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M. Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology Isfahan university of medical sciences Newborn Thyroid Function Tests 1

M. Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology Isfahan university of medical sciences

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Newborn Thyroid Function Tests. M. Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology Isfahan university of medical sciences. Increase in congenital hypothyroidism in New York State and in the United States. Incidence Between1978 -2005 48.3 per100000 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

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M. HashemipourProfessor of Pediatric Endocrinology Isfahan university of medical sciences

Newborn Thyroid Function Tests

Page 2: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences
Page 3: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences
Page 4: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Increase in congenital hypothyroidism in New York State and

in the United States Incidence• Between1978 -2005 48.3 per100000 • 2005 70.7 per100000Asians have a 65% higher incidence than

the average of all infants 98.4/100,000 vs. 59.5/100,000

Mol Genet Metab. 2007 Jul;91(3)

Page 5: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

incidence rates of CHHarris and Pass 2007• increase in the incidence rates of CH overthe past 2 decades• New York 1 in 3378 to 1 in 1414 births • United States 1 in 4098 to 1 in 2370 births• Molecular Genetics and Metabolism 2007

Page 6: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

ترم 20نوزاد فول تحت= 70TSHروزهگرفته قرار درمان

چگونه دارو مصرف زمان و دوزاست؟

سطح مناسب درمان صورت درطبیعی T4,TSHسرمي زمانی چه در

؟ شد خواهدسرمي سطح حداكثر و و T4حداقل

TSH چه درمان از پس نوزاد اين درباشد؟ باید میزان

Page 7: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Low T4 &Elevated TSH

• Any Infant With A Low T4 Level And Elevated TSH Is Considered To Have

Primary HypothyroidismTSH>10 two weeks Abnormal

• AAP2006

Page 8: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Treatment

The Goal Of Treatment To Ensure Normal Growth &Development

T4 10 To 16 Ug/dlTSH 0/5-2Miu/L

• PEDIATRIC RESEARCH 2009

Page 9: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

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TreatmentGood prognosis • T4 normalizes in 3 days.• TSH returns to the target range by 2 weeks of

therapy.

with 12–17 µg/kg levothyroxin

Page 10: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

صورتيكه زمان TSHو T4در درچه نرسيد مناسب حد به معين

است؟ مطرح هائي تشخيص

Page 11: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Failure of increase T4TBG DeficiencyPreparation of L-thyroxin Is Not

Appropriately ActiveAbsorption of L-thyroxin Is IncompleteChild Is Not Receiving The MedicationDrug exposure to high temperature

Page 12: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Failure of increase T4• Malabsorption• increased degradation (anticonvulsants)• large hemangiomas with high deiodinase

activity

Page 13: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Interfere With The Absorption

Soy Formulas (within an hour ) Ferrous Sulfate Aluminum Hydroxide Bile Acid Sequestrants Calcium

Page 14: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

هائيمي يادآوري چه مادر به كنيد؟

Page 15: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

از که صورتی در فوق بیمار پیشاگهیبار چهار سالگی دو تا TSHششماهگی

است 5باالی چگونه باشد داشته

Page 16: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

prognosis

During The First Year Of Life, Infants WithT4 <10 mcg/dlAccompanied By TSH > 15 Mu/L

Have Lower IQ Values Than infantsAAP2006

Page 17: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

prognosis• T4 <10 ug/dl in the first year of life was

associated with an 18-point lower IQ compared with T4 above 10u g/d

• J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2011

Page 18: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Prognosis

Infant With Initial T4 Level < 5 µg/dl Delay Skeletal Maturation at Birth. May have Permanent Intellectual Sequelae

Page 19: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Prognosis

• If Treatment Is Delayed (after 2 weeks) OR• A Lower Dose Is Used A 20 Point Deficit In Both Mental And

Psychomotor Development Is Observed

Page 20: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Prognosis

• Delay in normalizing serum T4 and TSH by more than 2 wk after starting treatment

resulted 10 point lower IQJ Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2011

Page 21: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Prognosisinfants diagnosed by 3 months of age Mean IQ of 89• Between 3 and 6 months Mean IQ of 71 • More than 6 months of age Mean IQ fell to 34J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2011

Page 22: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

درمان شروع از پس ماه شش TSH=0.01 T4=12

تصمیم؟

Page 23: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

پسازدرمان سال 10دوT4=18,TSH =

مشکل این برای علتی چهدارد وجود

Page 24: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

سه سن در صورت چه درنمی قطع وی درمان سالگی

شود

Page 25: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Permanent congenital hypothyroidism

TSH> 10 mU/L after the first year of life during treatment

initial thyroid scan shows ectopic/absent gland confirmed by ultrasonographic examination

Page 26: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

با ترم فول درمان TSH=25نوزاد تحتبا لووتیروکسین 25قرار گرم میکرو

ماهگی سه سن در است گرفته قرارTSH=0.1

T4=18 تصمیم؟

Page 27: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

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با 14نوزاد • کرده T4=3و TSH=28روزه مراجعهاست.

