vol"1,mta;ry Bubscription?. :.· ... ,
:•'. . .,.
7. Have the financial obligations of the church been met by the membershct:p·as a whole,'· or does a small proportion -of the membership. assume a large proportion of its financial obligations ?
.· ..... j
III. Church Program
,l~ . Number of wo~-s~ip services held in. each church (a) ·~~~:·we~k:; .(-1;>}· per month; and (c) per year? Sunday school each Sunday? Membership?(: Average
attendance for each type of service by members and non-members? . . ) : : . · .. '
2. Number and type of mid-week religious services held (a}.per· week; (b) per month; and (1e):··pE!r year? .. .,. · .. '·.'': ...
.· ··:· ... : . '. ~ .
3. Number, type, and frequency of other meetings held in the church? Per week? Per month? Per year?
4. Proportion of total church membership participating in each of the above services or meetings.?. . . . ..... ·.· .... : .. : .. · . ·;
5. t61lect aa:ta ·on; t11~·-.nmnb'e~?·amt •eomp¢ntl.cm ts~r1'!g.e}· ·of ·y~rch members in each church for each of the past five years. Factors responsible forr.increase. or decrease· in church :membership?'·
. : . " . ~' ·.. : ... ·. 6. What social activities are sponsored by the church to interest the
various.:sex··and• age groups?. Is a program of ac;tivi ties. formulated ~n advance? • ...
7. How frequently does the pastor of each church to. determine:·- the -re:j..igious needs. of -the·.c;:itizens of the pastors cooperate to see that tbese·needs· arG met?
conduct a. survey cornm~nity? .Po the
. ~ . .
8. Wha.t social ·activities are included in the missionary program of each ch\j.reh? ,,
... ·. ' ' .. .. r
What· interest :d<;>e.:? church take in soc:j.o~ogical; and e.conomic pr9oiems?
IV. Participation of Pastor and Church Members in Community Activities.
1. What community activities are part.ic.ipated in jointly by all churches? . . ' ;: . i. . . '.,,: ~ . .
2. List the activities participated in and part played by each church in all community activities 1 i.e., .library ~<:lrvic~s, open f9rum,s, .. h~a.l~h programs, school programs, recreational programs, dramatics, welfare programs, boy and girl scout progral!!s; L.-H~clubs., adult. educa:t;.ion, .commun~tr O!' c?unty fair, etc.
: : : ; . ~ . • ; _! . . • '
13_~. WP.at specific contrioutio~s (fin.ancial, le~der~hi;p, supervi.sory, etc.) has each church made to comm~:j.ty;a_ctivities? ·
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V. The Pastor
· 1. List of churches served by a resident past~r gi vin/('full ·time · to the work of th~· church; · .. · ·t
' ' : [ ' 2. List of churches served by a non-resident pastor giving full or part
time to· the work 'Of .the church~
J, . What is the annual salary, of the resident pastor? What perquisites, (such as rent'-free house)-,· if any, are included?. How·does his salary compare with other similar occupational classes in the community? Salary of nonresident pastor?
4, What community organizations does the pastor participate :in?
5. Does the pastor conduct or attend meetings in the open country or visit families living on farms? · ·
. .
.6. Does pasta~ .have opporti,IDity to attend· spe<:;ia,l schools fo'i rural pastors?
References:
Baker, R. T., Finan9ing the Co'l}lltry Church. Richmond, Va'.; The Dept. of C.ountry Church and Sund~.y School Extension.· P.O.-Bo:x ·1176 •
. ' . . ·: .. , ; ':· : .. . .'.;. . . ' ., .
Brunner, Edmund deS., The Larger Parish--A r..ovem_~mt or an ·Enthu:sirun? New York. Harper and Brothers. 1934. 95pp ~ 50 con ts. · "
. , ......
Council for Social Action. Rural Life Study.Packet#9.· _2g9 Fourth Ave., New York ... 1937 •. 25 .cents.
Dana, Malcolm. The Lc..rgt~r Parish Plan, New York .• ; "congr~gational Church Ext(;;nsion Boards. 1930, 63 pp. 25 ccmt.13.
Felton, Ralph A., Our Temoled Hills, New York. Missionary Education Movement. 1926. 241 pp. Clo th 50 cents, peeper 20 cents.
Felton, Halph A., What's Right with the Rural Cfoi:iicl1. · Philadelphia~ Presbyterian Boar.d .of qhristian Educo.tion. 1930 •. ~50 :DP· Cloth ~1.00 paper, :50 cents •• ·
Fry, C. Luther. Diagnosing the Rural Church 192L.- G~H. Dbran Co. New York.
Harlan, Rolvix. A New Day f~r the Country Church Nashville, Tenn. The Cokesbury Press. 1925. 166 pp. Cloth 50 cents, paper 20 cents.
