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ANNA MARIE P. ALO Goat ISP Manager and
Supervising Science Research Specialist
PCAARRD-DOST
Alternative livelihood for JUAN
Goat-based
Enterprises
Goat Industry Situationer Goat Industry Situationer
�Sunrise industry slowly gaining favour with investors
�Total inventory: 3.72M goat (BAS, 2012) 98% backyard, 2% commercial
�Provides livelihood to 1.34M
Filipinos (BAS 2010)
Contents Contents
Where is the goat industry now?
Why are goats important?
How can Juan profit from goat raising?
4
1
2
3
How can we help Juan start his goat biz?
Economic Importance Economic Importance
• Lower in saturated fat than chicken,
pork or beef
• Low in cholesterol, high in protein
• Demand & extraction rate greater than
production
Chevon is a
healthy meat
Chevon is a
healthy meat
Great market
potentials
Great market
potentials
Slaughter Goat
Economic Importance Economic Importance
• Closer to human milk, easier to digest and
assimilate in the human body
• With 3.8 times more calcium than a
mother's milk
• Goat milk soap rejuvenates, protects,
moisturizers and exfoliates human skin
Healthier
milk than
cow’s milk
Healthier
milk than
cow’s milk
Dairy Goat
Other Advantages Other Advantages
Fits smallhold farm conditions
Can be raised by any member
of the family
Requires little initial capital
Integral to Filipino festivities
Other Advantages Other Advantages
Financially rewarding
• NPV for a 25-doe enterprise
is P197k; IRR, 38.5%
• Good return for P264k total
investment, recovered over
a period of 3 years
(PCAARRD, 2012)
Other Advantages Other Advantages
Reproduces fast
JanJanJanJan FebFebFebFeb MarMarMarMar AprAprAprApr MayMayMayMay JunJunJunJun JulJulJulJul AugAugAugAug SepSepSepSep OctOctOctOct NovNovNovNov DecDecDecDec
IIII B1B1B1B1
K1K1K1K1
1111:1:1:1:1
B2B2B2B2
W1W1W1W1
K2K2K2K2
1111:1:1:1:1
IIIIIIII B3B3B3B3
W2W2W2W2
K3K3K3K3
1111:1:1:1:1
B4B4B4B4
W3W3W3W3
IIII Kd1Kd1Kd1Kd1
IIIIIIII B1B1B1B1
K1K1K1K1
1111:1:1:1:1
B2B2B2B2W1W1W1W1
K1K1K1K1
1111:1:1:1:1
IIII Kd2Kd2Kd2Kd2
IIIIIIII B1B1B1B1
K1K1K1K1
1111:1:1:1:1
• Doe-3 kiddings per 2 years = 6 kids
• First Offspring – 2 kiddings = 4 kids
• Second offspring – 1 kidding = 2 kids
Ave. kids in 2 years = 12 kids
Reproduction Rate Reproduction Rate
PRODUCTION ASPECTS GOAT CATTLE CARABAO
Cost of Female Breeder P 4, 000 16, 000 20, 000
Gestation/Pregnancy (Months/Days) 5 (150) 9 (280-290) 11 (320-330)
Marketable Age (Months) 6-7 9-12 10-12
Period from Gestation to Marketable Age (Months) 12 21 23
Kidding /Calving Rate (2 Years) 2 1 1
Number of kids/kidding or calf/calving 2-3 1 1
Price/head of breeder offspring produced 4, 000 16, 000 20, 000
Total income per head of female breeder 8,000-12, 000 16, 000 20, 000
Total income at equal amount of money invested* 40, 000-60,000 16, 000 20, 000
Goat raising generates higher income…Goat raising generates higher income…Goat raising generates higher income…Goat raising generates higher income… * Using P20,000, the price of carabao, as initial investment
Investment Investment How much initial How much initial is needed?
