Lucrari Stiintifice Zootehnie Nr 52 2009

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Universitatea de tiine Agricole i Medicin Veterinar Iai

CUPRINS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Z001 1. Y. NYS, F. GUILLOU, J.B. COULON AND P. CHEMINEAU - Research Activities in Animal Physiology and Livestock Systems at INRA (French National Institute for Agronomic Research) Activitile de cercetare ale INRA (Institutul Naional Francez de Cercetri Agronomice) n domeniul fiziologiei i sistemelor de cretere a animalelor .....................................................5 Z002 2. J. AUMANN - Breeding programs and progeny testing in the times of genomic selection Programe de ameliorare i testarea dup descenden n epoca seleciei genomice...................................................................................................10 Z003 3. B. GEORGESCU, CARMEN GEORGESCU, S. DRBAN - Pesticides with endocrine disrupting function Biomarkers of exposure Biomarkeri de evaluare a expunerii cu pesticide cu funcie de disruptori endocrini ................13 Z004 4. Roxana LAZR, P.C. BOITEANU, Ancua ELENA COULEANU, Alina Narcisa POSTOLACHE - Determination of the main haematological indicators in the hare compared to the rabbit Determinri ale principalilor indicatori hematologici la iepurele de cmp comparativ cu iepurele de cas......................................................................................................19 Z005 5. Alexandra MATEI, G. CHIOVEANU, M. ANDRONE, D. DEZMIREAN, M. DOLIS, I. PASCA, M. BENTEA - The presentation of silkmoth Bombyx mori L. sp. genetic resources in Romania as source of initial material in amelioration works Prezentarea resurselor genetice ale fluturelui de mtase sp. Bombyx mori L. n Romania ca surs de material iniial n lucrrile de ameliorare ............................................................................23 Z006 6. V. TODERICI, Valentina CEBOTARI - Study on the behavior of artificially inseminated queens of Apis m. Carpatica race during passive period Studiu asupra comportamentului reginelor nsmnate artificial de rasa Apis m. Carpatica n perioada pasiv ....................................................................28 Z0077. V. MICLEA, M. ZHAN, Ileana MICLEA - Characterization of the reproductive activity of sows belonging to a Mangalita swine population Caracterizarea activitii de reproducie a scroafelor aparinnd unei populaii de suine din rasa Mangalia....................................................................31 Z008 8. Ileana MICLEA, M. ZHAN, A. RUSU, F. GHIURU, V. MICLEA - The effect of several ascorbic acid concentrations on swine oocyte maturation and embryo culture Efectul unor concentraii de acid ascorbic asupra maturrii ovocitare i culturii embrionilor suini....................................................35- 684 -

Lucrri tiinifice - vol. 52 seria Zootehnie

Z0099. GH. NACU, C. PASCAL, Cecilia POP - Hormone-therapy management solution for the reproduction enhancement at sow Hormonoterapia soluie de management pentru intensivizarea reproduciei la scroaf ...................41

Z010 10. B. PSRIN, G. HOHA, Elena COSTCHESCU, I. BNEAN DUNEA - Researches concerning breeding perfomances recorded to PIC 1050 and Camborough sows exploited in SC SUINPROD SA ROMAN Cercetri privind performanele reproductive nregistrate la scroafele PIC 1050 i Camborough exploatate n cadrul S.C. SUINPROD S.A. ROMAN ...........44 Z011 I. BUZU, Silvia EVTODIENCO, O. MANER, P. LIUKANOV 11. Intrarasial type of big Moldavian Karakul Sheep Tip Intrarasial de ovine Karakul Moldovenesc corpolent.............................................................................49

12. Z012 I. BUZU, O. MANER, P. LIUKANOV - Elite type of Sheep Moldavian Tsigaie of Alexanderfeld Tip de elit de ovine igaie Moldoveneasc de Alexanderfeld .........................................................................................................57Z013 Tatiana LUPOLOV, Valentina PETCU - Study of the genetic structure of 13. the populations of sheep and poultry on the basis of immunogenetic markers Studiu privind structura genetic ale unor populaii de ovine i psri pe baza markerilor imunogenetici...............................................................................62 Z014 Gh. HRINC - Description of the haemolytic system for testing the blood 14. groups in small ruminants Descrierea sistemului hemolitic n testul de grup sanguin la rumegtoarele mici ..................................................................66 Z015 S. CHILIMAR, V. FOCA - New type bovine of Black and White breed 15. Tipul nou de bovine al rasei Blat cu Negru.......................................................74

16. Z016 V. UJIC, V. MACIUC, Rodica DNIL, T. CREANG, I. NISTOR Quantitative genetics researches on the B.N.R. population reared in the private farms from the North-Eastern area of Romania Cercetri de genetic cantitativ la populaia de ras B.N.R. exploatat n fermele private din zona de N-E a Romniei.......................................................................77Z017 Elena MARANDICI, G. DARIE, P. CHINTEA - Researches concerning the 17. influence of the bioactive substances on the boar sperm preservation Cercetri privind influena substanelor bioactive asupra conservrii materialului seminal de vier...................................................................................82 Z018 18. Stela ZAMFIRESCU, Irina TOPOLEANU, Dorina NADOLU Observations concerning haematological profile in goat Unele observaii privind profilul hematologic la caprine..................................................................86 Z019 Stela ZAMFIRESCU, Dorina NADOLU - Results concerning the freezing 19. pretability of buck semen and fecundity after artificial insemination of goat Rezultate privind pretabilitatea la congelare a spermei de ap si rata conceptiei dupa inseminarea artificiala a caprelor locale.....................................92- 685 -


20. Z020 Roxana PARASCHIV, G. MURSA - The competitiveness of the Romanian economy in the context of European Union Accession. Special considerations regarding agriculture and rural development Competitivitatea economiei romneti n contextul aderrii la Uniunea European. Consideraii privind agricultura i dezvoltarea rural.......................97Z021 Roxana PARASCHIV, G. MURSA - Challenges of the common agricultural 21. policy in the enlarged Europe Probleme ale politicii agricole comune n Europa extins..................................................................................................... 103

22. Este Z022 V.-L. ICHIM - Is the European Union an optimum currency area? Uniunea European o zon monetar optim?................................................... 108Z023 Cecilia POP, Roxana CALISTRU - Choices in interest rate risk management 23. process Opiuni n procesul de management al riscului de rat a dobnzii.... 113

24. Z024 Roxana CALISTRU, Cecilia POP - Estimation of interest rate risk attending the bonds loan Estimarea riscului de rat a dobnzii care nsoete mprumutul obligator .......................................................................................... 120Z025 C. BULGARIU - Reflections about the role of civil society in the rural 25. development Reflecii asupra rolului societii civile n dezvoltarea durabil ............................................................................................................... 127

26. Z026 C. BULGARIU - The procedures to balance a local budget in Romania Proceduri de echilibrare a bugetelor locale n Romnia .................................... 130 27. G. MURSA, Roxana PARASCHIV - State and agriculture. Some Z027 recommendations on agricultural policy Statul i agricultura. Cteva recomandri privind politica agricol ................................................................ 135 28. Z028 G. MURSA, Roxana PARASCHIV - Rural development in Romania. Opportunities and difficulties Dezvoltarea rural n Romnia. Oportuniti i dificulti..................................................................................... 141 29. Z029 Benedicta DROBOT, Elena GNDU, A. CHIRAN, A.-F. JITREANU Informatics model regarding the analysis of some technical and economic indicators in animal husbandry Model informatic privind analiza unor indicatori tehnico-economici n creterea animalelor......................................... 146Z030 Anca DUDA, Alina MOOIU - Some aspects regarding the development of 30. touristic and agrotouristic services in Arieeni Area from Apuseni mountains Unele aspecte privind evoluia serviciilor turistice i agroturistice n zona Arieeni din munii Apuseni .............................................. 153 Z031 Liliana BIIC, A. CHIRAN, Elena GNDU - Study of natural conditions and 31. social resources from ibneti Microzone, Iai County Studiul condiiilor naturale i a resurselor sociale din microzona ibneti, judeul Iai....................................................................................................................... 159- 686 -


32. Marcela TEFAN, Mariana BRAN - The analysis of crop structure Z032 according to social-economical requirements in Vrancea District Analiza structurii culturilor n concordan cu cerinele economico-sociale din judeul Vrancea ................................................................................................... 164Z033 D. M. ANDREI, Laurenia DIACONU - Mathematics, the instrument we use 33. in teaching ecology Matematica, instrument de lucru n predarea disciplinei ecologie.............................................................................................. 169 Z034 Lenua FOTEA, Elena COSTCHESCU, G. HOHA - The effect of 34. essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) on to the broilers growing performance Efectul utilizrii uleiului esenial de rozmarin (Rosmarinus officinalis) asupra performanelor de cretere a puilor de carne ....................... 172 Z035 Daniela ALEXANDRESCU, Monica MARIN, D. DRGOTOIU, Elena 35. POGURSCHI - The effect of energo proteic level and energy aminoacids relations about evolution of body weight at Arbor Acres hybrid Influena nivelului energo-proteic i a rapoartelor energie aminoacizi asupra evoluiei greutii corporale la hibridul Arbor Acres ............................. 175 Z036 Nicoleta BORT, Aida ALBU, Cecilia POP, I. M. POP - Researches 36. regarding highlight of some pollutants in feeds Cercetri cu privire la evidenierea unor poluani n nutreuri ............................................................... 180 Z037 Al. USTUROI, I.M. POP - Researches concerning the usage of a feed additive 37. in chicken broilers feeding Cercetri privind utilizarea unui aditiv furajer n alimentaia puilor broiler de gin ..................................................... 186 Z038 B.A. VLAIC, L.AL. MRGHITA, A. VLAIC, Alexandra MATEI 38. Research concerning the influence of treatment, harvesting moment and mulberry level from where the leaves were harvested in the IIIrd age silkworm performances Cercetri privind influena tratamentului, momentului recoltrii i etajului din care provine frunza de dud asupra greutii larvelor viermelui de mtase la vrsta a III-a ...................................... 191

