Make Them Forget Their Belief (What is this Belief?)

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    people andmake themforget their

    beliefIN THE BOOK OF LUZANO PANCHO CANLAS“PHILIPPINES 2 MILLENNIUM HISTORY” Page 43 , When the Spanish ruled the Philippines, they purposely destroyed books andother documents on History of the Pilipinos so that they can easily Christianize thepeople and make them forget their belief. The old books that were not destroyed by the

    Spaniards were the Tarsillas of the Muslim, the Book of Datu Sumakwel (which was theHistory of Panay) and that of Datu Kalantiaw.

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    OPHIRThe Ancient-Name of the Islands of the

    Philippines

    (Only the descendants of Levites DatuGerson, Datu Merari and few descendants ofDatu Cohat reached the islands of Ophir, but

    the High Priest comes in the lineage of Aaron left in Yahrushalom)

    Section: 1

    People in the Islands of Ophir Speaks Ancient-Hebrew Language

    Who is Ophir ?

    Ophir written in the Old Testament of the Bible 1Kings 22:48, 9:28 and 22:49,Psalms 45:9, Isaiah 13:12, Job 22:24, 28:16, 1Chron. 24:4, 1:23, Genesis 10:25-26.In Genesis 10:25- 30 “ And Heber were born two sons: the name of one was Peleg,for his days was the earth divided and his brother’s name was Yoktan. And Yoktan begat Almodad, and Sheleph, and Hazarmaveth, and Yerah, and

    Hadoram, and Uzal, and Diklah, and Obal, and Abimael, and Sheba, andOPHIR , and Havilah, and Yobab; all these were the sons of Yoktan. And theirdwelling was from Mesha, as thou goest unto Sephar a mount of the EAST ”.

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    The language of Ophir:

    The language of Heber is the same language of Adam and when the language wasconfused, only Heber retained the original language of Adam and was calledHebrew from Heber’s name ‘HBR ’ and therefore the language of his two sonsPeleg and Yoktan will be Hebrew and the language of Ophir the son of Yoktan will be Hebrew also.

    The language of Abraham:

    Heber two sons Peleg and Yoktam, Peleg son is Reu, Reu son is Serug, Serug sonis Nachor, Nachor son is Thare, Thare had three sons Abram become Abraham,

    Nahor and Haran the father of Lot. Abraham is Hebrew in Genesis 14:13.

    Historians said about Ophir:

    The western writers garlanded the Philippine land with more names such asManiolas, Ophir, Islas del Oriente, Islas del Poniente, Archipelago de SanLazaro, Islas de Luzones (Island of Mortars), Archipelago de Magallanes and Archipelago de Legaspi. Noticed all Spanish names Islas del Oriente, Islas delPoniente, Archipelago de San Lazaro, Islas de Luzones (Island of Mortars), Archipelago de Magallanes and Archipelago de Legaspi except Maniolas andOphir . The western writers and ocean navigators called the islands Ophir before the Western people arrived and re-named it as Felipinas from the name ofKing Felipe of Spain. When the first European historian set their foot in the landof Ophir , it was written by historian Gregorio F. Zaide in page 2 and page 24 ofHistory of the Filipino People, that Padre Chirino an eminent Jesuit

    historian found in Tagalog language that “it has the Mystery andobscurities of the Hebrew language”.

    Therefore in the islands of Ophir the people speaks Ancient-Hebrewlanguage.

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    Section: 2

    Escaped Remnant from Assyria Speaks Ancient-Hebrew language

    When the word of YAHWEH came into Abraham in Genesis 15:13- 14 “And Yahweh said unto Abraham, know of a surety that thy seed shall be a stranger inthe land that is not theirs, and shall serve them, and they shall afflict them 400 years; and also that nation, whom they shall serve, will I judge; and afterwardshall they come out with great substance”.

    In Genesis 21:12-13 “In Yahshaak (Isaac) shall thy seed be called and also of the

    son of the bondwoman will I make a nation, BECAUSE HE IS THY SEED”.Remember both Yahshaak and Ismaale (Ismael) are the SEEDS of Abraham andit was Ismaale that settled first in Masry (Egypt) in Genesis 21:21 later the son of Yahshaak named Yahkoob (Jacob later called by Yahweh as Yahshear) and hissons came later in Masry in Genesis 46:3 “I am YAHWEH, the Mighty One of thyfather, fear not to go down into Masry; for I will make thee a great nation”.Therefore the seeds of Abraham by his two sons Ismaale seed and Yahshaak seed both (In Yahshaak seed shall the Seed of Ismaale and Seed of Yahshaak shall becalled) become strangers in the land that is not theirs in the land of Masry asprophesied by Yahweh in Genesis 15:13-14, the prophecy say after 400 years shallthey come out of that nation whom they serve. I n Exodus 12:52 “that YAHWEHdid bring the children of Yahshurun (Yisrawale later called Israel) out of the landof Masry by their armies”.

    EXPLANATION:

    YHWH in Ancient Hebrew Dead Sea Scroll

    written in Dead Sea Scroll pronounced YAHWEH is the four letters name of Almighty of Abraham, Yahshaak and Yahshear (Jacob) found in Dead Sea on year 1947 A.D.

    http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&safe=active&sa=N&rls=com.microsoft:en-us&hl=en&tbm=isch&tbnid=rs7rk2RMS0drVM:&imgrefurl=http://www.mhccorp.com/archaeology/decalogue-tetragrammaton.html&docid=e6RxdWIZpBzN1M&imgurl=http://www.mhccorp.com/archaeology/yhwh-scroll.gif&w=330&h=114&ei=4f7EUrOSKIPiywPZm4CQCA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=555&vpy=304&dur=5120&hovh=91&hovw=264&tx=129&ty=53&page=1&tbnh=90&tbnw=260&start=0&ndsp=28&ved=1t:429,r:10,s:0,i:111

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    We have to defend the prophecy given by

    PROPHECY OF

    Genesis 15:13-14

    And he said unto Abram, Know of a surety that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs, and shall servethem; and they shall afflict them four hundred years; And also that nation, whom they shall serve, will I judge: andafterward shall they come out with great substance.

    Genesis 21:12- 13 “ in Yahshaak (Isaac) shall thy seed be called and also of the son of the bondwoman will I make a nation,BECAUSE HE IS THY SEED.”

    Genesis 48:5-6 “and now thy two sons, Efraim and Manase, which were born unto thee in the land of Egypt before I cameunto thee into Egypt, are mine, as Ruben and Simeon, they shall be mine, And thy issue, which thou begettest afterthem, shall be thine, and shall be called after the name of their brethren in their inheritance ” (the seat of Yohseph wasreplaced by his two sons Manase and Efraim, therefore the Tribe of Yahshurun become 13 Tribes).

    The Prophecy was fulfilled that the Seed of Abraham shall come out after 400 years

    Exodus 12:51 And it came to pass the selfsame day, that did bring the children of Israel out of the land of Egyptby their armies. (Total 13 Tribes that come out of Egypt)

    Traditional Preachers Exclude Ismael in the Prophecy of

    Traditional preachers exclude Ismael in the prophecy of that Abraham seed shall be a stranger in a land that is nottheirs, and shall serve them; and they shall afflict them four hundred years; and afterward shall they come out with greatsubstance.

    Mark 7:13 Making the word of of none effect through your tradition, which ye have delivered: and many such likethings do ye.

    The Biblical writers hide Ismael depending on the understandingof the reader who read the Bible lightly but not seriously

    Those Bible readers that read the Bible seriously they can discerned the hidden part of the Bible to

    fulfilled the prophecy of

    Isaac and Ismael were both Abraham seed, is it Correct? If it is correct how the Traditional Jesus teachers claiming thatonly Isaac descendants afflicted for 400 years and come out of Egypt. How about Ismael descendants, do they fulfilledthe prophecy of Yahweh in Genesis 15:13 “that surety that thy SEED (both Isaac and Ismael) shall come out of Egypt after400 years”?

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    Genesis 21:12-13

    Genesis 21:12 And said unto Abraham, Let it not be grievous in thy sight because of the lad, and because of thybondwoman; in all that Sarah hath said unto thee, hearken unto her voice; for in Isaac shall thy seed be called. And also ofthe son of the bondwoman will I make a nation, because he is thy seed

    After four hundred (400) years shall they come out with great substance. Both Isaac and Ismael they come out after 400years because they are both Seed of Abraham .

    made a covenant with Abram

    Asenath the Egyptian wife of Joseph resides on the land prophesy to give tothe seed of Abraham.