Hochbaum, H.W. The Rural Chur~h· and c'ciope~ati~e··Ex;-leb.sioh Work . Washington Department. of Agricultu:re Extension Circular 57: 192.9. 25 pp.
' '
Hooker, Elizabeth R. Hinterlands of the Church. New Yark, Harper and Brothers. 1931. 384 pp. $2.50
Hooker, Elizabeth R. How Can Local Churches Come Together? New York Home Missions Council, 105 East 22nd St, 1928. 82 pp. 25 cents.
Hooker, Elizabeth R. United Churches New York. Harper & Brothers. 1926 306 pp. $1. 75
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Israel, Henry. Y .M.C .A. in Town and Country. New York. Ass~~ia:bion .Pre_s:?. 1929. 116 pp. $2.00
Manual for County and Local Councils of Heligious Educa.tion. ;Chic;:ago,!Illinois. The International Council of Religious Education, 203 N. Wabash Avenue •
.. 1932 •. 64 pp. 25 cents.
Morse, H.N. and E. De S. Brunner, The Town and Country Church in the United States·, G. H. Doran Co., New York, 1925, pp. 169-171.
Piper, David 15S pp.
The Community Church $1.00
Chicago. Willett, Clark &:Colby. 1928
Wallace, Henry A. Statesmanship and Religion New York. Round Tab;J..e Press. 1934. 139 pp. $2.00
Community Organizations
1. List the names of all organizations arid agencies now existing in the community. Organizations may be classified under the following heads:
a. Schools
lt Dramatics 2. Language club 3~ Home _economics club 4. P.T.A. 5. Others
c. Farmers 1 Orgariizati<Jrn3
1. GrEmge 2. Farm Bureau 3. Farmers' Union 4. Farmers' ,Coope;rative.s 5. Gleaners 6. Others
e. Fraternal O_rg.anizations
1. Masons 2 •. Elks 3. Odd Fellows
'·'
'•'I J
b. Religious Organizations
1. Churches 2. Sunday Schools 3. i:.omen 1 s, Men 1 s and young
people 1 s or·ganiza tions 4. ·Others '·. · -.
... , d~ State Extension SerYice Organizations
l. Home Der:1onstration Club 2~ 4-H Clubs 3. Others
. f. ··Ci vie' Organizati()ns
1. Community Council or Board 2. Chamber of Commerce 3. Kiwa.nis Club 4. Lions Club 5. RDtary Club 6. Others
g. National Yol?-th ot.~ariizati~:ms ·h. Patriotic Orgahizations
l. Boy Scout. : 2. Girl Scout· 3. Campfire 4. Junior.Grange 5 .• Others ·
l~ American Legion z. D;A.R. J. Others ·
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i. Misc~llaileous Organizations · ·
1. Men's 2. Women's 3. Boys 1
4. Girls'
'' '"
';
2. Examine each organization from tho standpoint of riiein'bet:shfp, membership participation, program, leadership, and accomp+~shments. On the basis of such examination, does it appear that there ate too many organizations in the community? Or not enoug:Q? , ,
J. Has MY organization, such as a Coll'.munity Council; btlien formed t·i draw up. a community calendar in orde~ to minimize conflicts in r:iGeting datGs of the major organiz~tions in the community, and otherwise coordinate activities in the conununi ty? · · · · ·
4. What commun:Lty activities, if any, are· sponsored by one org;:mization, or jointly by two or r;ore organizations within the village? In the open country? In both combinec~'t Make a list of rmch events with appro:Ximate dates and sponsoring organizations~
References: .......
Hart, Joseph K., Community Organization, The Mr.cmillan C0., New York, 1920 . ,·· . i. ;· " '
Hunsinger, C.S. Accomplishing llm'l:.l Coimnunity Work, Obib National Township Council (Flat Rock, 1938) 37 pp.
Landis;' ·J3enson Y; ,-, A Gtiide to :the '.Literature ,ofl.,.RU:r.a.1,·:Li'fe , .. Federal ·c6uricil··6f the Churches·.or Christ in .Ameri:c-a,- -Ne.w!.~.o:rk,. 1939
Lindeman, C.E., The Community, Association Press, New York, 1921 ; I'.. ,I ..... 1
Mims, Mary and Moritz, Georgin, The.Awakening Community, The Macmillan Co., New York, 1932. · - · · ' .. '.· ," ,; · .. ·
Pettit, Walt~r, CllS·e·'Studics 'In COrnmunity·:orir,a:n:Lzation, The .C'.Qntu:r;'y Co., New York, 19.38.
: : ~. ; : . ; '., .. : : : .. :. ,·1:.: ··.··, '.
Steiner, J .F., Community Organization, The Appleton-Century Co., New York 1930. Revised Edition.' ... ·· ,_ . : ··: .... , ',:; '· i..
Steiner, J.F., The American Community in ActiCin, .Hf?riry,;H()lt~a!}d Co. New York, 1928.