39. Z039 B.V. AVARVAREI, Elena-Liliana CHELARIU, R. ROCA - Fertilization influence on nutritive and energetic value of the fodder obtained on an Agrostis capillaris L. Festuca rubra L. meadow Influena fertlizrii asupra valorii nutritive i energetice a furajului obinut pe o pajite de Agrostis capillaris L. Festuca rubra L. ............................................................ 196 40. Z040 Roxana MIRON (ZAHARIA), I.M. POP, N. ZAHARIA, A.C. SAVA Researches regarding the action of some influential factors on the nutritive composition of the corn silage Cercetri privind aciunea unor factori de influen asupra coninutului nutritiv al silozului de porumb ............................. 200Z041 41. Carmen Ana PIVODA, I. PDEANU, H.F.G. SARANDAN, Dana JITARIU, Camelia ZOIA ZAMFIR, ANA ENCIU - The nutritional effects of vegetal lecithin over the milk production, apparent digestibility and sheep ruminant parameters Efectele nutriionale ale lecitinei vegetale asupra produciei de lapte, digestibilitii aparente i a parametrilor ruminali la oaie ................................................................................................... 205- 687 -


42. Z042 M. ALDA, D. DRINCEANU, C. JULEAN - The influence of prestarter forage quality on performances and economical eficiency of growing piglets Influena calitii furajului prestarter asupra performanelor i eficienei economice n creterea purceilor ........................................................................ 210Z043 Cristina Gabriela RADU-RUSU, I.M. POP - Improvement of laying hen 43. performances by dietary mannanoligosaccharides supplementation mbuntirea performanei ginilor outoare prin suplimentarea alimentaiei cu mananoligozaharide ................................................................... 215 Z044 Aida ALBU, Cecilia POP, Felicia RC, I.M. POP - Evaluation of copper 44. concentration in some dairy cow feeding raw materials Evaluarea concentraiei de cupru din unele materii prime folosite n alimentaia vacilor de lapte.................................................................................................... 220Z045 Constana NICODIM, C. MILIC - Studies on the influence of some 45. regulating growing substances upon the quantity and quality of Mentha Piperita production Studii privind influena unor substane regulatoare de cretere asupra cantitii i calitii produciei de Mentha Piperita.............. 224

46. Z046 Constana NICODIM - Researches on the influence of pedoclimatic conditions from Tecuci area on the biometric and phenological parameters of Cynara scolymus Cercetri privind influena condiiilor pedoclimatice din zona Tecuci, asupra parametrilor biometrici i fenologici la Cynara Scolymus.............................................................................................................. 230 47. Z047 C-tin. ARUTEI - Research on the world state of technique through patents which refers to mouldboard that equip the ploughs with corps and my contribution to the modernization of the mouldboards Studii referitoare la particularitile cormanelor care echipeaz plugurile cu trupie i contribuii proprii la imbuntirea acestora...................................................... 236 48. Z048 C-tin. ARUTEI - Research on improving the plowing quality and reducing the fuel consumption in the work of plowing and subsequent agricultural work by editing the shape by moldboard Cercetri privind creterea calitii arturii i reducerea consumului de combustibil la lucrrile de arat i cele ulterioare prin modificarea formei cormanei........................................... 243 49. Z049 Y. NYS - Factors contributing to improvement in egg quality Factori care contribuie la mbuntirea calitii oului .......................................................... 247 50. Z050 Elena POPESCU-MICLOANU, L. IONI - Study of the productive characteristics of youth and laying quails in the Baloteti eggs-meat population Studiu privind caracteristicile productive ale tineretului i prepelielor outoare din populaia mixt de ou-carne De Baloteti ........... 254

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Z051 M.G. USTUROI, I. VACARU-OPRI, I. CIOCAN, R.M. RADU-RUSU, 51. A. USTUROI - Improvement of the morpho-productive indexes at the Ross-308 broiler breeders, through increased photostimulation mbuntirea indicilor morfo-productivi la prinii hibridului de gin Ross-308 prin fotostimulare alert...................................................................... 260 Z052 R.M. RADU-RUSU, V. TEUAN, I. VACARU-OPRI - Aspects concerning 52. the histological structure of the Biceps brachialis muscles in chicken broilers Aspecte privind structura histologic a muchilor Biceps brachialis la puii broiler de gin....................................................................... 266 Z053 C. LEONTE, Doina LEONTE - Influence of elements for closing of the halls 53. poultry performance productive Influena elementelor de nchidere ale unor hale avicole asupra performanelor productive.......................................... 271 Z054 54. D. SIMEANU, M.G. USTUROI, Angela GAVRILA, M. DOLI Researches regarding the breeding of broiler poultry in different technological conditions Cercetri privind creterea puilor broiler de gin n diferite condiii tehnologice................................................................... 278

55. Valentina CEBOTARI - Active behavior assessment at Apis mellifera Z055 Carpatica bee Aprecierea comportamentului activ la albina Apis mellifera Carpatica ............................................................................................. 285 56. Z056 Tatiana DABIJA, Angela MACARI - The study reflecting the body weight of different breeds of rabbits Studiul privind dinamica masei corporale la iepuri de diferite rase .......................................................................................... 290Z057 Camelia ZOIA ZAMFIR, Daniela JITARIU, Ana ENCIU, N. CUTOVA, 57. Carmen Ana PIVODA - Optimizing the technology of reconditioning the reformed sheep Optimizarea tehnologiei de recondiionare a ovinelor reformate ............................................................................................................. 294 Z058 C. PASCAL, N. ZAHARIA, Mihaela IVANCIA, I. PDEANU - Research 58. regarding productive potential specific to goats bred in N-E part of Romania Cercetri privind potenialul productiv specific caprinelor crescute n NE Romniei .......................................................................................................... 299 Z059 V. CIGHI, T. OROIAN, S. DRBAN, D. DRONCA, V.A. BLTEANU, 59. Teodora Crina CARAI - Conformation phenotypic values in Tzigaie breed from S.C.D.P. Jucu Valori fenotipice de conformaie la rasa igaie de la S.C.D.P. Jucu.............................................................................................. 308

60. Z060 Cristina LAZR, Rodica PELMU, Elena GHI - Research on body development dynamic of Carabash lambs in suckling period Cercetri privind dinamica dezvoltrii corporale la mieii Caraba n perioada de alptare ............................................................................................................... 311

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Z061 61. I. LADOI, M.G. BERE, Ileana BERE, Daniela LADOI, Paula MUNTEAN, C. LPUTE, M. BOC - Comparative production performances of certain PIC genotypes in swine commercial farming Performane de producie comparative ale unor genotipuri PIC n condiii de exploatare intensiv industrial a suinelor ...................................................... 317 Z062 Marcela SRBU, Ioana TNSESCU, R. OLAR - The reduction of the 62. thermical energy in the swines shelters Reducerea consumului de energie n adposturile pentru suine................................................................................ 322

63. Z063 t. CREANG, E.C. POPESCU, V. MACIUC - The studys of Grey Steppe breed until now Contribuii privind studiul rasei Sur de Step pn n prezent ................................................................................................................. 326Z064 V. UJIC, Rodica DNIL, V. MACIUC, I. NISTOR, t. CREANG 64. Intrapopulational structure of the B.N.R. cattle reared in the private farms from the North-Eastern area of Romania Structura intrapopulaional la taurinele de ras B.N.R. exploatate n fermele private din zona de N-E a Romniei.............................................................................................................. 332

Z065 I. GLC, Valerica MACOVEI, M. DOLI, Luminia DOLI, D. ROBU 65. Researches concerning the comparison of milk yield between cattle of Schwyz breed imported from Switzerland and Bruna of Maramures breed Cercetri comparative privitoare la producia de lapte realizat de vacile din rasa Schwyz importate din Elveia i vacile din rasa Brun de Maramure .......................................................................................................... 337

66. Z066 V. MACIUC - Influence of the calving season on the milk yield given by a Friesian population, imported from the Netherlands Influena sezonului de ftare asupra produciei de lapte la o populaie de tip Friz importat din Olanda........................................................................................................... 340Z067 V. MACIUC, t. CREANG, V. UJIC - Contributions on the study of the 67. cattle husbandry within the conditions provided by the mountainous area in Northern Romania Contribuii la studiul creterii taurinelor n condiiile zonei montane din nordul Romniei.................................................................... 345

68. Ioana TNSESCU, Marcela SRBU - Researches regarding the Z068 thermographic evaluation in cattle breeding farms by integration of environment factors Cercetri de evaluare termografic n ferme de cretere a taurinelor prin integrarea factorilor de mediu................................... 351 69. Z069 G. HOHA, B. PSRIN, Lenua FOTEA, Elena COSTCHESCU Researches concerning the growing and feed conversion parameters at those PIC hybrids exclusively designed for slaughtering Cercetri privind parametrii de cretere i de valorificare a hranei la hibrizii PIC destinai exclusiv abatorizrii ............................................................................................ 355

