MAGNESIUMGUIDEBOOK

MAGNESIUM

TEST

Protina Pharmazeutische GmbH is a dynamic family-run company and has specialised in manufacturing mineral preparations for over 75 years.

As the leading manufacturer on the German vitamin and minerals market, Protina specialises in high-quality “Made in Germany” granuels for direct use and for oral solution. All products are produced according to the latest nutritional findings and contain predominantly organic raw materials. Processing is carried out with state-of-the-art production facilities. Premium quality according to international pharmaceutical standards for all products is a given.

CONTENTS

Are you getting enough magnesium? 3

Magnesium test 4

Magnesium deficiency 5

Signs of magnesium deficiency 7

Who needs to ensure an adequate magnesium supply in particular? 10

Magnesium-Diasporal® – high quality for all demands 17

The Magnesium-Diasporal® range 18

What you need to know when taking magnesium 28

ARE YOU GETTING ENOUGH MAGNESIUM?

For many people, being healthy is an important part of their everyday life. They want to do something good for their body and provide it with all nutrients needed. This also includes ensuring an adequate supply of the essential mineral magnesium.

Magnesium is an essential substance, however, our body cannot produce it by itself.

•   Magnesium is involved in approx. 600 metabolic processes in our body.

•   Magnesium regulates the interaction between muscles and nerves.

•   In this way, magnesium supports the smooth functioning of the muscular system. 

Magnesium is found in many foods with high variations in content. Pulses, green leafy vegetables and cereal products all have a high magnesium content. An unbalanced diet containing less fruit and vegetables, consumption of fast food as well as magnesium loss, e.g. during exercise and physical stress, can result in an inadequate magnesium supply.

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Protina Pharmazeutische GmbHAdalperostrasse 37 • D-85737 IsmaningPhone +49 89-99 65 53-0 Fax +49 89-96 34 46international@protina.de www.diasporal.com

Magnesium

TESTon the

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USE THIS TEST TO FIND OUT WHETHER YOU ARE GETTING ENOUGH MAGNESIUM:

Do you exercise at least twice a week?

Do you frequently suffer from muscle and calf cramps?

Do you frequently experience muscle tension, particularly in the neck and shoulders?

Do you frequently notice numbness or tingling in your arms and legs?

Do your eyelids twitch every now and then?

Are you a diabetic?

Do you regularly have (tension) headaches or migraines?

Do you frequently feel stressed?

Do you sometimes experience heart palpitations or an accelerated heart rate?

Do you tend to have high blood pressure?

Do you often have more than 2 alcoholic drinks per week?

Do you regularly take any of the medicines listed below? Medicines which increase the flow of urine (diuretics), laxatives, drugs which reduce stomach acid production (proton pump inhibitors)

TEST RESULT

If you answered “Yes” to at least two questions, this may indicate that you are not getting enough magnesium. Taking Magnesium-Diasporal® regularly can ensure an adequate supply of magnesium or can be a way of meeting an increased magnesium requirement.

Your doctor or pharmacist will be happy to advise you.

MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY

Typical signs of magnesium deficiency are painful muscle and calf cramps. The tendency to suffer from calf cramps increases substantially with age. For this reason, elderly patients in particular often complain of these symptoms. Furthermore, magnesium deficiencycan cause tension in the neck and shoulder muscles, tingling in the fingers or eyelid twitching.

HOW DOES MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY DEVELOP?

An unbalanced diet plays a role, as does taking medicine or suffering from different diseases. Magnesium requirements can increase as a result of life circum-stances such as periods of stress or during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

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See page 20 for product details

Magnesium can help to alleviate symptoms successfully. The World Health Oganisation (WHO) specifies a daily dose of 300 mg magnesium to treat magnesium deficiency. Regular magnesium intake can reliably counter act a deficiency.