. . ~ ~ '. :
". · · Puhl:Lc JVelfare . ' ~ .... . .. ' . . ~ '
' I'''' ..
(During the past decade the admi~ist~at:Lon'o:t welf~r~ hfis become one of the most important fm1ctions of governmcn,~ ,wP,tethE)r on the local, state or national level. The assembling of n.11 facts connected with dependency, delinqu13ncy, and care of def ecttv-es will: co.nsti t\lte .. us~ful material for local planning. For, ine.smuch as we seem to be definitely la.uncheC. on a comprehens:L ve progrr.m, it behooves all. c.i.tiz:ens ·tQ gi Vl';J
careful attantion to the facts in order to render intelligent guidance v1hon decisions 1:1!'e mada • whether' th:i.S bEi tl.t th<il voting polls or iin community co'btrto~l~•)
-16-Following is a general outline o:f,itemi:? o:n.w.hi9h. t.o .~ather information.
I. Kinds of Dependency.
A. Dependent aged.
1. Total over 65 in county 2. Number on public assistance
B. Dependent Children
l~ Number in count~·and on assistance
c. Blind and other physically handicapped.
'D. Relief Cases
.. ...
~ \ . . ,
l. N·umber in county. May be ~al;yzed ·by family .. ·size, 8.n,d' other factors, depending on information available.
I ,• '
2. Distribution of relief cases in village, city, and open country.
,, ' ''I
'E, Unemployed 'able-bodied.
1. Number in county. 2. Number on Public Works Projects. J. Special analyses by occupations, size of family, etc~ ....
F. Families recei.ving F.S.A. grants. '; •, .'' f. I •
1 I.
' , • I I ~ ,
II. Defectives \ '
.~ ·- .- - -.-_-_;'.1_'-~-~--. ·.,.,,- ! 1.,',..:.. __ ,;;:::_-::;~': -~ -
A. NUm.ber .. ~f.:physical:.. .. and· mental ~9.e.t'e.'c..t;i..vesj.p. .. ~ounty, if. poss.:i;bl~., to' o-bta:i'n ·information. ·Can at· least get .nurt1ber. cornmi,tt~d to state institutions.
I
III. Delinquents.
A. Cases of juvenile delinquency.
IV. Organization and Administration of Public Wolfare
A. Local organization (village, city, township;)
1. Fe~sonnel, duties.
B. County organization.
"
1. County Board, (num'be·r of members, duties.) , 2. Profassional staff, (number, duties, training) ' , ' ' ' ' ', ! • • ', I I
c.' Stat~ O~gar1iz'kti:on ) .
~."Nati;rial Organ'ization.
V. Financial Supp9rt~ ' • I , :
,.
A. Local · 1 ••
B. County
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C. State
D. National
VI. Causes of Dependency in Community (e.g. 'Unemployment due to certain causes.
VII. Possible Local Remedies.
VIII. Inventory of all.private organizations doing welfare work, and what they' do (churches, Kiw~is', American· Legion, etc.·)
IX. Special questions for discussion:
• ~ t • . ·'·. :
1. Is there a public welfare off1ce 1in the community? If not, is public assistance to membi:lrs: of the community administered · by representatives of the couµty welfare d·epartment? Is the administration satisfactory? ··If not, what· possible changes · might be made?
2. What forms of assistance are rendered by the commmi ty, township, or county welfare department, e.g., work relief, aid to dependent children, old-age assistance, etc.?
::f. '~at' proportiori of the current total budget for ptlblic welfare in the community, tovmship, or countrj:was contributed by the community, county, state, and feder.._i fund'S? How does the present amount spent for public;: assist&,"'lce· ·compare with each of the past f'ive years. ·
4. Proportion of total population ·knd familie:s·: of community receiving public assistance for each of ;the pa·st' ·fi v~ years? Factors responsible for increase or decrease. in' proportion of citizens receiving aid? ·
. ;
5. Are all forms of public· ·assi·stance available; to village and farm families alike.? If not, why':" kny di·sc~imination among nationalities? To what extent do reli'gious'and civic organizations in the community engage in welfare activities?
6. Do persons receivi.ng public assistance participate in community activities, or a're 'thei ·us:6cially- isola:ted 11 to; any -extent? Is there any marked difference in attitudes towards them? In (a) tne town or village; ; (b) the opeh country?
Ref e'rences: · ~- . -
May, .Eliza.beth E., "Social Welfare: A Guide for Studying the Welfare Facilities of the Loca1·c6mmunity11 , 140' pp. (mimeographed) ·American Association of University Women; '(Washington;) 19.37.
' ' 'Rec.reatiOn
I. Organizations; ..
1. Survey of the. re.cre~tional fa,ciJ,.i ties r:1.vailable in the community fr;a!ll· the 'standpoint.·'o:f.' eql,lipment.; space (indoo:r and outdoor), condition' and location of buildin·gs us.ed ·for recreRtionll.l purposes.