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Z070 E. POPESCU, Mariana SOFRONIE, L. DASCLU, Elena RUGINOSU, 70. Anca PLVNESCU, t. CREANG, M. PNTEA - Study regarding morphological and productive features in high milk production Black and White Romanian cows from S.C.D.C.B. Dancu, Iasi Studiu privind caracterele morfoproductive la vacile cu producii ridicate, de ras Blat cu Negru Romneasc din S.C.D.C.B. Dancu, Iai............................................. 359

71. Z071 E.C. JURCO, G. ONACIU - Comparative researches concerning the milk production traits on Black and White cattle herd of first calving, breeded in private farms from Transylvania Cercetri comparative privind indicii produciei de lapte la taurinele de ras Blat cu Negru aflate la prima ftare crescute n cteva ferme private din Transilvania .................................... 365 72. Z072 G. ONACIU, E.C. JURCO - Contributions to the knowledge of the main productive indices in primiparous Roumanian Spotted breed Contribuii la cunoaterea unor indici productivi la vacile primipare din rasa Blat Romneasc ........................................................................................................ 369 73. Z073 Augusta LUJERDEAN, Andrea BUNEA, Vioara MIREAN - Seasonal related changes in the major nutrients of bovine milk (total protein, lactose, casein, total fat and dry matter) Modificrile sezoniere ale nutrienilor majori din laptele de vac (proteina total, lactoza, cazeina, grsimea i substana uscat)................................................................................................. 372 74. Z074 M. DOLI - Contributions to the study of growth and development of youth equine breed male Shagya in the conditions offered by Rdui troop Contribuii la studiul creterii i dezvoltrii tineretului cabalin mascul din rasa Shagya n condiiile hergheliei Rdui ...................................................... 375Z075 M. DOLI, Luminia DOLI, D. SIMEANU, M. BURLIC - Contributions 75. to the study of growth and development of youth equine breed female Shagya in the conditions offered by Rdui troop Contribuii la studiul creterii i dezvoltrii tineretului cabalin femel din rasa Shagya n condiiile hergheliei Rdui ............................................................................... 380 Z076 M. ROMAN - The production of calves for fattening an alternative for milk 76. quota! Producerea de viei destinai ngrrii o alternativ la cota de lapte! ................................................................................................................... 385

Z077 77. P.C. BOITEANU, Roxana LAZR, Ancua Elena COULEANU, ALINA Narcisa POSTOLACHE Research on the chemical composition of the deer meat preserved by freezing Cercetri privind determinarea compoziiei chimice a crnii de cervide conservate prin congelare.................... 389

78. Z078 G. MOVILEANU Procedure for assessment of the lean meat percentage as a consequence of the new EU reference dissection method in pig carcass classification Metode i aparate moderne de evaluare a procentului de esut muscular la carcasele de porcine conform normelor U.E. ......................... 394- 691 -


79. Z079 Aurelia PECE, Vioara MIREAN, Camelia RDUCU, C. COROIAN, D. COCAN, R. CONSTANTINESCU - Highlight of buffalo milk cholesterol through thin-layer chromatography Evidenierea colesterolului din laptele de bivoli prin cromatografie n strat subire ........................................ 400Z080 S. DRBAN, C. COROIAN, A. POP, Vioara MIREAN, V. MICLEA, 80. V. CIGHI, S. VOIA, I. PDEANU - Study concerning the chemical composition of meat in young Tsigai sheep, rusty variety Studiu privind compoziia chimic a crnii la tineretul ovin de ras igaie, varietatea ruginie ................................................................................................................. 404

81. Z081 Lenua FOTEA, Doina LEONTE, Iuliana UGUI - The effect of essential oil of thyme (Thimus vulgaris) on to the quality of meat and carcases of meat chicken broilers Efectul utilizrii uleiului esenial de cimbru (Thimus vulgaris) asupra calitii crnii i carcaselor puilor broiler ................ 408Z082 R.M. RADU-RUSU, I. VACARU-OPRI, M.G. USTUROI - Researches 82. concerning the slaughtering efficiency and the cut parts proportion in the carcasses of the chicken broilers reared within intensive system Cercetri privind randamentul la sacrificare i proporia poriunilor tranate n carcasele puilor broiler de gin crescui n sistem intensiv .............................. 411

Z083 A.A. PRELIPCEAN, Anca TEUAN - Melisopalinological aspects regarding 83. the commercial Robinia pseudoacacia natural honey Aspecte melisopalinologice asupra mierii de salcm comercializate............................... 416

Z084 84. Micsuna RUSU - Global food trends functional foods Tendine n alimentaia global alimente funcionale ......................................................... 421

85. Z085 LALA I.P. RAY, P.K. PANIGRAHI, B. C. MAL - Temporal variation of water quality parameters in intensively IMC cultured lined pond Variaia temporal a calitii apei la crapul indian crescut n cultura intensiv, n bazine artificiale.................................................................................................. 429Z086 Valerica MACOVEI, I. GLC, D. ROBU - Estimation of the quality of the 86. waste water evacuated from Iasi at the level of Dancu purifying station Aprecierea calitii apelor uzate evacuate la nivelul municipiului Iai de la staia de epurare Dancu-Iai............................................................................... 438Z087 Doina LEONTE, C. LEONTE - Study about suppementary feeding of carp 87. with granulated mixed feeds Studiu cu privire la hrnirea suplimentar a crapului cu nutreuri combinate .......................................................................... 442

88. R.G. OROIAN, T.E. OROIAN, Crina Teodora CARSAI, Viorica Z088 COSIER, L. SASCA - RAPD technique used in analyzing the genetic structure of Cyprinus carpio species Galitian and Lausitz varieties Tehnica RAPD utilizat n evidenierea structurii genetice la specia Cyprinus carpio -varietile Galiian i Lausitz ................................................ 444- 692 -


89. Z089 Anca TEUAN, V. TEUAN, A.A. PRELIPCEAN - Research on the fluctuating asymmetry of some morphological characters of the fins of Perca fluviatilis sp. Cercetri privind asimetria fluctuant a unor caractere morfologice, la nivelul nottoarelor, la specia Perca fluviatilis........ 450Z090 90. T.E. OROIAN, R.G. OROIAN, Cristina HEGEDUS, V. CIGHI, D. DRONCA - The monitoring of phytoplankton evolution by biological year within Arinis-Maramures fishery complex Monitorizarea evoluiei fitoplanctonului pe an biologic n complexul piscicol Arini- Maramure.......... 456

Z091 D. COCAN, Vioara MIREAN, R. CONSTANTINESCU, I. BUD, Viorica 91. COIER, Camelia RDUCU, Aurelia PECE - Research concerning some factors influencing the growth physiology in a rainbow trout population (Oncorhynchus mykiss), reared within controlled environment Cercetri asupra unor factori care influeneaz fiziologia creterii la o populaie de pstrv curcubeu (Oncorhynchus mykiss), exploatat n condiii de mediu controlate................................................................................ 462

92. Z092 C. PASCAL, Mihaela IVANCIA, I. GLC, G. NACU, L. STANCESCU, Gh. HRINC, N. IFTIMIE Study about some factors which have influence about reproduction function in sheep Studiul unor factori care pot influena funcia de reproducie la ovine ...................................................... 467 93. V. UJIC, I. DULUGEAC, Mita ENACHE, M. DOLI, Rodica Z093 DNIL, M. BURLIC - Studies of quantitative genetics at the populations of horses used in the equestrian sports from Romania Studii de genetic cantitativ la populaiile de cabaline folosite n sporturile hipice din Romnia.............................................................................................. 475 94. Z094 N. PCAL, I. BENCSIK, D. DRONCA, Ada CEAN, V. CARAB, Alexandra BOLEMAN - Possibilities to induce twin calving in cows by embryo-transfer Posibiliti de inducere a gemelaritii la vaci prin embriotransfer ..................................................................................................... 479 95. Z095 I. BENCSIK, N. PACAL, D. DRONCA, Rodica CAPRITA, Lavinia STEF - Establishing the embryo viability from fertilized eggs and determination of genetic sex to Danio Rerio juvenile Aprecierea viabilitii embrionilor din icre fecundate i determinarea sexului genetic la pui de Danio Rerio .............................................................................................. 482Z096 96. D. DRONCA, N. PCAL, I. BENCSIK, T. OROIAN, Mihaela IVANCIA, Gabi DUMITRESCU, S. VOIA, Liliana BOCA Researches on early embryogenesis from Transylvanian naked neck and Plymouth Rock hen breeds Cercetri privind embriogeneza timpurie la rasele de gini Gt Gola de Transilvania i Plymouth Rock ............................................ 486

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Z097 D. DRONCA, N. PCAL, I. BENCSIK, T. OROIAN, V. CIGHI, Mihaela 97. IVANCIA, Gabi DUMITRESCU, Liliana BOCA Study on the heterozis effect in early embryogenesis of the commercial chicken broiler hybrids Studiul efectului heterozis n embriogeneza timpurie a hibrizilor comerciali de gin pentru producia de carne .................................................................... 489