5555----doe doe doe doe
LevelLevelLevelLevel
15151515----doe doe doe doe
LevelLevelLevelLevel
Capital expendituresCapital expendituresCapital expendituresCapital expenditures
Working capitalWorking capitalWorking capitalWorking capital
Herd development expendituresHerd development expendituresHerd development expendituresHerd development expenditures
TOTAL INVESTMENT COST, TOTAL INVESTMENT COST, TOTAL INVESTMENT COST, TOTAL INVESTMENT COST, PPPP
43,200
8,040
36,184
87,42487,42487,42487,424
88,800
15,969
76,407
181,176181,176181,176181,176
25252525----doe doe doe doe
LevelLevelLevelLevel
134,600
13,898
115,370
263,868263,868263,868263,868
Ave. annual net cash flow Ave. annual net cash flow Ave. annual net cash flow Ave. annual net cash flow
(5-yr cash flow projection), PPPP 25,61725,61725,61725,617 79,43079,43079,43079,430 134,956134,956134,956134,956
Net present value Net present value Net present value Net present value
(15% cost of capital), PPPP 8,6618,6618,6618,661 96,98296,98296,98296,982 197,707197,707197,707197,707
Internal rate of returnInternal rate of returnInternal rate of returnInternal rate of return 18.93%18.93%18.93%18.93% 33.10%33.10%33.10%33.10% 38.52%38.52%38.52%38.52%
Payback periodPayback periodPayback periodPayback period 4 yrs4 yrs4 yrs4 yrs 3.23yrs3.23yrs3.23yrs3.23yrs 3yrs3yrs3yrs3yrs
Source: PCAARRD. Profitability Analysis: 25-doe-level goat production. Los Baños, Laguna: PCAARRD, 2012.
“Pang-pulutan” “Goat Negosyo”
1. Change his perspective from 1. Change his perspective from
How can we help JUAN maximize profit from goat raising?How can we help JUAN maximize profit from goat raising?How can we help JUAN maximize profit from goat raising?How can we help JUAN maximize profit from goat raising?
2. Teach him the appropriate & practical
2. Teach him the appropriate & practical TECHNOLOGICAL
OPTIONS such as…
TECHNOLOGICAL
OPTIONS such as…
How can we help JUAN maximize profit from goat raising?How can we help JUAN maximize profit from goat raising?How can we help JUAN maximize profit from goat raising?How can we help JUAN maximize profit from goat raising?
Purebred buck Native doe
F1
(50% Purebred:50% Native)
X
1
Purebred buck F1
F2
(75% Purebred:25% Native)
X
2
Purebred buck F2
F3
(87% Purebred:12.5% Native)
X
3
using purebred bucks using purebred bucks Goat upgrading Goat upgrading
Upgraded buck (40 kg) (75% AN:25% N)
Native doe (20 kg) (100% N)
F1 (30 kg)
(37.5% AN:62.5% N)
X
1
Purebred buck (50 kg) (100% AN)
F1 (30 kg) (37.5% AN:62.5% N)
F2 (40 kg)
(68.75% AN:31.25% N)
X
2
Purebred buck (50 kg) (100% AN)
F2 (40 kg) (68.75% AN:31.25% N)
F3 (50 kg)
(84.37% AN:15.63% N)
X
3
Goat upgrading Goat upgrading using an upgraded buck using an upgraded buck
Purebred
Buck 1 (AN)
(50% AN: 50% Native)
X 1st Breeding
Native
doe
Purebred
Buck 2 (AN)
(75% AN: 25% Native)
X 2nd Breeding
(50% AN: 50%
Native)
Purebred
Buck (BO)
(50% BO: 37.5% AN: 12.5% Native)
X 3rd Breeding
(75% AN: 25%
Native)
through Three-Way
Crossbreeding
through Three-Way
Crossbreeding Goat upgrading Goat upgrading
Growth performance of Native, Upgrades, Anglo-Nubian and Boer
1.49
5.81
20.03
2.39
10.75
32.85
3.23
13.01
49.51
3.27
17.05
60.31
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Birth Weight Weaning Weight Mature Weight
Bodyw
eig
ht
(kg)
Native
Upgrades
Anglo-Nubian
Boer
Production Benefit Mature weight of the animals (kg)
Production Stage I II III
Doe 20 (Native) 30 (F1) 40 (F2)
Buck 40 (Upgraded) 50 (Purebred) 50 (Purebred)
Offspring 30 (F1) 40 (F2) 50 (F3)
Weight Difference 10 20 30
Economic Benefit
Weight Difference 10 20 30
Price/kg P100.00 P150.00 P200.00
Price Difference P1,000.00 P3,000.00 P6,000.00
Added benefit from Added benefit from Goat upgrading … Goat upgrading …
25 does x 1.5 kids born /kidding 38 kids
Mortality (20%) 8 animals
Marketable animals 30 animals
Profit I II III
Marketable
animals
P1,000.00 P1,500.00 P2,000.00
30 animals P30,000.00 P45,000.00 P60,000.00
In a projected scale… In a projected scale…
disease and parasite control/ disease and parasite control/ Effective Effective eradication programs eradication programs