    Genesis 15:18-21 In the same day made a covenant with Abram, saying, Unto thy seed have Igiven this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates: The Kenites, and the

    Kenizzites, and the Kadmonites, And the Hittites, and the Perizzites, and the Rephaims, And theAmorites, and the Canaanites, and the Girgashites, and the Jebusites.

    Map of ancient Egypt, showing The maximum territorial extent of Ancient Around 730 BC Libyans from major cities and sites of the Egypt (15th century BC) the west fractured the Dynastic period (c. 3150 BC to 30 BC) political unity of the country

    Asenath the Egyptian wife of Joseph from Ismael Tribe

    Asenath the Egyptian wife of Joseph resides from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the riverEuphrates the land gave to the seed of Abraham. The writer of the Bible did not mentionedthe relationship of Asenath to Ismael making Ismael violate as Esau deliverately violated theinstruction of Isaac of not to marry a Canaan woman because Canaan was Cursed before Abraham

    http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Third_Intermediate_Period_map.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Ancient_Egypt_and_Mesopotamia_c._1450_BC.pnghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Ancient_Egypt_map-en.svg

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    was born. Of course Abraham passed this information to his two sons Ismael and Isaac. Otherpseudo writings claiming that Asenath is the daughter of Dinah when she was raped, which does notconformed to the ages of the daughter of Dinah to the age of Joseph, and also does not conformedwith history for Joseph was married already in Egypt and having two sons Manase and Efraim beforehis 11 brothers arrived in Egypt. In the Book of (Yahshear) Jasher Chapter- 50 it mentioned the

    closeness of Ismaelites to Joseph.

    From The Bible

    Genesis 41:45 And Pharaoh called Joseph's name Zaphnath-paaneah; and he gave him to wife Asenath the daughter ofPoti-pherah priest of On. And Joseph went out over all the land of Egypt.

    From The Book of Jasher (Yahshear), Chapter 49 36 And the king sent to Potiphera, the son of Ahiram priest of On, and he took his young daughter Osnath and gave her

    unto J oseph for a wife.

    WHAT IS THE TRUTH BETWEEN THIS TWO STATEMENTS?

    Poti-pherah priest of On or Potiphera, the son of Ahiram priest of On

    In The Bible the Book of Jasher was mentioned in Joshua and 2Samuel

    Joshua 10:13 And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies. Isnot this written in the book of Jasher ? So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about awhole day.

    2Samuel 1:18 (Also he bade them teach the children of Judah the use of the bow: behold, it is written in the book ofJasher .)

    Therefore Before the the Book of Joshua and Book of 2Samuel was written, the Book of Jasher(Yahshear) already existed.

    Who is Potiphera, the son of Ahiram priest of On?

    Potiphera is an Egyptian son of priest and father of Joseph' s wife Asenath (Genesis 41:45). This name looks a lot like thename Potiphar, and some say it's the same name indeed.

    The name Potiphera is an Egyptian name and its transliteration to this Hebrew form means nothing at all. Phera is atransliteration of Phra, or Ra; the sun-god. According to BDB Theological Dictionary, the word put reflects an Egyptian verbmeaning to give, and renders He Whom The Ra Gave . Jones' Dictionary of Old Testament Proper Names reads Priest Of TheSun

    The book of Jubilees places the location and identity of the Ishmaelites as the Arab peoples residing in Arab territories. Thisis the current view for the majority of the Christian, Islamic and Jewish faiths, though according to Biblical accounts theArab people traditionally have had long-standing alliances with the descendants of the Assyrians and the Medes.Furthermore, the Arab populations in modernity represent many nations rather than one nation as specified biblically;

    http://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Mizraim.htmlhttp://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Joseph.htmlhttp://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Asenath.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jubileeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jubileeshttp://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Asenath.htmlhttp://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Joseph.htmlhttp://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Mizraim.html

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    genetic and historical evidence indicates that (for instance) the Arabs of Lebanon are the descendants of the Phoenicians(the Biblical Canaanites) and that the Arabs of Palestine, Syria, and Jordan are descended from Canaanites, Aramaeans, andeven Hebrews.

    In Genesis 41:45 of the Bible Potiphera is the priest of On, but in the Book of Jasher Ahiram is thepriest of On mentioned in Chapter 49 number 36

    Who is Ahiram priest of On?

    Ahiram is Egyptian the priest of On who come from Byblos, the land Yahweh gave to the seed of Abraham, he speaksPhoenician language a Canaanite dialect. Remember Ismael married to Egyptian Meribah and then Fatimah. Ismael thenwent to Canaan and settled with his father Abraham. He never married a Canaanite woman but Egyptian woman like hismother Hagar. Ismael descendants will speak Phoenician a Canaan dialect because they live in Canaan land.

    Ahiram is an Egyptian the same as Ismael mother Hagar is an Egyptian that gave to Ismael an Egyptian wife. This is to fulfill

    the prophecy of in Genesis 21:12-13 And said unto Abraham, Let it not be grievous in thy sight becauseof the lad, and because of thy bondwoman; in all that Sarah hath said unto thee, hearken unto her voice; for in Isaac shallthy seed be called. And also of the son of the bondwoman will I make a nation , because he is thy seed .

    CANAAN WAS CURSED

    Genesis 9:25-26 And he said, Cursed be Canaan; a servant of servants shall he be unto his brethren. And he said, Blessed bethe Mighty One of Shem; and Canaan shall be his servant.

    Abraham Passed this information to his two sons Isaac and of course to Ismael too that Canaan was cursed “AndIsaac called Jacob, and blessed him, and charged him, and said unto him, Thou shalt not takes a wife of the daughtersof the Canaanites.” (Genesis 28:1)

    In Jewish Encyclopedia Rabbinical Literature:

    It was written in the Bible that Ismael married Egyptian Not Canaan woman

    Genesis 21:21 And he dwelt in the wilderness of Paran: and his mother took him a wife out of the land of Egypt.

    At the age of 14, Ismael became a free man along with his mother. Under Mesopotamian law, their freedom enjoined themfrom laying claim to any inheritance that Abraham and Sarah had. The covenant also made clear Ismael was not to inheritAbraham’s house an d that Isaac would be the instrument of the covenant. Ismael's father gave him and his mother a supply

    of bread and water and sent them away. Hagar strayed in the wilderness of Beer-sheba where the two soon ran out ofwater and Hagar, not wanting to witness the death of her son, set the boy some distance away from herself, and wept."And heard the voice of the lad" and sent his angel to tell Hagar, "Arise, lift up the lad, and hold him in thine hand;for I will make him a great nation." And "opened her eyes, and she saw a well of water", from which she drew tosave Ismael's life and her own. "And was with the lad; and he grew, and dwelt in the wilderness, and became anarcher." (Genesis 21:14-21)

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenicianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canaanite_languagehttp://bibref.hebtools.com/?book=%20Genesis&verse=21:14-21&src=HEhttp://bibref.hebtools.com/?book=%20Genesis&verse=21:14-21&src=HEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canaanite_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenicianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon

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    Descendants

    After roaming the wilderness for some time, Ismael and his mother settled in the Desert of Paran, where he became anexpert in archery. Eventually, his mother found him a wife from the land of Egypt (Gen.21:17-21). They had 12 sons whobecame 12 tribal chiefs throughout the regions from Havilah to Shur (from Assyria to the border of Egypt) . Ismael married aMoabitess named 'Adishah or 'Aishah (variants "'Ashiyah" and "'Aifah," Arabic names; Targ. pseudo-Jonathan to Gen. xxi.21; Pir ḳ e R. El. l.c. ); or, according to "Sefer ha-Yashar" (Wayera), an Egyptian named Meribah or Merisah. He had four sonsand one daughter. Ishmael meanwhile grew so skilful in archery that he became the master of all the bowmen (Targ.pseudo-Jonathan to Gen. xxi. 20; Gen.R. liii. 20). Afterward Abraham went to see Ismael, and, according to his promise toSarah, stopped at his son's tent without alighting from his camel. Ismael was not within; his wife refused Abraham food,and beat her children and cursed her husband within Abraham's hearing. Abraham thereupon asked her to tell Ishmaelwhen he returned that an old man had asked that he change the peg of the tent. Ismael understood that it was his father,took the hint, and drove away his wife. He then married another woman, named Fatimah (Pekimah; Targ. pseudo-Jonathanl.c. ), who, when three years later Abraham came again to see his son, received him kindly; therefore Abraham asked her totell Ismael that the peg was good.

