Lunar Photographs From Apollos 8, 10, And 11

8/8/2019 Lunar Photographs From Apollos 8, 10, And 11

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ROMAPOL

t /NASA CR OR TMX OR AD NUMBER]2 30(CATEGORY)


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LUNAR PH3TOGRAPHS FROM APOLLOS 8, 10, and I I


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NASA SP-246

LUNARPHOTOGRAPHS

FROM APOLLOS 8,10, andCompiled by

Robert G. MusgroveNASA Manned Spacecraft Center

Scientific and Technical Information 0,fFce 19-1NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION

Washington, D.G.


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AcknowledgmentsThis photographic atlas was compiled by personnel of the

Mapping Sciences Laboratory, Science and ApplicationsDirectorate, of the NASA Manned Spacecraft Center.Robert G. Musgrove of the Mapping Sciences Laboratorywas responsible for directing and coordinating the effortsthat comprised this publication.

Personnel of the Lockheed Electronics Corporation Map-ping Sciences Department under contract to NASA alsomade substantial contributions to this document.

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents,U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402Price 84.00Lzbrary of Congress Catalog Card Number 75-608546


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Contents

INTRODUCTIONAPOLLO LUNAR PHOTOGRAPHYAPPENDIX A-PHOTOGRAPHIC INDEXES

Apollo 8Apollo 10Apollo 11

APPENDIX B--CREW AND LAUNCH PHOTOGRAPHS

PAGE

vii


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Infroducf ion

THEPURPOSE OF THIS PHOTOGRAPHIC atlas is to make available to scientists and tothe interested public a comprehensive sample of photographs from the first threeApollo lunar missions. This atlas contains photographs of almost every type of featureand terrain that exists on the lunar surface.

Selected photographs, though not as many as are in this atlas, are availableto the public through

The Manned Spacecraft CenterPublic Affairs OfficeHouston, Tex. 77058

Scientific users such as universities, institutions, or schools may contactNational Space Science Data CenterGoddard Space Flight CenterCode 601Greenbelt, Md. 2077 1

The Data Center has been established by NASA to fulfill the needs of scientists inacquiring at either nominal or at no cost both photographic and digital data fromextraterrestrial manned and unmanned missions. Foreign users interested in acquiringsuch data may write

World Data Center A for Rockets and SatellitesGoddard Space Flight CenterCode 601Greenbelt, Md. 20771U.S.A.


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Apollo Lunar PhofogrclphyMuch of the photography from Apollos 8 and 10

was oriented operationally; prime photographic tar-gets were the landing sites and landmarks used forguidance to landing sites. Landmarks of particularsignificance are noted in captions accompanying thephotographs.

Th e front side, or Earth-facing hemisphere, of theMoon has been studied and mapped by astronomersfor several centuries, and most of t he prominentfeatures in this Earth-side region have been named,usually after famous scientists or astronomers.Prominent named features shown in the photographsare identified by name in the captions.All of the names by which lunar features areidentified must be approved by the InternationalAstronomical Union (IAU). This scientific bodygoverns the nomenclature of lunar features; any newor changed designations must be submitted to theIA U before the new designations can become officiallyrecognized.

However, the Apollo program injected an entirelynew, though unofficial, vocabulary into the listingsof lunar features. Names such as U.S. 1, Diamond-back Rille, and Boot Hill gained prominence inpublications and in the news media. The reason forthe development and use of this Apollo nomenclatureis quite simple. The lunar-surface photographs fromthe mapping missions of Lunar Orbiter produced alevel of detail that had never before been discernible--even by the best telescopes on Ear th. From LunarOrbiter photographs, features as small as 5 m weredetectable; before the Lunar Orbiter missions, onlythe most powerful telescopes operating under the bestatmospheric conditions could resolve objects withdimensions of 2 km. Among the thousands of lunarfeatures and formations that had been unseen orunidentifiable from Earth, there were distinct orunique features that were especially useful for land-mark tracking to the landing sites. The IAU couldnot assign names to these features because of theoperational time constraints imposed by the Apolloflight schedule. Therefore, the Apollo crewmembersand the mission planners selected names arbitrarily

for those features that were used as identificationpoints and landmarks for navigation. These designa-tions are not intended to be submitted to the IAU forconsideration.

A few of the features of the lunar far side havebeen named on the basis of photographs returnedfrom the 1959 U.S.S.R. Lunik 3 mission, the firstmission to photograph the back side of the Moon.Later, the U.S. Lunar Orbiter program took extensivephotographs of the lunar far side. From these LunarOrbiter photographs, detailed lunar maps have beenmade. Most of the major features of the lunar farside have been temporarily assigned numerical desig-nations by the IAU, and the IAU is currently review-ing names that have been suggested for these features.At present, however, the majority of lunar far-sidefeatures 'are unnamed.

Most of the designations of named Punar featuresare of classical extraction, and on reference charts andmaps, these named features are referred to in theclassical context. Thus, the Sea of Tranquility isreferred to as Mare Tranquillitatis, and the HyginusRille is designated Rima Hyginus. I n this atlas, theclassical denotation will be adhered to, although thetranslated or current nomenclature is provided whenambiguities might occur.

Strict geologic or other interpretive terms describingthe features or terrain shown in the photographshave been avoided because it is thought that thephotography in this volume is so significant that theatlas should reach and appeal to as wide an audienceas possible. Therefore, captions generally have beenrestricted to the identification of known features andunique or peculiar formations or conditions.

Because the terminator, the line of demarcationbetween darkness and sunlight, was at most a fewdegrees west of the zero meridian during the Apollo8, 10, and 11 missions, the photography from thesemissions is primarily of the eastern hemisphere ofthe Moon. As a result, much of this atlas is comprisedof lunar far-side photography. Therefore, many ofthe photographs in this atlas are valuable for updatingexisting maps and charts of the lunar far side. ]In ap-


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APOLLO 10The Earth as it appears from a dlStanCe of 36000 n. mi. isshown here. North America is the dominant landmass, withthe southwestern regions of the United States and thenorthern areas of Mexico clearly visible. At the lower right,the outline of the uppermost portion of South America canbe distinguished.

pendix A, indexes of the photography have beenprepared and are presented according to mission. Foreach frame in the atlas, the index includes a descrip-tion of the area of coverage; coordinates of the princi-pal point; focal length of camera lens; notations onthe Sun elevation and the general type of view,whether vertical or oblique; and the page on whichthe photograph appears in this book. The maps usedin this index were printed by the USAF AeronauticalChart and Information Center, St. Louis Mo.

Because the orbital photography taken by all threemissions was similar, integrating the photographyfrom the missions into a coherent order seemed moreappropriate than attempting to separate the photo-graphs by mission. However, the mission from whicha photographic framewas selected is easily determinedby the frame number. The prefixes (AS8, AS10, orAS11) to the frame numbers identify a photographas having been taken during Apollo 8, 10, or 11.For example, AS8-2606 was taken during Apollo 8,AS10-4433 during Apollo 10, and AS11-5903 duringApollo 11.For the most part, the photography in this atlas hasbeen oriented so that north is at the top of each page.Sometimes this orientation presents a view that is d i i -cult for the eye to perceive. This situation occurs espe-cially in high-oblique photographs. In such situations,the orientation most comfortable to the eye has beenselected.

