IAU GA 2015IAU GA 2015 FM10: Stellar Explosions in an Ever-Changing EnvironmentFM10: Stellar Explosions in an Ever-Changing Environment August 12, 2015August 12, 2015

Magnetar-driven explosions in the context of GRB-SN associations

Felipe Olivares E.Universidad Andres Bello (UNAB)

Millennium Institute for Astrophysics (MAS)Santiago, Chile

Felipe Olivares E.Felipe Olivares E. Magnetar-Driven Explosions in the Context of GRB-SNeMagnetar-Driven Explosions in the Context of GRB-SNe Hawaii, August 12, 2015Hawaii, August 12, 2015

The GRB-SN connectionLong-duration GRBs are linked to massive stars stripped of their H and He envelopes through their broad-lined SN Ic counterparts (e.g. Galama+98, Hjorth+03, Stanek+03).

Olivares E.+15Olivares E.+15

Felipe Olivares E.Felipe Olivares E. Magnetar-Driven Explosions in the Context of GRB-SNeMagnetar-Driven Explosions in the Context of GRB-SNe Hawaii, August 12, 2015Hawaii, August 12, 2015

Magnetars & GRBs & SNe

The first GRB-SN identified as magnetar-powered wasSN 2006aj (XRF 060218; Mazzali+06), although evidence was not conclusive

Magnetar invoked for H- poor SLSNe (Quimby+11; Dessart+12)

GRB-SNe are powered by magnetars (Mazzali+14)

The SN drives the explosion in terms of energy

Ek ~ 2 1052 erg ~ Erot for milisecond magnetar

Felipe Olivares E.Felipe Olivares E. Magnetar-Driven Explosions in the Context of GRB-SNeMagnetar-Driven Explosions in the Context of GRB-SNe Hawaii, August 12, 2015Hawaii, August 12, 2015

Nature Vol. 523, p. 189published in July 9, 2015

Felipe Olivares E.Felipe Olivares E. Magnetar-Driven Explosions in the Context of GRB-SNeMagnetar-Driven Explosions in the Context of GRB-SNe Hawaii, August 12, 2015Hawaii, August 12, 2015

The Ultra-Long GRB 111209A

Levan+14Levan+14

Low-metallicity BSG progenitor formed through binarity (Gendre+13, Stratta+13)

Tidal disruption(Levan+14)

Time since GRB trigger (s)

z = 0.677T90 ≈ 4 hrs

Gendre+13Gendre+13

Felipe Olivares E.Felipe Olivares E. Magnetar-Driven Explosions in the Context of GRB-SNeMagnetar-Driven Explosions in the Context of GRB-SNe Hawaii, August 12, 2015Hawaii, August 12, 2015

Multicolor Light Curves of SN 2011kl

Photometry:Photometry:GROND grizJUVOT u

SN bump discardstidal disruption event

X-shooterX-shooter

Greiner+15Greiner+15

Felipe Olivares E.Felipe Olivares E. Magnetar-Driven Explosions in the Context of GRB-SNeMagnetar-Driven Explosions in the Context of GRB-SNe Hawaii, August 12, 2015Hawaii, August 12, 2015

Pseudo-bolometric Light Curve

Lbol ≈ 2.8 1043 erg/sMbol ≈ –20.0 mag@ 14 days a.e.~ 3 ~ 3 brighter than brighter thanprevious GRB-SNeprevious GRB-SNe

Nickel-56 powered:

MNi = 1.0 ± 0.1 M⊙

Mej = 3 ± 1 M⊙

Magnetar powered(Kasen & Bildsten 2010):

Pi ≈ 12 ms B = (6-9) 1014 GMej = 2-3 M⊙

Ek = (2-9) 1051 erg

Greiner+15Greiner+15

Felipe Olivares E.Felipe Olivares E. Magnetar-Driven Explosions in the Context of GRB-SNeMagnetar-Driven Explosions in the Context of GRB-SNe Hawaii, August 12, 2015Hawaii, August 12, 2015

X-shooter Spectroscopy

Low opacity in 300-400 nm is not compatible with MNi ≈ 1 M⊙

No evidence of freshly synthesized material

vph ≈ 20,000 km/s (whereas SLSNe show 10,000 km/s)

BSG progenitor would imply H lines in the spectrum and different LC (Kleiser+11)

High luminosity due to CSM interaction would imply strong Balmer lines

Magnetar for powering the SLSNe LCs Greiner+15Greiner+15

Felipe Olivares E.Felipe Olivares E. Magnetar-Driven Explosions in the Context of GRB-SNeMagnetar-Driven Explosions in the Context of GRB-SNe Hawaii, August 12, 2015Hawaii, August 12, 2015

Conclusions

Correction for GRB jet collimation has to be < 1/50 to be compatible with the maximum magnetar energy, well within typical values for GRBs (Ryan+2015)

Why we invoked the magnetar?

There is no evidence in the spectrum for such large Ni mass

Blue spectrum resembling magnetar-powered SLSNe

Unequivocal evidence for magnetar-powered event for the first time

This scenario offers a link between GRB-associated SNe, ultra-long GRBs, and SLSNe

Felipe Olivares E.Felipe Olivares E. Magnetar-Driven Explosions in the Context of GRB-SNeMagnetar-Driven Explosions in the Context of GRB-SNe Hawaii, August 12, 2015Hawaii, August 12, 2015

Mahalo!

I acknowledge the financial support from IAU GA through a travel grant (application ID 1663), from FONDECYT through postdoctoral grant 3140326, and from project IC120009 “Millennium Institute of Astrophysics (MAS)”.