    Ismael then went to Canaan and settled with his father (Pir ḳ e R. El. l.c. ; "Sefer ha-Yashar," l.c. ). This statement agrees withthat of Baba Batra (16a) —that Ishmael became a penitent during the lifetime of Abraham. He who sees Ishmael in a dream

    will have his prayer answered by God (Ber. 56a).

    Ismael settled with his Father Abraham in Canaan, for sure Abraham informed Ismael Not to take a woman from Canaan tobe his wife because Canaan was cursed.

    Genesis 9:18 And the sons of Noah, that went forth of the ark, were Shem, and Ham, and Japheth: and Ham is the fatherof Canaan.

    Genesis 9:22 And Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the nakedness of his father, and told his two brethren without.

    Genesis 9:25 And he said, Cursed be Canaan; a servant of servants shall he be unto his brethren.

    Genesis 9:26 And he said, Blessed be the Mighty One of Shem; and Canaan shall be his servant.

    Genesis 9:27 shall enlarge Japheth, and he shall dwell in the tents of Shem; and Canaan shall be his servant.

    Genesis 10:6 And the sons of Ham; Cush, and Mizraim, and Phut, and Canaan.

    Genesis 11:31 And Terah took Abram his son, and Lot the son of Haran his son's son, and Sarai his daughter in law, hisson Abram's wife; and they went forth with them from Ur of the Chaldees, to go into the land of Canaan; and they cameunto Haran, and dwelt

    Genesis 12:5 And Abram took Sarai his wife, and Lot his brother's son, and all their substance that they had gathered,and the souls that they had gotten in Haran; and they went forth to go into the land of Canaan; and into the land ofCanaan they came.

    Genesis 13:12 Abram dwelled in the land of Canaan, and Lot dwelled in the cities of the plain, and pitched his tenttoward Sodom.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert_of_Paranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havilahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shur_(Bible)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shur_(Bible)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havilahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert_of_Paran

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    Canaan shall be his servant but Abraham took an Egyptian woman as his servant because Canaanwas cursed

    Genesis 16:3 And Sarai Abram's wife took Hagar her maid the Egyptian, after Abram had dwelt ten years in the land ofCanaan, and gave her to her husband Abram to be his wife.

    “And Isaac called Jacob, and blessed him, and charged him, and said unto him, Thou shalt nottakes a wife of the daughters of the Canaanites.” (Genesis 28:1)

    Abraham both sons Isaac and Ishmael buried him in the cave of Machpelah

    Genesis 25:8 Then Abraham gave up the ghost, and died in a good old age, an old man, and full of years; and was gatheredto his people.

    Genesis 25:9 And his sons Isaac and Ishmael buried him in the cave of Machpelah, in the field of Ephron the son of Zoharthe Hittite, which is before Mamre;

    How can it happened that both Isaac and Ismael buried the dead body of Abraham if Ismael was separated from his brotherIsaac?

    The book of Yahsear (Jasher) will explain this but what is the authenticity of this book?

    We all know now that the name Yahshear was hidden by the Bible writers the same as the name Yahweh- shu’a ( Yahshua)the Messiah was hidden also, what is the importance of these names?

    John 14:26 In the name Yahweh-shua we all know that the Holy Spirit of will be send. replaced the nameof Jacob into Yahshear but why it was intentionally hidden by Bible writers into symbolic name Israel? If the name Israel iscorrect replacement name for Jacob the Sacerdote are supposed to be called Israel-dote not Yahshear-Dath or Sacerdote.The diety of Canaan is EL. In Strongs Exhaustive Concordance and Merneptha Stele and Moabite stones: when they were inCanaan the symbolic name Yisrawale was cal led ‘yisrael’( ysr ỉꜣ r).

    3478 from no. 8280 Yisrawale (Israel) means “Prince of Sarah” to distinguished from Ismael means “In the name of my master Sarah” (“ale” means female master)

    ʾĒ l (written aleph -lamed , e.g. , , , ל ,א ل or ه etc.) is a Northwest Semitic word meaning "deity" , cognate to Akkadian‘ilu and then to Hebrew Eli :עלי and Arabic .(ي

    In the Canaanite religion, or Levantine religion as a whole, Eli or Il was the supreme god, the father of humankind and allcreatures and the husband of the goddess Asherah as recorded in the clay tablets of Ugarit (modern Rās Shamrā - Arabic: ا م س ش (Syria , ر .

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alephhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alephhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwest_Semitic_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli_(Bible)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canaanite_religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asherahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay_tablethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugarithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugarithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay_tablethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asherahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canaanite_religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli_(Bible)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwest_Semitic_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleph

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    The noun ʾ ēl was found at the top of a list of gods as the Ancient of gods or the Father of all gods, in the ruins of the royalarchive of the Ebla civilization, in the archaeological site of Tell Mardikh in Syria dated to 2300 BC. The bull was symbolic toEl and his son Ba'al Hadad, and they both wore bull horns on their headdress. He may have been a desert god at somepoint, as the myths say that he had two wives and built a sanctuary with them and his new children in the desert. El had

    fathered many gods, but most important were Hadad, Yam, and Mot.

    Joseph and Ismael together fought against the children of Tarshish

    Book of Jasher, Chapter 50

    5 And they went to the land of Havilah to the children of Ishmael, to assist them against the children of Tarshish, and thechildren of Ishmael fought with the children of Tarshish, and Joseph smote the Tarshishites and he subdued all their land,and the children of Ishmael dwell therein unto this day.

    Children of Ishmael populated the land of Tarshish

    Ismael Egyptian Wife

    After roaming the wilderness for some time, Ismael and his mother settled in the Desert of Paran, where he became anexpert in archery. Eventually, his mother found him a wife from the land of Egypt (Gen.21:17-21). They had 12 sons whobecame 12 tribal chiefs throughout the regions from Havilah to Shur (from Assyria to the border of Egypt) . Ismael married aMoabitess named 'Adishah or 'Aishah (variants "'Ashiyah" and "'Aifah," Arabic names; Targ. pseudo-Jonathan to Gen. xxi.21; Pir ḳ e R. El. l.c. ); or, according to "Sefer ha-Yashar" (Wayera), an Egyptian named Meribah or Merisah. He had four sonsand one daughter. Ishmael meanwhile grew so skilful in archery that he became the master of all the bowmen (Targ.pseudo-Jonathan to Gen. xxi. 20; Gen.R. liii. 20). Afterward Abraham went to see Ismael, and, according to his promise to

    Sarah, stopped at his son's tent without alighting from his camel. Ismael was not within; his wife refused Abraham food,and beat her children and cursed her husband within Abraham's hearing. Abraham thereupon asked her to tell Ishmaelwhen he returned that an old man had asked that he change the peg of the tent. Ismael understood that it was his father,took the hint, and drove away his wife. He then married another woman, named Fa ṭimah (Pe ḳ imah; Targ. pseudo-Jonathanl.c. ), who, when three years later Abraham came again to see his son, received him kindly; therefore Abraham asked her totell Ismael that the peg was good.

    Ismael then went to Canaan and settled with his father Abraham

    Ismael then went to Canaan and settled with his father (Pirḳ e R. El. l.c. ; "Sefer ha-Yashar," l.c. ). This statement agrees with

    that of Baba Batra (16a) —that Ishmael became a penitent during the lifetime of Abraham. He who sees Ishmael in a dreamwill have his prayer answered by God (Ber. 56a).

    Ismael settled with his Father Abraham in Canaan for sure Abraham informed Ismael and Isaac Not to take a womanfrom Canaan to be his wife because Canaan was cursed. Isaac is with Abraham when Ismael settled with his FatherAbraham, therefore Isaac and Ismael were together, and when Abraham died. That is the reason that the two sons ofAbraham buried him when Abraham died.

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    All humanity descends from Noah's three sons, Shem, Ham and Japheth

    Ishmael was descended from Shem , through Abraham and his Egyptian wife, Hagar, and was the father of the Ishmaelites.(Genesis 11:10-27)(1Chronicles 1:28)

    Nebaioth

    Nebaioth is the first-born son of Ishmael (Genesis 25:13). Isaiah mentions him, together with his brother Kedar, among thetribes that will be gathered up for the Kingdom (Isaiah 60:7).

    Isaiah 60:7 All the flocks of Kedar shall be gathered together unto thee, the rams of Nebaioth shall ministerunto thee: they shall come up with acceptance on mine altar, and I will glorify the house of my glory.

