Macromolecules ReviewMacromolecules ReviewScience DepartmentScience Department

BiologyBiology

YM, 2010YM, 2010

1. Define Organic. 1. Define Organic.

1. Define Organic 1. Define Organic

Molecules that have the element Molecules that have the element CARBONCARBON

2. Define Monomer2. Define Monomer

2. Define Monomer.2. Define Monomer.

Small, simple units

3. What are 3. What are polymers?polymers?

Larger units made of Larger units made of monomersmonomers

3. What are 3. What are polymers?polymers?

4. Define 4. Define polymerization.polymerization.

Process of creating Process of creating large, large,

macromolecules macromolecules

4. Define 4. Define polymerization. polymerization.

5. What are the four 5. What are the four groups of groups of

macromolecules?macromolecules?

1.1. LipidsLipids2.2. CarbohydratesCarbohydrates3.3. ProteinsProteins4.4. Nucleic acidsNucleic acids

5. 5. What are the four What are the four groups of groups of

macromolecules?macromolecules?

6. What elements make 6. What elements make up a LIPID?up a LIPID?

carbon and hydrogencarbon and hydrogen

6. 6. What elements make What elements make up a LIPID?up a LIPID?

7. What is the monomer 7. What is the monomer of a LIPID?of a LIPID?

1 glycerol head and 3 fatty-acids tails

7. 7. What is the monomer What is the monomer of a LIPID?of a LIPID?

1-Glycerol Head

3-Fatty Acid Tails

8. What are four 8. What are four common examples of a common examples of a

LIPID?LIPID?

Fats, oils, waxes and steroidsFats, oils, waxes and steroids

8. What are four 8. What are four common examples of a common examples of a

LIPID?LIPID?

9. What are the elements in carbohydrates?

9. What are the elements in carbohydrates?

Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

10. What is the function 10. What is the function of carbohydrates?of carbohydrates?

10. What is the function 10. What is the function of carbohydrates?of carbohydrates?

Main source of energy in living things.

11. What are the 11. What are the monomers of a monomers of a carbohydrate?carbohydrate?

MonosaccharideMonosaccharide

11. What are the 11. What are the monomers of a monomers of a carbohydrate?carbohydrate?

12. What is the polymer 12. What is the polymer of a carbohydrate?of a carbohydrate?

PolysaccharidePolysaccharide

12. What is the 12. What is the polymer of a polymer of a

carbohydrate? carbohydrate?

13. Give two 13. Give two examples of a examples of a

monosaccharide.monosaccharide.

Glucose, FructoseGlucose, Fructose

13. Give two 13. Give two examples of a examples of a

monosaccharide.monosaccharide.

14. Give two 14. Give two examples of a examples of a

polysaccharide.polysaccharide.

Starch (plants) Starch (plants)

Glycogen (animals)Glycogen (animals)

14. Give two 14. Give two examples of a examples of a

polysaccharide.polysaccharide.

15. 15. Benedict’s Benedict’s solution.solution. Which group Which group of carbohydrates will of carbohydrates will produce a POSITIVE produce a POSITIVE

test? test?

MonosaccharidesMonosaccharides

15. 15. Benedict’s Benedict’s solution.solution. Which group Which group of carbohydrates will of carbohydrates will produce a POSITIVE produce a POSITIVE

test? test?

15. 15. Benedict’s Benedict’s solution.solution. How does it How does it

worK worK

In the presence of a In the presence of a MONOSACCHARIDE and HEAT, it MONOSACCHARIDE and HEAT, it

changes from BLUE to changes from BLUE to RED/ORANGE.RED/ORANGE.

15. 15. Benedict’s Benedict’s solution.solution. How does it How does it

work? work?

16. 16. Lugol’s Iodine Lugol’s Iodine solution.solution. Which group of Which group of

carbohydrates will produce carbohydrates will produce a POSITIVE test? a POSITIVE test?

StarchesStarches

16. 16. Lugol’s Iodine Lugol’s Iodine solution.solution. Which group of Which group of

carbohydrates will produce carbohydrates will produce a POSITIVE test? a POSITIVE test?

