Luciano Bani, Dario Massimino, Luciana Bottoni and Renato Massa Luciano Bani, Dario Massimino, Luciana Bottoni and Renato Massa BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION UNIT DEPARTMENT OF LANDSCAPE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF MILANO BICOCCA MILANO, ITALY BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION UNIT DEPARTMENT OF LANDSCAPE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF MILANO BICOCCA MILANO, ITALY 6 th International Association for Landscape Ecology World Congress Darwin (NT, Australia) 13th - 17th July 2003 FOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTURE FOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTURE ECOLOGICAL NETWORK Bani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa FOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTURE OBJECTIVE and EFFECTIVE ECOLOGICAL NETWORK PLANNING IDENTIFICATION OF: Core Areas with their Buffer Zones Linear Corridors Diffuse Corridors Stepping Stones Bani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa FOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTURE BASIC KNOWLEDGE: 1)Minimum area requirements 2)Disruption of landscape connectivity Patch connectivity species gap-crossing abilitiesPatch connectivity species gap-crossing abilities Patterns of habitat destruction connectivity maintained across multiple scales (from coarse to fine)Patterns of habitat destruction connectivity maintained across multiple scales (from coarse to fine) 3)Species-specific landscape connectivity Functional connectionFunctional connection ECOLOGICAL NETWORK IDENTIFICATION PROCEDURE Bani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa FOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTURE FOCAL SPECIES identification Land use Geomorphology Geology Idrology Climate Land use Geomorphology Geology Idrology Climate MODELMODEL Focal species Potential Suitability (Expected abundance) map Focal species Potential Suitability (Expected abundance) map Census Data Focal species Observed Abundance map Focal species Observed Abundance map Landscape Connectivity: Focal species Diffusion Resistancemap Landscape Connectivity: Focal species Diffusion Resistancemap Effective CORE AREAS and BUFFER ZONES Effective CORE AREAS and BUFFER ZONES CORRIDORSCORRIDORS ECOLOGICAL NETWORK IDENTIFICATION PROCEDURE Bani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa FOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTURE Land use Geomorphology Geology Idrology Climate Land use Geomorphology Geology Idrology Climate CORINE Land Cover level 3 EXAMPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL DATA (used for the Multiple-scale Model of the Potential Suitability Map) Digital Elevation Model Bani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa FOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTURE ECOLOGICAL NETWORK IDENTIFICATION PROCEDURE Bani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa FOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTURE Land use Geomorphology Geology Idrology Climate Land use Geomorphology Geology Idrology Climate Census Data Orange dots: Focal species (974) Small grey dots: point counts (5.000+) BIRD CENSUS DATA Bani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa FOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTURE Alps Prealps Apennines Lowland Orobie mountains divide Continental valley ECOLOGICAL NETWORK IDENTIFICATION PROCEDURE Bani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa FOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTURE FOCAL SPECIES identification Land use Geomorphology Geology Idrology Climate Land use Geomorphology Geology Idrology Climate Census Data Bani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa FOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTURE MARSH TIT Parus palustris SHORT-TOED TREECREPER Certhia brachydactyla NUTHATCH Sitta europaea BROAD-LEAVED FOREST FOCAL SPECIES (selection based on environmental selectivity and rarity; see Bani et al. 2002) ECOLOGICAL NETWORK IDENTIFICATION PROCEDURE Bani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa FOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTURE FOCAL SPECIES identification Land use Geomorphology Geology Idrology Climate Land use Geomorphology Geology Idrology Climate MODELMODEL Focal species Potential Suitability (Expected abundance) map Focal species Potential Suitability (Expected abundance) map Census Data FOCAL SPECIES POTENTIAL SUITABILITY MAP obtained by Multiple-Scale Multivariate Linear Model 1.Selection of useful data to perform the model (see Bani et al. 2002) 2.Measuring of environmental variables on different scales (500 m, 1000 m, 2500 m, 5000 m radius plot centered in each point count) 3.Development of Multiple Linear Regression model with stepwise variable selection 4.Model validation by leave-more-out technique Bani, Massimino, Bottoni and Massa FOCAL SPECIES RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOSITION, LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY AND HABITAT STRUCTURE > 1 (Potential suitability)