98. Gabi DUMITRESCU, Lavinia STEF, D. DRINCEANU, Liliana Z098 PETCULESCU CIOCHINA, D. STEF, D. DRONCA, Rodica CRISTE, Liliana BOCA, C. JULEAN Changes induced by some nutritional factors on femur histological structure in pig Modificri induse de unii factori nutriionali asupra structurii histologice a femurului la porc ................. 492 99. Z099 Doina LEONTE, C. LEONTE - The appreciation of water hygienic qualities in a farm of chiken broilers growing Aprecierea nsuirilor igienice ale apei ntr-o unitate de cretere a broilerilor de gin.......................................... 498 100. Z100 Alexandra MATEI, M. ANDRONE, A. POPESCU, D. DEZMIREAN, B. VLAIC Research concerning the establishment of the best size of races populations from the gene stock sp. Bombyx mori L. Cercetri privind stabilirea mrimii optime a populaiilor la rasele din rezerva de gene sp. Bombyx mori L. .................................................................................................. 500 101. Z101 M. CONDREA Observations regarding some environment factors on hemoleucograma in lactation ovines Observaii privind influena unor factori de mediu asupra hemoleucogramei la ovine n lactaie........................... 503 102. Z102 R. BLAJ, Mirela STANCIU The management of the hunting ground nr. 40 Agnita, Sibiu county Managementul fondului de vntoare nr. 40 Agnita, judeul Sibiu......................................................................................................... 506 103. R. BLAJ, Mirela STANCIU Concerns on the contribution of the Z103 ecotourism to a sustainable rural development Consideraii privind contribuia ecoturismului la dezvoltarea rural durabil................................... 511 104. Ramona-Vasilica BACTER, D. COITA, Alina MOOIU Laws Z104 concerning food industry Legislaia n domeniul alimentelor......................... 516Z105 105. Agatha POPESCU Analysis of the economic efficiency in fodder producing Analiza eficienei economice n producerea furajelor .................. 520

106. Z106 Agatha POPESCU A comparative study concerning economic efficiency for various levels of milk yield Studiu comparativ privind eficiena economic pentru diferite niveluri ale produciei medii de lapte...................... 525Z107 E. VAMANU, A. VAMANU, Diana PELINESCU, O. POPA, Sultana 107. NI, Despina A. IONESCU, Narcisa BBEANU Studies concerning the obtaining of biomass from Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei using corn extract as nitrogen source Studii privind obinerea biomasei din Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei utiliznd extractul de porumb ca surs de azot........................................................................................................ 531- 694 -


108. Z108 Corina Elena GHEORGHE, Daniela RADU, Mioara COSTACHE, Cecilia BUCUR Testing some protein fodder used for the intensive carp raising (Cyprinus carpio, L.1758), during summer II Testarea unor furaje proteice utilizate n creterea intensiv a crapului (Cyprinus carpio, L.1758) , n vara a II-a ........................................................................................ 537 109. Z109 Denisa RACHIERU, R. DUCA, Margareta OLTEANU Validation of a method to determine vitamin E (alpha tocopherol) from feed ingredients by HPLC using reversed phase chromatography Validarea unei metode pentru determinare a vitaminei E (alfa tocoferol) din materii prime furajere prin HPLC utiliznd cromatografia cu faza invers ........................................... 543Z110 Marinela ENCULESCU Research regarding green mass consumability of 110. natural grass lands and productive effect in fattening young cattle Cercetri privind consumabilitatea masei verzi de pe pajitile naturale i efectul productiv al acesteia la tineretul taurin la ngrat ................................ 548Z111 Andreea VASILACHI, C. DRAGOMIR, Aurelia SOARE The effect of a 111. microbial product on production performances of fattening steers: preliminary results Efectul unui produs microbian asupra performanelor productive ale tineretului taurin la ngrat: date preliminare........................... 553

112. Z112 M. CONDREA Some aspects regarding phosphocalcic dismetabolia at the Unele aspecte privind dismetaboliile fosfocalcice la cine ...................... 559 dogZ113 Rodica CPRI, A. CPRI Research on some chemical analysis 113. methods for evaluating the soybean meal quality Cercetri asupra unor metode de analize chimice pentru evaluarea calitii finii de soia ................... 562Z114 114. Lucica NISTOR, Camelia HODOAN, Andra SULER, Daniela IANICHI, Victoria Gratziela BAHACIU Research regarding the influence of lead in fodder plants Cercetri privind influena acumulrii plumbului n plantele furajere ............................................................................. 566

115. Z115 Fl. CLIN - The improvement of the degraded grasslands through radical recovery Ameliorarea pajitilor degradate prin refacere radical................. 569Z116 Elena COSTCHESCU, G. HOHA, Angela GAVRILA Researches 116. regarding the age influence on Chinchila female rabbits breeding performances Cercetri privind influena vrstei asupra performanelor de reproducie a iepuroaicelor din rasa Chinchila ............................................. 573

Z117 I. DULUGEAC - The study of the evolution regarding the Romanian Sports 117. Horse and the management of equine sports from Romania in the European area Studiul evoluiei la Calul de Sport Romnesc i managementul sporturilor hipice din Romnia n arealul european........................................... 576Z118 I. DULUGEAC, V. UJIC, M. DOLI, Rodica DNIL, M. BURLIC 118. The phenotypic parameters at the population of Sports Horses from Romania Parametrii fenotipici la populaia Calului de Sport din Romnia .............................................................................................................. 582- 695 -


Z119 119. Camelia HODOAN, Lucica NISTOR, Andra SULER, Daniela IANICHI, S. BARBUICA Research concerning the possibility of spectrophotometric methods for determining the uric acid levels in bird fecal discharge Cercetri privind posibilitatea utilizrii metodei spectrofotometrice n determinarea acidului uric din dejeciile de pasre ......... 586

120. L.C. STAFIE Alternatives to broiler chickens breeding in peasant Z120 households Soluii alternative pentru creterea puilor de carne n gospodriile rneti.......................................................................................... 588Z121 L.C. STAFIE Alternatives to laying hens breeding in peasant households 121. Soluii alternative pentru creterea ginilor outoare n gospodriile rneti............................................................................................................... 596Z122 Eva CSUTAK - Influence of raw milk quality on Lactobacillus acidophilus 122. multiplication and probiotic yoghurt production Influena calitii laptelui materie prim asupra nmulirii bacteriei Lactobacillus acidophilus i a produciei de iaurt probiotic......................................................................... 604

123. Z123 Daniela IANICHI, Cristiana DIACONESCU, Lucica NISTOR, Camelia HODOAN, L. URDE Influence of starch adding on the meat compositions viscosity Influena adugrii amidonului asupra vscozitii compoziiilor de carne...................................................................... 610Z124 Vioara MIREAN, Camelia RDUCU, Aurelia PECE, C. COROIAN 124. Determination of vitamin A in cow milk through HPLC Determinarea vitaminei A din laptele de vac prin HPLC......................................................... 615

Z125 P. SAVESCU, A. DUNOIU, L. GIURGIULESCU Researches regarding 125. the decrease of the oxidative level of cow milk after the action of different antioxidant agents Cercetri cu privire la reducerea nivelului oxidativ al laptelui de vac dup intrarea n aciune a unor ageni antioxidani ................ 616Z126 P. SAVESCU, A. DUNOIU, I. STAN Study regarding the changes of cow 126. milk redox potential and pH follow the addition of specific microrganisms Studiu cu privire la variaia potenialului redox i a pH-ului laptelui de vac n urma nsmnrii cu unele microorganisme specifice .......................... 621Z127 t. LAZR, O.C. VORNICU Biological honey and its attainment 127. principles Mierea biologic i principiile care stau la baza obinerii acesteia................................................................................................................ 628

Z128 128. Lucica NISTOR, Camelia HODOAN, Andra SULER, Daniela IANICHI, Victoria Gratziela BAHACIU Research concerning the effects of oxidizing agents used in the miller's and baking industry Cercetri privind efectele agenilor oxidani utilizai n industria de morrit i panificaie ........................................................................................... 632

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129. Z129 Rodica CPRI, A. CPRI Monitoring the milk acidification by the conductometric method Monitorizarea acidifierii laptelui prin metoda conductometric .................................................................................................. 635Z130 Valerica MACOVEI, I. GLC The hydro and biological characteristic of 130. water from an ornamental lake Caracteristicile hidrobiologice ale apei dintr-un bazin piscicol......................................................................................... 639

131. Z131 Nicoleta DOBROTA, Mioara COSTACHE, Soare STANCIOIU, Gh. DOBROTA Technologic performances of carp breeding (Cyprinus carpio) in ground basins of small dimensions Performane tehnologice ale creterii crapului (Cyprinus carpio) n bazine de pmnt de mici dimensiuni ........................................................................................................... 643Z132 Luiza FLOREA The comparative analysis of fish resources in the Danube 132. near Brila, within the periods 1972-1986 and 2006-2008 Analiza comparativ a resursei de pete din Dunre, zona Brila, n perioadele 1972-1986 i 2006-2008...................................................................................... 649

Z133 D. OPREA, L. OPREA The effect of density on bester (H. huso A. 133. ruthenus) larvae reared in a superintensive system Influena densitii asupra larvelor de bester (H. huso A. ruthenus) crescute n sistem superintensiv........................................................................................................ 655

134. Adina POPESCU (SRBU), Maria FETECU, Isabelle METAXA, Z134 Angelica DOCAN Preliminary aspects concerning structure zooplankton in the Balta Mare Carja 1 fish farm Aspecte preliminare privind structura zooplanctonului in Balta Mare Ferma piscicola Carja 1 ................. 661Z135 I. VASILEAN, V. CRISTEA, Lorena SFETCU - Influence of stocking 135. density and water parameters on growth of juvenile Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso, Linnaeus, 1758) Influenta densitatii si a parametrilor apei asupra cresterii puietului de morun (Huso huso, Linnaeus, 1758) ................................. 666