. '
I '
. A.
B.
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Publicly owned and operated organizations 1. Public parks and playgrounds .. ~
2. School gymnasium, grounds, etc. , . 3·.· lfµ.blicly,oymed dance halls.
4. Golf courses. 5. Tennis courts. 6. Baseball diamond 7. Swimlliing pools 8. Agri~ultural.fair
9 •. .Co~ity orchestras, band, drama~~cs,.et?· 10. Others.
. . Privately owned and operated 'organizations· l~ Motion pictures 2r Road houses, taverr;i.s J. Pool hall 4. .Bowiing alleys 5. Skating rinks 6. Dance halls 7. Swimming pools 8 •. 9lµb rooms
·9· Ct.hers
,.1.
.. ' I '
'
' ..
• C. Private organizations which . 1. -.Churches ·
sponsor !ecreat~onai activities •
? • -Farm: bureau 3. Grange . 4. Farmers' Union 5. 4-trm:u.o- .-6 •. B9Y Sc~ut 7. Girl Scout 8.. Kiwanis Club 9. Chamber of Commerce
10. Women's Clubs 11~ Lodge organizations .12 •. P.T,A •.
. 13. State Exten$ion Service · 14. Othe:r:-s 15. Cooperative
' . 2 •. ·Special, Problems.~- Organizatio~
I•
' .. - \' - .,_
r I' •,','
... ' ~
.. ~' ,
1 i • i ''.I, 1
r • • : '
1 •.. What orgtmi~ation (bpard, commission,«c-ouncil, committee) is responsible for the administration and operation of the public facilities for recreSition? How Are .. i 11~ members chosen? Term of office? · ....... : .. :.· ...... ~.:.
' • ; ! ~ l ' : I • ~ , ' • " , ' I ' ' 1 ' 0 ' I
2'. How-.are puplicly: oymed- ~d<. op~r-i'J.tec;l ?.r.ganiza,ti'oris 'si.lpplying recreation faci:lities; su:ppoz:t~cl .• ,· 1 1;.. >" .
3. What conflicts, .. ~;f .~Y, have developad :in the community to prevent or re'tO.rd the development of a recreational program for all age groups? ~bat are the predominant attitudes of the citizens toward recreation?'.;."" ·
4. D9e~ the c~unty -~r conurttin~ty sponsor ~ agricultural fair? . Have the 'village anq open country organizations cooperated
I 1 I , , •
-19-
to make the fair a success? Recreational aspects of the fair, what are they, and how supervised.
II. Participation in recreational activities.
1. Survey the hob:;i.as of the citizens in the village and open country.
2. What are the leisure-time activities in the home? Away from home?
3. The actual patronage for a given period, say one week, might be secured from proprietors of dance halls, road houses, motion picture houses, etc.
4.. What proportion of the citizens of the community attend free band concerts, lectures, plays, etc.?
5. Number and proportion of families in cor.ununity ovming radios? Automobiles?
III. Recreational Needs.
1.
2.
3 .•
4. . '-•
5.
What recreational facilities (equipment, buildings, grounds, parks, picnic groun~s, etc.) should be added to meet present needs in the community? List the recreational facilities which have been added or discontinued by the community during the past two years. Why were certain facilities discontinued? What plans are being made to increase recreational facilities in the community? Are sufficient funds, buildings, and land available to meet. inc:reasing U9f?.dS_? .. ·''· ,,,~y . .. : -~···.,, ·-~, .•• ~ Do the citizens of the village and the open country cooperate to obtain needed recreational facilities?
Persons interested in comparing present recreational facilities with certain standards, or yardsticks set up.for rural community recreation should see Suggestions for Making .L. Community.Recr~ation Survey, cited below.
References:
Gardner, Ella., Development of a Leisu~e~-time Program in and Towns, 11 . Childrens Bureau ;Publication _No. 241. Documents, Washington, D.C. 5 cents) ..
Small Cities (Supt. of
National Recreation Association, (.315 Fourth Avenue, N.Y.C.) "Standards of Training, Experience and Compens;;ition in Community Recreation Work. 11
(1938) 25 cents.
National Recreation Association, 11 Suggestions for Making a Community Recreation Survey. n Mimeo. Publ. 156 (1938) 25 Cents.
National Recreation Association. "Schedule for the Appraisal of Community Recreation, 11 JO pp. The National Recreation Association, Misc. Pub. No. 167, (Mimeographed)
Steiner, J .F., Americans at Play, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1933.