Babies Male Female

0 to less than 4 months 4 to less than 12 months

24 mg 60 mg

24 mg 60 mg

Children

1 to less than 4 years 4 to less than 7 years 7 to less than 10 years 10 to less than 13 years 13 to less than 15 years

80 mg 120 mg 170 mg 230 mg 310 mg

80 mg 120 mg 170 mg 250 mg 310 mg

Adolescents/adults

15 to less than 19 years 19 to less than 25 years 25 to less than 51 years 51 to less than 65 years 65 years and older

400 mg 400 mg 350 mg 350 mg 350 mg

350 mg 310 mg 300 mg 300 mg 300 mg

Pregnant women 310 mg

Breastfeeding 390 mg

SIGNS OF MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY

CALF CRAMPS

Calf cramps are not just annoying, they are also very painful. They often disturb our sleep at night or occur in the early hours of morning.

Calf cramps are typical symptoms of acute magnesium deficiency. Magnesium ensures that a muscle relaxes after it has contracted. In cases of magnesium deficiency, muscle excitability is increased, which leads to uncontrolled tightening of the muscle and thus to cramps. Muscle cramps resulting from magnesium deficiency can also occur in the feet, toes or hands.

In cases of nocturnal calf cramps, consider to take magnesium in the evening before going to bed.

GOOD TO

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REFERENCE VALUES FOR RECOMMENDED MAGNESIUM INTAKE (mg / DAY)

The following table shows your magnesium requirement according to your age and gender:

D-A-CH (Germany, Austria and Switzerland, Reference values for nutrient intake (2000)

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TENSION

Muscle tension is particularly common in the shoulder and neck area. It is important to avoid a relief posture to compensate for pain, because this just makes the symptoms worse.

The causes may include stress, injuries, poor posture or inflammation. But magnesium plays a vital role as well because our muscles need magnesium to relax. Muscle complaints caused by magnesium deficiency can be alleviated, for example by taking a high-quality magnesium citrate product from the pharmacy.

NERVES

Today, stress is practically a normal part of everyday life. You have to strike a balance between family, friends and career. This constant stress has negative effects on health.

There are good reasons why magnesium is considered as the “anti-stress mineral” since magnesium regulates the release of stress hormones. In stressful situations, magnesium consumption is increased and hence magnesium requirement is also higher. People who focus on a good magnesium balance by an increase magnesium intake during stressful times can help their nervous system to function normally.

SLEEP DISORDERS

Many people have sleep-related issues. They either find it difficult to fall asleep, wake up frequently or fail to sleep deeply enough. In either case, they feel absolutely exhausted the next day and their efficiency is reduced. Magnesium relaxes and inhibits the secretion of stress hormones and thus can also have a positive effect on sleep disorders.

HEART PROBLEMS

Magnesium is involved in many vital processes in our body. As a natural antagonist to calcium, magnesium regulates heart muscle function, for example. While calcium is responsible for the excitatory effect on the heart muscle, magnesium ensures that it relaxes. It is therefore worth recommending that people with cardiac arrhythmias take magnesium regularly.

BLOOD PRESSURE

An adequate supply of magnesium is also important for a normal blood pressure. Many patients with high blood pressure take medicines such as diuretics to reduce it. These can lead to an increased magnesium excretion and can thus facilitate magnesium deficiency.

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WHO NEEDS TO ENSURE AN ADEQUAT MAGNESIUM SUPPLY IN PARTICULAR?

THE 50+ GENERATION

Physical activity and thus food and fluid intake decline with increasing age while magnesium requirement remains unchanged. At the same time, magnesium-rich foods such as pulses or whole grain products are often avoided, as they are more difficult to digest. As a result, the body may be inadequately supplied with magnesium. Therefore, experts advise to ensure an adequate magnesium intake particularly for older people.

DIABETICS

There are approx. sixty million diabetics in Europe at present. The majority of them – about 90 percent – suffer from type 2 diabetes. Besides being overweight and lack of exercise, magnesium also plays an important part in the development of this disease. Magnesium is very important for insulin to be effective on the one hand, and on the other, magnesium requirements are increased in people with diabetes. They lose more magnesium via urine, since magnesium excretion is increased because of changes in kidney function. There fore, it is particularly important for people with diabetes to ensure a high magnesium intake.

