Lecturer: Zoltán Kántor Pázmány Péter Catholic UniversityDep. of Political Sciences

National Minority Questions: Nationalism and Politics

The course’s aim is to introduce students in the field of nationalism, ethnicity and national minorities and to explain the theoretical framework of the topic. The course concentrates on the major theories and approaches to nationalism.Each class will start with a short lecture (30 minutes), where I will present the general framework of the topic. Students will have to present in 10-15 minutes one of the compulsory readings. This will be followed by discussions.

RequirementsStudents will have to read one or two articles or chapters for each course (20-30 pages). Students are encouraged to approach systematically the topics and take actively part in the discussions. There will be a strong emphasis on the understanding of the theories, and less on their applicability for particular cases. At the end of the semester students are required to submit a paper.

General Suggested Readings Alter, Peter: Nationalism. London: Arnold, 1989. Balakrishnan, Gopal (ed.): Mapping the Nation. London & New York: Verso, 1996. Calhoun, Craig: Nationalism. Buckingham: Open University Press, 1997. Hutchinson, John and Smith, Anthony D. (eds.): Ethnicity. Oxford University Press, 1996. Hutchinson, John and Smith, Anthony D. (eds.): Nationalism. Oxford University Press,

1994. McCrone, David: The Sociology of Nationalism: Tomorrow’s Ancestors. London and New

York: Routledge, 1998. Nairn, Tom: Faces of Nationalism: Janus Revisited. London: Verso, 1997. Smith, Anthony D.: Nationalism and Modernism: a critical survey of recent theories of

nations and nationalism. London and New York: Routledge, 1998. Smith, Anthony D.: The Nation is History: Historiographical Debates about Ethnicity and

Nationalism. University Press of New England, 2000. Leoussi, Athena S.: Encyclopedia of Nationalism. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction

Publishers, 2001. Motyl, Alexander J. (ed.): Encyclopaedia of Nationalism. San Diego, CA: Academic

Press, (2 volumes), 2000. Snyder, Louis L.: Encyclopedia of Nationalism. Chicago & London: St. James Press,

1990. Hutchinson, John and Smith, Anthony D. (eds.): Nationalism: critical concepts in

political science. London & New York: Routledge, (5 volumes), 2000. Sukumar Perival (ed.): Notions of Nationalism. Budapest: Central European University

Press, 1995. O. Dahbour and M. R. Ishay (eds.): The Nationalism Reader. New Jersey: Humanities

Press, 1995.

Guibernau, Montserrat & Hutchinson, John (eds): Understanding Nationalism. Polity Press, 2001.

Schöpflin, George: Nations, Identity, Power: The New Politics of Europe. London: Hurst & Co., 2000.

1-2. Introduction. What about is nationalism? Misconceptions on nationalism. What is a Theory of Nationalism? General background. Differences and similarities between sociological, political scientist, historical, psychological, economic and anthropological approaches. Concepts in the scholarship of nationalism. Classifications. Typologies.

Brubaker, Rogers: Myths and Misconceptions in the Study of Nationalism. In John A. Hall (ed.): The State of the Nation: Ernest Gellner and the Theory of Nationalism. Cambridge University Press, 1998, 272-305.

Hechter, Michael: Containing Nationalism. Oxford University Press, 2000. Chapters 1 and 2.

Brubaker, Rogers: Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe. Cambridge University Press, 1996, Chapter 1. “Rethinking nationhood: nation as institutionalized form, practical category, contingent event”.

Connor, Walker: Ethnonationalism: the quest for understanding. Princeton University Press, 1994, Chapter 4. "Terminological Chaos ("A Nation Is a Nation, Is a State, Is an Ethnic Group, Is a …")", 90-117.

Verdery, Katherine: Wither 'Nation' and 'Nationalism'? In Gopal Balakrishnan (ed.): Mapping the Nation. London & New York: Verso, 1996, 226-234.

Hall, John A.: Nationalism, Classified and Explained. In Sukumar Perival (ed.): Notions of Nationalism. Central European University Press, 1995, 8-33.

Seton-Watson, Hugh: Nations and States an enquiry into the origins of nations and the politics of nationalism. London: Methuen, 1977, "Intorduction", 1-13.

Smith, Anthony D.: "Definitions" in Theories of Nationalism. London: Duckworth, 1971, 154-191.

Connor, Walker: Ethnonationalism: the quest for understanding. Princeton University Press, 1994, Chapter 9 "When is a nation? ('From Tribe to Nation?')", 211-226.

