Lumpy Skin Disease,May 2015 Issue of Microbioz India

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DDear readers Microbioz India, I would like to say thanks to all of our readers supporters and more as our team members who appreciate me well in continuing of Microbioz India, monthly official publication. Microbioz India, May 2015 issue of magazines, cover story of magazines featured by a very fastest growing and one of the most common disease in South Africa and Iraq entitled LUMPY SKIN DISEASES: TOURIST DOES NOT REST the cover story is prepared by Dr.Moslim Dhaher Musa,Ph.D ( Author & Editor of Microbioz India).

The clinical syndrome of lumpy skin disease (LSD) was first described in Zambia (formerly Northern Rhodesia) in 1929. Initially, it was considered to be the result either of poisoning or a hypersensitivity to insect bites. Between 1943 and 1945, cases occurred in Botswana (Bechuanaland), Zimbabwe (Southern Rhodesia) and the Republic of South Africa. The infectious nature of the disease was recognized at this time. A panzootic in South Africa, which lasted until 1949, affected some eight million cattle and consequently incurred enormous economic losses (Thomas and Mare, 1945; von Backstrom, 1945; Diesel, 1949) .LSD, was first identified in East Africa in Kenya in 1957 and the Sudan in 1972 and in West Africa in 1974, spreading into Somalia in 1983. From 1929 to 1986 the disease was restricted to countries in sub-Saharan Africa, although its potential to extend beyond this range had been suggested (Davies, 1981).In May 1988, LSD was recognized clinically in the Suez Governorate of Egypt, where it was thought to have arrived at the local quarantine station with cattle imported from-Africa. The disease spread locally in the summer of 1988 and apparently overwintered with little or no manifestation of clinical disease. It reappeared in the summer of 1989 and, in a period of five to six months, spread to 22 of the 26 governorates of Egypt. A rapid reaction to the problem led to the vaccination of nearly two million cattle with a sheep pox vaccine. Morbidity in this epizootic was low, being 2 percent of the whole cattle population. Approximately 1449 animals died. (Source: FAO, CORPORATE, DOCUMENT REPOSITORY)

As we did in our earlier issue, in May 2015 issue of Magazines we would like to introduce you all with Dr.Muslim Dhaher Musa, Ph.D

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Contents Cover Story:

Lumpy Skin Disease: Tourist does not rest

Since last few issue of Microbioz India,Magazines,we started to provide Information about Bio-Tech & Pharma buisness updates

Microbioz India,Magazine this issue has a huge collection of Recent Research news Information Collected from world wide sources.

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Scientist talk: As we did in our earlier issue, in May 2015 Issue we are going to introduce you all with Dr.Muslim Dhaher Musa, Ph.D from Nasiriya Iraq

Microbiology Cross word: Must play Microbioz India May 2015 Issue of Cross word game and see the list of winners of April 2015 Issue.

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Cover Story

LUMPY TSKIN DISEASES ourist who does not rest

LLumpy Skin Disease (LSD) Causes considerable economic losses due to emaciation, damage to hides, infertility, mastitis, loss of milk production, and mortality of up to 20%. The severity of clinical signs of LSD depends on the strain of capripoxvirus and the host cattle breed [5].

The disease affects cattle and tends to be more severe in milking cows in the peak of lactation and in young animals [6]. Animals which show disease clinically, there is febrile reaction that may exceed 41 C. fever may last for varying periods ranging from 4-14 days. Depression, disinclination to move, loss of apptit , increase saliva secretion, and a nasal discharge, which may be mucoid or mucopurulent also exist . The superficial lymph nodes, especially prescapular, precrural and subparotid, are usually markedly enlarged [7].

The virus was isolated from arthropod vectors and the role of vectors in transmission of the virus was experimentally confirmed , Epidemiological evidence suggests that, outbreaks of LSD were highly associated with prevalence of high insect vectors population and with upcoming of rainy season[8].

-Dr.Muslim Dhaher Musa,Ph.D

E-mail: [email protected]

Cover Story

Lumpy Skin Disease TOURIST DOES NOT REST

L umpy Skin Disease (LSD, Pseudo-urticaria, Neethling virus disease, exanthema nodularis bovis and knopvelsiekte) is one of the most economically significant trans-border, emerging viral diseases. It is currently endemic in most Africa countries and expanded to Middle East region [1]. The disease ,characterized by fever, nodules on the skin, lesions in the mouth, pharynx and respiratory tract, emaciation, enlarged lymph nodes, oedema of the skin, and sometimes death[2]. LSD caused by prototype strain of Neethling virus and belongs to genus Capripoxvirus within Poxviridae family the genus include, Sheeppoxvirus (SPV), Goatpoxvirus (GPV) and Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) [3]. LSD has a partially different geographical distribution from sheep and goat pox, suggesting that cattle strains of capripoxvirus do not infect and transmit between sheep and goats [4], although All the viruses in the Capripoxvirus genus share a common major antigen for neutralizing antibodies and it is thus not possible to distinguish strains of capripoxvirus from cattle, sheep or goats using serological techniques.

LSD Causes considerable economic losses due to emaciation, damage to hides, infertility, mastitis, loss of milk production, and mortality of up to 20%. The severity of clinical signs of LSD depends on the strain of capripoxvirus and the host cattle breed [5].

The disease affects cattle and tends to be more severe in milking cows in the peak of lactation and in young animals [6]. Animals which show disease clinically, there is febrile reaction that may exceed 41 C. fever may last for varying periods ranging from 4-14 days. Depression, disinclination to move, loss of apptit , increase saliva secretion , and a nasal discharge, which may be mucoid or mucopurulent also exist . The superficial lymph nodes, especially prescapular, precrural and subparotid, are usually markedly enlarged [7].