The onboard cameras for all three missions weremodified Hasselblad 500 EL cameras, with 80-mmand 250-mm Zeiss panacolor lenses. For certainphoto-graphs of the lunar surface, a 60-mm lens with areseau was used. Use of this lens and reseau is appar-ent in the views that show crosslike fiducialmarks. Al-though several emulsions (including Kodacolor) havebeen used experimentallyon these missions, the photo-graphs in this atlas were exposed on SO-368 andSO-168 (Ektachrome-type emulsions) for color andSO-168 (Plus X) and 3400 (Panatomic-X emul-sions) for black and white.

For analytical purposes, black-and-white emulsionshave been determined to provide a higher degree ofresolution and image clarity than the color emulsionsprovide; therefore, much of the orbital photography isin black and white. However, most of the photographstaken on the lunar surface by astronauts Neil A.Armstrong and Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., were in color.


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This high-oblique view of the lunar far side indudes Mare Smythiiin the lower left and Mare Momviense (Sa f Moscow) near thehorizon at the center top. Note how the rugged terrain of the lunarlandscape near Mare Mosobviense stands out in relief against theblack background.


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APOLLO 10 AS10-27-3915This near-verticalview of Mare Smythii was photographedat ahigh Sun elevation. The illumination conditions tend to flattenout the appearance of the landscape and make smaller craters; appear as bright points of refleckion.


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None of the features in this region has been named; however, thekeyhole-shaped crater was used for training the Apollo 8 crewmen inlandmark tracking. Th e large crater is approximately 20 statute milesin diameter. Note the range in sizes of craters visible at the low (7")Sun elevation.


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APOLLO 8 AS^-12-2148

To p left: This vertical photograph of thenorthern floor of a far-side basin was ex-posed near the subsolar point (point ofmaximum Sun elevation). The unnamedbright crater at the center is the focal pointof the scene; thousands of tiny cratersstand out as pinpoints of bright light.Left: The southeastern edge of MareSmythii is exposed at a high Sun elevation,emphasizing the large number of smallcraters existing in this region. The linea-tions running diagonally across the upperort ti on of the area also are of interest.

APOLLO 8 AS8-12-2169


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APOLLO 8Top: This is a southerly looking high-oblique photograph of the lunarfar side. Tlme dalk-floored crater is approximately 40 miles in diame terancl lies on the southeastern edge of Mare Australe (Southern Sea).Nu me ~o us ther large craters can be seen in this legion, including a verybright ray crater near the horizon at left.A boue: Thi s is a high-oblique photograph of the luna r surface with thelarge crater Humb oldt (German statesman, 1767-3835) at the lower leftcenter and the crater Langrenu s (Belgian selcnographer , 1600-1675) a tthe far upp er right. Numerous light areas and small bright-rayedcraters are visible.


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APOLLO 8Top: A closer view of t he Humb old t crater shows in detail theinteresting linear patterns emanati ng from the center of th e crater.T he b right central peaks are characteristic of many luna r craters.Above: T hi s is an oblique view of the far -side crater Tsiolkovsky(Russian aerodynamics and rocketry scientist, 1857-1935). The crater

Tsiolkovsky, approximately 94 miles in diameter, was first discoveredby the Soviet Moon probe Lunik 3 in 1959. Th is fea ture particularlyis distinguished by t he brig ht central peak rising from th e verydark crater floor.


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The crater Eangrer~uss located on the eastern edge of Mare Fecunditatis.Langrenus, which is approximate ly 85 miles in diameter, shows th eclassic features commonly associated with large craters, such as arelatively smooth floor, terraced walls, and a central peak.


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Th e crater Joliot-Curie (French physicist, 1900-1958), partially shownwithin this high-oblique photograph at left center, is approximately110 miles in diameter. The dark-bottomed crater Lomonosov (a Russianfoun der of present-day natural science, 1711-65) is approximately 50 milesin diameter. Long narrow rays have been reported in the polar regionof the Earth-facing hemisphere of the Moon. Th e very bright-rayedcrater near the horizon is now th ought to be the source of these rays.


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Thus us an oblique photograph (lookin g southwest) of Mare Fecunditatis.The large clatel at the top is Bellot (French explor er, 1823-56),approxlrnascly 13 miles in diameter. The intelesting dou ble, orconcentric, crater at the upper left is Bellot B.


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APOLLO 8In this oblique view, a portion of the Pyrenees Mountains can be seenin the center background at the top edge of the photograph. T h e largecrater Goclenius (German scholar, 1572-1621) in the foreground lies onthe southern edge of Mare Fecunditatis and measures approximately45 miles in diameter. T h e numerous rilles scarring the floor ofGoclenius can be seen; one rille extends across the entire crater floor,over the central peak, and across the rim into the smooth mare.


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APOLLO 8 AS8-13-2228This vnew wa s taken looking southwest across the highlands just northoi- the Pyrenees Mountains. The low Sun elevation emphasizes therelief. Th c large crater in the foreground is Lubbock D (Englishmathematician, 1803-85). In the middleground, the Gutenberg Rilles(German plinter, 1398-1468) can be seen crossing both hills and craters.T hc craters in the background belong to the Capella (Carthaginianlawyer, ca. A.D. 50) system of craters.


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(Italian astronomer, 1483-1553). The shallow crater in the nearforeground is Da


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Top: The Parge crater in the center is Behaim (Ger-man navigator, 1436-1506). Of special interest is thevery even appearance of this crater, especially in thecenter where the central peak resembles a smoothdome.

Right: This photograph is a westward-looking viewinto Mare Tranquill itatis (Sea of Tranquility). Thetwo small craters in the lower right corner are SecchiA (Ital ian astr onom er, 1818-78) and Secchi B. T helarge sharp-rimmed crater just beyond Secchi A an dSecchi B is Taruntius F (Roman philosopher, ca. 88B.C.). The large crater remnant at the center back-ground is Maskelyne F (English astronomer, 1732-1881).n ~ o e e o AS8-13-2271


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Top left: The prominent feature i nthe lower center is the crater Maske-lyne F, an old ring crater which is 13miles in diameter. In the center back-ground near the terminator is the well-defined crater Masltelyne H. The dis-tance between these two features isapproximately 56 miles. The sharp pro-tuberance near the center was selectedas a cont rol point because of its uniquestructure.


Left: Thi s south-looltirtg oblique view ofthe far-side terminator was exposed ata Sun elevation of 1 " . Tlie extremecontrasts of black and white lend a curi-ous, almost artistic, quality to the scene.In the far background, a ridge appar-ently protrudes high enough to reflectsunlight, causing the bright, narrow,diagonal streak.


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APOLLO 8Thi s oblique view of the northeastern portion of Mare Tranquil litatisdepicts a rather wide variety of luna r topographic features. To the rightcenter is the crater Cauchy (French mathematician, 1789-1856). T heaccompanying escarpment has been designated Rima Cauchy (Cauchy'sRille). Numerous small craters, peaks, and domes also prevail in this region.


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Th is oblique view is looking northwest across the norther n portion of MareTran qui llit atis toward the near-side terminator. T h e Sun elevation was 1".T he large crater at the center of the picture is Vitruvius (Roman architect,100B.C.). Note the presence of a "ghost" cra ter just to the right of Vitruvius.


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Top left: This photograph is one in a sequence ofvertical views of the central region of a far-sidebasin.Th e deep shadowsnear the terminator emphasize therelief of the area.. Left: Another in the sequence of vertical views, this- -- eavily cratered area appears forbidding because ofAPOLLO 8 AS8-14-2401 the accentuation of detail at the low Sun elevation.