WOMEN DURING THE MENOPAUSE

Like puberty and pregnancy, the menopause is a time of radical change in women’s lives. When women reach their late forties, the production of hormones such as oestrogen and progesterone slowly declines. This has among others an effect on the autonomic nervous system which for example controls metabolism, circulation and the gastro-intestinal tract.

Typical menopausal symptoms such as profuse sweating, sleeping problem or palpitations frequently occur. In this phase of life, magnesium assures healthy muscles and relaxed nerves and its effects include an improved sleep pattern.

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PREGNANCY

For every mother to be, pregnancy is an extraordinary time. The body changes in various ways and requires more energy than usual and thus also more minerals, such as magnesium for example, because of increased magnesium requirement due to the baby’s growth.

In addition, the mother’s metabolism changes and approx. 20 percent more magnesium is excreted via the kidneys. A high-quality magnesium product should therefore be taken at the latest from the second tri mester of pregnancy onwards.

BREASTFEEDING

During breastfeeding, mother and child experience closeness. By breastfeeding, mothers do not only provide their baby with food, security, protection and love but also help them to develop a resistant immune system. For a healthy start in life, breast- feeding women should focus on an adequate intake of minerals such as magnesium.

MIGRAINE

Migraine patients often show decreased blood magnesium levels , so magnesium deficiency seems to play an important role in the development of migraine. A high-dose magnesium intake (2 x 300 mg daily) would therefore be a sensible approach to migraine prevention.

Incidentally, highly-dosed magnesium is recommended by the German Migraine and Headache Society for the treatment and prevention of migraine.

PATIENTS UNDER MEDICATION

The use of diuretics and laxatives causes more magnesium to be excreted via the kidneys, resulting in magnesium loss. People taking inhibitors of stomach acid production (e.g. omeprazole, pantoprazole) to prevent heartburn could be affected by magnesium deficiency, because of im paired magnesium absorp tion.

You should therefore prevent magnesium deficiency if you are taking these medicines on a long-term basis.

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ATHLETES

It does not matter whether you pursue a physically demanding form of exercise, enjoy gardening, hiking or other sports. People who are physically active have an increased requirement for magnesium. Our body needs more magnesium because of muscle activity and the loss by sweating.

It is of particular importance for active people and athletes to take high-dosed magnesium regularly because magnesium contributes to normal muscle function and energy metabolism.

Please note: Daily magnesium requirement in athletes, depending on the type of sport may be twice or even three times as high as the recommendation of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) or the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) at the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (USA) (see also Table on page 6).

Ideal for athletes:

•   High-dosed granules for oral solution, because  they simultaneously compensate for fluid loss through sweating 

•   High-dosed granules for direct use, because  they can be taken without water which works  for people frequently on the go

Take magnesium after exercise because it might have a mild laxative effect.

GOOD TO

KNOW

See page 22/23 for product details

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MAGNESIUM-DIASPORAL® – HIGH QUALITY FOR ALL DEMANDS

Magnesium-Diasporal® stands for high quality – based on a premium-quality magnesium in appropriate dosages. An adequate magnesium intake is only guaranteed when both criteria are present.

Food contains magnesium in organic form, e.g. as magnesium citrate. Magnesium citrate naturally occurs in the human body, therefore this organic form of magnesium is particularly well absorbed and fast-acting. This is why almost all Magnesium-Diasporal® products contain biocompatible magnesium citrate.

To guarantee an adequate magnesium supply, it is also important to ensure a sufficient magnesi um intake.

The German Nutrition Society (DGE) and the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) at the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (USA) recommend 300 to 400 mg magnesium per day – depending on age and gender (see Table on page 6).

A variety of dosage forms, dosages and tastes allows you to select your preferred magnesium product from the Magnesium Diasporal® range.

Calf cramps? Tensions?

Magnesium-Diasporal® 300 mg – the only  pharmaceutical  with  pure  magnesium  citrate,  as  it  naturally occurs in the human body. Therefore, it is biocompatible and fast-acting.