    It's not clear what the name Nebaioth might mean, or where it comes from. Jones' Dictionary of Old Testament ProperNames insists that it is the plural of an unused root ( nabhah ), to be high, and reads High Places (and refers to thename Ishbi-benob).

    BDB Theological Dictionary seems to suggests that our name was originally spelled with a teth instead of a taw , and has todo with ( nabat ), look, regard (see the name Nebat) .

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    NebatThere's only one Nebat in the Bible, but we only know about him because he's the father of Jeroboam and the husband ofZeruah (1 Kings 11:26). Nebat himself plays no role in Scriptures.

    1Kings 11:26 And Jeroboam the son of Nebat, an Ephrathite of Zereda, Solomon's servant, whose mother's name was

    Zeruah, a widow woman, even he lifted up his hand against the king.

    The name Nebat comes from the verb ( nabat ), to look, regard. According to HAW Theological Wordbook of the OldTestament this verb covers everything from a mere glance (1 Samuel 17:42) to careful contemplation (Isaiah 5:12). Aderivation is the noun (mabbat 1282a), expectation (Zech 9:5).

    The name remains in the descendants lineage.

    King Jeroboam an Efraimites is Descendants of Nebaioth thefirst son of Ismael

    Therefore Efraim is descendant of Ismael

    PROPHECY OF was fulfilled

    Genesis 15:13-14

    And he said unto Abram, Know of a surety that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs, and shall servethem; and they shall afflict them four hundred years; And also that nation, whom they shall serve, will I judge: andafterward shall they come out with great substance.

    The Prophecy was fulfilled that the Seed of Abraham shall come out after 400 years

    Exodus 12:51 And it came to pass the selfsame day, that did bring the children of Israel out of the land of Egyptby their armies.

    Genesis 48:5 And now thy two sons, Ephraim and Manasseh, which were born unto thee in the land of Egypt before I cameunto thee into Egypt, are mine; as Reuben and Simeon, they shall be mine.

    Genesis 48:6 And thy issue, which thou begettest after them, shall be thine, and shall be called after the name of their brethren in their inheritance .

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    In the land of Masry (Egypt) the tribe of Ismaale and tribe of Yahshurun were the only circumcisedtribes, to differentiates from each other, Yahshurunites was called Yisrawale (Israel) meaning “prince ofSarah” and Ismaale was called Ishma- ale meaning “ in the name -of- Sarah” .

    The 12 sons of Yahshear (Jacob) called 12 Tribes of Yahshurun was originally 12, but when Yahshear(Jacob) adopted the two sons of Yohseph, Efraim and Manase in Genesis 48:5-6, the seat of Yohseph

    was replaced by his two sons and therefore the Tribe of Yahshurun become 13 Tribes that goes out ofthe land of Masry on the time of Moshe (Moses).

    The Tribe of Levi assigned for Priesthood in Exodus 29, the three sons of Levi Gerson, Cohat andMerari was distributed into 12 Tribes of Yisrawale to hold the office of Priesthood and Temple servicesfor YAHWEH in Joshua 21:1-8 and 1Chronicles 6:63-81.

    Three Sons of Levi Assigned Priesthood: Cohat , Merari & Gerson

    The Sons of Yahshurun in order of birth in his four wives Leah, Rachel, Bilha, Zilpa:

    Ruben (Leah) - Merari PriesthoodSimeon (Leah) – Cohat PriesthoodLevi (Leah) sons = Gerson, Cohat, Merari

    Yahuwdah (Leah) – Cohat PriesthoodDan (Bilha-Rachel) – Cohat PriesthoodNepthali (Bilha-Rachel) – Gerson PriesthoodGad (Zilpa-Leah) – Merari Priesthood

    Asher (Zilpa-Leah) – Gerson PriesthoodIsachar (Leah) – Gerson Priesthood

    Zabulon (Leah) – Merari PriesthoodDinah (Leah) Yohseph (Rachel) two sons Manaseh and EfraimEfraim – Cohat PriesthoodManaseh-half tribe - Gerson PriesthoodManaseh-half tribe – Cohat PriesthoodBenYahmin(Rachel) - Cohat Priesthood

    Remember that Yohseph was sold to Ismaalites and brought by Masryian (Egyptian) to become slave but later become free in slavery and also free to choose his wife with permission from the Pharaoh andhis name was change into Zaphenath-paneah. A slave shall be returned, Yohseph was bought from tribeof Ismaalites and was returned to Ismaalites. He was given in marriage to Asenath the daughter ofPotiphera the Priest is a descendant of Ismaale who beget 12 princes also like Yahshear (Jacob) had 12sons and one of them is Levi was appointed to Priesthood, Exodus 29, Genesis 17:7, 17:23,16:12 “heshall dwell in the presence of all his brethren”. When Abraham died it was Isma ale and Yahshaak that

    buried him in the cave of Machpelah next to his wife Sarah in Genesis 25:9.

    The descendant of Ismaale was brought by the two sons of Yohseph and the descendant of Yahshaak was brought by the 12 Tribes of (Yahshear) Yahshurun into the land of Masry and came out by theirarmies in Exodus 12:52, the prophecy of Yahweh on Genesis 15:13-14 was fulfilled.

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    Two Kingdoms:

    The 12 Tribes established their Kings and later was divided into two kingdoms the Kingdom of Yisrawale and the Kingdom of Yahuwdah. Yeroboam become king of Yisrawale with priesthoods fromLevites Cohat, Gerson and Merari. Rehoboam become king of Yahuwdah with priesthood from LeviteCohat.

    The Kingdom of YISRAWALE:

    10 Tribes of Yisrawale and their City is Samaria with Cohat, Gerson and Merari priesthoods:

    King Yeroboam of Yisrawale REMOVED the Priesthood of Cohat, Gerson and Merari andREPLACED them with people who were NOT LEVITES:

    King Yeroboam of Yisrawale built temples in high places and made Priest from among the people who were not Levites and established a Feast in the eighth month instead of seventh month like theKingdom of Yahuwdah is celebrating the Feast in 1 Kings 12:31-32, 1 Kings 13:33-34.

    Levites Priest Cohat, Gerson and Merari Removed from Priesthoods of the kingdom of Yisrawale left the land of Yisrawale and their possession and came to kingdom of YAHUWDAH in the city of Yahrusalem:

    2Chronicles 11:13- 17 ‘and the Priests and the Levites that were i n all Yisrawale resorted to him out of alltheir coasts, for the Levites left their suburbs and their possession and came to Yahuwdah and

    Yahrusalem: for King Yeroboam and his sons had cast them off from executing the priest’s office unto Yahweh and he ordained him priests for the high places and for the devils and for the calves which hehad made. And after them out of all the tribes of Yisrawale, such as set their hearts to seek YahwehMighty One of Yisrawale came to Yahrusalem to sacrifice unto Yahweh the Mighty One of their fathers.So they strengthened the kingdom of Yahuwdah and made Rehoboam the son of YahdidiYah (Solomon)strong, three years: for three years they walked in the way of DowDow (David) and YahdidiYah .”

    EXPLANATION:

    Every Three (3) Years the Navy of Ships of Solomon Coming from Ophir

    Ang mga Levitang YahshearDath o Saserdoteng Pari na lahi ni Yahshear Dath Cohat, Gerson atMerari na pinalayas sa Kaharian ng Yisrawale ay hindi nagtagal sa Kaharian ng YAHUWDAH: 2Chronicles 20:18-19

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    Ang mga Levitang YahshearDath o Saserdoteng Pari mula sa lahi ni Yahshear Dath Cohat, Gerson at Merari napinalayas sa Kaharian ng Yisrawale na tumungo sa Kaharian ng YAHUWDAH sa Yahrusalem ay nawala sakapanahunan ni Haring Yahoshaphat

    (776 B.C.E. 1Kings 22:51, 62 taon mula sa paghahari ni Haring Yeroboam) sa 2 Chronicles 20:18- 19 “at ang mgaLevita mula sa mga anak ni (Cohat) Cohathites at mga anak ni Corhites at tumayo upang purihin si Yahweh angnag-iisang Makapangyarihan ng Yisrawale sa napaka- lakas na boses na mataas.”

    Mga Barko Patungong OPHIR:

    Mga Barko na ipinagawa ni Haring YahdidiYah (Solomon) ay pumupunta parin sa OPHIR para kumuha ng mgaginto 1Kings 9:26 , at nagpagawa pa ng mga panibagong Barko si Haring Yahoshaphat sa 1 Kings 22:48 ngunithindi na ito natuloy.