The virus was isolated from arthropod vectors and the role of vectors in transmission of the virus was experimentally confirmed , Epidemiological evidence suggests that, outbreaks of LSD were highly associated with prevalence of high insect vectors population and with upcoming of rainy season[8].

I would like to comment on article published by Eeva Tuppurainen, Chris Oura in Veterinary Record 2014 as they attribute the transmission of LSD from Africa to Europe occur from Iraq and Syria as result of (veterinary service collapse),

I can guarantee that LSD has been recorded in Iraq recently and no animal importation has been associated with disease and veterinary services use Sheep poxvirus vaccine and succeed to relatively stop the disease distribution at least in south of Iraq.

The story of lumpy skin disease began in Zambia 1929, it was considered to be the result either of poisoning or a hypersensitivity to insect bites[9].Between 1943 and 1945,occurred in Botswana, Zimbabwe and the Republic of South Africa, 1970 reach Sudan ,1974 in Nigeria, 1977 ,Mali and Liberia, 1980 in Tanzania , Kenya , and Somalia , 1988 in Egypt then 1989 Israel ,in Kuwait 1991,in Lebanon 1993, Yemen 1995,U.A.E in 2000 and in Saudi Arabia reported in 1992 but not confirmed[9]the disease became recognized in Middle East during 2006,2007 until now a days , more recently in Iraq although there is no epidemiological data obtained from Iraq but the disease effect cattle in south of Iraq such as Basrah , Thi-Qar ,Hilla provinces

MICROBIOZ INDIA www.microbiozindia.com May 2015 Issue 08

Disease Symptoms

Lumpy skin disease is an infectious, eruptive, occasionally fatal disease of cattle characterized by nodules on the skin and other

parts of the body. Secondary bacterial infection often aggravates the condition. The causal virus is related to that of sheep pox.

The prototype strain is known as the Neethling poxvirus. Lumpy skin disease appears epidemically or sporadically. Frequently,

new foci of infection appear in areas far removed from the initial outbreak. A subcutaneous injection of infected material produces a painful swelling and then fever, lacrimation, nasal discharge, and hypersalivation, followed by the characteristic

eruptions on the skin and other parts of the body in ~50% of susceptible cattle. The incubation period is 414 days. The nodules

are well circumscribed, round, slightly raised, firm, and painful and involve the entire cutis and the mucosa of the GI, respiratory,

and genital tracts. Nodules may develop on the muzzle and within the nasal and buccal mucous membranes. The skin nodules

contain a firm, creamy-gray or yellow mass of tissue. Regional lymph nodes are swollen, and edema develops in the udder,

brisket, and legs. Secondary infection sometimes occurs and causes extensive suppuration and sloughing; as a result, the animal

may become extremely emaciated, and euthanasia may be warranted.

By reviewing the continues movement of disease one could conclude the disease my reach Europe in near future , in this respect

I would like to comment on article published by Eeva Tuppurainen, Chris Oura in Veterinary Record 2014 as they attribute the

transmission of LSD from Africa to Europe occur from Iraq and Syria as result of (veterinary service collapse), I can guarantee

that LSD has been recorded in Iraq recently and no animal importation has been associated with disease and veterinary services

use Sheep poxvirus vaccine and succeed to relatively stop the disease distribution at least in south of Iraq.

Cover Story

Cattles showing the symptoms of Lumpy Skin Disease


But by personal communication with Prof Kamal AL-Saad (professor in internal medicine in veterinary college of Basrah

University ) he suggest that LSDV has recently to Iraq through illegal introduction of asymptomatically infected cattle from Syria

, but the Iraqi-Syrian border considered as conflict zone since two years ago so It is hard to believe that illegal transportation

through these border . As mentioned in many articles the disease transmission occur in to common ways even through

movement of infected animals or through mechanical vectors.

The mechanical spread of the LSD virus has mainly associated with flying insects and all the possible clue confirms the field

observations that epidemics of LSD occur at periods of greatest biting insect activity[9]. I suggest similar scenario has been

occur in transmission of disease from Egypt to Israel which was thought that the transmission occur via wind-borne mode of

transmission via the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) from disease foci in Egypt was suspected. This is based on no animals

imported to Iraq from neighboring countries. The possibility of introduction of LSD to Iraq through insect vector is less since;

vector-borne transmission of LSD is efficient only if it occurs in the short interval between the feeding event on the infected

animal and the feeding event on the next susceptible host. The plausible cause for transmission of the disease as indicated by

[7] that the transmission over long distance occur through movement of infected by asymptomatic animals through borders.

Finally this assay has attempt to discuss the possible ways that contribute to introduce the disease to Iraq. But still

epidemiological information, strain virulence need to be studied of LSDV isolated from Iraq.

Acknowledgement Special thank to Dr. Kamal Saad for his co-operation and provide me with some pictures of clinically infected cattle .

References Tuppurainen, E. S. M and Oura. C. A. L., (2011). Review: Lumpy Skin Disease: An Emerging Threat to Europe, the Middle

East and Asia, Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, Surrey, UK. World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) (2010). Lumpy skin disease. In Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for

Terrestrial Animals. OIE, Paris, 113. Available at: www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahm/2.04.14_LS D.pdf (accessed on 5 August 2014).