-.20-
Reading References
Social Surveys and Community Score Cards:
Brunner, Edmund de S., Surveying Your Own Community, G. H. Doran Co., New York, 1925
Chambers, M.M., and Bell, Howard M. "How to Make a. Community Youth Survey," Series IV, Vol. 3, No. 2. American Youth Commission, Washington, D.C., 1939
Colcord, Johanna. Your Community, Russell Sage Foundation, New York, 1939 $1.00
Lynd, R.S., and H.M., Middletown Harcourt, Brace & Co. New York, 1929
Morse, H.N., The Social Survey in Town and Country Areas, G. H. Doran Co., New York, 1924.
Nicholls, W .D., "A Systeri for Scoring Kentucky Rural Communities," Kentucky Extension Circular No. 188 (Revised), (Lexington) 1930, Free.
Sanderson, Dwight. "Locating the Rura.l Community'', New York Agricultural Extension Division, Bulletin 413 (Ithaca) 1939, Free
Stacy, Vl. H., "Tomorrow's Community," Iowa ExtensHm Service Circular 251, Revised (Ames), June, 19!~0. Free.
Barger, J. \'Jheeler, "The Rural Community Club in Montana, n Montana Agricultural Experiment StatL>n, Bulletin 224, (Bozerne.n, 1930)
Burt, Henry J., "Rural Community Trends," Missouri Agricultural Experiment Ste.tion, Bulletin, No. 161 (Columbia, 1931) ..
Dean, J. H., nRural Community Organization", Mississippi Agricultural and Mechanical College, Extepsion Bulletin J.,3.J.. (iState College, 1928)
Galpin, Charles J., "The Socir;~l Anatomy of an Agricultural Community", Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station, Research Bulletin 34, (Madison, 1915). Out of Print.
Garnett, W. E., £1nd Seymour, A. c., "Membership Relations in Community Organizations," Virginia Agricultural Experimc.ont Station, Bulletin 287, (Blacksburg).
Halbert, Blanche, 11 Conununi"l..y Buildings for Farm Far.1il.ies", U. S. Department of Agriculture, Farmers' Bulletin 1804, (\fo.shington, 1938)
Halbert, Blanche, "Hospitals for Rural Communities," Farmers' Bulletin No. 1792, United States Department of Agriculture,- (Washington) 193'7.
Hamilton, c. H., "The Role of the Church in Rural Cornmuriity Life in Virginia," Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin 267, (Blacksburg, 1929)
-21-
Hay, Donald, "Social Organiza tio:p.. and Agencies in No. Dak. , 19~6-36." North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Sta'\:-;i..on, Bulletin.288• (1937)
) ..... ,. . . . . .. Fargo, N. Dak.
Hoag, Emily F., "The National Influence of A Single Farm Community." Bulletin 984 U.S. Department of Agriculture (Washington) 1921. ·
Hoffer, C.R., "Activities C?f Churches in Town-Country Communities," Michigan Agricultural ~per~m.ent Station, Bulletin 226, (Lansing, 1932).
Hummel, B .~., "Community OrganiZ1:.tion in Missouri'!, Missour.i Agricu.ltural .. Experiment Station, Extension Circular 183, (Columbia, 1926)
,Tones, J. W., 11Menoership Relations of Cooperative Associations, Bu;l.letin No. 9, Cooperative Division, Farm Credit .(l.dministration, Washington, D.C.
Kirkpatrick, E.L., Kolb, J .H., Inge, Creagh, and Wileden, A. F., "Rµr13:l Organizations and the Farm Family" Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station, Research Bulletin No. 96 (Madison, 1929).
Kolb, John H., "Service In'.~titut;i.ons for Town ~nd Country11 , WiSGoni:iin Agricultural Experim1;nt Station, Researeh Bulletin 66, (Madison 1925)
Kolb, John H., Service Relations of '.!'own and. Country," Wisconsin .. Agric.ultural Experiment Station, .Research Bull.etin 58, (Madison, Wisconsin,. 1923).
Kolb, J .• H., .and Polson,- R. A.,: 11 Trel.'.lds. ·in .Town-Co:untry Relation_su ,, Wiscons~n . f<;ric1~lt·.il"el ·B:ieyie•I":hment St-at±e~/ '~&siee.-retf Bu'.Het.in 1 l''3.''J11;· :fM'adi"sb'ri',' ·1933)
Kolb, J .H., and Wileden, A. F., 11 Making Rural Organizatio~s Effe·c.tiv'e11 ;
Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment.Bta-t;.ion, Bulletin No.,. 403 . '(Mad.ison, 1928.) ...
Kolb, J .H., and Wileden', A. F., "SpGciai Interest Groups in Rural Society", Wisconsin Agricultµral Experiment· Station, Research Bulletin No. 8.4. (Madi.son', 1927) . · , · · · . . ..·. • ·
Kolb, J .H.:, ap.d Wiledon, A. F., ''Rural Organizatipn Handbook",. Wisconsin AgricµJ;tural Experiment Sta.tion, Bulletin 38L+; (Madison, 1926)
Kumlein, Vl.F., "The Rural Health Situation in South D.s.kota". South Dakbta Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin 258, (1931) Brookings, S. Dak.