136. Z136 Elena COSTHESCU, G. HOHA, Lenua FOTEA Researches regarding the carp breeding in policulture with Polyodon spathula Cercetri privind creterea crapului n policultur cu Polyodon spathula......................... 672Z137 Marioara NICULA, P. NEGREA, I. GERGEN, M. HRMNESCU, I. 137. GOGOA, M. LUNCA Mercury bioaccumulation in tissues of fresh water fish Carassius auratus gibelio (Silver crucian carp) after chronic mercury intoxication Bioacumularea tisular a mercurului la specia de ap dulce Carassius auratus gibelio (carasul argintiu) n intoxicaia cronic cu mercur ............................................................................................... 676

138. Z138 Gabi DUMITRESCU, S. VOIA, Liliana PETCULESCU CIOCHIN, A. GROZEA, D. DRONCA, T. POLEN, Liliana BOCA, Iuliana CREESCU, I. BNEAN-DUNEA Aspects regarding the assessment of octylphenol effect on growth and development in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) Aspecte privind evaluarea efectului octilfenolului asupra creterii i dezvoltrii la crapul comun (Cyprinus carpio) .................... 680- 697 -

BACKLucrri tiinifice - vol. 52 seria Zootehnie

RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS AT INRA (FRENCH NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR AGRONOMIC RESEARCH)Y. Nys, F. Guillou, J.B. Coulon and P. ChemineauINRA, Tours 37380, France e-mail: [email protected] Abstract INRA Animal Physiology and Livestock Systems Division (PHASE) forms a large scientific community (>500 scientists, >1200 workers) concerned by biology, physiology and animal sciences having animal production and food qualities as endpoints. PHASE should propose ecologically intensive systems of animal production maintaining farmer income. In 2007, French animal productions represented 17% of the total European (UE25) animal production, being leader for bovine and poultry. During the last 30 years, there was specialization, concentration and intensification of the animal production system. In parallel, consumers gave more importance to safety, quality, and specificity of products, to ethical and environmental considerations resulting in new European regulations. Sequencing of genomes, wide transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic approaches has opened the way to integrative biology. The PHASE priorities are therefore functional genomics, sustainable development of agriculture, knowledge and acceptability of biotechnologies, animal welfare, meat, milk and egg qualities for human feed. The objectives are to maintain France and Europe among the leaders of animal productions and to increase our scientific knowledge on the biology and breeding of fish, birds and mammals within their farming systems. PHASE aims to develop techniques for sustainable livestock systems and to understand the fundamental mechanisms of physiological functions which shape the phenotype and qualities of and animal products. For information see http://www.international.inra.fr/ http://www.inra.fr/compact/nav/externe/en/departements/ecrans/17. Keywords: animal physiology, product, sustainability, food

INTRODUCTION AND ECONOMICAL CONTEXT

SOCIO

INRA Animal Physiology and Livestock Systems Division (PHASE) division forms a large scientific community which includes biology, physiology and animal sciences and has animal production and food qualities as endpoints. The first element of context is the expected explosion of human population (9 billions) which will need to be fed and the recognition that we are using a limited natural system. Animal products should come from environmentally friendly systems preserving the environment. We should propose ecologically intensive systems and take into account the consequences of global change on livestock systems. The second element is the competitively of animal

production systems, in order to maintain farms and farmers with a sufficient degree of income and autonomy. In 2007, French animal productions represented 17% of the total European (UE25) animal production. In particular, France is the leader for bovine and poultry meat and eggs. During the last 30 years, there was specialization, concentration and intensification of the animal production system. In parallel, consumer demand changed greatly, giving importance to quality, ethical and environmental considerations stressed in Europe through new regulations. The third element is the need to ensure that animal products are safe and appropriate for human nutrition and demand. In addition, French consumers considers the linkage of product qualities to the terroir (combined notions of a geographical location, its

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agricultural potential and cultural elements) and consequent knowledge of the conditions of production and their influence on the product, are new, major events to be taken into account in our research programs. The fourth element is the world-wide scientific competition within animal biology and, animal production. Sequencing of genomes, wide transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic approaches have been able to provide a high flow of information. They require an extremely high analytic power for their outputs which allow us to explore the links and networks between genes and phenotype(s). The interest in resolving the complexity of biology has led to an increased alliance between mathematicians and biologists, using modelling as the meeting point, and has opened the way to integrative approaches (integrative biology)

PRIORITIES AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PHASE DIVISIONThey belong to four domains: Integrative biology: functional genomics and bioinformatics, cell differentiation and modelisation Sustainable development of agriculture and global change Knowledge and acceptability of biotechnologies, animal welfare Meat, milk and egg qualities for human feed The first objective is to propose to French and European political and socio-economic stakeholders, tools to maintain France and Europe among the leaders of animal productions, in terms of quantitative and qualitative animal production, but also in terms of genetic improvement of most animal species and interaction with the livestock systems. The second objective is to increase our scientific knowledge of farm animal physiology by producing original knowledge with a more integrated vision of animal biology with constitution of scientific poles which might associate scientific and industrial partners who share our scientific aims and models. PHASE aims (1) to increasing knowledge, from genes to their functions, on the biology and breeding of fish, birds and mammals within their farming -

systems, in order to better understand the fundamental mechanisms of physiological functions which shape the phenotype and qualities of animal products, (2) to developing techniques for sustainable livestock systems to increase competitiveness of farms and producer organizations, and control quality of the products while respecting animal welfare and the environment. To reach the objectives, the activity of PHASE staff (1250 workers including 510 scientists, 16 research units, 16 experimental units) is spread over five operational Thematic fields : (1) Neurobiology, behaviour and adaptation: olfaction, cognitive process, relational behaviour, feeding behaviour and feed intake, environmental adaptation mechanisms (2) Reproduction, embryonic and larval development, biotechnology of reproduction: male and female gametes, central and peripheral control of sexual activity, biology of embryonic development, biotechnology of reproduction, transgenesis (fish, mammals, chicken, goat, rabbit) (3) Digestion, feeding and nutritional value of feed: regulation of ingestion and digestion, interaction between nutrition and animal health, new nutritional values of feeds, feed evaluation (4) Dynamics of elaboration of animal tissues and related products: multiplication and differentiation of animal cells, mechanism of tissue development, metabolism, relation between protein structure and function, study of lactation, ovogenesis. (5) Conception of biotechnical livestock systems and evaluation of their sustainability: design, evaluation and modeling of livestock systems, technical, economical and social acceptability of innovations. Studies (about 700/year) are carried out on domestic animals (beef, pig, poultry, fish) and animal models (mice, zebra fish) and issued in numerous publication (1000/year,45% being journal articles). More information is available on the INRA website: http://www.international.inra.fr/ and for detail information of activities in animal production :

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http://www.inra.fr/compact/nav/externe/e n/departements/ecrans/17.

MAJOR INNOVATIONS RECENTLY TRANSFERRED TO FARMS AND TO THE INDUSTRY

To illustrate the activities of the PHASE division, we proposed to present major innovations in the recent years of interest for users in the 5 areas of animal production division. Animal behaviour and Welfare - Producing and using welfare criteria related to animal in cattle and horses: in bovine Limousine breeds, genetic selection on docility is practised; in horses, behaviour marks have been given to some stallions for the first time in France in 2007, and mares will receive behaviour marks for future selection in one breed. Welfare criteria are used for calves, poultry and pigs (criteria used for development of European policy). - Elaborating a multifactorial approach of welfare in farms in pigs, bovine and poultry (Welfare quality European program) in order to define a special grid to be applied in European farms. - Development of management tools or facilities able to increase welfare in farms: housing in dairy cattle (carpets) and poultry (laying hen coops); fitness in pigs (tooth cutting, castration), which were used during the development of legislative rules. Techniques for controlled breeding and biotechnologies - Use of semen (liquid and/or deep-frozen semen) and embryo preservation techniques in fish, poultry and mammals: a large majority of processes used in artificial insemination and embryo transfer centres, and/or in farms come from developments in INRA units. A patent for semen preservation in horses is used by IMV (world leader of artificial insemination technologies ). - Use of in vitro biotechnologies (in vitro maturation of oocytes and in vitro fertilization) for genetic improvement in dairy and beef cattle: most of the technologies used were developed by INRA units. - Development of a specific machine ( PulseIons ) for piloting Calcium waves around the time of fertilization in individual oocytes and embryos: patents and licensing to a start-up company (Bracer Biotech).