Buller,R.M;Arif,B.M;Black,K.R;Dumbell and Esposito,J.J(2005)Family Poxviridae.In virus Taxonomy :classification and nomenclature of viruses : eight report of International committee on taxonomy of viruses ,Fauquest ,C.M,Mayo,M.A;Maniloff,U.Desselberger and Ball,L.A (Eds).2nd edn .Academic Press .San Diego,ISBN-13 : 9780122499517,pp117-188.

OIE . 2010. OIE Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals . Lumpy skin disease. Chapter2. 4. 14. pp768-778.

Anonymous D. (1988). Lumpy skin disease.Vol.1.No.l, Paris: O.I.E. Disease Information Gari G, Bonnet P, Roger F and Waret-Szkuta A, 2011. Epidemiological aspects and financial impact of lumpy skin disease in

Ethiopia. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 102, 274-283. EFSA (2015) Scientific Opinion on lumpy skin disease. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy, EFSA Journal

2015;13(1):3986 Birhanu. H; Gezahign. A, and Nuru. S (2015). Epidemiology, Economic Importance and Control Techniques of Lumpy Skin

Diseases. Animal and Veterinary Sciences; 3(2): 58-66 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/avs) Tuppurainen, E. S. M and Oura, C. A. L.(2011). Review: Lumpy Skin Disease: An Emerging Threat to Europe,the Middle

East and Asia. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases,59 pp 40-48 Al-Salihi, K. A(2014). Lumpy Skin disease: Review of literature. MRVSA 3(3), 6-23 http://mirrorofresearchinveterinarysciencesandanimals.com/

Cover Story


Research News

Swine Farming is a risk factor for drug resistant Staph, Recent Study Suggests

Story Source: University of Lowa

Written by: Debra Venzke

Hogs being fed in an Iowa hog lot. Photo by Lynn Betts, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service.

Swine farmers are more likely to carry multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S.

aureus or staph) than people without current

swine exposure, according to a study conducted

by a team of researchers from the University of

Iowa, Kent State University, and the National

Cancer Institute. The study, published online in

the journal Clinical Infectious Diseases, is the

largest prospective examination of S.

aureus infection in a group of livestock workers

worldwide, and the first such study in the

United States. S. aureus is a type of bacteria

commonly found on the skin as well as in the

noses and throats of people and animals. About

30 percent of the U.S. population carries these

bacteria, which can cause a range of skin and

soft tissue infections. Although most infections

are minor, S. aureus can sometimes cause

serious infections.

Increasingly, drug-resistant strains of S. aureus are emerging, including methicillin -resistant (MRSA), tetracycline-resistant (TRSA), or multidrug-resistant (MDRSA) strains. And while previous studies have shown that certain strains of S. aureus are often associated with swine, cattle, and poultry exposure, little is known about livestock-associated staph carriage and infection in the United States. The study authors note the research helps keep farmers safe by raising awareness about a potential health issue in swine operations. S. aureus does not present an economic concern for swine farmers since pigs generally are unaffected by staph infections. S. aureus does not typically make pigs sick, but they can act as carriers and transmit the bacterium to farmers, says Tara Smith, corresponding author on the study. While carriage of S. aureus isnt itself harmful, individuals who harbor the bacterium in their nose, throat, or on their skin are at risk of developing an active staph infection, and they can also pass the bacterium to other family or community members. Individuals who may be immunocompromised, or have existing conditions such as diabetes, are especially at risk from staph infections.


For the study, the researchers followed a group of 1,342 Iowans, including individuals with livestock contact and a community-based comparison group, for 17 months. The participants were recruited from 53 of Iowas 99 counties and lived in rural areas or small towns. Nose and throat swabs were collected from participants at the beginning of the study to determine if they carried S. aureus. Participants who experienced skin infections during the study period also were assessed for S. aureus.

Overall, 26 percent of the participants carried S. aureus. However, the investigators found that farmers with livestock exposure, particularly swine exposure, were more likely to carry MDRSA, TRSA, and livestock-associated S. aureus than those who werent exposed to livestock.

Current swine workers were six times more likely to carry multidrug-resistant S. aureus than those study participants without current swine exposure, says Smith. The study is based on research that Smith, currently an associate professor at Kent State University, conducted while she was a faculty member at the UI College of Public Health.

Swine workers are also at risk of becoming infected with these organisms, Smith adds. One hundred and three potential S. aureus infections were reported, and included infections with livestock-associated strains of this bacterium.There currently is no method to prevent or eliminate carriage of S. aureus in animals or their human caretakers, meaning constant re-exposure and possibly transmission can occur between livestock and farm workers. Those workers can then pass staph to their family or community members.

Journal Reference:

Shylo E. Wardyn, Brett M. Forshey, Sarah A. Farina, Ashley E. Kates, Rajeshwari Nair, Megan K. Quick, James Y. Wu, Blake M. Hanson, Sean M. O'malley, Hannah W. Shows, Ellen M. Heywood, Laura E. Beanefreeman, Charles F. Lynch, Margaret Carrel, and Tara C. Smith. Swine Farming Is a Risk Factor for Infection With and High Prevalence of Carriage of Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clinical Infectious Diseases, April 2015 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ234

Note: For more story content go through story source.

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Research News

Many view Antarctica as a frozen wasteland. Turns out there are hidden interconnected lakes underneath its dry valleys that could sustain life and shed light on ancient climate change.

Possibilities of life under Antarctica,New research uncovers the mystery

Research News

A helicopter begins a survey with an airborne electromagnetic sensor at Bull Pass in the Wright Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys, and Antarctica.