Nairn, Tom: Faces of Nationalism: Janus revisited. London & New York: Verso, 1997, Chapter 1. “On Studying Nationalism”, 1-17.

3-4. a. Early understandings and approaches of nationalism. The roots. J. S. Mill, Lord Acton, Giuseppe Mazzini, Ernest Renan, Herder, Karl Marx, the Austro-Marxists (Otto Bauer, Karl Renner), Lenin, Stalin, Max Weberb. The first “theories”. Carlton Hayes, E.H. Carr, Hans Kohn, Karl Deutsch, John Plamenatz. Renan, Ernest: What is a Nation? In O. Dahbour and M. R. Ishay (eds.): The Nationalism

Reader. New Jersey: Humanities Press, 1995, 143-155. Weber, Max: Economy and Society: An outline of interpretative sociology. Vol.1, Part II.,

Chapter 5. "Ethnic Groups" and chapter “The Nation” Plamenatz, John: Two Types of Nationalism. In Eugene Kamenka (ed.): Nationalism: The

Nature and Evolution of an Idea. Edward Arnold, 1973, 23-54. Kohn, Hans: Western and Eastern Nationalisms. In John Hutchinson & Anthony D. Smith

(eds.): Nationalism. Oxford University Press, 1994, 162-165.

5-6-7. Modernist approaches. Ernest Gellner, Benedict Anderson, Michael Mann, Liah Greenfeld, E.J. Hobsbawm, Miroslav Hroch, John Breuilly, Michael Hechter, George Schöpflin Gellner, Ernest: The Coming of Nationalism and its Interpretation: the myths of nation

and Class. In Gopal Balakrishnan (ed.): Mapping the Nation. London & New York: Verso, 1996, 98-145.

Anderson, Benedict: Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso, 1983, Chapter 1. "Introduction", 1-7, Ch. 2 "Cultural Roots", 9-36, Ch. 3 "Origins of National Consciousness", 37-46.

Mann, Michael, The emergence of modern European Nationalism, In Hall, J. A. and I.C. Jarvie (eds.), The Social Philosophy of Ernest Gellner, Amsterdam, 1996.

Greenfeld, Liah: Nationalism and Modernity, Social Research, Spring 1996. Hroch, Miroslav: From National Movement to the Fully-formed Nation: the nation-

building process in Europe. New Left Review, No. 198 (March-April), 1993, 3-20. George Schöpflin: Nationhood, Modernity, Democracy. Paper presented at the

Conference "Manifestations of National Identity in Modern Europe". University of Minnesota, May 2001.

Gellner, Ernest: Nations and Nationalism, Oxford UK & Cambridge USA: Blackwell, 1983

Gellner, Ernest: Nationalism. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1997. Hall, John A. (ed.): The State of the Nation: Ernest Gellner and the Theory of

Nationalism. Cambridge University Press, 1998. Hall, J. A. & Jarvie, I.C. (eds.): The Social Philosophy of Ernest Gellner. Amsterdam,

1996. Hobsbawm, Eric - Ranger, Terence (eds.): The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge

University Press, 1983. McCrone, David: The Sociology of Nationalism: Tomorrow’s Ancestors. London and New

York: Routledge, 1998, chapter “ ‘Devils at his back’: Nationalism and Ernest Gellner” Breuilly, John: The State and Nationalism. In M. Guibernau and J. Hutchinson (eds.):

Understanding Nationalism, Polity Press, 2001. Hobsbawm, E. J.: Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality.

Cambridge University Press, 1990, " Introduction", Ch. 1. "The Nation as Novelty: from revolution to liberalism" and Ch. 2 "Popular proto-nationalism", 1-79.

Gellner, Ernest: An Alternative Vision. In Encounters with Nationalism. Oxford: Blackwell, 1994, 182-200.

Hroch, Miroslav: Real and Constructed: the nature of the nation. In John A. Hall (ed.): The State of the Nation: Ernest Gellner and the Theory of Nationalism. Cambridge University Press, 1998, 91-106.

Nairn, Tom: The Break-Up of Britain: Crisis and Neo-Nationalism. London: Verso, 1977. Giddens, Anthony: The Nation-State and Violence: Volume two of a Contemporary

Critique of Historical Materialism. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1985. Greenfeld, Liah: Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity. Cambridge MA, Harvard

University Press, 1992, "Introduction", 3-26. Hroch, Miroslav: Social Preconditions of National Revival in Europe. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press, 1985. Hechter, Michael (1975): Internal Colonialism: The Celtic Fringe in British National

Development 1536-1966. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul

8-9. Pre-modernist approaches Anthony D. Smith: The Origins of Nations, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 12,3 (July 1989)

Walker Connor: Nationalism and political illegitimacy. In Daniele Conversi (ed.): Ethnonationalism in the Contemporary World: Walker Connor and the Study of Nationalism. London/New York: 2002.

