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TEMPORAL BONE,EXTERNAL EAR,
and
MIDDLE EAR
of theGross Anatomy
M1 Gross and Developmental Anatomy9:00 AM, December 11, 2008
Dr. Milton M. SholleyProfessor of Anatomy and Neurobiology
2
Assignment: Head to Toe 2006
• Concerning the material that I will present on the Temporal Bone and Ear, I would recommend that everyone work the following questions from Head to Toe 2006: #7, #10, #65, #88, #97, #100, #104, #118, #121, #157, and #164. By working the questions, I mean that you should read and understand the hints and explanations, even if you get a question correct on your first attempt.
3
Lateral Viewof
Temporal Bonein situ Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.
Fig. 7.3A, page 6124
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)Mandibular fossa-Part of squamoustemporal bone
Disk
Condyloid process (head)of mandible
Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.Fig. 7.40A, page 664
Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.Fig. 7.46A, page 675
5Plane (coronal) of the cut through the temporal bone as seen on the next slide
Mastoid process
6
Mastoid air cellswithin the mastoidprocess
Sigmoid sinusSuperiorInferior
Petrosal Sinuses
Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.Fig. 7.24B, page 642
7
Inferior Viewof
Skullshowing
Temporal Bone(in dark pink)
Petrous portionof temporal bone
Carotid canal
Jugular foramen
8
Foramen ovale
External auditorymeatus
Mandibular fossaCartilagenousauditory tube
Internal carotid arteryentering carotid canal
Jugular foramen
Stylomastoid foramen
Inferior View
Mastoid process
Petrotympanic fissure
Spine of sphenoid
Foramen spinosum
9
The Cartilagenous Auditory TubeOpens into the Nasopharynx
(air can exchange between nasopharynx and the middle ear cavity)
Nasopharynx(space abovethe soft palate)
Soft palate
Opening of auditorytube (Eustachian tube)
Torus tubarius
Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.Fig. 7.61, page 694
10
Cartilagenousauditory tube
Tensor velipalatini muscle
Hamulus
Levator veli palatini muscle
Salpingopharyngeus muscle
Palatopharyngeus muscleSuperior pharyngealconstrictor musclePterygomandibular
raphe
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Cartilagenousauditory tube
Tensor velipalatini muscle
Levator veli palatini muscle
Salpingopharyngeus muscle
Palatopharyngeus muscle
Hamulus
Palatoglossusmuscle
Superior pharyngealconstrictor muscle
12
Superior pharyngealconstrictor muscle
Pterygomandibular raphe
Buccinator muscle
13
Superior Viewof
Cranial Fossaeshows
Petrous Partof
Temporal Bone
Superior faceof petrouspyramid (alsocalled anteriorface)
Posterior faceof petrouspyramid
Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.Fig. 7.6A, page 618
14
Hiatus of facial canal
Arcuate eminence
Tegmen tympani
Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.Fig. 7.77A, page 714
15
Superior View of Petrous Pyramid(drilled out)
Greater petrosal nerveLesser petrosal nerve
Geniculate ganglion
Facial nerve(before genu)
Facial nerve(after genu)
Internal auditory meatus
Malleus
Incus
Middle ear cavity
Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.Fig. 7.74, page 709
16
Hiatus of facial canal
Arcuate eminence
Tegmen tympani
Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.Fig. 7.77A, page 714
17
Anterior (superior)semicircular canalraises arcuate eminence
18
Hiatus of facial canal
Arcuate eminence
Tegmen tympani
Grant’s Atlas, 11th Ed.Fig. 7.77A, page 714
19
Posterior faceof petrouspyramid
Posterior Viewof
Petrous Partsof
Temporal Bones
Internal auditorymeatus
Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.Fig. 7.4C, page 615
20Opening ofvestibular aqueduct
Opening ofcochlear canaliculus
Internal auditorymeatus
Groove forinferior petrosal sinus
Groove for superiorpetrosal sinus
Groove forsigmoid sinus
Structures seen on Posterior Face of Petrous Pyramid
Grant’s Atlas, 11th Ed.Fig. 7.85B, page 706
21 22
23
AuricleLateral view
Ear lobe
AntitragusTragus
Helix
Tubercle
ConchaAntihelix
Crus of helix
Crura of antihelixTriangular fossa
Scaphoid fossa
Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.Fig. 7.68A, page 703
24
Cutaneous Innervation of Auricle
Concha (green area)-Auricular branch of vagus(Arnold’s nerve)
Lateral surface of red area-Auriculotemporal nerve
Free medial surface of red area-Lesser occipital nerve
Lateral surface of blue area-Great auricular nerve