• Strong, direct and sustainable•  Against cramps and tensions• Only once a day•  24 hours long-term effect

Magnesium-Diasporal® 300 mg, granules for oral solution (active ingredient: magnesium citrate). Therapeutic indication: Treatment and prevention of magnesium deficiency. Contains sucrose (sugar) and sodium. For risks and side-effects, please read the package leaflet and ask your doctor or pharmacist. Protina Pharmazeutische GmbH, D-85737 Ismaning

AppropriateDOSAGE

Different FORMS

The entire Diasporal® range is lactose-free and gluten-free.

GOOD TO

KNOW

dia

spora

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FOR INCREASED DEMANDS 400mg

Diasporal® EXTRA CLASS products contain an extra high quantity of magnesium and are suitable for people with increased magnesium requirements. Just one daily dose supplies your body with 400 mg magnesium, helping to cover your increased magnesium needs.

Page 22– 24

FOR DAILY REQUIREMENTS 300mg

The World Health Organisation (WHO) specifies a dosage of 300 mg magnesium per day to treat magnesium deficiency. To support your magnesium supply, 300 mg magnesium can be taken once a day to supplement your diet.

Page 20– 21

FOR INDIVIDUAL NEEDS

THE MAGNESIUM- DIASPORAL® RANGE

Magnesium-Diasporal® is also available at lower dosage for everyone who needs individual doses of magnesium or prefer to take their magnesium split into several doses during the day.

Page 25– 27

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Magnesium-Diasporal® 300 direct granules for direct use

Extra fast intake without water and they dissolve directly in the mouth.

•   Granules for direct use with 300 mg  of magnesium per sachet 

•   Lemon taste

•   Only once a day

•   Without sugar, artificial sweeteners  and colourants, with sweetener sorbitol  (< 0.1 carbohydrate unit)

Ingredient: biocompatible magnesium citrate with magnesium oxide

FOR DAILY REQUIREMENTS300mg FOR DAILY REQUIREMENTS 300

mg

Food supplement*

Package sizes: 20, 50, 100 sachets

Magnesium-Diasporal® 300 mg, granules for oral solution (active ingredient: magnesium citrate). Therapeutic indication: Treatment and prevention of magnesium deficiency. Contains sucrose (sugar) and sodium. For risks and side-effects, please read the package leaflet and ask your doctor or pharmacist. Protina Pharmazeutische GmbH, D-85737 Ismaning, Germany

Magnesium-Diasporal® 300 direct, granules for direct use. Food supplement. Magnesium contributes to normal muscle function and a normal functioning of the nervous system. Protina Pharmazeutische GmbH, D-85737 Ismaning, Germany

Magnesium-Diasporal® 300 mg granules for oral solution

Biocompatible EXPRESS magnesium: strong, direct and long-lasting. Magnesium Diasporal® 300 mg, granules for oral solution – the only pharmaceutical with pure magnesium citrate as it naturally occurs in the human body. Therefore, it is biocompatible and fast-acting.

•   Granules for oral solution with 300 mg  of magnesium per sachet

•  Slight orange taste

•  Only once a day – 24 hours long-term effect

•   Without artificial sweeteners and colourants,  contains sucrose (sugar, 0.2 carbohydrate unit)  and sodium

•   Rapidly dissolves in water, tea or juice

•   Not fizzy

Active ingredient: pure biocompatible magnesium citrate

OTC pharmaceutical*

Package sizes: 20, 50, 100 sachets

For vegans

Lactose-free

Gluten-free

*status in Germany

For vegans

Lactose-free

Gluten-free

*status in Germany

Magnesium-Diasporal® 400 EXTRA granules for oral solution

Diasporal® EXTRA granules for oral solution contain pure magnesium citrate as it naturally occurs in the human body. Due to the mineral compound of organic magnesium citrate, it is biocompatible and fast-acting.

•   EXTRA STRONG, dosage with 400 mg  magnesium per sachet

•   EXTRA FRUITY due to natural orange juice  concentrate 

•  Only once a day

•   Without sugar, without artificial colourants  (< 0.2 carbohydrate unit)

Ingredient: pure biocompatible magnesium citrate

Magnesium-Diasporal® 400 EXTRA direct granules for direct use

Diasporal® EXTRA granules for direct use can be taken quickly without water and they dissolve directly in the mouth.