Lindstrom, D~E·.",· hForces Affecting J?~rtl-cip~ti.6n of Farin Peo.ple in Rural· Organiui:tiop, '! Illinois. ,Agr~culturSJ.l Experiment Station; Bulletin 423, (Urbana, 1933). · ··-· · .. · .. ·
Lindstrom, D.E., "Local Gro-µ,p Orgm~i~&tion among Illino,is Farm Peqplq", Illinois Agricultural Experir.tent Station, Bulletin 392, (Urbana, 1933)
Melvin, Bruce L.', "The So~iulogy of a Village and the ·surrounding Territory", N. Y. Agric~ tural Experiment St;at.iop, Bul,letin /113, ·. ( It.:·11::.et.) .1939 · . : .
Melvin, Bruc.e L., "Village Service At;enc.ies,~11 N.Y .. Agricultll,ral Experiment Sto.tion, Bulletin 1 .. 93, (Ithaca, 1929) ·
'. '
Morgan, ,E. L~., "~obili~~g: .. the _·Rural qommun~ty;, 11 Ma~s~9J::tusett~ '.~gricu:l:tural · d'ol~e.ge, .Exten~ion .Bulletin· 2J..,. (Amhe;r:st, _191a.). . , ... · · · ,
Nason, Wayne, C., "Rural Planning: The ~ocial Effects of Recreation Places,'' Farmers' Bulletin 1388=, U .. S. Departmer.it of'. .Agr,i..oulture., (Washington) ~92L. ,'. •. I
/
R~pking, A. H., "Education., Through Organi.zed Community. Activi;tie.s", West y;i.rgini?- State Co.~le~e o.:f Agricµlture, Circular :307 ·(Morgantown, 1935)
Sande;rson, Dwight, -"Locating the Ruri:;tl .Community11 , New York :Agri.cultural . Extension Div.ision, Bulle.t;in 413,·(I~1:i~c~L.l:939 •. , .
San<:lerson, Dwight, .. "Rural Social and Economic Areas .in Central New. Yo:rk,. 11
: New York Agricultural _Experiment Station, }?ulletin 614., (Ithaca, 1934)
Strombe!g, ~gene ~·, 11 T.he· Influ.en.ce .of the _Central Rur~l School ·on . . · .CoI:lllluni ty O:r;ganization, 11 ~ew Yo;rk· Agr~cultural Experiment Station,
Bulletin 699, ,(Ithaca, 1938). .. ·. . .
Thaden, .. J.F., and. Eben M.uinford,: "High School Communities· in Mi.chigan," Michig_an Agricultu_;ral -~pe.riment. Stat.ion, Special Bulletin 289,. (Lansing, 1938). · · ' .. · · .
WaJceley,. R~E .• ~. and Ande~son; A.H., 11 R,elief in RurajL Iowa.", Iowa Experimen.t . · Station~ Bul~etin 377 . (.19)8) . . · . . . · , · .' ·
Wakeley; ~.E., · apd Lo~y, .J. ;Edwin~ 11Rur~l Organization, and La~d U:tilizati,on ·~ ·· ~-.~t.~er'"~~,.JJ,~,,. -~i~~l..·-~~~;t Stli\>t-~oa .... "lj}\ill.J.~tUJ.,
352. (1936) . {AmeEl) . . . .. . .
. . . . Wasson, C.R. • . 1. an<:!. Dwight Sa:nc;iF3rson, "Relation of Communi t;y Areas to Town
Government in the State of New York", New York Agricultural· Experiment Station, Bulletin 555, (Ithaca, 1933).
wi.11sori, E.A..' .' 11F.ur~l Col'nm~t~ Clubs in North .Dakota~~·· N~rth Dakot·~ ·Agricultural .. E)cper:i.ment Station, Bulletin No. 251 (Fargo; 1931)
Zimmermi:;lll, c .. C. '· 11 Ine:omes. and··?xpenditures of .Minn.esota Fi3-rm and City Families" (1929): _Minnef:!9ta Agricultural Exper:imen.t Station. Bulletin 255. · ··· ... · .
Suggested Reading List on the.Rural Community and Rural Sociology: :··; .
. Cole, W.E •. , Recent Trends in Rural Planning., ,Prenti·ce-Hall, Inq., New York, .· .. 1937
Galpin,-· C_.J., Rural Life·,: Tpe_Century Qo •. , New York.
Galpin,~ C.J·~~ 1 'iturai Soci~l~:Problems, The Century Co., New York.
·G~llette·,. J.M.·, .Ru~ai S?ciology,. ·T~ie Macmillan d~.,: Ne:w York, 1936 •. ·
Hawthorne, H.B.,_.~he Sociology of_ Rural Life,, Appleton:-.Centu:ry Co.,_Ne.w York . 1926 •.