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9POLLO 8 AS8-14-2409The shadow cast by the large protuberance in this far-side view indicates- .that this is a feature of considerable size. This area, as well as most ofthe other areas in this region, is heavily cratered.


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Right: The large ridges running diag-onally across the area are the predom-inant. features. Numerous small gougescan be detected running a t general rightangles to the ridges. Th e heavy crateringseems typical of th is far-side region.Below: The lunar surface in this areashows a definite fibrouslike texture notgenerally seen in the other views of thisfar-side region. Also, this area does notseem to have been subjected to theheavy cratering evident in other por-tions of th is region.


APOLLO 8 , - . -Above: Th e smooth appearance of this lunar far-side cratersuggests that it may possibly be an older crater. Neverthe-less, it exhibits a central peak and considerable terracingof its walls.

APOLLO 8

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IAPOLLO , AS8-14-Above: The central highland area and a 5-mile-diametercrater are evident in this low-oblique view of the centralregion of a large far-side crater. A recently formed brightcrater and its associated ray system are located in the upper Ileft region.Right: Many of the smaller craters in this lunar far-side low- Iblique photograph respond to the higher Sun elevation by

assuming a bright appearance. Several such craters are lo- I


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Two craters apparently share an adjacent wall in this far-side view. Therim of the larger crater is more than 50 miles across and has been subjectedto a steplike terracing. At this relativelyhigh Sun elevation, numeroussmall bright craters can be seen in the area.


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. .Tsiolkovsky depicts the prominent centralpeak of this unusual crater. The contrastbetween the peak and the surroundingcrater floor is especially striking.Left: In this lunar far-side oblique photo-graph, exposed with a telephoto lens, theforeshortening effects provide an interest-ing portrayal of lunar far-side relief.APOLLO 8 A88-14-2453


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APOLLO 8Th is is a photograph of earthrise as seen from lunar orbit. Th e visibleland area is the western portion of Africa, with heavy cloud patternsconcealing much of the Atlantic Ocean.


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APOLLO 8An oblique view of the crarer Langrenus shows in detail the steepterracing of the inner walls and the smooth crater floor broken by thecentral peak. The large shallow crater to the uppe r left is Vendelinus(Belgian astronomer, 1580-1667). The fact that Vendelinus is smooth andworn as compared with Langrenus would suggest that Vendelinus isa much older crater.


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T o p right: These unnamed far-sidecraters are located near the terminator.Th e large crater near the center of t hephotograph is approximately 18 milesin diameter. Because of the low Sunelevation, much of the detail in thisregion is obscured by shadow.Right: This is the floor of a far-sidecrater that was described by the Apollo 8lunar module pilot as being an area ofpossible flows. Th e heavy shadows onthe basin floor are from the crater rim.A numbe r of small, rolling, hummock-like structures can be seen to the lowerright of this crater.


APOLLO 8


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This well-defined crater chain is located on the lunar far side. Muchof the surface surrounding this crater chain seems heavily scarred andpockma~ked, nd linear gouges run diagonally across the area.


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Top right: An interesting feature locatednear the center of this luna r far-sideview is the large keyhole-shaped crater.This is a particularly rugged region withconsiderable relief and heavy cratering.

Right: Th e sharp line of demarcationjust to the left of center in this view isthe rim of a large, unnamed, far-sidecrater. The sloping crater wall appears tobe very bright because the wall reflectsmore sunlight than the surroundingterrain.


APOLLO 8 AS$-17-2697


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The crater near th e center of this view stands out sharply against thesurrounding terrain. Thi s is a crater within a much larger far-side crater.Th e ccn t~aP eak of the larger crater is seen near the small bright craterat the Icft, while a portion of the terraced walls that form the largercrater's boundary can be seen at the lower right.


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APOLLO 8

T o p : This is a high-ohlique westward view looking toward what wouldbecome Tranquili ty Base in Mare Tranquillitatis. T he sea at the bottomof the picture is Mare Fecunditatis, and the sea extending to thehorizon is Mare Tranquillitatis. Th e highland separating the two seasis the Secchi Peninsula.Above: Th e large, unnamed, far-side crater at the lower center isapproximately 30 miles in diameter. Terracing and a central peak, featurescommon to other large craters of this type, are shown in the photograph .Th e mottled appearance of the surrounding area is produced bynumerous small, bright, halo craters that stand out against the darkerupland surface.


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Th e large crater in the left-central foreground of this lun ar far-sideoblique photograph is approximately 60 miles in diameter. T he relativelyhigh Sun angle causes a large number of craters near the horizon to standou t as bright streaks or spots. T h e shar p relief of this region can beseen outlined against the black horizon.


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Above: A numb er of large craters are evi-dent in this far-side view. The crater nearthe lower center is approximately 15 milesin diameter. A portion of a much larger,dark-appearing crater can be seen at thelower left.Right: This view is directly south of MareSmythii. The crater at the top center isapproximately 20 miles in diameter. Thehigh Sun angle lends a luminescent qualityto the ou ter walls of the larger craters. Th elip on the side of the crater at the lowerleft is also of interest.

APOLLO 8


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APOLLO 10This photograph was taken from the Apollo 10 lunar module, which wasbeing inspected by the command module pilot. The lunar background inthis view is a portion of the limb region east of Mare Smythii.


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Top right: In this photograph of SinusMedii (Central Bay), the two prominentcraters are Bruce (American patron ofthe arts, 1816-1900) and Blagg (Englishselenographer, 1858-1944). Bruce (thecrater at the top) is approximately 4miles in diameter, and Blagg (just belowBruce) has a diameter of approximately3 miles. Th e topography on the surfaceof Sinus Medii is accentuated by the lowSun elevation.Right: Bruce is the prominent craternear the bottom. The low Sun elevation(ranging from nearly 6" in the east toless than l o in the west) emphasizes theundulations occurring in an apparentlysmooth mare area.

APOLLO 10 ASIO-27-3905


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APOLLO 10 Aslo-28-4012

Top left:This unnamed far-side crater, approximately26 miles in diameter, shows terracing on its innerwalls. It also has an unusual break (at the right rear)in the outer rim. The peculiar shade variations andblack spots are, at present, unexplained.Left:The diameter of this far-side crater is approxi-mately 15 miles. M'hile the crater appears like manyothers of this size and age, the surrounding terrainappears quite wrinkled. Under the high Sun elevation,numerous small craters appear as pinpoints of light.

APOLLO 10

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Left: Th is view of th e south-centralportion of Mare Tranquillitatis illus-trates the differences in the characterof the mare and the highland regions.(Compared with the highland areas,the mare appears quire smooth.) Thesmall, clearly defined crater at leftcenter is Maskelyne T, which i s ap -proximately 4 miles in diameter.Below: This is a high-oblique view,looking east across Mare Tranquilli-tatis. The landing site for Apolio i lis near th e bottom center of th e pic-ture. The crater in the lower right isMoltke (Prussian general, 1800-1891).The large crater at the upper left isMaskelyne.


APOLLO 10 Aslo-28-4040Above: Th is near-vertical view was taken over t hesouthern edge of Mare Tranquillitatis. Th e smallbright-rayed crater at the bottom right corner isCensorinus (Roman grammarian and mathematician,ca. A.D. 238). The larger crater on the right side ofCensorinus is Censorinus A . Th e diameter of Cen-sorinus is approximately 5 statute miles. Even at amedium Sun elevation, the ray structure associatedwith Censorinus is quite apparent.