Van den Berghe, Pierre L.: Does Race Matter? Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 1, Part 3, November 1995, 359-368.

Van den Berghe, Pierre L.: Race and Ethnicity: a sociobiological perspective. Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 1, Nr. 4 October 1978, 403-411.

Armstrong, John A.: Nations before Nationalism. The University of North Carolina Press, 1982.

Smith, Anthony D.: Nationalism and Modernism: a critical survey of recent theories of nations and nationalism. London and New York: Routledge, 1998; chapter 7. “Primordialism and perenialism”, 145-169.

Van den Berghe, Pierre: The Ethnic Phenomenon. New York: Elsevier, 1979. Smith, Anthony D.: The Ethnic Origins of Nations. Oxford: Blackwell, 1986. The debate between A. D. Smith and E. Gellner: The Warwick Debate: In Nations and

Nationalism, 2(3), 1996, pp. 357-388

10. Ethnicity I. Anthropological perspectives. Culture. Barth, Frederik: Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: the social organization of culture

difference. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1969, "Intoduction", 9-38. Jenkins, Richard: Rethinking ethnicity: identity, categorization and power. Ethnic and

Racial Studies, Vol. 17, Nr. 2 April 1994, 197-219. Löfgren, Orvar: The Nationalization of Culture. Ethnologia Europaea. 1989. No. XIX, 5-

23. Symposium on Ethnicity. Ethnicities, 2001. Vol 1 (1), 9-23.

11. Ethnicity II. National identity Smith, Anthony D.: The problem of national identity: ancient, medieval and modern?

Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 17, Nr. 3 July 1994, pp. 375-399 Brubaker, Rogers: Ethnicity without groups. Archieves européennes de sociologie. 2002 Brubaker, Rogers – Cooper, Frederick: Beyond Identity. Theory and Society, 2000. No.

29, 1-47. Smith, Anthony D.: National Identity. London: Penguin, 1991. Barth, Frederik: Enduring and emerging issues in the analysis of ethnicity. In Vermeulen,

Hans – Govers, Cora (eds.): The Anthropology of Ethnicity: beyond 'Ethnic Groups and Boundaries'. Amsterdam: Het Spinhuis, 1994, 11-32.

Conversi, Daniele: Reassessing theories of nationalism. Nationalism as boundary maintenance and creation. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics. vol. 1, no 1, Spring 1995, 73-85.

Eriksen, Thomas Hylland: Ethnicity and Nationalism. London and Bouldner CO: Pluto Press, 1993

Jenkins, Richard: Rethinking Ethnicity: Arguments and Explorations. London: Sage Publications, 1997

Hutchinson, John and Smith, Anthony D. (eds.): Ethnicity. Oxford University Press, 1996. Glazer, Nathan & Moynihan, Daniel P. (eds.): Ethnicity: Theory and Experience. Harvard

University Press, 1975. Finlayson, Alan: Psychology, psychonalysis and theories of nationalism. Nations and

Nationalism, Vol. 4 part 2 (April 1998), 145-162.

12. Conclusions – Nationalism and Ethnicity

Hutchinson, John: Ethnicity and modern nations. Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 23, No. 4, July 2000, 651-669.

Calhoun, Craig: Nationalism and Ethnicity. Annual Review of Sociology, 1993, Vol 19, 211-39.

Hutchinson, John: Modern Nationalism. London: Fontana Press, 1994, Chapter 1. "How Modern is the Nation?", 1-38.

Donald L. Horowitz: The Primordialists. In Daniele Conversi (ed.): Ethnonationalism in the Contemporary World: Walker Connor and the Study of Nationalism. London/New York: 2002.

Joshua A. Fishman: The Primordialist/Constructivist debate today. In Daniele Conversi (ed.): Ethnonationalism in the Contemporary World: Walker Connor and the Study of Nationalism. London/New York: 2002.

Llobera, Josep R.: Recent theories of nationalism. Working Paper. 164, 1999.