Credit: J. Mikucki

Story Source: University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996

Many view Antarctica as a frozen wasteland. Turns out there are hidden interconnected

lakes underneath its dry valleys that could sustain life and shed light on ancient climate

change. Jill Mikucki, a UT microbiology assistant professor, was part of a team that

detected extensive salty groundwater networks in Antarctica using a novel airborne

electromagnetic mapping sensor system called SkyTEM.The research, funded by the

National Science Foundation, provides compelling evidence that the underground lakes and

brine-saturated sediments may support subsurface microbial ecosystems.

The study is published in the current edition of the journal Nature Communications. It is available through open access. The findings allow scientists to better learn how Antarctica has responded to climate change over time, said Mikucki, the studys lead author. The findings also help them understand glacial dynamics. It may change the way people think about the coastal margins of Antarctica, she said. We know there is significant saturated sediment below the surface that is likely seeping into the ocean and affecting the productivity of things that feed ocean food webs. It lends to the understanding of the flow of nutrients and how that might affect ecosystem health.


The researchers believe the newly discovered brines harbor similar microbial communities in the deep, cold dark groundwater. The brines may provide insight on how microbes survive such extreme conditions. They also may provide the basis for future exploration of a subsurface habitat on Mars. Mikucki and the international interdisciplinary team used the airborne sensor to produce extensive imagery of the subsurface of the coldest, driest desert on earth, the McMurdo Dry Valleys in Antarctica. Because a helicopter was used to make the measurements, large areas of rugged terrain could be surveyed. The team found that brines form extensive aquifers below glaciers, lakes and within permanently frozen soils.airborne sensor technology was developed at the University of Aarhus in Denmark and was used in Antarctica for the first time during this study.The team also flew the sensor over the Taylor Glacier, one of the best-studied glaciers in the world. The glacier has a unique feature known as Blood Falls, where iron-rich brine from the subsurface is released at the front of the glacier. The falls is known to harbor an active microbial community where organisms use iron and sulfur compounds for energy and growth, and in the process facilitate rock weathering.

In addition to Mikucki, co-authors on the paper include researchers from the University of California, Santa Cruz; Dartmouth College; the University of Illinois at Chicago; Louisiana State University; University of Wisconsin; Aarhus University in Denmark; and Sorbonne Universits, UPMC in France.

References

J. A. Mikucki, E. Auken, S. Tulaczyk, R. A. Virginia, C. Schamper, K. I. Srensen, P. T. Doran, H. Dugan, N. Foley. Deep groundwater and potential subsurface habitats beneath an Antarctic dry valley. Nature Communications, 2015; 6: 6831 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7831

Note : For more story information go through source,Original story is written by: Lola Alapo

Mathmatical Concepts of knowing the process,How fluid flow affects Microbes

Story Source: University of Liverpool

Many bacteria are mobile and inhabit a variety of dynamic fluid environments: from turbulent oceans to medical devices such as catheters.Mathematicians from the Universities of Liverpool and Manchester developed a new set of equations to study how flowing fluid affected the movement of bacteria and how the swimming behaviour of the bacteria themselves affected their travel.Bacteria can change their swimming direction when they encounter a chemical cue which allows them to move towards preferable environments and away from harmful chemicals.Since the first attempts at classifying bacteria in the 17th century, shape has been an important feature, yet it is still not fully understood how shape affects the ability of bacteria to navigate their environments.

Slender bacteria

The equations showed, in regions where there are strong gradients in the fluid velocity (high shear), that the majority of slender bacteria (rod-shaped bacteria), but not spherical bacteria, swim in the same direction in which the fluid is flowing.This means that slender bacteria get trapped in these high shear regions because it is too difficult for them to swim against the direction of the flow.This may negatively affect their ability to find food because they are no longer able to perform an efficient search strategy when trapped. Conversely it may positively affect their ability to colonise surfaces because they may become trapped in regions close to surfaces.

Research News


Dr Rachel Bearon, from the Department of Mathematical Sciences and lead author on the paper, said: "Our findings build on recent and surprising research which found that moving water impeded bacteria movement, which isn't what you would expect."Using a new set of mathematical equations we were able to show that this happened because of the interplay between swimming behaviour, bacterial shape, and fluid dynamics."These findings could have implications for nutrient acquisition in marine microbial ecosystems and also for the formation of biofilms formed in medical devices, as high shear is typically found at walls."The study, published in Journal of Fluid Mechanics Rapids, further explains recent research by Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) scientists which found that fluid flow reduces the ability of microbes to chase food and helps microbes to find surfaces.

References

R. N. Bearon, A. L. Hazel. The trapping in high-shear regions of slender bacteria undergoing chemotaxis in a channel. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2015; 771 DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2015.198

Note: For more information go through story source.

Research News

Researchers from the University of Liverpool have used mathematical equations to shed new light on how flowing fluid hinders the movement of bacteria in their search for food.

Many bacteria live in dynamic fluid environments such as the turbulent seawater along this coast.