    Ang mga Levitang Pari mula sa lahi ni Yahshear Dath Gerson , Yahshear Dath Cohat at Yahshear Dath Merari na pinalayas sa Kaharian ng Yisrawale na tumungo sa Kaharian ng Yahuwdah ay hindi nagtagal saKaharian ng Yahuwdah, sila ay sumama sa mga barkong ipinagawa ni Haring YahdidiYah napumupunta sa OPHIR na naglalakbay ng pabalik sa loob ng tatlong (3) taon, dahil tatlong (3) taon

    silang lumagi sa kaharian ng Yisrawale 2Chronicles 11:13-17.

    Where is Ophir?

    "Where is Tarshish and Ophir"

    The truth is that the search for “Tarsis and Ofir” was directly related to the discovery of theseislands by Magellan

    During the early period of European colonization, the Biblical lands of Tarshish and Ophir, or Tarsis and Ofir, as they werecalled, held the imagination of European explorers. Not only was it believed that the "lost tribes" of Israel were to be foundin these lands, but also untold wealth. To these kingdoms King Solomon and King Hiram of Tyre sent ships for trade that"brought from Ophir great plenty of almug trees, and precious stones," (I Kings 10:11). Concerning Tarshish it is written:"Fro the king's ships went to Tarshish with the servants of Hiram: every three years once came the shop sof Tarshishbringing gold and silver, ivory, and apes, and peacock." (II Chronicles 9:21)

    In Samuel Purchas's well-known travel compendium Purchas His Pilgrim , he devotes the entire first chapter to a discussionof Tarshish and Ophir. In particular, he argues strenously that it is beloved Britain and not Spain that deserved the title asthe modern Tarshish and Ophir. Curiously, in Careri's journal of his visit to the Philippines, he mentions that he would notgo into the argument raging in Europe at that time over whether the Philippines was originally populated by thedescendants of Biblical Tarshish.

    In modern times, scholars have attempted to relate Tarshish and Ophir with a number of areas, none of which include thePhilippines. However, things were different in Europe prior to the discovery of the Philippines. There, they believed thatTarsis and Ofir were some lands far to the east of biblical Israel. Their reasoning was actually quite logical. King Solomonbuilt the port from which ships departed for Tarsis and Ofir at Ezion-Geber on the coast of the Red Sea. The return journeytook about three years, so obviously the location must be somewhere far to the East. In modern times, some scholars havetried to suggest that Solomon's navy circumnavigated Africa to reach the Mediterranean, but the seafaring Europeans ofthose times would not consider such nonsense. Tarsis and Ofir were unknown lands beyond the Golden Chersonese ofPtolemy. Their discovery would undoubtedly bring untold wealth and great fame in the minds of the people of those times.

    But what, one may ask, has this to do with the Philippines? The truth is that the search for Tarsis and Ofir was directlyrelated to the "discovery" of these islands by Magellan !

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    Magellan and the Search for Ophir

    Magellan's contemporary, Duarte Barbosa, wrote that the people of Malacca (in modern Malaysia) haddescribed to him an island group known as the quios whose people were as "rich and more eminent thanthe Chins (Chinese)," and that traded "much gold, and sliver in bars, silk, rich cloth, and much very goodwheat, beautiful porcelains and many other merchandises." However, Barbosa was not the only one tomention the Lequios during Magellan's time. About a decade after Magellan's voyage, Ferdinand Pinto hadwrote in his journal of the experience of his crew and himself after being shipwrecked on the Lequios! Pintowas traveling through the Malay Archipelago at the time and he describes the Lequios islands (see LuzonEmpire) as belonging to large group of islands many of which were rich in gold and silver. He mentions that atthat time the Portugese were familiar with Japan and China, and also with the island of "Mindanaus" orMindanao, so the Lequois islands must have been somewhere between these two areas. Furthermore, Pintoeven goes as far as to give the exact latitude of the main Lequios island. He states that is was situated at9N20 latitude and that the island was on a merdian similar to that of Japan.

    Now, in Magellan's time all exploration was done by latitude sailing and dead reckoning, as no navigationalclocks were in use. Latitude sailing required fixing one's latitude precisely by means of an astrolabe. Longitudecould only be approximated roughly by using a patent log to track the distance the ship has travelled in anyparticular direction. When Magellan began to suspect he was nearing the region of the Moluccas hedeliberately steered on a north course and then turned westward at a latitude of 13 degrees North accordingto both Pigafetta and Albo. Pigafetta states that the reason was to get near the port of "Gaticara" which wasthe Cattigara mentioned by Ptolemy. In the book, Magellan's Voyage around the World , the author, Charles E.Nowell, offers another possible reason for Magellan steering so far to the north of the Moluccas. He notes thatMagellan himself had rewrote part of Barbosa's book referring to the Lequios, and in his version Magellansubstituted "Tarsis" and "Ofir" for the world "Lequios."

    Although these lands are not mentioned in Magellan's contract, less than six years after his voyage, SebastianCabot signed a contract with Spain which did have as one of its objectives the "lands of Tarshish and Ophir."Magellan had been to Malacca himself, and probably many have heard of the community of Filipino workersand merchants that lived there under the protection of the king of Malacca. Probably many of you alreadyknow of the theory that Black Henry, the slave Magellan purchased at Malacca, may have belonged to theFilipino community of Malacca as he was able to speak with the natives at Limasawa. Whatever the case, we

    know from his own pen that Magellan thought the Lequios islands might be the same as the Biblical Tarsis andOfir, and it may be that his idea of the position of the Lequios was partly shaped by Barbosa's book, andpartly by information he may have received from Filipinos in Malacca. Was the fact that Black Henry was ableto converse with the people living at the latitude given by Pinto (but not with the people of Samar or Leyte) acoincidence, or something planned in advance from information gleaned in Malacca?

    Even after their discovery, many still regarded the Philippines, rich in gold and silver, to be the same asancient Tarsis and Ofir. Father Colin, referred to them as such in the early 1600's and even at the turn of thecentury, the Philippine historian Pedro Paterno, still claimed that the Philippines were really Tarshish andOphir! Whatever one thinks of these claims though, the search for the Biblical El Dorado appears to haveplayed an important role in the European discovery of the Philippines.

    Ferdinand Magellan

    While in the service of Spain, the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan (1480-1521) led the first Europeanvoyage of discovery to circumnavigate the globe. Ferdinand Magellan was born in Oporto of noble parentage. Having served as a page to the Queen, Magellan entered the Portuguese service in the East in 1505. He wentto East Africa and later was at the battle of Diu, in which the Portuguese destroyed Egyptian naval hegemonyin the Arabian Sea. He went twice to Malacca, the Malayan spice port, participating in its conquest by thePortuguese. He may also have gone on an exploratory mission to the Molucca Islands (Spice Islands), theoriginal source of some of the most valuable spices.

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    In 1513 Magellan was wounded in one of the many frustrating battles against the Moors in North Africa. Butall of his services brought him little favor from the Crown, and in 1517, accompanied by his friend thecosmographer Ruy Faleiro, he went to Seville, where he offered his services to the Spanish court.

    The famous Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) had divided the overseas world of the "discoveries" between the twopowers. Portugal acquired everything from Brazil eastward to the East Indies; the Spanish hemisphere ofdiscovery and conquest ran westward from Brazil to 134°E meridian. This eastern area had not yet beenexplored by the Spaniards, and they assumed that some of the Spice Islands might lie within their half of theglobe. They were wrong, but Magellan's scheme was to test that assumption. In addition it must be recalledthat Columbus had made a terrible mistake, brought home by his "discovery" of America. Accepting theacademic errors of learned geographers, ancient and modern, he had grossly underestimated the distancebetween Europe and the East (sailing westward from the former). Balboa's march across the PanamanianIsthmus had subsequently revealed the existence of a "South Sea" (the Pacific) on the other side ofColumbus's "mainlands in the Ocean Sea." Thereafter, explorers eagerly sought northern and southern all-water passages across the stumbling block of the Americas; Magellan, too, sought such a passage.

    Major Voyage

    King Charles V of Spain (the emperor Charles V) endorsed the design of Magellan and Faleiro, and on Sept.20, 1519, after a year's preparation, Magellan led a fleet of five ships out into the Atlantic. Unfortunately theships - the San Antonio, Trinidad, Concepción, Victoria, and Santiago - were barely seaworthy, and the crews,including some officers, were of international composition and of dubious loyalty to their leader. With Magellanwent his brother-in-law, Duarte Barbosa, and the loyal and able commander of the Santiago, João Serrão.Arriving at Brazil, the fleet sailed down the South American coast to the Patagonian bay of San Julián, where itwintered from March to August 1520. There an attempted mutiny was squelched, with only the top leadersbeing punished. Thereafter, however, the Santiago was wrecked, and its crew had to be taken aboard theother vessels.