•   EXTRA STRONG, dosage with 400 mg  magnesium per sachet

•   EXTRA FRUITY due to natural orange juice  powder

•  Only once a day

•   Without sugar and artificial colourants, with sweetener sorbitol (< 0.1 carbohydrate unit)

Ingredient: biocompatible magnesium citrate with magnesium oxide

FOR INCREASED DEMANDS400mg FOR INCREASED DEMANDS 400

mg

Magnesium-Diasporal® 400 EXTRA, granules for oral solution. Food supplement. Magnesium contributes to normal muscle function and a normal functioning of the nervous system. Protina Pharmazeutische GmbH, D-85737 Ismaning, Germany

Magnesium-Diasporal® 400 EXTRA direct, granules for direct use. Food supplement. Magnesium contributes to normal muscle function and a normal functioning of the nervous system. Protina Pharma-zeutische GmbH, D-85737 Ismaning, Germany

Food supplement*

Package sizes: 20, 50, 100 sachets

Food supplement*

Package sizes: 20, 50 sachets

For vegans

Lactose-free

Gluten-free

*status in Germany

For vegans

Lactose-free

Gluten-free

*status in Germany

Magnesium-Diasporal® 400 EXTRA capsules

Diasporal® EXTRA capsules are ideal for everyone who prefers a fast magnesium intake without any taste.

•   EXTRA STRONG, dosage with 400 mg  magnesium per capsule

•   EXTRA CONVENIENT in a resealable can

•  Tasteless

•  Only once a day

•   Without sweeteners and sugar  (0 carbohydrate units)

•  Small and easy to swallow

Ingredient: magnesium oxide

Magnesium-Diasporal® 100 lozenges

Magnesium-Diasporal® 100 lozenges contain pure magnesium citrate as it naturally occurs in the human body. Therefore, it is biocompatible and fast-acting.

•  100 mg magnesium per lozenge

•  Mild orange taste

•  3x daily

•   With sugar and sweeteners  (< 0.1 carbohydrate unit)

•  For individual dosage

Active ingredient: pure biocompatible magnesium citrate

FOR INCREASED DEMANDS400mg FOR INDIVIDUAL NEEDS

Magnesium-Diasporal® 100 lozenges (active ingredient: magnesium citrate). Therapeutic indication: Magnesium deficiency if it causes muscular activity disorders (neuromuscular disorders, calf muscle cramps). Contains sucrose (sugar). For risks and side-effects, please read the package leaflet and ask your doctor or pharmacist. Protina Pharmazeutische GmbH, D-85737 Ismaning, Germany

EXTRA CONVENIENT in a resealable can

Magnesium-Diasporal® 400 EXTRA capsules. Food supplement. Magnesium contributes to normal muscle function and a normal functioning of the nervous system. Protina Pharmazeutische GmbH, D-85737 Ismaning, Germany

OTC pharmaceutical*

Package sizes: 50, 100 lozenges

Food supplement*

Package sizes: 20, 50, 100 capsules Lactose-free

Gluten-free

*status in Germany

For vegans

Lactose-free

Gluten-free

*status in Germany

Magnesium-Diasporal® 150 capsules

Convenient and tasteless: ideal for pregnancy and breastfeeding

•  150 mg magnesium per capsule

•  Tasteless

•  2x daily

•   Without artificial sweeteners and sugar  (0 carbohydrate units)

•  Small and easy to swallow

Active ingredient: magnesium oxide

Magnesium-Diasporal® 250 active effervescent tablets

Magnesium-Diasporal® 250 active effervescent tablets contain pure magnesium citrate as it naturally occurs in the human body. Therefore, it is biocompatible and fast-acting.