Credit: Vibe Images / Fotolia


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Research News

Could smell hold the key to limiting or ending pesticide use? Story Source: Cardiff University

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Recent study suggests that group of scientist discovered the natural way of tolerating pesticides and help plant to create natural repellent to fight with pests. The team found that the smells repelled insects but in one case a reversal of behavior an attractant - was observed which raises the prospect of being able to develop a trap-and-kill device."We know that many organisms use smell to interact with members of the same species and to locate hosts of food or to avoid attack from parasites," according to the Head of the School of Chemistry, Professor Rudolf Allemann who led the research."However, the difficulty is that scientifically smell molecules are often extremely volatile, chemically unstable and expensive to re-create. This means that, until now, progress has been extremely slow in recreating smells that are similar to the original."Through the power of novel biochemical techniques we have been able to make insect repellent smell molecules which are structurally different but functionally similar to the original," he added. Professor John Pickett, FRS from Rothamsted Research said: "This is a breakthrough in rational design of smells and provides a novel way of producing a smell with different properties and potentially better ones than the original but at the same time preserving the original activity."By using alternative substrates for the enzymes involved in the ligand biosynthesis (biosynthesis of the smell) we can create the appropriate chemical space to reproduce, with a different molecular structure, the activity of the original smell."The team hope that their research could provide a new way of designing and developing small smell molecules which would be otherwise be too difficult to produce by usual scientific and commercial methods.


References:

Researchers at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) are helping to make precision medicine a reality by sequencing entire exomes of people to assess chronic disease risk and drug efficacy. The results of a study on this topic were published in Nature Genetics.

Note: Note: The above story is for information purpose the full story is available on news sources.

Research News

'Knockout humans' to connect genes to disease risk Story source: University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

For years, scientists have been using a method called "knockout mice," which allows them to study gene functions by inactivating a gene in mice and then observing how it affects the mice. Now, UTHealth researchers are using new methods to study naturally occurring "knockout humans."Rather than genetically engineer human gene mutations in the lab, UTHealth researchers scanned 8,554 exomes, the protein-encoding portion of the genome, of African Americans and European Americans in the United States for naturally occurring mutations that inactivate a certain gene. A typical human exomes has dozens of these loss-of-function gene variants."Years ago, we found a mutation that knocks out a gene that lowers your cholesterol. That turned into drugs that can help with cholesterol. That was with one gene. We are now sequencing lots of people and looking at where people are losing function from every gene in their body," said Eric Boerwinkle, Ph.D., senior author, professor and chair of the Human Genetics Center and the Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences at UTHealth School of Public Health. The study participants were part of Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC), a study conducted by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI). The group was measured for 20 phenotypes related to chronic diseases, such as serum magnesium levels, triglyceride levels, blood pressure and cholesterol. By observing how certain mutations affect health, researchers were able to identify eight new relationships between genes and diseases and confirm the already established relationship between gene variant PCSK9 and lower blood cholesterol and lower heart disease risk. A heterozygous form of gene TXNDC5 was found to be related to Type 1 Diabetes progression and elevated fasting glucose levels. A recessive form of C1QTNF8 was related to elevated serum magnesium levels and participants who had a mutation of SEPT10 had significantly reduced lung function.

Researchers at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) are helping to make precision medicine a reality by sequencing entire exomes of people to assess chronic disease risk and drug efficacy. The results of a study on this topic were published in Nature Genetics.


New antibody therapy shows promise in suppressing HIV infections, Recent Study suggests

Researcher of Rockefeller University, recently finds new experimental therapy which can reduce the

Amount of Viral load in blood.

References:

Nature online: April 8, 2015, Viraemia suppressed in HIV-1-infected humans by broadly neutralizing antibody 3BNC117

Marina Caskey, Florian Klein, Julio C. C. Lorenzi, Michael S. Seaman, Anthony P. West Jr, Noreen Buckley, Gisela Kremer, Lilian Nogueira, Malte Braunschweig, Johannes F. Scheid, Joshua A. Horwitz, Irina Shimeliovich, Sivan Ben-Avraham, Maggi Witmer-Pack, Martin Platten, Clara Lehmann, Leah A. Burke, Thomas Hawthorne, Robert J. Gorelick, Bruce D. Walker, Tibor Keler, Roy M. Gulick, Gerd Ftkenheuer, Sarah J. Schlesinger, and Michel C. Nussenzweig

Note: For full story go through source of story, this story may be edited depending upon length.

Research News

Story Source: the Rockefeller University, News room

According to scientists:

HIV antibodies previously tested in humans had shown disappointing results. 3BNC117 belongs to a new generation of broadly neutralizing antibodies that potently fight a wide range of HIV strains. Whats special about these antibodies is that they have activity against over 80 percent of HIV strains and they are extremely potent, says Marina Caskey, assistant professor of clinical investigation in the Nussenzweig lab and co-first author of the study. 3BN117, which was originally isolated by Johannes Scheid in the Nussenzweig laboratory, targets the CD4 binding site of the HIV envelope, and the CD4 receptor is the primary site of attachment of HIV to host cells, 3BNC117 shows activity against 195 out of 237 HIV strains.

However, by isolating and then cloning these antibodies, researchers are able to harness them as therapeutic agents against HIV infections that have had less time to prepare. Earlier work in the Nussenzweig lab had demonstrated that these potent antibodies could prevent or suppress infection in mouse and non-human primate models of HIV. But these animal models are very rough approximations of human infections, explains Caskey. The mice must be genetically engineered to be susceptible to HIV and therefore lack an intact immune system, and the primates used in HIV studies can only be infected with a simian version of the virus. The proof of principle awaited human trials.

In the new study, uninfected and HIV-infected individuals were intravenously given a single dose of the antibody and monitored for 56 days. At the highest dosage level tested in the study, 30 milligrams per kilogram of weight, all eight infected individuals treated showed up to 300-fold decreases in the amount of virus measured in their blood, with most reaching their lowest viral load one week after treatment. The drop in viral load depended on the individuals starting viral load and also the sensitivity of their particular strains of HIV to the antibody. This is the first time that the new generation of HIV antibodies has been tested in humans.