- Patents to use chicken embryonic stem cells for germ line transmission of transgenes. - Use of in vitro biotechnologies for endangered species: birth of a fawn of an endangered species of deer (Japanese Sikka) from a common bred mother (Elaph deer) (collaboration with MNHN, National museum for nature). - The Atlas: Ultrasonography and reproduction in swine (in French, English, Spanish and Italian) sold almost 2 500 copies. - Use, in farms, of a combination of lighting treatments and the male-effect to induce out-of-season breeding in small ruminant females, horses and poultry: half of the French goat farms use them. Use of lighting treatments in AI centres in small ruminant males: all AI centres used lighting treatments developed in PHASE labs. - Tool for electronic detection of oestrus in ruminants: patent deposited, licensing in discussion with industrial partners. - Use of melatonin to control out-ofseason breeding in sheep: more than 300 000 implants are sold yearly all over the world. - Use of cloning for rare and endangered individuals or breeds: one exceptional AI bull was cloned and a breed was saved from extinction (Aurore the last survivor of Bleu du Bazougeais bovine breed). Engineering of animal feeding - Development of tables of composition and nutritive value of raw materials for major farm animals (200 concentrates and byproducts, 50 to 100 criteria per feed). These tables were translated in English, Spanish and Chinese and 12 000 copies were sold. - Publication of a book on Ruminant Feeding (including 1250 forages) sold at 9 000 copies in 2007 (translation to Spanish and English in preparation). - Recommendations on restricted feeding in ruminants, pigs, poultry, rabbits, horse and fishes, based on studies on ingestion, digestion and nutrient utilization was used to develop softwares such as: INRAtion for ruminants, translated into English, Spanish and Romanian (3 500 licences sold); Paturin, Herbevol and Herbavenir for help on pasture management (several hundred users in France and Europe); INRAPorc for rationing in pigs (300 licences sold in 16 countries, 451 teaching licences); INAVI and

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AviSim in poultry (more than 100 licences sold to industrial partners). In fishes optimization of feed formula to reduce incorporation of fish products in fish feeding and dumping estimates are used by feed companies. In rabbits, recommendations of fibre content and level of feeding for young rabbit health are used by rabbit producers. - Specific husbandry schemes (use of specific AA) and additives (probiotics) to replace antibiotics in ruminants, monogastric animals and fishes were developed with private companies and used by them. - Use of vegetable sources of nutrients (proteins and oil) for fish production was increased from 15-20% to more than 50% in the last five years. Development of animal products designed for human feeding - Modulation of fatty acid contents of milk and meat by specific feeds: our research has determined feeding strategies (use of Lineseed) to modulate the methane emission and FA content in ruminant and pork meat and milk. These results are used by specific producers in particular to enrich animal products in omega 3 FA (Bleu Blanc Coeur, Danone, ...). A part of these programs were funded by these companies. - Production of Pilot animal products with innovative compositions for studies in human nutrition (performed by AlimH division) and/or in food process (performed by CEPIA division, feed technology). - Use of natural antioxidants in ruminant nutrition to prevent oxidation of beneficial fatty acids in meat: work with a start-up (Phytosynthse) in the field, which uses the results of our laboratories and who grant a licence for use of the patent. - Specific engineering of fish feeding to achieve adequate fatty acid contents of flesh. - Participation in the drafting of recommendations for inclusion in the specifications of meat produced under quality schemes: work and expertise of PHASE scientists allow us to define typical animal products, and are used by industry to develop the specifications (i.e. the accepted rules for production) of their products under quality schemes (PDO, Protected Designation of Origin, Labels, Organic farming, etc).

- Involvement since 2006 of 10 division scientists to the AFSSA, French food safety authority group working on Impacts of husbandry and breeding techniques on fatty acid composition of animal products and human feeding . - Tools for traceability of animal products: 2 patents were registered. - Tools for predicting meat tenderness: 1 patent with breeder organization was registered, licensing under discussion. New livestock systems - Development of innovative livestock systems that respect the environment: (a) Green Piggery to reduce environmental effects (wastes, odours), (b) feeding systems to reduce mineral wastes, (c) management systems to retain soluble contaminants in the litter. These elements were used in developing new regulatory policies. - Study of the consequences of innovative practices (once-a-day milking in ruminants, sequential feeding in poultry, etc), or changes in regulations (poultry cages, dates of weaning). - Development of integrated systems of ovine production under organic farming: a research-development platform allows us to compare different management systems of animals under organic farming conditions and to test husbandry practices (antiparasitic treatments, use of concentrate feeding, management of reproduction), compatible with the specifications of organic farming. - Evaluation of wastes from different fish rearing systems: data used by CIPA (Interindustrial committee for aquaculture and fisheries) and ITAVI (Inter-industrial institute in charge of poultry, rabbit and fish production) for the negotiation with the Ministry of Agriculture and Sustainable Development on the French water framework directive.

CONCLUSION AND PROSPECTS

To conclude, we would like to emphasize the main evolutions of the division since recent years. Scientifically, a large number of scientists have continued to move towards a better investment in integrative biology by using transcriptomic and proteomic approaches on the agronomic species, in spite of difficulties in the development of specific tools at the beginning of the period. These approaches, combined with classical methods

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for the characterization of phenotypes, have allowed PHASE to keep his place in the worldwide competition for physiological explanations of the variability of adult traits. The implication in functional genomics was also improved, but this was more an increase in the use of model animals (mice and fish) than the development of new and specific genetically-modified agricultural models. For the latter, we still need to develop efficient tools for easy genetic engineering, a domain in which we are active and in which our teams are competent, but where the scientific challenges to be overcome are numerous and difficult. The production of these tools for our domestic species will open the door to easily obtainable genetically modified animals. A continuous investment was also made in modelling approaches, from gene networks to livestock systems, passing from cells to tissues, organs and animals. This allowed the development of fruitful cooperation with scientists of a completely different culture (mathematicians) than that existing in PHASE division. The scientific development towards the exploration of sustainable systems of production was more difficult because it needed a more profound change in mentalities and, for a part of the PHASE scientists, a move far from their immediate scientific fields. Scientific investments were made with the idea that PHASE should propose innovations, know-how and explanations linked to livestock productions, not only to farmers but now to all of society. PHASE division should continue to support the reversible continuum between basic science which provides original and competitive results and explanations, and applied science which provides innovations and know-how. Regarding experimental facilities and units,. The objectives were to modernize them ready for a future European accreditation. Units were merged in various sites in order to rationalize and increase the efficiency of the systems and to constitute new units under a renewed management. The budgetary management of the division was oriented in three main directions in order to stabilize the units but stimulate some area of research:

Maintain a minimum direct and non-scientifically orientated budget for units to allow them to develop their own policy Reserve an increasing part of the budget for incitation funds dedicated to the objectives proposed in the strategic agenda, and allowing recently-recruited scientists (especially young ones) to develop new and innovative programs Specific activities open to outside partners to build the initial elements of new programs to be submitted later to ANR (national research agency which is founding research programmes). In the next strategic agenda, PHASE division priorities will firstly to continue the investment in integrative biology and to develop, in close association with GA division (Animal Genetics), a large program of highoutput phenotyping. This would be done under GA responsibility for phenotype characterization of agricultural animals, with a strong implication of the PHASE division for definition of traits and use of experimental units. The second priority is the proposition of a very large program regarding the ecologicalnutritional imprinting of animal products, and its consequences on innovative and sustainable systems of production. Everyone now recognizes that we should adapt our production livestock systems to better integration in their natural environment, thus developing ecologically intensive farming systems, but only a few scientists have reached the objective of proposing systems which can produce under such constraints. One way to change the systems is to provide consumers with an exact and exhaustive indication of the origin, conditions of production and qualities of the products they are consuming. Finally, PHASE division will also continue to support essential programs such as modelling approaches. PHASE will also reorganize research and experimental units and raise facilities to a high standard which will enable them to be used by European partners.

REFERENCES

*** http://www.international.inra.fr/ *** http://www.inra.fr/compact/nav/externe/en/departe ments/ecrans/17

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BACKUniversitatea de tiine Agricole i Medicin Veterinar Iai

BREEDING PROGRAMS AND PROGENY TESTING IN THE TIMES OF GENOMIC SELECTIONJ. AumannBesamungsverein Neustadt a. d. Aisch e. V. Web: www.bvn-online.de, e-mail: [email protected] Genomic selection will be the next big milestone for the development of breeding programs for dairy and dual purpose cattle. The theoretical work was done during the last 8 years since MEUWISSEN (2001) made the first proposal to use genomic information in Genetic Gain cattle breeding programs. During the last years the technology for genotyping Genomic Selection our animals were developed rapidly. Now it is possible to get the genome0,467 A wide information of our breeding animals for 40000 to 60000 Single nucleotide proteins (SNP) for a price of about 250,00 EURO. Therefore it is important for a breeding association or an A.I. Company to plan how this information can be sampled in an optimal way for a utilization in our breeding programs to increase the genetic standard of our breeds. Key words: genomic, genetic markers, progeny, selection

1. Advantages of genomic selection Genomic selection means, that breeding values of animals are derived by the information of 20000 to 60000 loci, which were evaluated by new techniques of detection of genetic markers. Many scientific projects are in progress to estimate breeding values out of this information. In USA, New Zealand and Netherlands systems of genomic selection are in practice since several months. France has announced to start in April 2009 and in Germany July 2009 should be the start of this new technique. All these countries are in strong competition with their Holsteins and therefore the pressure is very high to introduce such a system.

The advantages of genomic selection are that at the age of 12 months a breeding value derived by genomic selection has a reliability of 0,55 to 0,75 for dairy traits. Without genomic selection only a pedigree breeding value with a reliability of about 40% can be derived out of the animal model. If the reliability out of the genomic selection is high enough to use these sires as proofed sires in artificial insemination the generation interval in cattle breeding programs can be reduced drastically. This results then in a much higher genetic progress. L. Shaffer (200 ) pointed out that the genetic progress will be more than twice in comparative to a progeny testing system, if the reliability of the genomic breeding values is 0,75.

Table 1 Four pathways of selection, progeny testing Accuracy Pathway Sire of bulls Sire of cows Selection % 5 20 i 2.06 1.40 2.42 0.27 fn 0.99 0.75 0.60 0.50 Generation Interval, L 6.5 6 5 4.25 21.75 i x fn 2.04 1.05 1.45 0.14 4.68

Dams of bulls 2 Dams of cows 85 Total

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Lucrri tiinifice - vol. 52 seria ZootehnieTable 2 Four pathways of selection, genome-wide strategy Accuracy Pathway Sire of bulls Sire of cows Selection % 5 20 i 2.06 1.40 2.42 0.27 fn 0.75 0.75 0.60 0.50 Generation Interval, L 6.5 6 5 4.25 21.75 i x fn 2.04 1.05 1.45 0.14 4.68

Dams of bulls 2 Dams cows Total of 85

2. Demands for breeding programs National breeding programs have to take into account the international competition. For traits, which are evaluated and used international by organizations like INTERBULL, this breeding programs have to take into account that the genetic progress in those traits should be on the same level as in the other countries. For national breeding programs dairy traits like milk yield and e.g. somatic cell score are much more important than functional traits like longevity, fertility and calving ease.