APOLLO 10


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Th is large far-side crater is approximately 40 miles in diameter. Thethree smaller craters symmetrically situated on the lower third of the rimar e of interest. The texture of the crater walls is readily seen becauseof the ioiv Sun angle.


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Riglzt: The large unnamed crater at thecenter of this far-side oblique photographis approximately 100 miles in diameter.The rough terrain in this region resultsfrom heavy cratering. A bright-rayedcrater can be seen on the south-centralrim of the large crater.Below: Th e unusual alinement of thesethree far-side craters made them espe-cially useful as landmark identificationpoints. The large crater at the right,which is approximately 25 miles in diam-eter, has a rough floor and considerableterracing, but the crater has no well-defined central peak.

APOLLO 10 ASlO-29-4180


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Above: Th e rectilinear appearance presented by the largecrater in this far-side oblique view is unusual. From thesmooth appearance, this crater appears to he much olderthan the bright, sharply defined crater near its center.A series of hummocky protuberances, located to the rightof the large crater a t rear center, can also be seen.Left: This crater (visible at a distance in the precedingphotograph) is approximately 20 miles in diameter. Closeinspection of the crater shows a distorted l ip on the leftside. Terracing is also quite evident in this feature. Thecrater is located on the edge of a far-side unnamedbasin, and the rugged terrain (generally associated withhighland regions) can be seen at the left and top of thisview.


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Left: Th e unnamed far-side craters in this ratherunusual grouping are from approximately 20 to 35miles in diameter. A small distinctive crater isshown at the lower right edge of the crater a tthe top.Below: A large, unnamed, far-side crater with asmaller crater on its outer rim is shown i n theforeground of this oblique photograph. A small.bright cra ter (left center) and a recently formedcrater with a distinctive ray pattern (right center)can be seen.



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APOLLO 10Thi s fa r-side obliq ue view shows the eastern edge of Mare Smythii(the da:k area at the central horizon). A large bright crater is predominantin th e foreground, and a mountainous ridge isolates a basin from thesurrounding ten ain at right center. Numerous small, bright-rayedcraters also can bc seen in this region.


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Right: This low-oblique view is of a smallarea located within Mare Smythii. The areashows several unusual features. The largetrenchlike feature at the left extends from amultiple-ringed structure, which lies out ofview, into a basinlike area at center. Nu-merous bright-rayed craters and craterletscan be seen in both the basin and in the high-land areas. A large crater is visible at topcenter.Below: In this view of Mare Smythii, the highSun elevation provides a sharp contrast be-tween prominent features and their surround-ing background. A sinuous rille, windingacross the center of the region, can be seenclearly. At right center, a large bright cratercan be seen, and small ray craters are scatteredthroilghout the area.


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APOLLO 10


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APOLLO 11 ASll-38-5602

Top right: This unique double crater is Messier A. There is anapparent break in the common wall between the older crater to-ward the top and the more recently formed crater in the fore-ground.Right: Th is is a view of Secchi K , which is approximately 5miles in diameter and is located in Mare Fecunditatis. A smallbright-rayed crater can be seen at the bottom edge of SecchiK.Th e highland regions that mark the boundary of the mare areseen on the horizon. At the lower left is the shadow of a thru stornozzle of the lun ar module.APOLLO 10 ASIO-29-4261


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Th e bright crater a t the top right in this oblique photograph is Secchi UA ,which is located in the western portion of Mare Fecunditatis. Th e brighthighlands can be readily distinguished from the darker mare. A broadrille to the right of center runs linearly across the area.


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This low-oblique photograph was taken from the Apollo 10 lunar moduleduring the descent approach to the Apollo 11 lunar landing site in MareTranquillitatis. Th e elongated hill in the center of the photographis near Secchi B and is approximately 780 m above the surrounding marefloor. Th e shadowed hill at lower left provides an indication of thetexture of these mare hills.


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APOLLO 10 AS10-29-4312

Left: Th e roughness of Mare Tranquillitatis is apparent i nthis low-altitude oblique photograph taken from the lunarmodule during the descent approach to the Apollo 11 lunarlanding site. A ridge runs diagonally from left to right acrossthe center of the photograph. Th e large bright crater at upperleft is Moltke.Below: Th e large crater in the center of this low-altitude obliquephotograph is Moltke. Considerable debris can be seen on theslopes of the outer crater walls. The area surrounding Moltkeis mottled and rough compared to the mare background. Di-rectly behind Moltke and running linearly across the area is atrough, Rima Hypatia I1 (Egyptian mathematician, died A.D.415); behind Rima Hypatia 11, the highland regions mark thesouthwestern edge of Mare Tranqui llitat is.

APOLLO 10

50


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This low-altitude oblique photograph of the central portion of a 50-mile-diameter far-side crater provides a closeup view of the interior s tructureof such craters. Th e prominent mountainous formation a t right center isthe central peak of the crater. Th e crater floor is heavily pockmarkedand contains many hummocky protuberances near the top center.T o the left, terracing of the inner crater walls is evident.


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APOLLO 10In this view of a far-side double crater, the smaller cra ter gives theappearance of having been scalloped out of the lunar surface. Th e larger.older crater appears worn in comparison and does not display the sharpterracing of the smaller crater. The terrain in the backgroundappears wrinkled under the relatively high Sun elevation.


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APOLLO 10Th e large, brilliant ray structure of this relatively small far-side craterimplies that the crater is of fairly recent origin. It is thought that rays suchas these are formed by material ejected when a meteorite impact formsa crater and that the material ejected has not yet been subjectedto the effects of solar erosion and darkening.


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Taruntius A , the crater in the center of the photograph, is approximately10 miles in diameter and is located in the northern portion of MareFccunditatis. Near the edge of the mare, a linear rille and a smallbright-rayed crater (lower right) can be seen.


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APOLLO 10 ASIO-304450Th e large crater in the foreground is Manners (English naval officer,1800-1870). and the smaller one at bottom center is Arago B (Frenchastronomer, 1786-1853). The double crater Ariadaeus (Macedonian king,died 317 B.C.) and Ariadaeus A are at the terminus of the sinuous RimaAriadaeus (Ariadaeus Rille) in the center background. Note how the rillein the vicinity of the double crater Ariadaeus appears to bepartially filled in.


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Above: This is a near-vertical view of a northern portion ofMare Fecunditatis. The highlands at the upper left are partof the rugged terrain that separates Mare Fecunditatis fromMare Grisium.Right: The crater at right center, Taruntius G, is approxi-mately 5 miles in diameter and is located in the northern por-tion of Mare Fecunditatis. Th e roughness of the mare is evi-dent by the presence of numerous wrinkle ridges and smallrilles running diagonally across the area.


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Top 1eft:The bright crater at the tip ofthe highland peninsula is Secchi 0, lo-cated in the eastern portion of MareTranquillitatis. Th e highest point on thispeninsula is approximately 1300 m abovethe mare floor. A pronounced gouge inthe mare surface is evident at the left,and numerous craters are grouped to-gethe r in a variety of formations.

APQLLO 10 AS10-31-4528

Left:This is a near-vertical view of thesouthern edge of Mare Tranqu illi tati s.The semicircular feature in the upperleft corner is Maskelyne D, a significantlandmark on the approach to Tranquil-ity Base. Maskelyne D is sometimes re-ferred to as "Bob's Bend"; similarly, thepeninsular-shaped landmass has been re-ferred to as "Barbara Mesa." These areoperational nicknames given to distinc-tive or un usual landmarks by the Apollo10 astronauts.