CSIR Labs in India working on new technology on diesel conversion

Business News

CSIR, NEW DELHI, INDIA

Dr.Harsh Vardhan, Ministry of Union Science & Technology, Government of India, recently visited Dehradun based CSIR lab (IIP),Dr.Vardhan appreciated one of the success full project of IIP,on making low carbon Jet fuel via Jatropha plant, He said This has already captured the imagination of several governments worldwide

Dr. Vardhan also explained: "We have gone several steps ahead in developing alternative sources of jet fuel. Jatropha apart, CSIR-IIP has the knowledge to make jet fuel out of any non-edible oil -even the waste cooking oil from our kitchens is soon to become prized material in the market."

The minister also initiated number projects in India, including, solar power lamps, Public toilets; exhaust fans etc. "We must make a social movement out of alternative fuel use. Our cultural heritage has been one of the most environments friendly. Our villagers have used cow dung cakes as a fuel source for thousands of years. In recent decades we had been following the mad path of over-consumption. Now, thanks to our scientists we can revert to our original mindset of preservation." -Dr.H.vardhan

"We must make a social movement out of alternative fuel use. Our cultural heritage has been one of the most environments friendly. Our villagers have used cow dung cakes as a fuel source for thousands of years.


Indian Industrialist, Invests on Pharmaceutical Company in Egypt

Business News

News Source: The Economic Times

One of the Indo based industrialist got approval of Government of Egypt for producing a drug for the treatment of Hepatitis c one of the most common disease in country. Bavaguthu Raghuram Shetty, Indian industrialist said, it will inaugurate in Sadat City, Monofia governorate, this Sunday a factory for producing "Sofosbuvir" drug, also known as "Sovaldi". According to statement issued by the company, the Minister of Health and Housing Adel El-Adawi will attend the inauguration of the factory, along with Vishvas Sapkal, Charge d'affaires of the Embassy of India and Hisham Abdel Basit, Governor of the Monofya. The company also informed that it is the only company in the Egyptian market which has got a license to manufacture the raw material for the Sofosbuvir drug from the American company Gilead. Notably, Egypt has the highest rate of hepatitis C in the world, according to the United Nations Population Fund. As many as 14.7 per cent of people between age group 15-49 have tested positive for the virus.

According to statement issued by the company, the Minister of Health and Housing Adel El-Adawi will attend the inauguration of the factory, along with Vishvas Sapkal, Charge d'affaires of the Embassy of India and Hisham Abdel Basit, Governor of the Monofya.


Scholarships Updates

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PhD Position at Laboratory of Neurobiology at KU Leuven in Belgium, 2015

About Scholarship

The Laboratory of Neurobiology is part of the research group Experimental Neurology (department of Neurosciences). The research group is closely affiliated with the Neurology Department of UZ Leuven and counts 50 researchers. The Laboratory of Neurobiology is also part of the Vesalius Research Center (VRC), one of the research departments of the Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) located at KU Leuven/Campus Gasthuisberg. The department has 8 research groups and 150 researchers.

Eligibility

Looking for a highly motivated PhD student with interest in neurodegenerative disorders and iPSCs. Motivated candidates with a strong commitment to basic research are invited to apply.

The candidate:

Should hold a master degree in biomedical sciences, medicine or bioengineering should be able to work in a team should fluently speak and write English

How to Apply

The mode of applying is online.

Deadline:

The application deadline is 31 May 2015.

For Details https://icts.kuleuven.be

Sir James Dunn Animal Welfare Graduate Scholarship at UPEI in Canada, 2015

About Scholarship The SJDAWC is very pleased to announce a new animal welfare graduate scholarship. The Sir James Dunn Animal Welfare

Graduate Scholarship will support the training of researchers at the masters or doctoral level to pursue animal welfare research at the University of Prince Edward Island, Canada.

Scholarships updates


Both applied or more fundamental approaches to research pertaining to animal welfare are welcome. Since 1994, generous support from the Sir James Dunn and Christofor Foundations has provided a stable foundation for the Sir James Dunn Animal Welfare Centre (SJDAWC) at the Atlantic Veterinary College, UPEI.

Eligibility

This competition is open to any candidate who meets the admission criteria for graduate studies at UPEI. Students who receive the award for support of a Masters program are eligible to apply again for support for a subsequent PhD program. This award may be held simultaneously with other awards.

How to Apply

Candidates must apply via email to the Coordinator, SJDAWC (animalwelfare-at-upei.ca) by May 25, 2015. The attachments to the email application package must contain a letter of intent that specifically addresses each of the selection criteria below, a current curriculum vitae, and academic records. Academic records include scanned copies of official transcripts from all university courses completed by the time of application, together with academic awards, prizes and scholarships. Applicants are encouraged (a) to provide an example of their academic writing, e.g. an academic publication, thesis or essay and (b) to indicate in their letter of intent their areas of interest and if possible an outline of their proposed animal welfare research.

Deadline: The application deadline is May 25, 2015.

For Details

http://awc.upei.ca/sir-james-dunn-animal-welfare-graduate-scholarship-0

Raman Charpak Fellowship Program for Students of India and France, 2015

About Scholarship The RamanCharpak Fellowship program is in honour of two Nobel Laureates in Physics, Prof C.V. Raman, Indian Nobel

Laureate, 1930 and Prof Georges Charpak, French Nobel Laureate, 1992. The Fellowship was launched during the State visit of the President of France, Mr. Francois Hollande, to India on February 14-15th 2013. The aim is to facilitate the exchange of doctoral students between the two countries, in order to broaden the scope and depth of future engagements in science, technology and innovation.