Hayes, A.W., Rural Sociology, Longmans Green.and Co., New York, 1929
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Herring, John w., Social Planning and Adult Education, The Macmillan Go., New York, 1933.
Hoffer, C.R.,:rntroduction .to Rural SociolOlfY, Richard·R. Smith, Inc'•:, New Yo:rk, 1930
Holmes, R.H., Rural Sociology; The Faniily-Fatrp. Institution, McGrnw ..... Hill Book Co., Inc., New York 1932.
Kolh, J.H., and BrwmE7r', Edmund des, A Study of Rural' Society: Its Organization and Changes, Houghton-Mifflin .co._, New York.
Kolb, J .H., and Brunner, Edmund des, .Rural .SociaL.Tr..ends, McGraw-Hill Co., New York, 1933.
Lundquist, G.A., r.~d Carver, T.N., Principles of Rural Sociology, Ginn and Company, New York, 1927.
Natiom1l Hesources Committee, Problems of a Changing Population, U.S. Govt. Pri.11ting Office, Washington;:·D.C·."; 1938 •. 75¢.
Sanderson, Dwight, The Farmer and His Commun~. ty, Harcourt Brr,ce and Co,, . Ne.w York,· .1922~.
Sanderson, Dwight~· The Rural· Communit;Y:; Ginn and Go-. ,·-Nev1 York, 1932~.
Sanderson, D., Emd Polson, R.A., Rural Communit;y Organization, John Wiley and Sons;.1939. · · ·
Sims, N.L.;· Elements of.fal.ral Sociology; 1940. Crdweli Publishing Co.,· New York.
Smith, T. Lynn, The Sociology of Ruro.l Life, Harper and Brothers, N.Y., 1940
Sorokin·, P. A, , and . Zin/merman, C. C. , Principles , -of . Ruri~l--Urban .·Sociology; Henry Holt, New York, 1929 · · · ·.
So'rokin, P.A., Zimmerman; c.c., and Galpin; G.J~, Systematic Source Book in Rural SociologY, Vol. I, II, IIL The University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 1930-32.
Williams, J .Ni., Our Rur~al Heritage, .:crofts and Co~, (Alfred .A.. ·Krioff) ;New York, 1925.
Williams, J .M~, Th'e Expansion of .Rural Life,; Crofts and Co~, (Alfred A •... Knoff), New York, 1926.
Wilson, V\c.rren H.,. The Evolution of the Country Community, The Pilgrim Press, New York, 1923, 2nd Edition
·:··
Wood, Arthur E., Community Problems, the Century Co., New York, 1928
Zimmerman, c.c., The Changing Community, Harpers and Bros., New York, 1938.
(Works Progress Administration monographs C8.n be secured upon request free fror;1 W.P.A. Division of Social Research, Washington, D.C.)
Asch, Berta, and Mangus, A.R., "Farmers on Helief and Rehabilitation," W.P.A. Monograph VIII, 1937.
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lBeck, P.G., and Forster, M.C~, -"S~x ~ural Pr~blem Areas, 11 W.P.A. Monograph I 1935.
Farnham,.R., and Link, I., "Effects of the Works Program.on. Rural Relief," W.P.A. Monograph XIII, 1938.
Lively, C. E. , and Taeuher, Conrad, 11Rur.al · Mig~a 'j;io.n in the U.S." W. P·. A .. Monograph XIX. · ·
Mangus, A.~.·.f .~~9~~ging Aspects .. of Rural Relief,'! W.P.A. Monograph XIV, 1938.
McCormick, Thomas C., "Comparative Study of Rural Relief and Non-Relief Households,". W.P.A. Monograph II, 1935.
Melvin, B.L., "Rural Youth on Relief," W.P.A. Research Monograph XI, 1937
Melvin, B.L., and Smith, E.N., ilRural Youth: Their Situation and·Prospects, 11
W.P.A. Research Monograph XV, 1938.
'Taeuber; c;nrad, and· Tay lo~ .. , ,C .·d., "The .... ~eople of the Drought States, 11
W.P.A. Research Bulletin Series V, No. 2, Washington, D.C., Mar. 1937
Wynne, Waller, "Five Years of.Rural.Relief , 11 Special Report W.P.A.,. 19.38
Zimmerman, C .c., and Whetten, N .L·., 11Rural .... Frunilies on Relief, 11 W .P.A. Monograph XVII, 1938.
In addition to the books listed above reader~.inter.ested .in curr~t-.atudies .. or ru.r.al .. ao~ilJ. p~p.'..blem.s :wil.1. i'.iO::ct illt-~testing .materi~J.' :in the sociological .journals among :the. more important of which are the.· following: · · · · · · · ·
Journals:
Ameri.can Journal .of Sociology .Published ~imonthly. Universi:ty of C.hicago Press.· t.5.00 per year~ ..