Adoption of Adoption of feeding technologies feeding technologies
Supplementation of UTRS Supplementation of UMMB
Supplementation of MPTS
Stall Feeding
Proper housing and Proper housing and complete confinement complete confinement of animals of animals
Sustainable organic production of Sustainable organic production of improved forage improved forage grasses and legumes grasses and legumes
Legume Production in Strata
Grass-Legume combination
Food-feed system
Application of Application of reproductive biotechnolgy reproductive biotechnolgy
Artificial Insemination
Multiple Ovulation and Embryo transfer
Enterprise Enterprise 3. Focus on the right 3. Focus on the right
Production of Production of Production of Production of
BREEDERSBREEDERSBREEDERSBREEDERS
meat goatsmeat goatsmeat goatsmeat goats
dairy goatsdairy goatsdairy goatsdairy goats
Production of Production of Production of Production of
SLAUGHTERSLAUGHTERSLAUGHTERSLAUGHTER
GoatsGoatsGoatsGoats LiveLiveLiveLive
SlaughteredSlaughteredSlaughteredSlaughtered
BUCK
for hire
Marketing of Marketing of Marketing of Marketing of
FORAGE; FORAGE; FORAGE; FORAGE;
UMMBUMMBUMMBUMMB;;;;
ManureManureManureManure
Production of Production of Production of Production of
chevonchevonchevonchevon----basedbasedbasedbased
productsproductsproductsproducts
fresh meatfresh meatfresh meatfresh meat
processedprocessedprocessedprocessed
Production of Production of Production of Production of
dairydairydairydairy----basedbasedbasedbased
productsproductsproductsproducts
milk, yogurtmilk, yogurtmilk, yogurtmilk, yogurt
soap, lotionssoap, lotionssoap, lotionssoap, lotions
Source: PCAARRD. Invest in goat farming. Los Baños, Laguna: PCAARRD, 2012.
start start How can we help JUAN How can we help JUAN his goat business?
1. Seek technical
assistance
Join the Farmer Livestock School
on Goat Enterprise Management
Enroll in the online courses on goat @
www.e-extension.gov.ph/elearning
� Course 1 – Establishing feed
resources for your goats
� Course 2 – Starting a slaughter goat
enterprise
� Course 3 – Alternatives to
traditional feeding
management
1. Seek technical
assistance Undergo training in any goat center
such as:
Small Ruminant Center
Central Luzon State University
Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija
Cagayan Valley Small Ruminant
Research and Training Center
Isabela State University
Echague, Isabela
start start How can we help JUAN How can we help JUAN his goat business?
1. Seek technical
assistance
2. Prepare
production
inputs
Secure initial capital
Establish the pasture and feed
resources
Construct a goat house
Purchase the stocks
start start How can we help JUAN How can we help JUAN his goat business?
ANNA MARIE P. ALO Goat ISP Manager and
Supervising Science Research Specialist
PCAARRD-DOST
Thank You!
Slaughter goat production enterprise
Cost and return analysis, 5 does initial stock, 2 year period
Items Value (Pesos)
Income
Sale of Stocks, 23 hd at P3750/hd 86,250
Manure Does (5 does at 1kg/doe/d *730days*P1/kg) Kids (23 kids at 0.5kg/kid*150days*P1/kg)
5,375
Total Income 91,625
Expenses
Depreciation Does * Housing
7,000 3,000
Feed Concentrates 5,751
Buck Service 2,250
Vet Drugs and Supplies 1,118
Labor 36,500
Total Expenses 55,619
Net Income 36,006
* Does were treated as fixed investment with 5 year lifespan
Buck-for-hire enterprise
Cost and return analysis, 7 bucks, 8-month period*
Items Value (Pesos)
Income from buck service, 448 services*P150/service
Total Income 67,200
Expenses
Depreciation Bucks Housing
7,000 1,400
Feeds 9,072
Labor 6,000
Biologics 700
Transportation 13,540
Total Expenses 37,512
Net Income 29,688
* Period of analysis is 8mos to coincide with 1st production cycle of the main enterprise on goat raising
UMMB production enterprise
Cost and return analysis, first 8 months of operation*
Items Value (Pesos)
Income
Sales from UMMB, 1200kg*P30/kg 36,000
Sales from seedlings, 3000 seedlings/mo*8mo*P2.50/seedling
60,000
Total Income 96,000
Expenses
UMMB ingredients 15,268
Labor*P200/md 200
Nursery supplies 4,800
Water 500
Labor@ 1min/cup*12000cups 5,000
Total Expenses 25,768
Net Income 70,232