In the presence of a starch, it In the presence of a starch, it changes from BROWN to changes from BROWN to

BLUISH/BLACK.BLUISH/BLACK.

16. 16. Lugol’s Iodine Lugol’s Iodine solution.solution. How does it How does it

work? work?

17. What is the function 17. What is the function of a Nucleic Acid?of a Nucleic Acid?

17. What is the function 17. What is the function of a Nucleic Acid?of a Nucleic Acid?

Store and transmit genetic information

18. What is the 18. What is the monomer of a nucleic monomer of a nucleic

acid? acid?

NucleotideNucleotide

18. What is the 18. What is the monomer of a nucleic monomer of a nucleic

acid? acid?

19. Two types of 19. Two types of nucleic acids are nucleic acids are _____ and _____. _____ and _____.

DNA and RNADNA and RNA

19. Two types of 19. Two types of nucleic acids are nucleic acids are _____ and _____._____ and _____.

20. What are the 20. What are the elements that make elements that make

up a protein?up a protein?

C H O NCarbon, hydrogen, oxygen

and nitrogen

20. What are the 20. What are the elements that make elements that make

up a protein?up a protein?

21. What is the 21. What is the monomer of a monomer of a

protein? protein?

Amino AcidAmino Acid

21. What is the 21. What is the monomer of a monomer of a

protein? protein?

22. What is the 22. What is the function of a protein? function of a protein?

Form muscles and bones, transport substances, and

control the rate of reactions in the body.

22. What is the 22. What is the function of a protein? function of a protein?

23. Define Activation 23. Define Activation Energy.Energy.

The energy needed to start a chemical reaction.

23. Define Activation 23. Define Activation Energy.Energy.

Ex: Match starts a campfire

24. Define Catalyst.24. Define Catalyst.

Chemicals that can speed up a chemical reaction.

24. Define Catalyst.24. Define Catalyst.

25. What is the 25. What is the difference between a difference between a

catalyst and an catalyst and an enzyme?enzyme?

Enzymes are found in LIVING things and are used over and

over.

25. What is the 25. What is the difference between a difference between a

catalyst and an catalyst and an enzyme?enzyme?

26. How is a match 26. How is a match similar to an enzyme?similar to an enzyme?

Both are catalysts.

26. How is a match 26. How is a match similar to an enzyme?similar to an enzyme?

27. What is an 27. What is an enzyme and what enzyme and what

does it do?does it do?

A Biological catalyst that speeds up reactions by

decreasing activation energy.

27. What is an 27. What is an enzyme and what enzyme and what

does it do?does it do?

28. What factors can 28. What factors can affect the functioning of affect the functioning of

an enzyme?an enzyme?

Change in: pH

TemperatureSalinity (ions)

Substrate (starting ingredient) concentration

28. What factors can 28. What factors can affect the functioning of affect the functioning of

an enzyme?an enzyme?

29. What does the 29. What does the word “Denature” word “Denature”

mean?mean?

The proteins’ natural structure is permanently

changed.

29. What does the 29. What does the word “Denature” word “Denature”

mean?mean?

30. What are the 30. What are the conditions that affect conditions that affect

enzyme activity?enzyme activity?

Change in pH, temperature, or substrate concentration.

30. What are the 30. What are the conditions that affect conditions that affect

enzyme activity?enzyme activity?

31. What happens if any 31. What happens if any of these conditions is of these conditions is

altered?altered?

Denaturation

31. What happens if any 31. What happens if any of these conditions is of these conditions is

altered?altered?

Apply your knowledge!

Why does a tomato ripen faster at room temperature versus leaving it in the refrigerator?

Apply your knowledge!

Why does a tomato ripen faster at room temperature versus leaving it in the refrigerator?

The enzyme does not work as fast in cold temperatures.

Apply your knowledge!

Why does the egg white of an egg become opaque and firm when heated?

Apply your knowledge!

Why does the egg white of an egg become opaque and firm when heated?

The protein, albumin, gets denatured!

Study!