•   250 mg magnesium per effervescent tablet

•   Refreshing lemon taste

•   Only once a day

•   Without sugar and artificial colourants  (<<0.1 carbohydrate unit)

•   Quickly and clearly soluble

Ingredient: pure biocompatible magnesium citrate

Magnesium-Diasporal® 150, capsules (active ingredient: magnesium oxide). Therapeutic indications: Magnesium deficiency if it causes muscular activity disorders (neuromuscular disorders, calf muscle cramps). For risks and side-effects please read the package leaflet and ask your doctor or pharmacist. Protina Pharmazeutische GmbH, D-85737 Ismaning, Germany

FOR INDIVIDUAL NEEDS FOR INDIVIDUAL NEEDS

Magnesium-Diasporal® 250 active, effervescent tablets. Food supplement. Magnesium contributes to normal muscle function and a normal functioning of the nervous system. Protina Pharmazeutische GmbH, D-85737 Ismaning, Germany

Food supplement*

packaging size: 20 effervescent tablets

OTC pharmaceutical*

Package sizes: 50, 100 capsules Lactose-free

Gluten-free

*status in Germany

For vegans

Lactose-free

Gluten-free

*status in Germany

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW WHEN TAKING MAGNESIUM

COMPENSATE FOR AND PREVENT MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY

To compensate magnesium deficiency, the World Health Organisation (WHO) specifies a daily dose of 300 mg magnesium. In cases of acute deficiency symptoms, such as calf cramps, magnesium should be continuously taken until symptoms have subsided because magnesium stores can take approx. four weeks to replenish.

HOW TO TAKE MAGNESIUM CORRECTLY

In cases of nocturnal calf cramps, it may be helpful to take magnesium in the evening before going to bed. Magnesium levels decrease at night, so cramps can easily occur. Athletes should not take magnesium until the recovery phase after exercise since it can have a mild laxative effect.

SIDE-EFFECTS

If you are just starting to take magnesium, soft stool or diarrhoea may occur. This is harmless and generally clears up on its own. It does mean that the magnesium dose should be reduced, because soft stool is a sign that the intestine cannot absorb any more magnesium.

It is best to take magnesium in the evening!

GOOD TO

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OVERDOSE?

If you have accidentally taken too much magnesium, you will notice this from soft stool.

If your kidney function is intact, excessive magnesium is excreted with the urine. Oral overdose is therefore practically impossible. Please talk to your doctor if you have any doubt.

TAKE MAGNESIUM AND CALCIUM SEPARATELY

When highly-dosed magnesium and highly-dosed calcium (e.g. 300 mg magnesium and 1,000 mg calcium) are taken simultaneously, these minerals can exert reciprocal adverse effects on intestinal absorption. For this reason, we recommend to keep an interval of two to three hours between taking highly-dosed magnesium and calcium products.

We recommend taking calcium in the morning and magnesium in the evening. This does not apply to low-dosed combined products.

MEDICATION

When taking long-term treatment with inhibitors of stomach acid production (e.g. omeprazole, panto-prazole) to prevent acid reflux and heartburn, severe magnesium deficiency may occur because magnesium absorption is impaired. Warnings to this effect can be found in the package leaflets for the medicines in question. If you take stomach acid blockers regularly, look out for the symptoms of magnesium deficiency (e.g. calf cramps, muscle tension) and take a high-quality product containing magnesium citrate as well. The body can absorb magnesium citrate without any need for gastric acid. This is a reliable way to prevent magnesium deficiency caused by inhibitors of stomach acid production.

MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY: WHEN DO YOU NEED TO TALK TO YOUR DOCTOR?

If you suffer from severe kidney dysfunction and slow heart beat (bradycardia), you should talk to your doctor before taking magnesium. Some drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, cisplatin and cyclosporine A, lead to accelerated magnesium excretion via the kidneys. This may mean that the dose has to be adjusted.

As well as highly-dosed calcium, fluoride and anti-biotics from the tetracycline group affect magne sium absorption in the intestine. An interval of two to three hours should therefore be observed when these medicines and magnesium are taken at the same time.

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Protina Pharmazeutische GmbHAdalperostrasse 37 D-85737 IsmaningPhone  +49 89-99 65 53-0 Fax  +49 89-96 34 46international@protina.de www.diasporal.com

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