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APOLLO 10 AS10-31-4546Th e sharply defined crater at right center is Theo n Senior (Greekastronomer, ca. A.ID. loo), approximately 6 miles in diameter. At the upperleft, a portion of the crater De lambre (French astronomer, 1749-1822)can be seen. This highland area is located west of Mare Tranqu illi tati s.


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Above: This 40-mile-diameter crater is Taruntius,located in Mare Fecunditatis. The smaller, brightcrater on the rim is Taruntius C. Taruntius hasa central peak, terracing, and some interestingarcuate rilles near the center.Left: The hook-shaped feature in this view isthe ring crater Maskelyne F. From the appear-ance, Maskelyne F is probably a very old craterthat was formed before Mare Tranquillitatiswas fully developed and had achieved its pres-ent level.

APOLLO 10 ASIO-314580


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This kicw provides an indication of the size of Rima Hypatia I. Justbeyond the crater Moltke (center) the rille forks; one branch con tinuesthrough the mare and the other branch crosses the highlands that markthe southern boundary of Mare Tranquillitatis.


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APOLLO 10 AS10-31-4521Above : A parallel rille pattern is the outstandingfeatu re of this obliq ue view of th e southwestern por-tion of Mare Tranquillitatis. Th e broad rille at leftis Rima Hypatia I, and the rille passing through thecenter of the area is Rima Hypatia 11. At the topleft is the crater Hypatia E.

Right: Th e large crater in the center of the photo-graph is Arago. Arago is located in the western por-tion of Mare Tranquillitatis and is approximately18 miles in diameter. Terracing, characteristic ofmany lunar craters, is evident in Arago.

APOLLO 10


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APOLLO 10l ' h e broad linear rille in this unusual oblique view is Rima Ariadaeus,which is approximately 3 miles wide. Th e large crater below t he rille isSilberschlag (German astrono mer, 1721-91), which is approximately 9miles in diameter. As can be seen from the photograph, the rille crossesa variety of terrain (rangi ng from mare to high land surfaces).


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APOLLO 10 AS10-31-4647Th e large crater at center is Godin (F ie ~~ chxplorer and mathematician,1704-60). This crater, which is approximately 27 miles in diameter,is located in the highland region that sepalates Mare Tranquillitatisfrom Sinus Medii.


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APOLLO 10The large crater in this far-side oblique photograph is approximately60 miles in diameter. Of particular interest are the crater chains occurringin the Boor of this crater and in the rough area at top center. Tw oother large craters can be seen near the horizon at top left and top right.


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Right: Th e large crater in the center of this far-sideoblique photograph is approximately 5 miles indiameter. A small crater is located on the rim of thelarge crater, while a crater chain runs tangentiallyto the rim opposite the side on which the smallcrater is located. At the top of the ph otograph arerugged highlands that mark the edge of the far-sidebasin in which these craters are located.

APOLLO 10 AS10-31-4655

Top right: Th e large crater at the top of this viewis approximately 25 miles in diameter and is locatedin one of the unnamed lu nar far-side basins. Aboveand to th e right of this top crater the beginning ofa rough upland region can be seen. At the center,approximately midway between the two large craters,is a double crater with a small bright-rayed craterbelow the double crater.

APOLLO 10


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Above: Tllc flying-pan-shaped crater in this oblique photograph islocated on the oule r rim of a large, unna med, far-side crater. Th isfrying-pan-shaped crater has a relatively flat floor that has apparentlybeen subjected to fracturing.Right: A distinct crater chain can be seen running from the top to thebottom of this far-side oblique photograph . Crater chains of t he sizeshown in this photograph are rare on the lunar surface and interpreta-tions as to the ir cause (i.e., impact o r volcanism) vary. A t the centerand to the right oE the crater chain is a large, recently formed craterwith a srnallcl crater located on its outer rim.



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The two craters seen in this low-altitude oblique photograph areTheophilus (Saint and Bishop of Alexandria, ca. A.D. 412) in the centerforeground and Cyrillus (Saint, A.D. 444) on the horizon behindTheophilus. Both craters are quite large (approximately 65 miles indiameter), and both have extensive terracing of their side wallsand prominent central peaks.


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APOLLO 10 AS10-32-4734Above: The crater in the center of th is oblique view is Chladni(German physicist, 1756-1827), located a t the southern t ip ofthe highlands extending into Sinus Medii. The crater that ispartially visible at the lower right is Triesnecker (Austrianastronomer, 1745-1817). A highland mountain range is illumi-nated under the low Sun elevation and stands out against theblackness of the terminato r.Left: This near-vertical photograph of the highland regionbetween Sinus Medii and Mare Tranquillitatis shows, at bot-tom, a portion of th e large crater Lade (German selenographer,1817-1904). The smaller cra ter, inside the western rim of crate rLade, is Lade M. Godin B is at the top center. A concentrationof small craters can be seen on the upper portion of the rimof Lade.


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Th is near-vertical view shows a highland area that lies between thecrater Lade and Sinus Medii. Th e low Sun angle, which emphasizes thetopographic features of the area, clearly reveals a surface pockmarked bythousands of small craters. This view lends credibility to the hypothesisthat the lunar surface is continually bombarded by meteorites.


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Top left: Th e crater Triesnecker (Aus-trian astronomer, 1745-1817). approxi-mately 17 miles in diameter, and its as-

APGLLG 10 Aslo-32-4819 sociated network of crisscrossing rilles(the Triesnecker rilles) are located inthe northeastern por tion of Sinus Medii.Th is extensive series of rilles extendsbeyond Sinus Medii into the smoothfloor of Mare Vaporum a t upper right.Th e large crater at the edge of the high-lands above Triesnecker is Ukert (Ger-ma n h istorian, 1780-1851).Left: This oblique view is centered onSinus Medii, with the crater Hyginus(Spanish astronomer, ca. A.D. 100) an dthe sharply defined Rima Hyginus(Hyginus Rille) to the right. The craterHyginus, located where the rille makesa bend, lies near the northeast marginof Sinus Medii and is approximately6 miles in diameter. From the crater,Rima Hyginus extends east-southeasttoward Mare Tranquillitatis and north-west toward Mare Vaporum (Sea ofVapors). The rille is approximately 2miles wide and mo re than 130 mileslong. The rilles visible at center leftare the Triesnecker rilles. The craterTriesnecker is just out of view at ten-ter left.


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APOLLO 10 ASi0-32-4828Above: Th e diameter of the large crater (at upper right) in this far-side view is approximately 65 miles. T hi s crater is typical of the morerecently formed, large, far-side craters. A bright-rayed crater is locatedabove and to the left of the central peak of the large crater. In thecenter are two adjacent craters with peculiar fracture patterns in theirfloors. These peculiar patterns imply that these craters have been sub-jected to volcanic activity.Right: T h e heavy shadows, caused by the low Sun elevation, give anindica tion of the roughness of this far-side region. Th e terraces of thelarge crater at the top of the photograph are distinctly steplike inappearance.APOLLO 10 AS10-32-4823


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Top left: Th e large circular feature in the foregroundof this oblique view of Sinus Medii is the craterRhaeticus (German mathematician, 1514-76). Thesmaller crater, to the right of Rhaeticus, is RhaeticusA , while the two distinct, small craters at the rightcenter are Bruce (top) and Blagg. Th e rille at the leftof the region is Rima Oppolzer I (Austrian astronomerand physicist, 1841-86). T h e low Sun angle emphasizesthe numerous small craters in Sinus Medii, giving thelandscape a speckled appearance.