American Sociological Review .Published at 45Q jl.hnaip St~,.Men~s:tia,.Wisco,:isin · Bi~ontti:J..Y' in Feb., .. April, Jurns, August, Qct., Dec.,--Non--membe;r'S, $4.00
Libraries, $3.00, Students, $2.50. ·· .... ··
Rural· SGciology . P~blish~C'.l quarterly •. L9ui!=liana .Stat& Uriive:i;-?i tY Pr.e~s,.: University, Louisiana. $2. 50 per ye·ar·. · · · ·
Social Forces Fc;mr ;issues ·P~r year. : Puplispeq for the Un~v'?rs.:i,:\:,y of'. I-:J9rth Carolina Press by the Williams an:d Wilkin~ .. Comp~:p.y. $4•.00 ~per year.
Sociology and-Social Research ·university of So\lthern Calif~rriia Press. 3551 University Avenue, Los Angeles, California. Bimonthly. $2.50 .per year •. . ...
. -25-9. Changes in resi_denc.e, oc·cupation, and tenure of: head of household during
the past five years.
Date: July 1 of each year
1941
1940
19.39
1938
19.37
. ·•·
:Location of :Rural :Name :Residencei~ :Route :of :Tenure Status** :State :County :Township: No. :Village :Occupation :Industry:On land:In house
: .. . :
: . :··
. . .
. . . :
. ..
b. Acres rented: ----~~~---~~~~~~~-
c, Total acres in crops=--~--~~~--~-
11. Membership' and offices held in organi~ations~ .·Give name of orga~izations.
Husband ' . ' .
.. : - .. : Wife ·: . :
.. . . . . . . . :
.. ..
. :
.. . . . :
: .
: Children: Give name .l ~ r·')t"\b ·! ·o...-yfl"~- 1'A ri .;.•· '"''"r.·"'Jo ·· -r rrr:...r-r"'(tf") · • . :
. . . " • . . . ' . ' : .
: -~
. .. : . . . . . : :
~~~~-!-:...-~--_ _,.....,,..,...-.,..;'"-.,.,.,,,_.,,._,~~~~~~ i* Write names of counties, tGwnships, village, occupations_, _and-industJ?ies in
full. : i~* Tenure status may be designated. as :follows: Full. owner,· mortgaged 0wner,
tenant, manager, farm-laborer, living at home but w·orking:away (HWA), paid family laborer. (PFL), unpaid family.iaoorer. (UFL) •.
-26-S UGGESTED FAMILY SCI$DULE .. FORM FOR SOCIAL SURVEY
, • ·• f ·,, l ... ~ i ( I : •
1. Schedule Number __ 2. Enumerator __________ 3~· ·nate_· ...._ ____ _
4. Name of head of household _(_la_s_t_:_n_a-me-.-)-~~(m_i_d_d_l_e_n_a_m_e~)-----,(~f-ir_s_t_. _n_a_m_er)---
·.5. Residen:c.e::: State ____ __,,_.,.-_; :coun~y-· _·.....,· _____ ; Township ______ ;
Section.__ _____ ; Nearest village or ~own. ____________ __. ___ ~;
Distanc~ f~om vill~ge or town ______ _
6. Color: White Negro ·----; Other __ __.... ______ • -------7. Na.tionali ty ________ _
.. 8. Members of household on date survey began and ~lso a record of those who have
moved away or died:
. : . : In : · :Rela- :Sch.
:Name : tion :Mari t- : . :School. or.. :at :of :to :al :Year :College :this :Dead :house-:head :Sex: :status :of :.Year .. :time :or :hold :of :M. :Year : (S., M~, :1st :Completed : (Yes :liv- :Year of
Line:mem- :house;:or :of ':W.,D., :mar-·:Gr. :·H. : :Or :ing. :death or No. :bers :hold :F. :birth·:Sep.) :riage: ch.:Sch.:Col.:No) :away :departure ( 1) : ( 2 ) : ( 3) d.4h ( 5). i ( 6) : ( 7 ) 8 '.hQl;_(l=l..._) -"': ....... ( l_...2 ....... ) __.._.: (-=13 ........ ) __ _
1.
2.
3.
b_
5.
6.
7.
8.
9. . . .
r -1" · ·r '. -· .--f:·-:- : :· · · ·i -- :- -·-.:. 1.
__ : Head
. . .
. . "
. ~·
:
. . .
. .
. . .
. . .
. . ..
•· . . .
. .
10...!....-!...-----!---!.--..!~--,!..-~---'!:__ _ _:.. __ ___!:.___..:_ __ _:.._:__-=-__;-_:,. ____ _
Present Address of those away from home (Ques. 8, Col. 12.) __ ...:...;,, ___ __.: _____ ~------·------Fa rm, Vil.: Usual
Line No.: State County Township or City occupation :Industry