Eligibility

Applicants from India must be Indian citizens residing in India and have registered for a PhD in a recognized university or research institution in India.

Applicants from France must be residing in France and have registered for a PhD in a recognized university or research institution in France.

Have a Masters degree (in science, technology or medicine) from a recognized University/Institute.



Age: Maximum 30 years as on 1st April 2015. Students once supported by CEFIPRA and students who have a permanent position in institutions/universities are not

eligible. Pre-authorization or prior consent from his/her Institute / University to apply for a foreign fellowship program

How to Apply Only online submission will be considered. Applications received through post will not be accepted. Filling up of all the fields in the application form is mandatory. The proposal must include the following information (in English): Detailed description of the research project (up to 5 pages) stating the title of Research work with an explanation of how

the planned work will benefit the candidate during his/her stay in proposed Research Institute / University in France /India.

Deadline:

The application deadline is 31st May, 2015.

For Details http://cefipra.org/raman-charpak/Raman_Charpak_Fellowship_2015_updated_insturctions.pdf

2015 PhD Studentship: New Smart Polymers for Biomedical Wireless Sensing Applications

About Scholarship

Applications are invited for a fully-funded PhD studentship split between the Schools of Engineering and Digital Arts and the School of Physical Sciences at the University of Kent. The University of Kent is well known internationally for its work on passive wireless sensing devices and advanced polymer materials. The aim of the project is to investigate the innovative design of passive sensors capable of detecting yeast cells and the biofilm that they produce.

Eligibility

Applications are invited for a fully-funded PhD studentship split between the Schools of Engineering and Digital Arts and the School of Physical Sciences at the University of Kent. The University of Kent is well known internationally for its work on passive wireless sensing devices and advanced polymer materials. The aim of the project is to investigate the innovative design of passive sensors capable of detecting yeast cells and the biofilm that they produce.

How to Apply Student should apply for this PhD studentship online and specify the research topic New Smart Polymers for Biomedical

Wireless Sensing Applications.



Deadline The application deadline is 15 May, 2015.

For Details

http://www.eda.kent.ac.uk/

2014-2015 IKY-EEA Scholarships for Postdoctoral Research or PhD Studies in Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein

About Scholarship Integrated Management of Sea and Inland Waters is a programme managed by IKY with EEA funding, for conducting post-

doctoral research in Norway, Iceland or Lichtenstein. Within the context of implementing the Integrated Management of Sea and Inland Waters Programme to be financed by the Financial Mechanism of the European Economic Area (FM EEA 20092014) and the Public Investments Programme, IKY announced the launch of a Scholarships Programme for the academic period 20142015, for the elaboration of a post-doctoral research or a part of a doctoral thesis, in cognitive fields falling within the field of sea and inland water resources management, in institutions and/or accredited organizations in Norway, Iceland or Lichtenstein.

Eligibility To have participation right, applicants should:

Be Greek nationals or non-Greek nationals legally reside in Greece for at least five years. Hold a graduate degree/ diploma from a Greek University/ Technological Institution (T.E.I.) or from a foreign recognized

Higher Educational Institution. Have good knowledge of the English language (Level B2). A relevant certificate is required according to the Common

European Framework of Reference for Languages. Male candidates should have completed required military service or be legally exempted, or have been granted lawfully

deferment, for the time period until the completion of their scholarship. Candidates who have been granted deferment of military service, should investigate the possibility of obtaining a deferral sufficient for the completion of the programme and submit a relevant solemn declaration.

Have not undertaken studies or received a previous scholarship, for the same level of studies (that is doctoral thesis or postdoctoral research).

How to Apply Applications should be send by post.



Deadline The application deadline is 5 June 2015.

For Details

http://www.iky.gr/en/scholarships/postdoc-research-eng/eea-grants

Doctoral Research Fellowship Colorectal Cancer at University of Oslo in Norway, 2015-2016

About Scholarship

The PhD Fellow will work at the Clinical Effectiveness Research group, Department of Health Management and Health Economics, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, in cooperation with Telemark Hospital Skien and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. The position will be part of a research team dedicated to the trials and affiliated projects within the frame of the research group.

Eligibility

Applicants must hold a MD degree. It is preferable with clinical or Para clinical experience in gastroenterology or pathology. Applicants should be interested in clinical epidemiology and handling of large databases. The ideal candidate has a strong CV, experience in clinical medicine, methodological interest, an outstanding potential and genuine interest in clinical epidemiology and data analysis tools. Proficiency in a Scandinavian language is an advantage.

How to Apply The mode of applying is online. The application must include

Application letter CV (summarizing education, positions and academic work) Copies of educational certificates and letters of recommendation Foreign applicants are advised to attach an explanation of their universitys grading system. Please note that all documents

should be in English or a Scandinavian language. When evaluating the application, emphasis will be given to the applicants academic and personal prerequisites to carry out

the project.

Deadline

The application deadline is May 20, 2015.



For Details

http://uio.easycruit.com/vacancy/1365207/70330?iso=no

PhD position in Molecular Biology - Computational biology & data mining Institute of Molecular Biology Mainz

About Scholarship

In the field of Computational biology & data mining the research group of Prof. Miguel Andrade offers the following PhD project: Computational discovery of epigenetic DNA editing

Eligibility

Master or Diploma Motivation to solve complex biological problems Excellent communication skills

How to Apply The mode of applying is online.