APOLLG 10 AS10-33-4947

Left: he sharply defined crater at upper left is Rhae-ticus A, which is approximately 7 miles in diameterand lies on a small rille. Th e crater Rhaeticus at lowerleft is much more poorly defined and is partially ob-scured by shadow. T h e area shown in this view islocated a t the eastern edge of Sinus Medii.


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APOLLO 10The area shown in this view is on the southern edge of Mare Tranquillitatis.The crater at top left is Moltke.Rima Hypatia I is the rille that extendsdiagonally across the photograph.The landing site for Apollo 11 isapproximately 15 n. mi. northwestof this area.


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APOLLO 10This isa high-oblique view of a portion of Mare Crisium and the adjoininghighland. Mare Crisium is the dark mare in the upper right of thephotograph, and the crater Picard (French astronomer, 1620-82) is themost prominent feature visible in that mare.


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APOLLO 10 ASIO-34-5129id crater, located in Mare Spumans (Foaminga), has a very bright ray structure. It is generally believedrilliant ray patterns are associated with craterseen formed relatively recently.

Left: Th e largest crater in this view of a part of MareTranquillitatis, a t left center, measures approximately 1%miles in diameter and is 13 miles southeast of a proposedApollo program touchdown point. The small crater on itsrim is used as a navigation landmark.AS10-34-5150


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APOLLO 10 AS10-34-5136

AS10365145Top: Th e large bright crater in the center of this view of Mare Fecunditatis is TaruntiusH. This crater, approximately 8 miles in diameter, appears very bright at high Sunelevations. Tonal variations can be detected on the crater slopes.Above: Th e large crater at upper right is Taruntius F, approximately 9 miles in diam-eter and located in the eastern portion of Mare Tranquillitatis. Th e texture of thecrater walls is clearly visible in this view. At lower center are several hummockyfeatures.


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This is the crater Ritter (Germangeographer,1779-1859), located on thewestern edge of Mare Tranquillitatisandapproximately 18miles indiameter.The interior floor of Ritter showssharp fracturelikelineaments,which are emphasized by the heavy shadowscastat low Sun elevations.


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APOLLO 10This is the crater Schmidt (German selenographer, 1825-84), located a tthe western edge of Mare Tranquillitatis, south of crater Ritter and westof Sabine, and approximately 10 miles in diameter. Th emost notablefeatures of Schmidt are the sharp rim, ray pattern , relatively rough floor,ahd surrounding hummocky terrain. Numerous boulders, easily resolvableon a photograph of this scale and quality, can be seen in the areasurrounding the crater and on the crater floor. Most of these bouldersrange in size from 68 to 122m.


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APOLLO 10This view shows a portion of the highlands between Mare Tranquillitatisand Sinus Medii. The crater at right center is Godin D. The rough terrainof the highlands area is evident under the low Sun elevation.


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APOThe large crater in this lunar far-side view is approximately 100 milesin diameter. Terracing and a prominent central peak are evident. Therelief, contrasted against the black sky,shows the ruggedness of thesurrounding terrain.


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The Apollo 11lunar module Eagle is shown as it appeared followingseparation from the command module. Separation was performed inpreparation for the descent to the lunar surface. The rods protruding fromthe footpads are touchdown sensors that shut off the descent engineautomatically when contact is made with the lunar surface.


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APQLLO QI AS11-37-5447

Top left: In this view, the command module, locatedjust right of center, nearly blends into the backgroundthat shows the surface of Mare Tranquil litatis . Moltkeis the large crater at lower right, and Rima Hypatia Icrosses the area in the lower left corner of this photo-graph.Left: In this photograph, the command module is atthe southeast rim of the crater Schmidt (top center).Portions of craters Sabine ( top right) and Ritter(above and to the left of Sabine) are also visible. Almostthe entire spectrum of lunar features can be seen inthis view: smooth mare, rugged highlands, large andsmall craters. and well-defined rilles.


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APOLLO 11 AS11-37-5437This westward-looking low-oblique view is centered approximately onTranquility Base, which is located at the terminator. The major crater inthe lower right foreground is Maskelyne, with Maskelyne B just above.Torricelli C (Italian physicist, 1608-47) is the crater above the shadow ofthe lunar module thrustor nozzle on the left side of the photograph; andMoltke lies near the center of the photograph, near the terminator andjust to the right of Rima Hypatia.


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To p right: This view was taken before the Apollo 11astronauts began their extravehicular activity. The areanearby is pockmarked with many small craters, andnumerous boulders are strewn about the surface. Notethe coarse, granular texture of the lunar surface.Right: Looking southwest from Tranquility Base, thelunar surface appears relatively smooth, even under alow Sun elevation. T he large crater has smooth undula-tions and the gentle rim lines that are associated witholder craters. However, some of the minute craters seenare steep-walled and covered with small pebbles, featureswhich perhaps denote a more recent origin.

APOLLO 11


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was bent slightly,giving the flag the appearance of being unfurled in abreeze. In the center background is the television camera mounted onits stand; the connectingcable can be seen at center foreground.Thesurface around the flagand the television camera hasbeen disturbed bythe footprintsof the first men on the Moon,and the imprintsof thecleatedsoles of the astronaut's boots are clearly evident.


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APOLLO 11 AS11-37-5549Above: This southern exposure from the lunar moduleshows the passive seismicexperiment package (left) andthe laser-ranging retroreflector experiment (right) de-ployed on the lunar surface. Many flat-rimmed craterspockmark the lunar surface as far into the distance asthe eye and the camera lens can discern.Left: In this view, the camera is looking toward thesoutheast,and a portion of the lunar:module stands outclearly against the lunar terrain in the background.Three of the four legs of the lunar module had slendermetallic breakaway probes that penetrated the lunarembedded immediately behind the lunar module leg.The bag in the foreground was used for equipmentsurface at touchdown. One of these probes can be seen I

transfer between .the spacecraft and the lunar surface.

APOLLO 11

90


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Right: AstronautEdwin E. (Buzz) Aldrin, Jr., descends the ladder of thelunar module to the lunar surface for the first time.Below: Astronaut Aldrin stands near the American flag. Footprints andthe television camera cable are visible in the foreground.APOLLO 11 AS11-40-5875 APOLLO 11


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APOLLO 11 ASll-40-5877Top : This almost-perfect outline of the traction cleats on the astro-nauts' boots implies that the lunar soil has a very fine texture. Amore coarse material would not have permitted the appearanceof such a fine detail.Above: This overhead view shows a detailed section of the lunarsurface and the amount of compaction caused by the weight of aman.


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APOLLO 11 AS11-40-5885

APOLLO 11 AS11-40-58Top: T o the right of the center, the television camera keeps a lonely vigil on man'sfirst activities on the l unar surface. Th e paths made by the astronauts have uncovereda por t i~nf the lu nar surface that is darker than the undisturbed surrounding region.Above: This view looks south across a portion of the r im of a 120-ft-diameter crater.Th e interior slopes of this crater are strewn with rocks and boulders. T he intenseblackness of shadows on the lun ar surface can be seen from the shadows cast by thecrater rim in the foreground of this photograph.


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APOLLO 11 ASll-40-5902Astronaut Aldrin stands looking at the lunarmodule at TranquilityBase.The lack of a pronouncedfootpad imprintdemonstrates theoverallfirmnessof the surface.The scuffedfootprintsshow the extremelyfinegranular texture of the lunar soil.