13. Philosophical approaches Tamir, Yael: Theoretical Dilemmas in the study of nationalism. In Beiner, Ronald (ed.):

Theorizing Nationalism, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999, 67-90. Kymlicka, Will: States, Nations and Cultures. Van Gorcum, 1997, "Liberal Nationalism",

13-44. Norman, Wayne: Theorizing Nationalism (Normatively): the first steps. In Beiner, Ronald

(ed.): Theorizing Nationalism. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1998. Miller, David: On Nationality. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995, Ch. 5. "Nationality and

Cultural Pluralism", 119-154. Kymlicka, Will: Liberalism, Community and Culture. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992. Kymlicka, Will (ed.): The Rights of Minority Cultures. Oxford University Press, 1995. Kymlicka, Will: Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Right. Clanderon

Press, Oxford, 1995. Taylor, Charles: Multiculturalism and "The Politics of Recognition". Princeton: Princeton

University Press, 1992 Kis, János: Beyond the Nation State. Social Research, Vol. 63, No. 1, Spring 1995. Tamir, Yael: Liberal Nationalism. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993. McKim, Robert & McMahan, Jeff (eds.): The Morality of Nationalism. New York &

Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997

National Minorities

14-15. Introduction. Methodology of research on national minorities. The question of definition. Typologies of national minorities. Brunner, Georges: Nation-States and Minorities in the Eastern Part of Europe. Regio,

1994. Amersfoort, Hans von: 'Minority' as a sociological concept. Ethnic and Racial Studies,

Vol. 1., No. 2., April 1978. Preece, Jennifer J.: National Minorities and the European Nation-States System. Oxford:

Clarendon Press, 1998; chapter: “What is a national minority?” Lijphart, Arend, "Consociational Democracy", World Politics, January, 1969 Sugar, Peter F. and Ivo Lederer (eds.): Nationalism in Eastern Europe. University of

Washington Press, Seattle&London, 1969. Kupchan, Charles A. (ed.): Nationalism and Nationalities in the New Europe. Ithaca and

London: Cornell Univertsity Press, 1995.

Seewann, Gerhard, Towards a Typology of Minorities - the Germans in Hungary, Regio, 1994

Szarka, László, Typological Arrangement of the Central European Minorities, in Cholnoky, Győző (ed.), Minorities Research: a collection of studies by Hungarian authors, Budapest: Lucidus, 2000

Girasoli, Nicola, National Minorities: Who are they?, Akadémiai, Budapest, 1995

16. National minorities and the state McGarry, John, ‘Demographic engineering’: the state-directed movement of ethnic groups

as a technique of conflict regulation, Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 21 Nr. 4, July 1988 Brubaker, Rogers, Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the

New Europe, Cambridge University Press, 1996; chapter “Nationalizing states in the old ‘New Europe’ – and the new”

Mann, Michael: The dark side of democracy: the modern tradition of ethnic and political cleansing. New Left Review, Nr. 235, May/June, 1999

Van den Berghe, Pierre: The modern state: nationbuilder or nation killer? International Journal of Group Tensions, vol. 2, no. 3

17. Ethnic/national movements. Ethnic mobilisation. Ethnic parties. Ethnic conflict and ethnic/national violence Hechter, Michael and Levi, Margarite, The comparative analysis of ethnoregional

movements, Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 2, Nr. 3, July 1979 Hroch, Miroslav, "From National Movement to the Fully-formed Nation: the nation-

building process in Europe", New Left Review, No. 198 (March-April), 1993, pp. 3-20 Winter, Lieven de, "Ethno-regionalist Parties in Western Europe: Towards a Comparative

Analysis", Paper presented at the Panel on "Parties at the sub-national level" during the Conference on Party Politics in the Year 2000. Manchester Conference Centre. 13-15 January 1995

Horowitz, Donald L., Ethnic Groups in Conflict, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1985

Drury, Beatrice, Ethnic mobilisation: some theoretical considerations, in Rex, John and Drury, Beatrice (eds.), Ethnic Mobilisation in a Multi-cultural Europe, Avebury, 1994

Banton, Michael, Ethnic Conflict, Sociology, Vol. 34., No. 3, 2000 Laitin, David D.: National revivals and violence. Archieve European of Sociology,

XXXVI, 1999/1 Smith, Anthony D.: Towards a theory of ethnic separatism, Ethnic and Racial Studies,

Vol. 2., No. 1, January 1979 McGarry, J. and O'Leary, B. (eds.), The Politics of Ethnic Conflict Regulation: Case

Studies in Protracted Ethnic Conflict, London: Routledge, 1993 Brown, Michael E. (ed.), Ethnic Conflict and International Security, Princeton University

Press, 1993, chapter: “Causes and implications of ethnic conflict”

18. Minorities in Western Europeo Cordell, Karl – Wolff, Stefan (eds.): The Ethnopolitical Encyclopaedia of Europe.

Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.o Wolff, Stefan; Weller, Marc (eds.): Autonomy, Self-governance and Conflict Resolution:

Innovative approaches to institutional design in divided societies. London and New York: Routledge, 2005.

o Pan, Christoph – Beate Sibylle Pfeil: National minorities in Europe. Wien: Braumüller, 2003.