Deadline

Deadline for registration (exclusively online via web form): 20 June 2015

For Details

https://www.imb-mainz.de/students-postdocs/international-phd-programme/apply-to-ipp/

PhD position in Molecular Biology - Quantitative proteomics in epigenetics & RNA biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz

About Scholarship In the field of Quantitative proteomics in epigenetics & RNA biology the research group of Dr. Falk Butter offers the following

PhD project: Omics Data Integration/Systems Biology



Eligibility


How to Apply The mode of applying is online.

Deadline Deadline for registration (exclusively online via web form): 20 June 2015

For Details


PhD position in Molecular Biology - Crosstalk between DNA damage checkpoints & nutrient signaling, Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz

About Scholarship In the field of Crosstalk between DNA damage checkpoints & nutrient signaling the research group of Dr. Brian Luke offers one PhD project. We have recently performed genome-wide screens in yeast in order to get a better understanding of how checkpoint adaptation is regulated in response to nutrient starvation. Through this approach we have identified multiple novel genes that appear to have significant effects on checkpoint adaptation.

Eligibility


How to Apply

The mode of applying is online.

Deadline



Deadline for registration (exclusively online via web form): 20 June 2015

For Details


Discovery of novel pharmaceuticals from marine and desert microorganisms-Research Project

About Scholarship Microorganisms from extreme environments such as the deep sea and hyper arid deserts have been shown to produce a

range of complex natural products with high biological activity. In this project you will investigate the chemistry of these compounds and their potential for treating a range of diseases. Via collaborations we obtain desert and marine samples from which you will isolate unique bacterial and fungal strains. Cultivating these under different conditions gives rise to varied metabolic profiles. You will use a range of chromatographic techniques to isolate the compounds from these cultured microbes.

Eligibility


How to Apply The mode of applying is online

Deadline

Applications accepted all year round

For Details

http://www.abdn.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/apply.php



Interview An Dr.Muslim Dhaher Musa, Ph.D

Interview report

Dear readers as we did in our earlier issue, each month we introduce our readers with experienced Microbiologist, Scientists/Faculties on monthly basis. In this issue we are going to introduce our readers with Dr.Muslim Dhaher Musa, Ph.D. Dr.Musa is virologist and acting as a faculty in a University @ Nasiriya, Iraq. We all wish a great future a head for Dr.Musa.

Here are few interesting points of interview with him are given.

Microbioz India: Why you opt MICROBIOLOGY as a career?

Dr.Musa: Microbiology was my dream from day of highschool,I was very interest with Bacteria and Parasite, I feel this tiny world is interesting to study the behavior of these small organism and how this very small organism can make human feel sick although its have no arms.

Microbioz India: Tell me few interesting moments of your life you would to remember always.

Dr.Musa: Still I remember the theoretical part of M.Sc. in Basrah University. One day I remember in Virology exam I spent six hours in answering all questions and finally I have got full marks.

Microbioz India: Sir what about your research interests which help in strengthen of academic department.

Dr.Musa: Really I like Virology because it full with challenge and how this strange entity can replicate and intelligent strategy to invade and avoid host defence, the most important research I have did is the molecular epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus, an interesting results I obtained.

Microbioz India: Sir ask me few points you would like to advice young researcher and students, how they can make future in the field of Microbiology and for better future of world of research and for our society.

Dr.Musa: My advice to young researchers is to know which part of Microbiology they find themself.After this they have to read carefully principles and the remaining unresolved issues and try to find out the simplest way to reach the best results, simplicity is the secreat of success.

Microbioz India: Sir tell me few points about Microbioz India Magazines and Journal, and also few points about its future.

Dr.Musa: Microbioz India for me is like young trying to draw his way with firm and fixed steps and I think this magazine with its team will reach to the best target in near future, because they got Mr.Kumaar the success leader, I feel very happy and proud with magazines god bless you guys.

List of winners of April 2015

Edition

Following candidates are successfully solved Microbioz India Cross -

Word game of April 2015

Cross MICROBIOZ INDIA ord 2 015 MICROBIOZ INDIA 015 2 May

Hints Key

1. Spiral-shaped bacteria 2. An organism that obtains its nutrients from dead

organic matter 3. An organism that lives in, on, or at the expense of

another organism without contributing to the host's survival

4. A microorganism that lives and grows in the presence of free oxygen

5. A potent toxin that is secreted or excreted by living organisms

6. Bacteria that are permanent and generally beneficial residents in the human body

7. An organism in which another, usually parasitic, organism is nourished and harbored

8. A carrier of pathogenic organisms, especially one that can transmit a disease

9. Freedom from infection or infectious material 10. The process of removing or killing pathogens 11. Single-celled microscopic eukaryotes that produce

vitamins and proteins 12. Reduction of the number of microorganisms 13. A substance, such as hydrogen peroxide, used

externally to prevent or inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms

Solve this cross word and forward us scanned Copy of answers by 15th of May 2015

Neha Singh GKV, Haridwar, U.K

Poonam Katiyar CSJMU, Kanpur

Ravi Gautam Amity University, India

Ajeem Khan Agriculture University, Pakistan

Mansoor Ahmd Kohat, Pakistan

Faisal Ahmed Gulf Medical university, UAE

Ramakrishnan New Castle, university

Benda G Peru

Mallikarjun MKU, Madurai, India

Taylor Francis Ireland

Dear readers here we are not mentioning names of few winners because of Late submission of answers, Winners will be communicated later via e-mail for Microbioz India, Certificate.

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Documents

Lumpy Skin Disease,May 2015 Issue of Microbioz India