Medial surface of blue area-Great auricular nerve
Syllabus, page 466, topic e
25 26
Middle Ear CavityHorizontal section
Similar to: Grant’s Atlas, 12th ed.Figure 7.72A, p. 707
Middle ear cavity(Tympanic cavity)
Stapes
Auditory tubeTympanic membrane
(Eardrum)
Externalauditory meatus
Malleus
Incus
Lateral
Ante
rior
Facial nerve(in facial canal)
Chorda tympani
27
External view of Tympanic Membrane (Eardrum)
Posterior Anterior
Inferior
Pars flaccida
Pars tensa
Handle of malleus
Lateral process ofmalleus
Anterior mallear foldPosterior mallear fold
Cone of light
Umbo
Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.Figure 7.71A, page 706
28
Middle Ear CavityHorizontal section
Middle ear cavity(Tympanic cavity)
Tympanic membrane(Eardrum)
Malleus
Incus
Lateral
Ante
rior
Chorda tympani
Facial nerve(in facial canal)
Similar to: Grant’s Atlas, 12th ed.Figure 7.72A, p. 707
29
Diagram of Middle Ear CavityAnterior wall removed
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
Tympanic plexus
MED
IAL W
ALL
LATER
AL W
ALL
FLOORTympanic nerve
Lesser petrosal nerve
Facial nerve beyondstylomastoid foramen
Facial nerve infacial canal
Tympanicmembrane
Chorda tympani
Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.Figure 7.73A, page 708
ROOF
30
Simplified Diagram of Lateral Wallof Middle Ear Cavity
(Inside the cavity looking out)
31
Detailed Diagram of Lateral Wallof Middle Ear Cavity
(Inside the cavity looking out)
Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.Figure 7.75D, page 711
Internal jugular veinInternal carotid artery
Bony auditorytube
Facial nerve
Aditus ad antrum
Tympanic canaliculus
Tensor tympani
Chorda tympani
Mastoid air cells
Tegmen tympaniAttic
32
Tensor tympanimuscle
Chorda tympaninerve
Facial nerve
Lateral Wall of Middle Ear Cavity(Inside the cavity looking out)
Bony auditorytube
Eardrum
Attic (or epitympanum)
33
Epitympanicrecess (attic) Malleus
Incus
Stapes
Vestibule
External auditory meatusand tympanic membrane Coronal section drawing 34
Medial Wall of Middle Ear Cavity(Inside the cavity looking in)
Tensor tympanimuscle
Bony auditorytube
Promontory ofcochlea
Round window Stapes inoval window
Tendon ofstapedius muscle
Greater petrosalnerve
35Round window
Oval window (stapes fits here)
Promontory of cochlea
AnteriorPosterior
Parts of the Bony Labyrinth (in inner ear)that form the Medial Wall of the Middle Ear
Horizontal or lateralsemicircular canal Facial canal
(for facial nerve)
Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.Figure 7.77C, page 714
36
Tympanic Plexus is on the Medial Wall of Middle Ear
Tympanic plexus lies onthe medial wall of themiddle ear (i.e. on thepromontory)
Jugular foramen
Carotid canal
Tympanic nerve(branch of CN IX)
Inferior tympanic canaliculus(tympanic nerve runs through it)
Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.Figure 7.75B, page 710
37
Diagrammatic Review of Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.Page 835
Glossopharyngealnerve
Tympanic nerve(branch of glossopharyngeal)
Lesser petrosal nerve
Otic ganglion
Auriculotemporal nerve
Parotid gland
38
Superior View of Petrous Pyramid(drilled out)
Greater petrosal nerveLesser petrosal nerve
Geniculate ganglion
Facial nerve(before genu)
Facial nerve(after genu)
Internal auditory meatus
Malleus
Incus
Middle ear cavity
Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.Fig. 7.74, page 709
39
Diagrammatic Review of Facial Nerve
Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.page 831
40
Review of Facial Nerve
Grant’s Atlas, 12th Ed.page 831
41
End of Part 1
42
Radiologic Anatomy Practice QuestionsHead and Neck
2008
Here are the practice questions.You can look up the answers in the Radiologic Anatomy Program.
For confirmation of the answers, come to Dr. Sholley’s Review.
43
B. The bonystructuresindicated by theyellow arrowsare the _______.
A. Identify theblack areaindicated bythe arrow.
44
B. Identifythe bony structureindicated by thered arrow.
A. Identify theblack areaindicated bythe red arrow.
45
A. The yellowarrows indicatethe _________.
B. Identifythe black areaindicated by thered arrow.
46
A. The yellowarrows indicatethe _________.
B. Identifythe structureindicated by thered arrow.
47
B. The yellowarrow indicatesthe _________.
A. Identifythe soft tissuestructureindicated by thered arrow.
![Inner Ear Anatomy[1]](https://img.dokumen.tips/doc/110x75/5528566b4979591c048b47a6/inner-ear-anatomy1.jpg)