دارد؟ ضرورت وی در اسکن صورت چه در

Page 28: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Thyroid Radionuclide Uptake

Recommend Routinely In Infants With

TSH>50mu/L

Page 29: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

با 14نوزاد =mIU/L 11 TSHروزهT4=10 ug/dl

به توجه با معالج پزشك كرده، مراجعهT4 درمان را Bوي گرفته تصميم طبيعي

پيگيري. باشد صحيح وي اقدام اگر نكنداست چگونه نوزاد اين

Page 30: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

if serum TSH is elevated 9–25 mU/liter• Recheck a serum TSH and free T4 in 1 wk. we recommend treating• If the serum TSH has not normalized by 3–4

wk of age OR

• initial TSH is greater than 25 mU/liter• J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2011

Page 31: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

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وزن 14نوزاد • با گرم 1300روزه•T4= 4 µg/dl TSH=8mu/L به • توجه و T4با تشخيص TSHپائين معالج پزشك باال

. ؟ چيست شما نظر داد هيپوتيروئيدي

Page 32: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

VLBW & Thyroid functionAn Average Age For TSH Rise

Is 30 Days (range, 11–176)

>1500GR

• All VLBW Infants Should Be Rescreened At 2, 6,and 10• Weeks of Age

• .

• AAP99• Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes 2005, .

Page 33: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes 2005, 12:36–41

Page 34: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Premature• Currently the evidence base does not indicate

cognitive benefit from thyroid therapy of hypothyroxinemia of prematurity in the absence of TSH elevation.

• AAP2006

Page 35: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Premature• It Would Seem Reasonable At The Present

Time To Treat Any Premature Infant With

A Low T4 And Elevated TSH

Page 36: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Normal Values For T4 Level By Weight

Weight T4(ug/dl)± SD<1000 5.6± 31000-1500 7.7± 2.71500-2000 9.6± 2.72000-2500 11.2± 2.4>2500 12± 2

Page 37: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Normal Values For TSHAge TSH (mU/L) 2–20wk 1.7–9.1 5–24 mo 0.8–8.2 2–7 yr 0.7–6.2

AAP2003

Page 38: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

خوار به 1/5شیر طبیعی قد و وزن با ای ماههتیروئید تست بار دو حال به تا کرده مراجعه شما

شده TSH=3 ,T4 =5

T4= 3ug/dl, TSH= 1mU/L وی درمان و تشخیص تایید مورد در شما نظر

چیست؟کاهش باعث است ممکن عللی ؟بشوند T4چه

Page 39: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

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• T3RU• FT4

Page 40: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Low T4 &Normal TSH Anticonvulsants preterm infants NTITBG deficiency Central hypothyroidBirth asphyxia

Page 41: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Low T4 &Normal TSH• primary hypothyroidism and delayed TSH

elevation • High-dose glucocorticoids

Page 42: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

سابقه با ماهه هشت خوار شیرمبتال فعال شده کنترل هیپوتیروئیدی

مورد در شما نظر است تشنج بهچیست؟ وی درمان

Page 43: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

سابقه 3/5کودک با سالهقطع وی درمان فعال هیپوتیروئیدی

دارد = TSH 8و T4=10شده وی پیگیری مورد در شما تصمیم

است ؟چگونه

Page 44: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

سابقه با ای ساله سه کودکقطع وی درمان گذرا هیپوتیروئیدیقطع از پس ازمایشات و است شده

در شما نظر است طبیعی درمان؟ است چگونه وی پیگیری ؟مورد

Page 45: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

• it is still high TSH(over 30%) in late childhood.• Children that maintain euthyroidism in late

childhood have higher TSH value• J Clin Endocrin Metab 2008

Page 46: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

به 9نوزاد مبتال مادر از روزهدرمان تحت تیروئیدی هیپر

فعال و شده TSH=15متولدچیست؟ شما تصمیم دارد

Page 47: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

• Newborn whose mother is receiving anantithyroid drug. T4 and TSH values return to normal

within 1 to 3 weeks

Page 48: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

در دان سندرم به مبتال نوزادازمایش باید هائی زمان چهشود انجام ها این در تیروئید

Page 49: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

اسکرین هفتگی دو ماهگی دو سالگی 12-6هر سه تا ماه

Page 50: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

بزرگ همانژیم با نوزادزمان چه در شده متولد

ازمایش باید هائیانجام ها این در تیروئید

شود

Page 51: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

است • تیروئید تست به نیاز ماهیانه سالگی یک تا

Page 52: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

علت 18نوزادی به مناسب وزن افزایش با روزهشده داده ارجاع ذیل تیروئید تست با قراری بی

• T4==18ug/100• TSH=0/5• T3=250ng/ml

را • درمان هیپرتیروئیدی تشخیص با معالج پزشکچیست؟ شما نظر کرده شروع

T4==18ug/100TSH=0/5miu/lT3=250ng/ml

Page 53: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Follow-upCHD fourfold higher than controlHearing ScreeningKidney disease GI• The Journal of Pediatrics2008

Page 54: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Assessing 0f permanence of CH

At 3 Years Of Age Discontinue Treatment And Retest Serum T4/TSH After 4 Weeks especially

If the serum TSH value has not increased

Infant is normal

Almost 100% Of Children With True CH Have Elevated TSH Levels After 4 Weeks Off Of Treatment.