    Leaving San Julián, the fleet sailed southward; on Oct. 21, 1520, it entered the Strait of Magellan. Itproceeded cautiously, taking over a month to pass through the strait. During this time the master of the SanAntonio deserted and sailed back to Spain, and so only three of the original five ships entered the Pacific on

    November 28. There followed a long, monotonous voyage northward through the Pacific, and it was only onMarch 6, 1521, that the fleet finally anchored at Guam.

    Magellan then passed eastward to Cebu in the Philippines, where, in an effort to gain the favor of a local ruler,he became embroiled in a local war and was slain in battle on April 27, 1521; Barbosa and Serrão were killedshortly thereafter. With the crew wasted from sickness, the survivors were forced to destroy the Concepción, and the great circumnavigation was completed by a courageous former mutineer, the Basque Juan Sebastiándel Cano. Commanding the Victoria, he picked up a small cargo of spices in the Moluccas, crossed the IndianOcean, and traveled around the Cape of Good Hope from the east. With a greatly reduced crew he finallyreached Seville on Sept. 8, 1522. In the meantime the Trinidad, considered unfit to make the long voyagehome, had tried to beat its way against contrary winds back across the Pacific to Panama. The voyagerevealed the vast extent of the northern Pacific, but the attempt failed, and the Trinidad was forced back tothe Moluccas. There its crew was jailed by the Portuguese, and only four men returned after 3 years to Spain.

    Magellan's project brought little in the way of material benefit to Spain. The Portuguese were well entrenchedin the East, their trans-African route at that time proving to be the only feasible maritime connection to Indiaand the Spice Islands. Charles V acknowledged the political and economic facts by selling his vague EastIndian rights to Portugal, rights that were later in part resumed with the Spanish colonization of thePhilippines. Yet though nearly destroying itself in the process, the Magellan fleet for the first time revealed in apractical fashion the full extent of humanity's inheritance upon this globe. And in this, its scientific aspect, itproved to be the greatest of all the "conquests" undertaken by the gold-, slave-, and spice-seeking overseasadventurers of early modern Europe.

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    Gold of Ancestors &Pre-Colonial PhilippinesIt's time we know our Lost Core Identity

    These might change most people's point of view that the Pre-colonial Philippines is like a No Man'sLand in the middle of the ocean with no trade contacts with its neighbors and that we owe to our

    colonizers our culture and civilization:

    Map of Spice Routes or Maritime Silk route as verified by UNESCO:

    He who controls the spice , controls the universe.” Such were the words uttered by the main character of the movie Dunebased on the Frank Herbert science fiction epic of the same name. In the story, the spice was the lifeblood of a vast empire.For the leaders of this empire, it w as essential that at all times ‘the spice must flow.’

    The spice trade of the Dune movie was no doubt inspired by the historical trade in aromatics from ancient times to thepresent. At various periods in history, spices have been as valuable as gold and silver. According to a 15th century saying:

    “No man should die who can afford cinnamon.”

    The aromatic substances were even more mysterious as they were connected in many cultures with the idea of a farawayparadise -- Eden. The Muslim writer al-Bukhari wrote that Sumatran aloeswood known as `Ud in Arabic filled the censers ofParadise. Ginger was the other major aromatic of Paradise in Muslim tradition. In the Travels of Sir John Mandeville it is saidthat the aloeswood of the Great Khan came from Paradise.

    We will show that the famed spices which traveled from Africa to the Arabian traders and from thence to the markets of theclassical Mediterranean world had their ultimate origin in Southeast Asia. The aromatic trail known as the “ Cinnamon Route ” began somewhere in the Malay Archipelago, romantically known as the “East Indies,” and crossed the Indian Ocean to thesoutheastern coast of Africa.

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    support his argument. One of our main goals will be to use newer evidence along with some apparently missed by Miller toshow that, for the most part, his idea of a southern transoceanic route was correct.

    In addition to Miller’s Cinnamon Route , there also existed a “Clove Route ” to China and India.

    The evidence for these early spice routes comes from every available field including history, archaeology, linguistics,genetics and anthropology. For example, we can show by a process of elimination that a southern route for tropical Asianspices into Africa is historical. The exact details of this route are not known to us from history but the route itself is the onlyreasonable conclusion given the historical sources at our disposal. We can then bolster the testimony of history by bringingin supporting evidence from other fields.

    One way we do this is to show that certain cultural items that came from Southeast Asia, or at least tropical Asia, werediffused first to the southeastern coast of Africa before moving northward at dates that are supportive of our thesis. Oneexample is the diffusion of the domestic chicken (Galllus gallus) to Africa. The oldest archaeological remains of this speciesmay date back to 2,800 BCE from Tanzania. 4 The earliest similar evidence in Egypt is not earlier than the New Kingdomperiod about 1,000 years later. To support this finding, there is additional evidence provided by the presence of the doubleoutrigger 5, barkcloth, various types of musical instruments 6 and other cultural items present on the southeastern Africancoast. Possibly also the distribution of the coconut crab 7, the world’s largest land -based invertebrate also provides evidencefor this early southern contact.

    An important factor in ascertaining the old spice routes from Southeast Asia is the trail of cloves from Maluku and thesouthern Philippines north to South China and Indochina and then south again along the coast to the Strait of Malacca. Fromthere the cloves went to India spice markets and points further west. This north-south direction of commerce through thePhilippines has recently been recognized by UNESCO as part of the ancient maritime spice route. The Philippine-Maluku hubpersisted into Muslim times and is chronicled in Arabic historical and geographic writings.

    While the clove route started in the south, cinnamon trade began in the north. The cinnamon route started in the cinnamonand cassia-producing regions of northern Indochina and southern China and then likely proceeded from South China spiceports southward during the winter monsoon down the Philippine corridor. The route likely turned southeast at that point toSumatra and/or Java to pick up different varieties of cinnamon and cassia along with aloeswood and benzoin. Fromsouthwestern Indonesia the voyage then took the Austronesian merchants across the great expanse of the Indian Ocean toAfrica.

    Linguistically the clove route is supported by the distribution of names for ginger in the Malay Archipelago. These appear tohave followed the clove route from China through the Philippines to the rest of insular Southeast Asia.

    In the medieval Chinese and Muslim texts we first get specific details about these routes although they probably wereunchanged from the ones used centuries or thousands of years earlier. The Chinese records in particular give detaileditineraries including directions and voyage length for each stop along the way to the southern spice markets. Of particularimportance are the entrepots known to the Chinese as Sanfotsi and Toupo. The same marketplaces were likely known to theMuslim geographers likely by the names of Zabag and Waqwaq respectively.

    Like Chryse of the Greeks and Suvarnadvipa of the Indians, these entrepots were a source of wonder and literary romance.In the One Thousand and One Nights, Sinbad travels to Zabag on one of his voyages and the islands of Waqwaq are thesetting for the adventure of Hassan of Basra. Indian literature also abounds in tales of voyages to the islands of gold bythose in search of treasure, either material or spiritual.

    From the Arabic literature, we start to learn of first-hand accounts of trade and other voyages by mariners from SoutheastAsia to Africa. Previously, we had only the vague accounts of Solomon’s journey and Pliny’s brief descriptions of long seavoyages from or to the cinnamon country. The Muslim works tell us of ships and people from Zabag and Waqwaq coming toAfrican ports for trade and even on occasion to conduct military raids. The records give the impression of well-establishedtrade relationships, but just how long did these long-distance ties exist before the Muslim writings?

    We believe is a strong case for this trade opening up by at least the New Kingdom period in Egypt. At that time, voyages tothe divine land of Punt became more frequent with large fleets bringing back impressive hauls of tribute for the Pharaoh.While the hard evidence is still fragmentary, the quantity and quality of this evidence is still comparable to those of otherestablished theories. We simply come to the most logical conclusions based on the historical records, and how these recordsshould be interpreted based on the evidence.

    Rome’s discovery of the monsoon trade winds did not have any significant impact as the Roman ships mainly plied thewaters between the Ptolemaic port of Berenike and the ports along the coast of eastern Africa and western India. The

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    Romans apparently did not interfere much at these ports and only established minor trading colonies if any in these areas.The wave of Islam into East Africa was probably the strongest factor in closing the southern spice route.