These farmers try to make sure that the sires, which are used in their herd will lead to high quality progenies. The best known strategy for this is a progeny testing program with at least 100 daughters. This may result in lower selection differentials as if only genomic breeding values are used. 3. Impacts on breeding programs Nearly all specialists in breeding programs want to use genomic information in their breeding programs. Breeds with a high competition between breeding programs in different countries have a much higher pressure to utilize this information. But at this time we do not know about the realized reliability of genomic information and we dont know about the intervals in which the formula for calculating the breeding values out the genomic information should be adapted. In the dual purpose breed Fleckvieh (Baltata Romaneasca) have not such a high pressure from international competition. Therefore we are thinking on a more evolutionary way to introduce genomic selection in our breeding program. Preselection of young test bulls by genomic selection More intensive progeny testing of those sires with 500 instead of 100 daughters Sampling the information on production traits and functional traits out of this test bulls Deriving economic weights under the new situation to optimize the breeding goal

In contrast for breeders these functional traits seem to be more important, since the profit of a breeding herd results mostly from the value of the sold products like milk and breeding animals. Breeding animals can only be sold from the farm if more animals are produced than the farmer needs to replace his herd. Therefore longevity and fertility have a very high importance for single breeders. Since national breeding programs are in international competition and are carried out by breeders which own between 20 and 500 Herd book cows, both parts have to be included in an optimal strategy. From the theoretical approach of quantitative selection a reliability of 60 to 65 % may be enough to select A.I.-bulls and use them to produce 20000 or 30000 progenies in the population. For breeders, especially those with smaller herds below 100 cows, the value of the single animal is to high to believe in a higher increase of the genetic value only on average.

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Working with this steps has the big advantage, that the breeders may follow the elements of the new breeding program. If they learn to work with this genomic information they are much more active in using such techniques in their herds. Since our breeding programs are based on an active work of the farmers, this seems to very important to get a suitable solution for the whole population. This can also be proofed by the inseminations done in our A.I. Station in Germany. About 15 to 20% of our cows are inseminated with sires, which have already many daughters from the second crop and therefore a reliability of 99%. This shows that some milk producers do not trust in our bulls with a reliability of about 80%. It seems to be not reasonable to convince these farmers to use genomic selected bulls. Perhaps it is possible to convince them to use bulls, which were tested with a group of 500 female (dairy) and 500 male (beef) progenies. After introduction of genomic selection some specialized breeding farms may accept genomic breeding values to produce the next generation of test bulls. If both pathways are possible there is a real reduction of the generation interval for our dual purpose breed. This slow strategy gives us the chance to make more evaluations on the development of functional traits with genomic selection. This seems to be very important, because the decision for good and less good breeds will be done in future more on functional traits than on production traits. The discussion about crossbreeding in the Holstein population coming from the USA is mainly based on the fact, that American milk

producers are not satisfied with the longevity, fertility, calving ease and somatic cell count of their cows. Consequences for cattle breeding in Romania For cattle breeding in Romania the introduction of genomic selection may be a good chance to take part in a cooperation of national breeding programs. In Baltata Romaneasca as well as in Holstein you are working strongly together with the populations in Germany, France and Austria. Since this is done for a longer period the Romanian population has many links to western European populations. Therefore the genomic breeding values for Germany and France can also derived for Romanian animals. This gives Romanian breeders the chance to take part in the German testing program and sell animals as test bulls in these populations. For the foreign populations the population from which the test bulls are selected increases and may then be responsible for a higher genetic gain in Romania and Germany or France respectively. This formulated goal may be a little bit optimistic, but long cooperations between Romanian and German partners in the last 10 years - as we carried out in Targu Mures - give me the motivation to continue this in the future. In this context, genomic selection is not only a good chance to improve animal breeding but also the cooperations between the German and the Romanian breeding associations and their breeding programs. 4.

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BACKLucrri tiinifice - vol. 52 seria Zootehnie

PESTICIDES WITH ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING FUNCTION BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSUREB. Georgescu1, Carmen Georgescu2, S. Drban11

Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca 2 Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca

Abstract The enyzme complex P-450 cytocrom is responsible of pollutant biotransformation and neutralization in animal organism. Practically, these enzymes are present in most tissues, being peculiarly good represented in liver. They play a major role in the metabolic pathways of Ist phase reactions. P-450-dependent cytochrom enzymes catalyze oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis reactions, supposing introduction of some reactive groups with high polarity into the pollutant molecule: -OH; -SH; -COOH and NH2. Pollutant biotransformation processes are differently carried on, function of the hidrosoluble or liposoluble nature of the xenobiotic. Liposoluble pollutants are metabolized in the endoplasmatic reticle, while hidrosoluble pollutants are metabolized in other cell organelles. Identification and quantification of enzymes specific activity from this overfamily indicates organism exposure to contaminants, being widely used as biomarkers of environment quality and agro-feeding products. Key words: pollutant, animal bioacumulation, detoxification, cytocrom CYP 1A1

Action assessment of pollutants in environment on animal organisms but also on humans, can be realized as early as initial phase by biomarkers. Pollutant action on animal organism determines modifications in cell and molecules level, including genetic material modifications (DNA), but also the presence of some responsive enzymes (proteins) to pollutant action. Such a family of enzymes is represented by P450 cytochrom (CYP). To the level of February month, 2008, the cytochrom P450 (CYP) enzyme superfamily was constituted of above 7000 representatives with known nucleotides sequence, identified in animals, plants, bacteria and fungus (Pelkonen , et al., 2008). Human genome has as components 57 genes of CYP type. CYP fifteen enzymes from 1, 2 and 3 families metabolize xenobiotics. Other CYP-s present a more narrow specificity for the substratum and principally metabolize endogen substances, as: sterols, fat acids, eicosanoides and vitamins. P450

cytochrom enzymes (CYP) practically are found in all tissues, the best being represented in liver. CYP different representatives can be identified in intestine, lung, kidney, brain, gonads, hart, suprarenal glands, nasal and tracheal mucosa and in skin (Pelkonen, et al., 2008). Xenobiotic conversion into metabolites supposes some enzymatic reactions, classified by Williams (1959) into I-st phase reactions and II-nd phase reactions. From the category of I-st phase reactions , oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis are belonging to, while in the category of II-nd phase reactions , conjugation and synthesis reactions are appointed. Logically, one or more reactions of I-st phase precede reactions of II-nd phase. Metabolic path ways of I-st phase reactions, catalyzed by enzymes of oxidase, reductase and hydrolase category, supposes introduction into pollutant molecule of some reactive groups with high polarity: -OH, -SH, -COOH and

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NH2. Displaying headquarters of biodegradation processes are different function of hydrosoluble or lyposoluble nature of pollutant. Lyposoluble pollutants are metabolized in endoplasmatic reticle, and those hydrosoluble in other cell organelle. Oxidation is catalysed by oxidases which transform a series of exogenous substances such as nitrites, sulphides and sulphites in nitrates and sulphides less nocives. Reduction contents couple reactions of nitro- and amino-derivates reduction with methemoglobinisant products forming and those of pentavalent arsenic reduction into a trivalent compound. Hydrolise supposes desesterification, desamination and hydrolytic scission reactions of some amides and glycosides. Cytochrom P-450 dependant oxidation reactions, represent the first step in most xenobiotic and a lot of endogenous compounds metabolization, including fat acids, prostaglandins, steroids and vitamins. The system P-450 (cytochrom P450 or CYP or CYP-450) represents the generic term for a large number of oxidative enzymes implicated into bacterial, vegetal and animal physiology. The P-450 system is connected to the cell membrane level and it is characterized by two major components: - cytochrome c P-450, an hemoprotein, and - P-450 cytochrome reductase, a flavoprotein which contains FMN and FAD prosthetic groups. This enzyme reduces the cytochrome c and it is known as NADPH-cytochrome c reductase. Another protein cofactor implicated in electron transfer, nearly P-450 cytochrome reductase, is b5 cytochrome. P-450 system uses molecular oxygen in view of oxidation reactions. There are a lot of P-450 izo enzymes, that explain the capacity of this system to oxidize numerous substratum. P-450 izoenzymes present substratum specificity and

specific answer to enzymatic inductors such as Phenobarbital or 3-metylcolantren. In animals there are described two kind of P-450 cytochrome-dependant monooxigenasic systems. The most important, major implicated in xenobiotic biotransformation is expressed in microsomal fraction of endoplasmatic reticle from hepatocytes and extra-hepatic cells (lung, kidney, placenta, tegument intestines, suprarenal, testicular, ocular, pancreatic, mammary, aorta wall, brain, nasal epithelium, colon, salivary glands, prostate, cardiac, lympha ganglions, splenic, thymus and tiroida). The second mono-oxigenasic system is recovered to the mitochondria level, in steroidic cells (suprarenal, ovarian, testicular) and contains a flavoprotein-FAD and a sulphide-iron-protein which make easier the electron transfer from NADP to P-450. The mitochondrial P-450 system is implicated in steroid structure endogenous compounds metabolization, such as cholesterol colecalciferol (D3 25-hydrovitamin), deoxycorticosteron (suprarenal hormone with mineralocorticoide activity) and it is characterized by significant high specificity comparatively to microsome mono-oxygenatic system (Estabrook, 1984). In low concentrations, P-450 cytochrome system also is expressed to nuclear membrane, Golgi apparatus and plasma membrane level . Also, there is a P-450 independent mono-oxygenatic system, placed to the endoplasmatic reticle level from liver and extrahepatic tissues virtually present in all nucleate cells. Flavin-dependent monooxygenase initially was isolated from pig liver (Ziegler and Mitchell, 1972), later on also in other species being identified (rat, mouse, rabbit). The system contains dinucleotid-adenin-flavine co-enzyme (FAD), needs NADPH as co-factor and as physiologic substratum cysteamine which is oxydated to cystamine. Many organic chemical substances are oxidated during arahydonic acid H-