* Period is set at 8 months to coincide with first production cycle of the main enterprise (goat raising)
Manure commercialization
Cost and return analysis, 8 months of operation*
Items Value (Pesos)
Income
Sales from manure, 50,000kg*P6/kg 300,000
Total Income
Expenses
Procurement cost of manure 83,000
Sack, P6/pc*1250pcs 7,500
Labor, 26days*P200/d 5,200
Transportation (10% of procurement cost) 8,300
Total Expenses 104,000
Net Income 196,000
* Period is set at 8 months to coincide with first production cycle of the main enterprise (goat raising)
Breeding Kidding
Pre-Weaning Growing to
Slaughtering Marketing
� High kid
mortality
� Low birth to
weaning
weights
� No feed
supple-
ments
specifically
for goats
� Need for flush feeds
for breeders
� Limited access of
smallhold to good
breeds
� Long kidding interval
� Need for halal-
acceptable heat
induction techniques
� Profile of causes
of mortalities
lacking
� Initiated MCM
dewormer; needs
further study
� Need to address
hypobiosis
� Protocol for
producing halal
goats needs
piloting
� Lack of
standards for
slaughtering
& cutting
� Need for
product
diversifica-
tion to
maximize
slaughtering
wastes
Gap
s
Pro
du
cti
on
Sta
ge
Technology Chain Technology Chain
Stage Status S&T Intervention Results of Intervention
� Imported breeds available
at gov’t & private farms but
inaccessible to smallhold
farms
� Semen extender developed
� AI delivery system tested in
Reg2
� Rollout of AI at smallhold
level
� Piloting of AI-DS in other
regions
� Improvement of
cryopreservation
techniques for goat
semen
� Access of
smallholders to
quality breeds
� Increased goat
inventory by 31% by
2015
� Low conception rate (75%)
� Long kidding interval (270
days)
� PBR for lactating
developed, not yet market
available
� Recording system
developed; limited
promotion
� Devt of diff. variants of
flush feeds for does
(2015)
� Rollout and promo of
PBR and FRS (ongoing)
� Roll out FLS-GEM
(ongoing)
� Devt of non-invasive heat
induction techniques to
promote off season
breeding (2015)
� Improved
conception rates
from 75-79% by
2015; 90% by
2020
� Shortened
kidding interval
from 9mos-8mos
Breeding
Kidding
S&T Programs S&T Programs
Stage Status S&T Intervention Results of Intervention
� High preweaning mortality
(25%)
� Low birth weight (1.6kg)
� No milk substitutes &
transition feeds
� No health program for PW
� Dev’t of new feed
products for newborn &
preweaners
� Dev’t of PWM control
strategies
� Decreased
mortality rates from
25% to 21% by
2015; 10% by
2020
� Low slaughter weight
(12.6kg)
� Higher slaughter than
production
� MCM dewormer initiated
� Goat-based enterprises
introduced in 4 regions
thru RED and FLS
� Halal production and
haram detection protocol
dev’t initiated
� Infusion & promotion of
better genetics
� Roll out of TMR for
growers
� Dev’t of final MCM
manufacturing protocol
� Promotion of goat-based
enterprises
� Pilot test & roll-out halal
goat production,
processing and haram
detection protocols
(2014)
� Higher slaughter
weights
� Grounding of more
goat-based
enterprises
� Availability of
authentic halal
goats
Pre-weaning
Growing/ Finishing
S&T Programs S&T Programs
Stage Status S&T Intervention Results of Intervention
� Limited market share of
chevon products in the
market
� No premium price for
prime chevon cuts
� Standardization of
slaughtering & cutting
methods initiated
� Protocols for canning
chevon-based recipes
developed
� Estab. of standard
slaughtering procedures
� Dev’t of a uniform
classification of chevon
cuts
� New enterprises from
prime cuts and products
from slaughtering waste
� Improved
marketing of
chevon & chevon-
based products � New food and non-
food products from
goat
� Limited and fragmented
R&D
� Lack of standards on the
production of non-food
goat milk-based products
� Marketing of goat’s milk
and milk products in
limited outlets
� Supply chain assessment
& R&D
� Establishment of
standards for the
manufacture of milk-
based hygiene products
� Goat milk-based product
diversification and
enterprise building
� Assurance of
product quality that
will translate to
better price and
acceptance of
products
Marketing
Milking