AAP2006

Page 55: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Assessing permanence of CH

Permanence of hypothyroidism is confirmed.

TSH> 10 mU/L

Page 56: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Assessing permanence of CH

• Serum TSH> 10 mU/L after the first year of life

• AAP1993

Page 57: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

طور 12دختر • به که ای توده احساس علت به ای سالهشده مشاهده گردن قدامی قسمت در اتفاقی

. است کرده مراجعهمادر و مادر در را تیروئید کاری پر فامیلی حال شرح

. میدهد بزرگ. دارد طبیعی نسبتا وزن و قد اولیه معاینات در

عملکرد و قرینه غیر ، سفت نسبتا تیروئید ینه معا در. دارد طبیعی

Page 58: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

؟ • کنید می ارسال آزمایشاتی چه؟ • کنید می تجویز را درمانی چهخواهد • عوارضی چه شدن وبزرگتر درمان عدم درصورت

؟ داشتصورت • چه ؟ FNAدر دارد الزمشود؟ • می انجام جراحی درمان صورت چه درایجاد • کشیده گواترطول دنبال به است ممکن عوارضی چه

شود؟؟ • است چگونه درمان مدت طول؟ • کنید می پیگیری را بیمار چگونه

Page 59: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

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Goiter

• Goiter = Chronic enlargement of the thyroid gland not due to neoplasm

Page 60: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Investigation of Goiter

• TFT• Thyroid Abs

Page 61: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

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Complications of Goitre

• Dysphagia• Dyspnea• Hoarseness• Malignancy 1-10%• Toxic goiter %30• micro or macronodularity

Without treatment

Page 62: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

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FNA

• Asymmetric goiter• prominent nodule• smaller nodule that enlarges during follow-

up

Page 64: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

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Complications

• Hyperthyroidism• Lymphoma• Malignancy

Page 66: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Levothyroxin

• Reduced TSH secretion

• Subside the effect of TSH on thyroid

TSH should be kept between 0.1-0.5 mu/l

Page 67: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

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Duration of Treatment

• It probably is best to continue treatment until growth and pubertal development are complete.

• Some children treated for several years have persistently normal thyroid function after T4 treatment is discontinued.

Page 68: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

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Follow up

• Thyroid function test 6 wk after initiation.

• Assessment for Growth and sexual development TSH measurement : • Every 4–6 mo in the growing child.

• yearly once final height has been attained.

Page 69: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

به . 16دختر • او است کرده مراجعه سالیانه معاینه جهت ای سالهبزرگ . کمی تیروئید معاینه در ندارد مشکلی یبوست جز

است . : ذیل شرح به وی تیروئید تست است

•TSH = 7.5 mU/ ml (0.5-5) •Free T4 = 1.1 ng (0.8-1.8) • ؟ • است چگونه وی پیگیری و درمان

Page 70: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

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Subclinical Hypothyroidism

Risk of conversion to HYPOthyroidism:

• If TSH raised and Antibodies raised ; 50%• If TSH raised and Ab negative ; 33%• If TSH normal and Ab positive ; 25%

Page 71: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Subclinical Hypothyroidism

• vigorous analysis indicates that subjects with TSH in the 4.5–10 mU/L range, no benefit was seen

• If there is a goiter or the TSH is >10 mU/L, treatment is indicate

Page 72: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Subclinical Hypothyroidism

If there is no goiter And TSH is <10 Repeated test is suggested in 6–12 months.• Repeating the tests within a month, as is often done,

usually results in A TSH similar to the initial one And provide no new information International Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology2010

Page 73: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Subclinical Hypothyroidism

By waiting 6–12 months one allows time for Either normalization of TSH or progression to

OH. • It may be more helpful to measure thyroidantibodies with the second free T4 and TSH than

as a screening test.International Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology2010

Page 74: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Subclinical Hypothyroidism

If ab are negative it would provide reassurance that is not AIT And decrease the need for subsequent testing• while strongly positive antibody levels would

signal the need for closer monitoring of thyroid tests.

Page 75: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Conclusions

• It is proposed that TSH be rechecked periodically for 2 years

longer if There is a goiterstrongly positive antibodiesInternational Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology2010

Page 76: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Conclusions

• If the TSH remains in the 5–10 mU/L • The child considered to have a stable mild TSH

elevation and not require repeat testing unless

A goiter appearsThere are new symptoms suggestive of OHInternational Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology2010

Page 77: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Subclinical Hypothyroidism

Since a child with TSH 5–10 mU/L, no goiter, and negative antibodies is unlikely to progress to OH

it is difficult to justify treatment. Even though an occasional child in this group will develop symptomatic OH during follow-up

Page 78: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences

Subclinical Hypothyroidism

• when free T4 is normal but TSH is 10–15, progression to OH is more likely, particularly if there is evidence of AIT.

• Treating such patients seems reasonable, but periodic monitoring off therapy should also be an option

Page 79: M.  Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology  Isfahan university of medical sciences