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prostaglandine-syntase conversion into prostaglandine. Xenobiotic oxidation is catalysed by hydroperoxidase of Hprostaglandin-syntase, reaction being defined as co-oxidation. G2 prostaglandine reduction by H-prostaglandine-syntase needs electron donation, usually derived from co-oxidated substratum. Co-oxidation is implicated in biotransformation of some xenobiotics such as benzopyren, diethylstilbestrol or acethaminofen. Some of them, such as benzopyren are converted in strong mutagens as a result of this reaction (Krauss and Eling, 1984). H-prostaglandine syntase activity is strong expressed in extrahepatic tissues with reduced P-450 mono-oxigenasic activity. These tissues include tegument, renal medullary, lung and endothelium cells from vascular walls. Xenobiotic metabolization by peroxidation leads to metabolic compounds which can mediate toxic effects. One of main metabolic pathway for alcohols and aldehydes biotransformation is oxidation by aldehydes and ketones, respectively to carboxylic acids. Aldehyde dehydrogenase is wide distributed in mammal tissues, but being most represented to hepatic level. Aldehydedehydrogenase uses NAD(P)+ as co-factor, and aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes are quickly oxidated to carboxylic acids. Mono-oxidases are disposed at the mitochondria external membrane level, being wide distributed in mammal tissues, excepting erythrocytes and plasma. This enzymatic system catalyses oxidative deamination of many exogen or endogen origin monoamines (ex, amines resulted following intestinal microflora action, amines with neuro-transmission role, etc). P-450 cytochrome dependent reduction reactions take place in aerobic or anaerobic conditions, having as co-factor NADH or NADPH. They intervene in polyhalogenate alcans catalysation. By P-450 cytochrome dependent reduction reactions, are converted pollutants such as DDT,

halothantrichlorinefluormethan, hexachlorinethan and pentachlorinethan. Other classes of xenobiotics metabolized by the same pathway are insaturated hydrocarbons (epoxides), primary amines (hydroxylamines, hydrazo-derivated) and tertiary amines . Hydrolyse reactions are mostly implicated in esther and amide metabolization, but also of compounds converted in epoxides by P-450 system. Hydrolise reactions are integrated in I-st phase reactions because they generate RCOOH, RNH2 and ROH groups, representing sites to whom level conjugation reactions take place (II-nd phase reactions). These catalyse epoxydes hydratation to dihydrodiols and represent important enzymes in toxifyingdetoxifying processes. Aliphatic and aromatic insatured hydrocarbons are converted into epoxydes by P-450 monooxygenases . To their turn, some epoxydes are tied covalent to proteins and DNA, inducing nocives effects such as cell necrosis, acute and chronic toxicity, mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and teratogenesis. Diols resulted following epoxyde hydrolase action are less toxic than substratum, although in the case of some aromatic polycycling hydrocarbons, diols are forerunners of some carcinogenic and mutagenic compounds. There are described two distinct epoxyde hydrolase with their place at the level of endoplasmatic reticle, respectively in cytosol with substratum specificity. As a result of different enzyme groups and intimate mechanisms of P-450 complex enzymes action identification, it appears the possibility of extension studies on a lot of species. Last years researches put in evidence significant data on different organism reactivity from varied terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, as a result of exposure to pollutants, from the perspective of CYP stress responsive enzymes, which are validated as significant biomarkers for environment quality

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assessment. So ,series of researches done on different fish species (Jonsson et al, 2008; Jaksic et al, 2008; Marhon et al, 2008; Ahmad et al, 2004; Corsi et al, 2003; Marrottini et al, 2003) put in evidence the presence and an increasing activity of P450 cytochrome to the level of different organs (liver, kidney, hart, gills, brain, eye etc) as a result of exposure to different pollutants (organochlorineted) and make conclusions that these enzymes can be used as biomarkers of aquatic environment pollution. So, Jonsson et al., (2007) identify in zebra fish (Danio rerio) CYP 1A1; CYP 1B1 and CYP 1C1 enzyme induction, to the level of many organs (gills, hart, kidney, brain, eyes, intestines, gonads) as a result of exposure to PCB-126 (polychorine biphenyl 126). In an other fish species, respectively in anguilla (Anghilla anghilla), Marhon et al (2008) identify CYP 1A1 expression (by RT-PCR method) in gills, as a result of exposure to PCB-77. Also in anghilla, Mariottini et al, (2003) propose use of EROD activity (in muscles) as exposure biomarker to different PCB combinations (polychlorine biphenils). In trout, EROD activity (in gills) can be used as biomarker of water pollution with PCB 126. Corsi et al (2003) use 2 fish species , Zosterisessor ophicephalus and Mugil cephalus to determine PCB and PAH action to liver level by following somatic index of liver (SLI); EROD activity and acetyl-colin-esterase (AChE) activity, these one could be also used as biomarkers of water pollution. Organochlorined pollutants (lyndan) can be monitored by biologic indicator species Gambusia affinis through EROD activity quantification to liver level (Jaksic et al., 2008). The presence of atrazin can induce P-450 1A1 cytochrome activation to liver and carp blood level (Cyprinus carpio), (Chang et al., 2005). Jonsson et al (2003) use many fish species (Salmo salar, Salvelinus alpinus, Gadus mohua, Pollachius vireus and

Anarhichas minor) and following EROD activity to gills level as a result of dioxin action exposure, make conclusions that this biomarker can be used as useful instrument in water pollution monitoring processes. Studies and researches were also realized on bird species to determine the presence of P-450 cytochrome in different organs level as a consequence of pollutant action. Dubois et al., (1996) use quail (Conturnix conturnix) in studies that have in view exposure assessment in different pollutants and identify the presence of CYP 2B increase activity as a result of exposure to lyndan and pentachlorinephenol. Head et al.(2007), as a consequence of embryohepatocyte culture exposure obtained from hen (Gallus gallus) and silver sea-gull (Larus argentatus) to TCDD (dioxin) observe CYP 1A5 induction which can be used as biomarker of exposure to dioxin. Also it were used aquatic mammals (otter and seal) to determine P-450 cytochrome to the cell level of different types. Thus, Hook et al. (2008) use sea otter (Enhydra lutris) and identify CYP 1A1 and CYP 1B1 as a result of exposure to PCB and PAH. Tilley et al (2002) determine in two seal species (Phoca groenlandica and Halichoerus grypus) CYP 1A induction as biomarker of exposure to different contaminants in environment. Induction of CYP 1A increased activity (in epidermal tissue) as a result of PCB, dioxin and furans exposure in seal species (Phoca vitulina) has permitted validation of this one as exposure biomarker to these pollutants. Dubois et al. (1996) identify CYP 1A1 in rat, in the hepatocytes culture as a consequence to lyndan and pentachlorinephenol exposure. Also in rat, Nims et al. (1998) and Ngui et al. (1999) identify induction of a high CYP 2B activity to the hepatic cell level as a result

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of DDT, DDE and DDD exposure, respectively to PCB and Arochlorine. Nearly effected studies on wild animal species, also were realized studies concerning P-450 cytochrome induction, as a result of exposure to different pollutants in environment, to human species. Researches principally were realized on hepatic cells (Hep G2 line) and somatic cells (epithelial) obtained from maternal milk. So, Dehn et al. (2005) expose human hepatic cells (Hep G2) to different organochlorined pollutants (o, p-DDT, dieldrin, endosulphan, kepone, metoxychlorine and toxaphen), obtaining induction of CYP 1A and CYP 1B activation. It was obtained CYP 1A1 expression by human hepatic cells exposure (HepG2) to PCB-77. Some organophosphorous pollutant action (azynphos-metylchlorinepyriphos, diazynon, parathion) on hepatic cells determine induction of CYP 1A2 and CYP 2B6, and these can be used as biomarkers of exposure . In human, it was succeed to determine P-450 cytochrome expression (CYP 1A1) from hepatic cells (epithelial)isolated from maternal milk and establishment of a positive correlation between CYP 1A1 high activity and exposure to dioxin (Diehl-Jones et al., 2000; Yonemoto et al., 2004). Yonemoto et al., (2004) collect human milk (1 week after birth) and establish positive correlations between presence of dioxin in maternal organism and the quantity of CYP 1A1 from somatic cell level in maternal milk (epithelial), doing conclusion that CYP 1A1 expression in somatic cell level from milk can be used as biomarker of maternal organism exposure to dioxin. Identification and quantification of P450 cytochrome (CYP) enzymatic complex activity as stress-responsive reaction of organisms exposure to different environmental pollutants make a circumscription of an impo

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Lucrari Stiintifice Zootehnie Nr 52 2009