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IA~VLLU ILThe image of astronaut Neil Armstrong photographing astronaut Aldrin isclearly seen in the reflections on the helmet visor of astronaut Aldrin.Astronaut Armstrong, the lunar module, and the shadow castby Aldrinare mirrored in the reflection.


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APOLLO 11 ASll-40-5921rnbove: In this view, the lunar surface beneath the de-scent engine nozzle (top center) is shown. The area hasbeen swept dean of loose, unconsolidated material bythe endne exhaust. Small radial striations emanateout--.ward f;om the exhaustcenter, indicating the path taken - . _ - - .. - -.. - * -.by the expelled surface material. . ---- * , + -.. ., % - - - --r 4-- ?+ I :;. "r.Right:A small duster of rocks, some smooth and others . - '* -, -. . 1 - : . 4 4 , . - . , ,- . -.".+, . .a".+.:, 4~sharply angular, can be seen near the center of the land- Sd - 7 .+- /

% L'. - . - *.sfit?--

scape. The television camera mounted on its stand and .. . .. . .the power cable leading from the camera to the lunar -- .- ':F. . - - .module are seen in the background. A crater is at top . . -..

.rC >right on the horizon. . . ,- *L - - -. --'. .*-*'=.& 1 .-* - . ..I" 7- - .- 4 5 : . -" , . .J> --.' . '- . a. .y. . . . .. . .


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Top right: Loose surface material disturbed bythe lunar module footpad can be seen piled alongthe left side of the footpad. Penetration of thefootpad into the lunar surface appears to havebeen minimal. The gold foil wrapping seen onthis and other portions of the lunar module is athermal barrier designed to protect the spacecraftfrom excessive heat.Right: This photograph shows the seismometerand the laser-ranging retroreflector being re-moved from the storage compartment in the de-scent stage. These are part of the Early ApolloScientific Experiments Package (EASEP), whichis deployed on the lunar surface to send dataabout tlie lunar environment back to the Earth.

APOLLO 11


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Astronaut Aldrin is shown in this view deploying th e seismometer and th e laser-ranging retroreflector.


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APOLLO 11

Left:This view shows Tranquility Base and the arrangement of thescientific experiments. From left to right are the television camera, theAmerican flag, the laser-ranging retroreflector, and the stereoscopiccamera. The lunar seismic er&ime nt equipment is visible in the fore-ground.Below: Astronaut Aldrin is deploying the solar panels of the passiveseismic experiment package. The laser-ranging retroreflector has al-ready been deployed in the background. To the right of the laser-ranging retroreflector and in front of the lunar module is the stereocamera. On the horizon, just left of center, the television camera isvisible.

ASll-40-5Y30

APOLLO 11

100


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APOLLO 11This is a closeup view of the laser-ranging retroreflector experiment.The purpose of this experiment is to reflect back to Earth the laser beamsdirected at the reflector from Earth. From data obtained from thisexperiment, more precise Earth-to-Moon distances can be determined.


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To$ ight: In this view of the central por-tion of a 128ft-diameter crater, a con-centration of rubble and large debris canbe seen. This is probably material thatwas not ejected during the crater-forma-

Right: This v h f the western portionof the 120-ft-diameter crater kthows afairly large crater at left center on theedge of the rim. Two other matem of con-siderable size are also visible; one crater isjust inside the rim at top center, and theother crater is at top left outdde the rim.In the foreground is the stefeo camera.




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APOLLO 11Hbre, a core sample tube is being pounded into the lunar surface byastronaut Aldrin. Next to the core sample tube is the mast that is holdingthe solar-wind foil panel. The television camera is at the upper left.


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APOLLO r rThis is the plaque that was left on the Moon proclaiming that the Apollo11 astronauts "came in peace for all mankind."

APOLLO 11This panorama was taken from the lunar module before extravehicularactivity was begun.

PanoramaA

YPanoramaAPOLLO 11

This panorama was taken from the lunar module after the historic "Moonwalk."


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APOLLO 11 Panorama BThis panorama was taken looking east from the lunar surface.

APOLLO 11This panorama, taken from the lunar surface, shows the large crater thatwas approximately 20 ft east of the lunar module.

Panorama B


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APOLLO 11 PanoramaCThis panorama was taken looking northwest from the lunarsurface.

APOLLO 11This panorama was taken looking north from the lunar surface.

APOLLO 11 PanoramaCThis panorama was taken looking south from thelunar surface.

Panorama C


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APPENDlX APHOTOGRAPHIC INDEXES


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APOLLO 8

~ h o t 6overageIn darkness

Frame no. Description

AS8-12-2052 Keyhole-shaped crater-----,,--.2148 Far-side basin- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .2169 Mare Smythii----------------.2189 Humboldt and Langrenus------.2192 Mare Australe--,------------.2193 EIumboldt --------------------2196 Tsiolkovsky------,------,----.2203 Langrenus-----,-------------.2209 Joliot-Curie- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .

AS8-13-2220 Mare Fecunditatis and Bellot- - - -2225 Goclenius--------------------.2228 Lubbock D nd Gutenberg Rilles-2243 Fracastorius and Daguerre-- - - - -2269 Behaim2271 Taruntius F -------------------2279 Maskelyne F -----------------2314 Far-side terminator- - - - - - - - - - - -2344 Rima Cauchy-----------------2347 Vitruvius-- - - -----------------

ASS-14-2383 Earthrise---,-----------------2399 Far-side basin-----------------2401 Far-side basin- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -2409 Far-side basin- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .2410 Far-side basin------,-,-------,2412 Far-side basin- - - -

AS8-14-2420 Far-side crater- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -2423 Far-side crater-,---------------2433 Far side, central highland-- - - - - -2439 Far-side craters---------,,---,-2442 Far side, ad.jacent-walled craters-,2451 Tsiolkovsky- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -2453 Farside--,,-------------,-- -2485 Lunardisk-- - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , -

ASS-16-2616 Langrenus----,--.,---- -

Principal point Focallength,mm8080808025025025025025080808080808080808080250250250250250250250250250250250250250250250

Longitude157 W106 E90 E72 E100 E90 E130 E68 E100 E49 E45 E38 E35 E79 E40 E35 E150 W

Latitude5 S10 S8 S26 S40 S27 S21 S9 S24 N12 S11 S6 S15 S18 S4 N4 N12 S

On horizonIn space

Lo wX

XXXXX

XXXXX

XXXXX

High

XX

XXX

X

XXXX

155 W156 W162 W163 W165 W175 W180 W161 E150 E137 E128 E113E

61 E

Pagtno.

