MADELEINE LEININGERS THEORY OF CULTURE CARE DIVERSITY &
UNIVERSALITY Amy Boge & Lindsay Scholten Nursing 324 Ferris
State University
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INTRODUCTION Madeleine Leininger developed the Theory of
Culture Care Diversity and Universality. She described Three
dominant modes to guide nursing decisions and actions in order to
provide cultural congruent care. They are (a) cultural care
maintenance or preservation, (b) cultural care accommodation or
negotiation, and (c) cultural care restructuring and repatterning.
In sum, the purpose of the theory is to describe, account for,
interpret, and predict cultural congruent care in order to attain
the ultimate goal of the theory, namely to provide quality care to
clients of diverse cultures that is congruent, satisfying, and
beneficial to them (Leininger, 1988, p. 155). Objectives: Define
how nursing theory is used for evidence based practice. Define how
nursing theory is used for evidence based practice. Define nursing,
person, health, and environment according to Leiningers theory.
Define nursing, person, health, and environment according to
Leiningers theory. Explore how Leiningers theory can improve the
contemporary health care environment. Explore how Leiningers theory
can improve the contemporary health care environment.
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HOW IS NURSING THEORY USED FOR EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE? Nursing
theory combined with research helps to find the answers to
difficult questions in nursing practice (Black, 2014). Nursing
theory combined with research helps to find the answers to
difficult questions in nursing practice (Black, 2014). Theoretical
models are often used to develop research questions (Black, 2014).
Theoretical models are often used to develop research questions
(Black, 2014). Theory provides a solid base and history for
nursing, while continued research ensures relevance and a future
for nursing. Theory provides a solid base and history for nursing,
while continued research ensures relevance and a future for
nursing. In general, a theory is effective if it can discover,
explain, interpret, and predict a phenomenon. There are different
ways to define and use theories; there is no one right way to
generate, test, analyze, and evaluate theories. More scientists are
beginning to use qualitative approaches for inquiry to expand
knowledge, especially in the human sciences (Leininger, 1988, p.
154). Watson (1991) stated that nursing is a transcultural
discipline and [Leiningers] theory is a milestone to contribute to
the unique nature of nursing no other work has systematically
linked theory, method and practice to address the culture care
needs of human beings (as cited in Leininger, 2007, p. 12).
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THE METAPARADIGM CONCEPTS OF NURSING DEFINITIONS BASED ON
LEININGERS THEORY Nursing Leininger (2007) believed care to be the
essence of nursing ( p. 9) and the central, dominant, and unifying
feature of nursing (Leininger, 1988, p. 152). She believed nurses
should use creativity to discover cultural aspects of human needs
(Black, 2014, p. 277). The nurse must listen with a very open mind
to the informant, learning from them, and not imposing (Leininger,
2002, p. 192) his or her own ideas on the patient. Culturally based
nursing care is essential to the health and well-being of patients
(Black, 2014, p. 278). Person Every individual is unique and has
different needs, cultural beliefs, and values (Black, 2014).
Leiningers (2007) theory focuses on discovering diversities and
universalities (p. 10), or differences and similarities between
people to improve wellness and quality of life through culturally
congruent nursing care.
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THE METAPARADIGM CONCEPTS OF NURSING DEFINITIONS BASED ON
LEININGERS THEORY Health Leininger (2007) says culturally based
care is necessary to nurture the quality of life and health and to
prevent illness or disabilities (p. 10). Health refers to a state
of well-being that is culturally defined, valued, and practiced and
which reflects the ability of individuals (or groups) to perform
their daily role activities in a culturally satisfactory way
(Leininger, 1988, p. 156). Providing care with the patients
cultural needs in mind will prevent stress, conflicts, and
imposition of practices (Leininger, 2007, p. 10). Environment
Environment refers to the totality of an event, situation, or
particular experience that gives meaning to human expressions,
including social interactions and physical, ecological, emotional,
and cultural dimensions (Leininger, 1988, p. 156). Leiningers
(2007) theory focuses on this concept specifically by suggesting
nurses provide holistic, culturally congruent care. When patients
environments are considered, they are more likely to accept care
and cooperate with nurses to improve their health (Leininger,
2007).
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HOW CAN LEININGERS THEORY IMPROVE THE CONTEMPORARY HEALTH CARE
ENVIRONMENT? Local Leiningers (2007) theory can help change nurses
thinking about other cultures by eliminating biases and
misconceptions. help change nurses thinking about other cultures by
eliminating biases and misconceptions. promote health and make
health services more fitting to the cultural lifeways (Leininger,
2007, p. 12) of clients. promote health and make health services
more fitting to the cultural lifeways (Leininger, 2007, p. 12) of
clients. Regional Culturally competent nurses are needed as the
United States is becoming more racially diverse (Black, 2014).
Culturally competent nurses are needed as the United States is
becoming more racially diverse (Black, 2014). Understanding
cultural backgrounds improves communication and helps create better
nurse-patient relationships (Black, 2014). Understanding cultural
backgrounds improves communication and helps create better
nurse-patient relationships (Black, 2014). Global Leininger (2007)
believed that if cultures, individuals, and nations would discover
and practice culturally congruent care, then peaceful relations
could prevail among all human cultures ( p. 12). Leininger (2007)
believed that if cultures, individuals, and nations would discover
and practice culturally congruent care, then peaceful relations
could prevail among all human cultures ( p. 12). Using Leiningers
theory, nursing can be a major contributor to meeting the
humanitarian and cultural needs in [the] global universe
(Leininger, 2007, p. 12). Using Leiningers theory, nursing can be a
major contributor to meeting the humanitarian and cultural needs in
[the] global universe (Leininger, 2007, p. 12).
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REFERENCES Black, B.P. (2014). Professional nursing: Concepts
and challenges (7 th ed.) Maryland Heights, MO: Saunders Leininger,
M. (2002). Culture care theory: A major contribution to advance
transcultural nursing knowledge and practices. Journal of
Transcultural Nursing, 13(3), 189-192. doi:
10.1177/10459602013003005 Leininger, M. (2007). Theoretical
questions and concerns: Response from the theory of culture care
diversity and universality perspective. Nursing Science Quarterly,
20(1), 9-13. doi: 10.1177/0894318406296784 Leininger, M. (2007).
Theoretical questions and concerns: Response from the theory of
culture care diversity and universality perspective. Nursing
Science Quarterly, 20(1), 9-13. doi: 10.1177/0894318406296784
Leininger, M. (1998). Special research report: Dominant culture
care (EMIC) meanings and practice findings from Leiningers theory.
Journal of Transcultural Leininger, M. (1998). Special research
report: Dominant culture care (EMIC) meanings and practice findings
from Leiningers theory. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 9(2),
45-48. doi: 10.1177/104365969800900297 Leininger, M.M. (1988).
Leiningers theory of nursing: Cultural care diversity and
universality. Nursing Science Quarterly, 1(4), 152-160. doi:
10.1177/089431848800100408 Leininger, M.M. (1988). Leiningers
theory of nursing: Cultural care diversity and universality.
Nursing Science Quarterly, 1(4), 152-160. doi:
10.1177/089431848800100408