19-20. Minority rights. Minority protection. Self-determination. Autonomy. Neuberger, Benjamin, "National self-determination: dilemmas of a concept", Nation and

Nationalism, nr.1 (3), 1995 Bogdanor, Vernon, „Forms of autonomy and the protection of minorities”, Daedalus, Vol.

126, no. 2, Spring 1997 Alfredson, Gudmundur, Different Forms of and Claims to the Right of Self-

Determination, in Self-Determination: International Perspectives, (eds.) Donald Clark and Robert Williamson, London: Macmillan Press LTD, 1996

Henders, Susan J., Cantonisation: historical paths to territorial autonomy for regional cultural communities, Nations and Nationalism, vol. 3, part 4, December 1997

Várady, Tibor, Collective Rights of Minorities and Majorities within the Context of International Law, in Dual Images: Multiculturalism on Two Sides of the Atlantic, Budapest: IPSHAS, 1996

Phillips, Alan-Rosas, Allan (eds.), Universal Minority Rights, Abo Akademi University for Human Rights, 1995

Claude, Inis, National Minorities: an international problem, New York: Greenwood Press Publishers, 1969

Kymlicka, Will (ed.), The Rights of Minority Cultures, Oxford University Press, 1995 Lapidoth, Ruth: Autonomy – flexible solution to ethnic conflicts. Washington DC: US

Institute of Peace Press, 1997. Preece, Jennifer J.: National Minorities and the European Nation-States System. Oxford:

Clarendon Press, 1998. Pentassuglia, Gaetano: Minorities in International Law: An introductory Study.

Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing, 2002. Malloy, Tove H.: National Minority Rights in Europe. Oxford University Press, 2005. Gál Kinga (ed.): Minority Governance in Europe. Budapest: European Centre for Minority

Issues. Local Government and Public Service Reform Initiative, 2002. Kemp, Walter (ed.): Quiet Diplomacy in Action. The Hague: Kluwer Law International,

2001. Bogdanor, Vernon: Forms of autonomy and the protection of minorities. Daedalus, Vol.

126, no. 2, Spring, 1997. Alfredson, Gudmundur: Different Forms of and Claims to the Right of Self-

Determination. In Donald Clark and Robert Williamson (eds.): Self-Determination: International Perspectives. London: Macmillan Press LTD, 1996.

Várady, Tibor: Collective Rights of Minorities and Majorities within the Context of International Law. In Dual Images: Multiculturalism on Two Sides of the Atlantic. Budapest: IPSHAS, 1996.

21. The issue of registration of national minoritieso Balázs Majtényi: The Autonomy of Minorities and Registration. Minorities Research, Nr.

5.o Gyula Fábián:The Right to Identity in Romania in the Light of Population Registration.

Minorities Research, Nr. 5.

22-23. Language and minoritieso Daftary, Farimah – Grin, Francios (eds.): Nation-Building, Ethnicity and Language

Politics in Transition Countries. Budapest: LGI, 2003.

o Csergő Zsuzsa: Ethnicity, Nationalism, and the Expansion of Democracy. In Wolchik, Sharol L. – Curry, Jane L. (szerk.): Central and East European Politics: from communism to democracy. Lanham: Rowman & Little field Publishers, Inc., 2008.

24-25. Migrationo Brubaker, Rogers: Migrations of Ethnic Unmixing in the "New Europe". International

Migration Review, 1998o Pál Péter Tóth: One Decade. International Migration Affecting Hungary Between 1990

and 2000. Minorities Research, 2005. Nr. 7. 29-56.o Pál Péter Tóth: Why Just Hungary? In Szarka, László (ed.): Hungary and the Hungarian

Minorities: Trends in the Past and in Our Time. Atlantic Studies on Society in Change 122. East-European Monographs, DCLVII. Boulder, Colorado – Atlantic Research and Publications, Inc. Highland Lakes, New Jersey. 2004.

o Fox, Jon E.: From national inclusion to economic exclusion: ethnic Hungarian labour migration to Hungary. Nations & Nationalism, Jan 2007, Vol. 13 Issue 1, 77-96.