677889910111213141516161717181927202021222222232424252626328

ViewVerticalXXX

X

XXXX

XX

Sun angleMedium

XX

X

X

XXX

X

3 S3 S4 S6 S7 S10 S8 S10 S12 S12 S21 S1 2 s

9 S

Oblique

XXXX

XXXXXXXXXXXX

X

XXXXX

X


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Apollo 8-Concluded

Frame no. Descrip tion

Far-side craters- - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - 157 WFar-side crater------,----------62 WFar-side crater chain----------.66 WKeyhole-shaped crater- - - - - ----.. 170 WFar-side crater- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 170 EFar-side crater- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 164 EFar-side crater- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 127 EFar-side crater..-- -- - - - - - - - - --- 110 EFar-side craters- - - - - - - -- - - - _ _ _ . 93 ESouth of Mare Smythii- - -----_.1 EMare Tranquillitatis and Mare

Fecunditatis

Focallength,mm


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APOLLO 10

LPhoto coverageIn darkness

Frame no. Desctiption

AS10-27-3873 Command module--------,----3905 Sinus Medii-------------------3907 Sinus Medii---------_---------3915 Mare Smythii-----------------3929 Mare Smythii and Mare

Moscoviense3955 Moon - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

AS10-28-4012 Far-side crater-----------------4013 Far-side crater-----------------4035 Mashlyne T ------------------4040 Censorinus--,---,-------------4052 Tranquility Base4067 Far-side crater-----------------4106 Far-side craters----------------

AS10-29-4180 Far-side craters----------------4183 Far-side crater-----------------4189 Far-side crater-----------------4205 Far-side craters-- - -------------4224 Far-side crater4226 Eastern limb-----------------,4230 Mare Smythii-----------------4253 Messier B---,-----------------4256 Messier craters----------------4261 SecchiK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4265 Secchi U A----------,---,-,---4276 Mare Tranquillitatis - - - - - - - - - -4312 Mare Tranquillitatis - - - -

AS10-29-4324 Moltke.......................m10-30-4356 Far-side crater-----------------

4371 Far-side craters-------,--------4372 Far-side ray crater- - - - - - - - - - - - -4426 Taruntius A ---------------- - -4450 RimaAriadaeusA,----,-,----,-

PrincipalLongitude85 E4 E1 E

88 E

123 E124 E37 E32 E26 E172 E133 W149 E142 E139 E119 E100 E97 E81 E48 E47 E45 E42 E38 E25 E24 E119 E107 E100 E50 E17 E

Focallength,mm250250250250250

25025025080808080808080808080808080808080808080250250250250250

pointLatitude01 N1 N3 S

5 S3 S001 N01 N7 S2 N2 N03 N1 N1 S1 S3 S000004 N04 N7 N5 N

HighX

X

XX

XXXXXXXX

X

Pageno.

36373754

33838393939404141424243434445464647484950505152535455

Sun angleMedium

XXX

X

XXXXXXXXXXX

ViewLow

XX

Vertical ObliqueXXX

TE ITE ITE I

XXXX

XX

X

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX


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Apollo 70- Concluded

Frame no. Desniption Focallength:m mAS10-31-4506 MareFecunditatis ------------.6 E 2 N

4512 Taruntius G- - - - - - ----------.0 E 1 N4528 Maskelyne D-----------------.3 E 2 N4546 Theon Senior- - - - - - - - -----__-. 16 E 04566 Taruntius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- - - - 46 E 6 N4580 Maskelyne F----------------- .5 E 4 N4601 Moltke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 E 1 S4621 Rima Hypatia I and 11--------.2 E 04630 Arago- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 22 E 6 N4646 Rima Ariadaeus- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13 E 7 N4647 Godin- - - - - -- - - - - - - -- - - - 11 E 2 N4654 Far-side crater- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .64 E 10 N4665 Far-side basin- - - - - ---------_-. 143 E 7 N4673 Far-side basin- - - - - - - - - - - - - -__. 140 E 7 N

AS10-32-4716 Theophilus- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .5 E 12 S4734 Chladni 1 E 4 N4771 Lade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 E 04774 Highlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 E 04813 Hyginus---------------------.E 8 N4819 Triesnecker-- - - - -------------. E 5 N

AS10-32-4823 Far-side craters - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .62 E 10 S4828 Far-side crater -------------___. 146 E 4 S4856 Rhaeticus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 E 0

AS10-33-4914 Far-side crater chain- - - - - - - - --. 139 E 7 N4947 Rhaeticus A------------------.E 1 N4975 Far-side crater - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 139 E 6 S4999 Mare Smythii- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 82 E 1 SAS10-34-5014 Earth- - - - - - - - - ---- - - - - - - - --. In space5073 Rima Hypatia I--------------.4 E 1 S5081 Neper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 E 4 N5096 Picard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 E 11 N5099 Mare Tranquillitatis 27 E 1 N5129 Mare Spumans- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 64 E 1 N5136 Taruntius H - - - - - - - -- - ------. 50 E 05145 Taruntius F- -----------------.0 E 3 N5150 Mare Tranquillitatis- - - - - - - - - - .5 E 2 N5152 Maskelyne X - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .7 E 1 N5153 Maskelyne G- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 27 E 1 N5160 Ritter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 E 2 N5162 Schmidt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 E 1 N5167 GodinD - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ . 8 E 2 N5171 Far-side crater - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 161 E 5 S5172 Far-side crater - - - - - - - - - - - - ___ . 158 E 6 S5173 Far-side craters-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 157 E 9 S

-igh Sun angleMedium View Pageno.


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APOLLO 11

Frame no. Descrtjtion

AS11-37-5437 Tranquility Base- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -5447 Moltke and command module- - .5448 Command module above

Schmidt5456 Tranquility Base before extra-

vehicular activity5459 Southwest from Tranquility

Base5517 U.S. flag and television camera--5549 Seismicand laser experiments--- -

ASll-38-5602 Messier A - - - - - - -AS11-40-5850 LM footpad-- -- --- - - - - - -- - -5868 Aldrinonladder---------------5875 Aldrin near U.S. lag- ----------5877 Astronaut's bootprint- - ------- - -5880 Astronaut's boot---------------5885 Television camera and footprints-5890 Across 120-ft-diametercrater- -- -5899 Plaque--------------------,--5902 Astronaut facing LM -----------5903 Reflections on astronaut visor-- - -5907 Television camera and horizon- - -5921 Descent engine nozzle- - - - - ----

ASll-40-5926 LMfootpad-------------------5927 Removal of seismic and laser

experiments5932 Lunar landscape---------------5944 Aldrin with lunar experiments-- -5945 Aldrin deployingexperiments----5947 Aldrin placing seismic experi-

men5950 Tranquility Base--,,---,-,---5952 Laser reflector,, ,-,,,,,,,,,,,,

' PrinctjalLongitude24 E23 E18 E

47 E

Focallength,mm808080808080808060606060606060606060606060

606060606060

pointLatitude000

2 S

HighPageno.

878686888889904790919192929393

104949596969797989899

100100101

ViewVertical

XX

Sun angleMedium Oblique

X

X

LowXXX

X

X

X


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Apollo I I-Concluded

5956 Central portion of 120-ft-diameter crater

5958 Western portion of 120-ft-diameter crater

5963 Aldrin driving core sampler - - - -AS1 1-44-6581 LM preparing descent- - - - -- - ..

6623 LM preparing to rendezvous---.6643 LM preparing for docking- - - --.

Frame no. Descriptio n

Panorama A - -- -Panoramas from the LM------..Panorama B_ - -Panoramas from the surface-- - -Panorama C _._-Panoramas from the surface- - - -

-ocallength,m m-

06060808080

Princz$al point su n angle I viewLongitude

Pageno.Latitud,


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APPENDIX BCREW AND LAUNCH PHOTOGRAPHS


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Apollo 8 crew (from left to right):William A. Anders,James A. Lovell, and Frank Borman.

Apollo 10 aew (from left to right): EugeneA. Geman, ohnW.Young, and Thomas P. Stafford.

Apollo 11 crew (from left to rigfit):Neil A. Annstrong, Michael Callins, and Edwin E.Aldrin. Jr.


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To the Moon. S-69-19268

rt U. 5. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1 1911 0 418-258


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