    Muslim traders managed to convert the local populations, and in the process, must have greatly complicated preexistingtrade relationships. The Muslim merchants in their dhows moving eastward would have eventually discovered the sources ofcinnamon and cassia. Then it was only a matter of time before the caliphate would be able to eliminate the African ports infavor of direct import to Arab entrepots. This was not an immediate process though.

    The Muslim geographers and historians still record trade activity between Africa and Southeast Asia in aloeswood, tortoise-shell, iron and other products centuries after the Arabs had established themselves on the Tanzanian coast. By the time thePortuguese reached this area though it appears this trade had disappeared. All that was left were traces of the Austronesiancontact including the local boats with their outriggers and lateen sails made of coconut fiber.

    With the end of the cinnamon route and the advent of the European control of the spice trade, the Austronesian componentof this commerce almost completely faded away. However, some three thousand years of spice trade from the NewKingdom to the late Muslim period left a lasting legacy that reshaped the world. The vision of an El Dorado of gold andspices tempted romantics and kings alike. For centuries, the Arabs had controlled the Mediterranean part of the spice tradeby keeping secret the monsoon sources of the precious commodities. Eventually the Roman empire discovered the monsoonroutes as opposed to earlier costly voyages that involved closely following the shoreline. However, it took some time beforethey could discover the real sources of the spices they treasured so much.

    When the Alexandrian merchant Cosmas Indicopleustes ventured to find these sources in the sixth century ACE, many ofthese secrets were just coming to light. However, it was a little too late. The meteoric rise of Islam closed off any furtherEuropean exploration or exploitation of the spice routes. Conversely, a whole new world was opened up for the merchants ofthe Muslim world. Their newly found power allowed them to venture deep into Asia as never before. The Islamic texts givethe first detailed descriptions of the emporiums of the East. By at least the ninth century, a massive trade ensued betweenthe two regions greatly enriching the the Islamic caliphate. Magnificent cities and buildings were constructed throughout theMuslim lands at the same time that Europe sunk into the dark ages. The Arabic writers also tell of great kingdoms andempires of the East including the fabled cities of the Khmers and the island domains of the Mihraj (Maharaja) of Zabag.

    Europe would get another chance centuries later when a charismatic leader arose out of a hitherto unknown nomadic tribeof the steppe. Chingiss Khan, also known as Genghis Khan, rode out of the wastelands of Central Asia with his Mongolarmies on epic conquests. Among the empires destroyed in the Great Khan’s path was the Islamic Caliphate. The fall ofBaghdad again opened the Silk Road and the maritime spice route to the merchants and adventurers of Europe. One of thefirst to take up the challenge of the East was Marco Polo. The records of his travels along with those of other Europeans whoventured east rekindled the urge to link with the long-lost spice Eden of the east. The Portuguese were the first to take upthe gauntlet establishing bases at Goa in India and Malacca on the Malay Peninsula. Others followed including the powerful

    Dutch East Indian Company.

    The quest for spices and precious metals ushered in what is known as the Age of Exploration. Magellan’s personaldocuments indicated his desire to find the golden islands of Tarshish and Ophir. The explorer Sebastian Cabot wasappointed as commander of an expedition “to discover the Moluccas, Tarsis, Ophir, Cipango and Cathay.” The fight tocontrol the flow of cloves, nutmeg, black pepper, gold, silver and other commodities led to the circumnavigation of Africaand the world, and the exploration of the Western hemisphere and the Pacific Ocean.

    The coming of the Europeans nearly completely excluded the native Austronesian merchants from the trade. The samepeople who in the Muslim annals were sailing to East Africa to engage in commerce now where often prevented even fromparticipating in merchant activity from city to city or island to island in their own region. Only after Southeast Asia freeditself from Western colonialism has this ancient wonderland of entrepots regained direct control its own trade again. Today,the nations of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) have formed a unique organization designed to enhancecommerce in the region. Indeed, ASEAN is really the model for the entire Asian region. Even developed Asian nations likeJapan and South Korea have looked to ASEAN as the model for regional trade cooperation.

    Today, manufactured goods from sneakers to computers are more important exports that spices or precious metals,although these latter items continue to hold their own. The region has also come to be a leader in a completely differenttype of trade – the human trade. Southeast Asia is the world’s largest exporter of human labor. Seaf arers , nurses, doctors,domestics, constructions workers, computer programmers and almost every other kind worker including those in illegaltrades come from the Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, Cambodia or other nations in the area and can be found in almostevery country of the world.

    Many analysts believe the geopolitics of the area will again bring Southeast Asia to the center of the world’s stage. Most of the goods shipped around the globe still travel by sea, and Southeast Asia is the main hub for trade between Asia and the

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    rest of the world. The volume of trade activity has been growing faster here than any other area of the world and mostexpect this trend to continue. The region’s great natural diversity may again come into play as the ageing pop ulations of thedeveloped world look for new medicines and natural cures from Southeast Asia’s biological resources.

    According to one theory, the great Austronesian migrations of prehistory began with the flooding of the Sundalandcontinent, which also cr eated the islands of the Malay Archipelago. The region’s natural treasures provided the wayfaringAustronesians with items of the trade that became valued in distant lands. Then, as now, a combination of natural forces

    thrust the people of Southeast Asia into a crucial role in the course of world history.

    An important factor in ascertaining the old spice routes from Southeast Asia is the trail of cloves from Maluku and the southern Phi lippines north toSouth China and Indochina and then south again along the coast to the Strait of Malacca.From there the cloves went to India spice markets and points further west. This north-south direction of commerce through the Philippines hasrecently been recognized by UNESCO as part of the ancient maritime spice route. The Philippine-Maluku hub persisted into Muslim timesand is chronicled in Arabic historical and geographic writings.

    Yisrawale deported to Assyria and they were replaced in their land by people from 5nations Abba, Cutha, Separvaim, Hammath and Babylonia:

    By this acts of Yeroboam king of Yisrawale, Yahweh allowed them to become captives and deported into Assyria and they were replaced in their land by people from Abba, Cutha, Separvaim, Hammath andBabylonia in 2 King 17:24. The priests of Yisrawale that was deported to Assyria were not Levites .

    EXPLANATION:

    Exodus 29:9 And thou shalt gird them with girdles, Aaron and his sons, and put the bonnets on them:

    and the priest's office shall be theirs for a perpetual statute : and thou shaltconsecrate Aaron and his sons.

    Jeroboam deliverately violated the perpetual statute given by

    1Kings 12:31 And he made an house of high places, and made priests of the lowest of the people,

    which were not of the sons of Levi.

    Jeroboam returned not from his evil way, but made again of the lowest of the people priests. And this thingbecame sin unto the house of Jeroboam

    cut them off, and to destroy them from off the face of the earth

    2Kings 17:23 Until removed Israel out of his sight, as he had said by all his servants theprophets. So was Israel carried away out of their own land to Assyria unto this day.

    The true people of Israel was replaced in the land of Israel byForeigners from Five (5) Nations

    2Kings 17:24 And the king of Assyria brought men from Babylon, and from Cuthah, and from Ava,and from Hamath, and from Sepharvaim, and placed them in the cities of Samariainstead of the children of Israel: and they possessed Samaria, and dwelt in the citiesthereof.

    2Kings 17:25 And so it was at the beginning of their dwelling there, that they feared not :therefore sent lions among them, which slew some of them.

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    2Kings 17:26 Wherefore they spake to the king of Assyria, saying, The nations which thou hastremoved, and placed in the cities of Samaria, know not the manner of the Elohim of theland: therefore he hath sent lions among them, and, behold, they slay them, becausethey know not the manner of the Elohim of the land.

    Only one of the Fake Illegitimate priest Returned and taught them howthey should fear

    2Kings 17:27 Then the king of Assyria commanded, saying, Carry thither one of the priests whom yebrought from thence; and let them go and dwell there, and let him teach them themanner of the Elohim of the land.

    2Kings 17:28 Then one of the priests whom they had carried away from Samaria came and dwelt in

    Bethel, and taught them how they should fear .

    BELIEF IN ELOHIM STARTED

    2Kings 17:29 Howbeit every nation made elohim of their own, and put them in the houses of the highplaces which the Samaritans had made, every nation in their cities wherein they dwelt.

    The Fake Priest that returned to teach the foreigners Has no knowledgein True and Correct Faith and Do not know the importance of the name

    because they have no access in the book of Moses in the Arkof the Covenant but only the True Levites had access

    2Samuel 6:6-7 And when they came to Nachon's threshingfloor, Uzzah put forth his hand to the ark ofYahweh, and took hold of it; for the oxen shook it. And the anger of Yahweh was kindled AgainstUzzah; and Yahweh smote him there for his error; and there he died by the ark of Yahweh.