o Fox, Jon E.: National identities on the move: Transylvanian Hungarian labour migrants in Hungary. Journal of Ethnic & Migration Studies, May2003, Vol. 29 Issue 3, p449-466,

26. National minorities in Hungaryo Eiler Ferenc: The minority self-governance and its experiences: results with

questionmarks. In Tóth Ágnes (ed.): National and ethnic minorities in Hungary, 1920-2001. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005. 226-252.

o László Szarka: Artificial Communities and an Unprotected Protective Power: The Trianon Peace Treaty and the Minorities. In Szarka, László (ed.): Hungary and the Hungarian Minorities: Trends in the Past and in Our Time. Atlantic Studies on Society in Change 122. East-European Monographs, DCLVII. Boulder, Colorado – Atlantic Research and Publications, Inc. Highland Lakes, New Jersey. 2004.

o Tóth Judit : Principles and practice of nationality law in Hungary. Regio, 2005.

25.The Roma in Hungaryo Kállai Ernő (ed.): The Gypsies/The Roma in Hungarian Society. Budapest: Teleki László

Alapítvány, 2001.o Majtényi Balázs: Where Are They Heading? The Situation of the Roma Minority in

Hungarian and International Law. Regio, 2004.o Csepeli, György – Simon, Dávid: Construction of Roma Identity in Eastern and Central

Europe: Perception and Self-identification. Journal of Ethnic & Migration Studies, Jan2004, Vol. 30 Issue 1, p129-150

o Mootz, Lisa: A Separate Diagnosis? Improving Civic Health for Hungarian Roma. Regio, 2005.

26-27-28-29. Hungarian national minorities in the neighboring states Károly Kocsis: Changing Ethnic Patterns in the Carpatho-Pannonian Region (1989-2002).

In Szarka, László (ed.): Hungary and the Hungarian Minorities: Trends in the Past and in Our Time. Atlantic Studies on Society in Change 122. East-European Monographs, DCLVII. Boulder, Colorado – Atlantic Research and Publications, Inc. Highland Lakes, New Jersey. 2004.

Varga E. Árpád: Hungarians in Transylvania between 1870 and 1995. Occasional Papers 12. Teleki László Foundation, 1999.

Csepeli György – Örkény Antal – Székely Mária: Grappling national identity. How nations see each other in Central Europe. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2000.

Gyurgyík, László: On Assimilation and Change of Nationality Based on Surveys Conducted among Hungarians Living in Slovakia. Regio, 2005.

A. Zoltán Bíró: Summits and Everyday Life. In Szarka, László (ed.): Hungary and the Hungarian Minorities: Trends in the Past and in Our Time. Atlantic Studies on Society in Change 122. East-European Monographs, DCLVII. Boulder, Colorado – Atlantic Research and Publications, Inc. Highland Lakes, New Jersey. 2004

Anna-Mária Bíró: Minority Policies in Romania. Occasional Papers 6. Teleki László Foundation, 1996.

Bárdi, Nándor: The History of Relations Between Hungarian Governments and Ethnic Hungarians Living beyond the Borders of Hungary. In Kántor Zoltán – Majtényi Balázs – Osamu Ieda – Vizi Balázs – Iván Halász (eds.): The Hungarian Status Law: Nation Building and/or Minority Protection. Sapporo: Slavic Research Center, Hokkaido University, 2004.

Bárdi, Nándor: Generation Groups in the History of Hungarian Minority Elites. Regio, 2005.

Losoncz, Alpár: The Paradoxes of a Regional Construction. Regio, 2004. Kántor Zoltán: Reinstitutionalizing the nation – status law and dual citizenship. Regio,

2005. Bárdi, Nándor: Cleavages in Cross-Border Magyar Minority Politics, 1989-1998. Regio,

2000. Tóth, Judit: Legal Regulations Regarding Hungarian Diaspora. Regio, 2000.

30. Ethnic parties in the neighboring states

o Robotin, Monica – Salat, Levente (eds.): A New Balance: Democracy and Minorities in Post-Communist Europe. Budapest: LGI, 2003.

o Miklós Bakk: The Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania. Occasional Papers 9. Teleki László Foundation, 1998.

o Kántor, Zoltán – Bárdi, Nándor: The Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (DAHR) in the Government of Romania from 1996 to 2000. Regio, 2002.

o Zoltán Alpár Szász: The Electoral Success of Dominant Parties Representing the Hungarian Minority in Romania and Slovakia. Regio, 2003.