    According to the Tanakh, Uzzah (fl. 1010 BC) was from the tribe of Yahuwdah whose death is associatedwith touching the Ark of the Covenant. He was the son of Abinadab the second of the eight sons of Jesse(1 Samuel 16:8) . Jesse is the father of king David.

    Deuteronomy 10:8 At that time Yahweh separated the tribe of Levi, to bear the Ark of the Covenant ofYahweh, to stand before Yahweh to minister unto him, and to bless in his name,unto this day.

    Deuteronomy 31:26 Take this book of the law, and put it in the side of the Ark of the Covenantof Yahweh your Mighty One, that it may be there for a witness against thee.

    Event Added in forgetting the name of when the Illegitimate Priest SpeaksAramaic language Not Hebrew Language

    2Kings 18:26 Then said Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, and Shebna, and Joah, unto Rab-shakeh, Speak, Ipray thee, to thy servants in the Aramaic Syrian language; for we understand it: and talknot with us in the Jews'(Hebrew) language in the ears of the people that are on the wall.

    Aramaic primacy is a recent term used by advocates of the view that the Christian New Testament and/or its sources wereoriginally written in the Aramaic language.

    The name 'Peshitta' is derived from the Syriac mappaqtâ pšî ṭtâ ( ), literally meaning 'simple version'. However, it isalso possible to translate pšî ṭtâ as 'common' (that is, for a ll people), or 'straight', as well as the usual translation as 'simple'. Syriac

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    is a dialect, or group of dialects, of Eastern Aramaic. It is written in the Syriac alphabet, and is transliterated into the Romanalphabet in a number of ways: Peshitta, Peshittâ, Pshitta, Pšittâ, Pshitto, Fshitto. All of these are acceptable, but 'Peshitta' is th emost conventional spelling in English.

    Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance Hebrew -Greek Dictionary”Kahen" -3 549”

    ‘KAHEN’ -3549 IS ARAMAIC WORD FOR PRIEST

    3547 kahan kaw-han' a primitive root, apparently meaning to mediate in religious services; but used onlyas denominative from 3548; to officiate as a priest; figuratively, to put on regalia:--deck, be (do the officeof a, execute the, minister in the) priest('s office).

    3548 kohen ko-hane' active participle of 3547; literally, one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) anacting priest (although a layman):--chief ruler, X own, priest, prince, principal officer.

    3549 kahen kaw-hane' (Aramaic) corresponding to 3548: --priest. (KAHEN IS ARAMAIC)

    Elohim

    2Kings 17:29 Howbeit every nation made elohim of their own, and put them in the houses of the highplaces which the Samaritans had made, every nation in their cities wherein they dwelt.

    This event started the people of Abba, Cutha, Hammath, Separvaim and Babylonia residing in theland of Israel called on ELOHIM instead of calling on the name the Mighty one of that landIsrael, all five (5) nations have their own elohim.

    2Kings 17:37 And the statutes, and the ordinances, and the law, and the commandment, which he wrote for you, ye shallobserve to do for evermore; and ye shall not fear other elohim .

    2Kings 17:38 And the covenant that I have made with you ye shall not forget; neither shall ye fear other elohim .

    2Kings 17:39 But your Elohim ye shall fear; and he shall deliver you out of the hand of all your enemies.

    2Kings 17:40 Howbeit they did not hearken, but they did after their former manner.

    2Kings 17:41 So these nations feared , and served their graven images , both their children, and their children'schildren: as did their fathers, so do they unto this day.

    The Texts written by Illegitimate Priest belief on ELOHIM

    The Illegitimate Priest has no access on the book of Moses which is inside the Arkof the Covenant and their belief on ELOHIM continue until their Elohim texts reached the time of Ezra.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramaic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriac_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_alphabethttp://www.eliyah.com/cgi-bin/strongs.cgi?file=hebrewlexicon&isindex=3548http://www.eliyah.com/cgi-bin/strongs.cgi?file=hebrewlexicon&isindex=3547http://www.eliyah.com/cgi-bin/strongs.cgi?file=hebrewlexicon&isindex=3548http://www.eliyah.com/cgi-bin/strongs.cgi?file=hebrewlexicon&isindex=3548http://www.eliyah.com/cgi-bin/strongs.cgi?file=hebrewlexicon&isindex=3547http://www.eliyah.com/cgi-bin/strongs.cgi?file=hebrewlexicon&isindex=3548http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriac_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramaic_language

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    ILLEGITIMATE PRIESTS WAS TRACED UNTIL AFTER BABYLONIAN CAPTIVITY AND AFTER PERSIANKINGDOM AT THE TIME OF EZRA

    Nehemiah 7:63 And of the priests: the children of Habaiah, the children of Koz, the children of Barzillai,which took one of the daughters of Barzillai the Gileadite to wife, and was called after

    their name.

    Nehemiah 7:64 These sought their register among those that were reckoned by genealogy, but it wasnot found: therefore were they, as polluted, put from the priesthood.

    EZRA IS LEGITIMATE PRIESTS FROM AARON DESCENDANTS

    Ezra ( / ˈɛzr ə /; Hebrew: א ר ז Ezr a ,ע [1]; fl. 480 – 440 BC), also called Ezra the Scribe (Hebrew: ר פ ו ס א ה ר ז -Ezra ha ,עSofer ) and Ezra the Priest in the Book of Ezra. According to the Hebrew Bible he returned from the Babylonianexile and reintroduced the Torah in Jerusalem (Ezra 7-10 and Neh 8). According to First Esdras, a non-canonicalGreek translation of the Book of Ezra, he was also a high priest.

    His name may be an abbreviation of Azaryahu , "God-helps". In the Greek Septuagint the name is rendered Esdras (Greek: Ἔσδρας ), from which Latin: Esdras .

    Exodus 29:9 And thou shalt gird them with girdles, Aaron and his sons, and put the bonnets on them:and the priest's office shall be theirs for a perpetual statute : and thou shalt consecrateAaron and his sons .

    TEXTS FROM ILLEGITIMATE PRIESTS

    A Kohen (or Kohain , Hebrew הן , 'priest', pl. ם י נ ה ו Kohanim ,כ ) is the Hebrew word for priest. JewishKohens are traditionally believed and halachically required to be of direct patrilineal descent from theBiblical Aaron.

    The name Kohen is used in the Torah to refer to priests, both Jewish and non-Jewish, such as the priests(Hebrew kohenim ) of Baal ,[1] as well as the Jewish nation as a whole. During the existence of theTemple in Jerusalem, Kohanim performed specific duties vis-à-vis the daily and festival sacrificialofferings.

    Today Kohanim retain a lesser though somewhat distinct status within Judaism, and are bound byadditional restrictions according to Orthodox Judaism.

    The Hebrew noun kohen is most often translated as "priest", whether Jewish or pagan, such as the priestsof Baal or Dagon. The word derives from a Semitic root common, at minimum, to the Central Semiticlanguages; the cognate Arabic word ن kāhin ك means "soothsayer, augur, or priest" .

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezra#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezra#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezra#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonian_exilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonian_exilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septuaginthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halachahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohen#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohen#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohen#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korbanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korbanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthodox_Judaismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitic_roothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Semitic_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Semitic_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soothsayerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soothsayerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Semitic_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Semitic_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitic_roothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthodox_Judaismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korbanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korbanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohen#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halachahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septuaginthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonian_exilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonian_exilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezra#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English

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    Ophir The Ancient-Name of the islands of the Philippines Page 28

    TRIBE OF LEVI CALLED IN HEBREW AS SACERDOTE (YAHSHEAR-DATH) NOWCALLED IN ARAMAIC LANGUAGE AS ‘KAHEN ’

    The tribe is named after Levi, one of the twelve sons of Jacob (also called Israel) . Levi had three sons: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari(Genesis 46:11) .

    Levi

    Melcha

    Gershon Kohath Merari

    Jochebed

    Amram Izhar Hebron Uzziel

    Miriam Aaron Moses

    Kohath's son Amram was the father of Miriam, Aaron and Moses. The descendants of Aaron: the Kohanim ("Priests"), had the special role as priests in the Tabernacle in the wilderness and also in the

    Temple in Jerusalem. The remaining Levites ( Levi'yim in Hebrew ), divided into three groups (thedescendants of Gershon, or Gershon