-
7/28/2019 LTE_HW
1/24
June 2012
LTE in the 2300MHz band(2300-2400MHz)
Enabling Europes Radio SpectrumPolicy Programme with the2300MHz
band for LTE.
-
7/28/2019 LTE_HW
2/24
LTE in the 2300MHz band(2300-2400MHz)
Enabling EuropesRadio Spectrum Policy Programmewith the 2300MHz
band for LTE.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
.................................................................................................................................................................1
THE NEED FOR ADDITIONAL SPECTRUM
........................................................................................................................2
GLOBAL ECOSYSTEM FOR 2300MHz BAND
..................................................................................................................3The
LTE-TDD Ecosystem
........................................................................................................................................................3Spectrum
Availability and Operator Rollouts
Globally..................................................................................3Devices
Availability..................................................................................................................................................................5
EU SPECTRUM HARMONISATION
.........................................................................................................................................6The
Importance of EU Spectrum Harmonisation
...............................................................................................63GPP....................................................................................................................................................................................................6ITU-R
...................................................................................................................................................................................................6APT.......................................................................................................................................................................................................7
ETSI.......................................................................................................................................................................................................7CEPT
/
ECC.......................................................................................................................................................................................7
ACCELERATING SPECTRUM AVAILABILITY
.....................................................................................................................9The
Role of Traditional Auctions
...................................................................................................................................9Innovative
Licensed Shared Access for the 2300MHz
Band....................................................................10
HUAWEI SOLUTION FOR THE 2300MHz BAND
........................................................................................................12Huawei
E2E
Solution............................................................................................................................................................12Huawei
LTE-TDD 2300MHz
Rollouts.........................................................................................................................14Considerations
for Spectrum Engineering Aspects
.......................................................................................15
ANNEX
...................................................................................................................................................................................................17
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............................................................................................................................................................17
GLOSSARY
..........................................................................................................................................................................................18
-
7/28/2019 LTE_HW
3/24
1
Executive Summary
The growth in mobile data trafc is a well-documented phenomenon
which calls or innovative solutions and decision-making. The
EuropeanUnion Radio Spectrum Policy Programme (RSPP) targets,
amongst other important matters, 1200MHz o spectrum which is
available or mobilebroadband rom 2015. Huawei greatly welcomes this
initiative as Europe needs common policy and common objectives or
spectrum harmo-nisation and planning in the longer term.
Indeed, the 100MHz portion o available spectrum in the
2300-2400MHz band (the 2300MHz band hereater) may play a key role
in helpingto meet the EUs Digital Agenda or Europe and RSPP
objectives. This represents the largest near-term opportunity or
new LTE spectrum acrossEurope.
The 2300MHz band has already been defned as a 3GPP eUTRAN band
(band 40) based on a Time Division Duplex (TDD) scheme. First
signi-fcant rollouts have already started in India (Bharti Airtel
operator) and in Saudi Arabia (STC operator), with several others
ollowing by 2013.According to the Global Suppliers Association
(GSA), 43 commercial devices supporting the 2300MHz band are now
available on the market,including multi-band and multi-requency
Customer Premises Equipment (CPE), dongles and portable hotspots,
while tablets and smartphoneswill be commercially available by the
end o 2012. Even the early European adopters will be able to rely
on the economies o scale that arenow being established in other
regions thanks to the global identifcation o the 2300MHz band by
the International Telecommunication Union
(ITU-R) or the IMT amily o technologies.
Huawei encourages national regulators to defne in 2012 a clear
schedule or the release o this requency band, as well as the
adoption at theECC level o appropriate deliverables to eventually
harmonise the 2300MHz band or mobile broadband usage.Huawei
encourages a Decision rom the European Unions Radio Spectrum
Committee (RSC) to acilitate the harmonisation o the technicalusage
rights o this band throughout EU Member States during 2013.
Given the act that the ITU-R identifcation does not preclude
administrations rom permitting deployment o other
radio-communicationservices within this band, it is oreseen that
some o the incumbent applications will remain in the feld in some
markets also over the longerterm. Building on the act that most o
the incumbent users o the 2300MHz band in Europe are not constantly
using this spectrum across allgeographic regions and/or at all
times (sub-optimal spectrum utilisation), Huawei supports the
adoption o the Licensed Shared Access conceptor this band granting
opportunistic secondary usage o underutilised spectrum on a time,
space or requency basis, and enabling predictableQuality-o-Service
(QoS) or both incumbent users and new LSA licensees.
Huaweis end-to-end solutions have already been adopted by the
major LTE 2300MHz rollouts around the globe. Based on the market
requi-rements, specifc solutions are being designed to ully exploit
the potential o such LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD) technology.
Huawei is
running two large-scale LTE-TDD trials in two major cities in
China, involving hundreds o LTE base stations: these trials are
open to operatorsvisits in order to check the LTE-TDD perormance
and gain better understanding o the technical implications behind
LTE-TDD rollouts in arealistic environment.
Note to readers: For any acronyms or terms not spelt out or
explained in ootnotes on frst mention, please reer to the GLOSSARY
on p18.
-
7/28/2019 LTE_HW
4/24
2
THE NEED FOR ADDITIONAL SPECTRUM
Huaweis own predictions are ully in line with the on-going ITU-R
trac growth estimations. The ITU-R has nalised its update 1o the
broadband trac orecasts that were made in preparation o WRC-072.
The data trac volume reported or year 2010 wasmore than ve times
greater than some o the ITU-R estimates rom 2006. Moreover, the
actual trac being experienced by someoperators in 2011 is even
greater than some o the 2020 ITU-R orecasts rom 2006.
The Mobile Broadband Trafc Challenge.
In 2007, the ITU-R issued its predictions 3 on IMT spectrum
requirements by the year 2020. These predictions need to be updated
inline with the revised ITU-R trac orecasts.
Within the European Union, the recently approved Radio Spectrum
Policy Programme has dened the objective o allocating1200MHz to
mobile broadband by 2015: Every eort should be made to identiy at
least 1200MHz o spectrum by 2015 at thelatest. This gure includes
spectrum already in use 4
Future spectrum requirements for IMT.
The 100MHz available in the 2300MHz band would provide a
signicant contribution to meeting the dened targets at both glo-bal
and European level (please reer to the ANNEX on p17 or more
details).
1 ITU-R Report M.2243 (November 2011).2 ITU-R Report M.2072
(2006).
3 Report ITU-R M.2078 Estimated spectrum bandwidth requirements
or the uture development o IMT-2000 and IMT-Advanced.
4 Decision No 243/2012/EU o the European Parliament and o the
Council - March 14th 2012.
-
7/28/2019 LTE_HW
5/24
3
GLOBAL ECOSYSTEM FOR 2300MHz BAND
The LTE-TDD Ecosystem
LTE-TDD is now gaining market traction in all regions as it is
commonly considered in the evolution path o any wireless
cellularTDD technology (TD-SCDMA, UTRA-TDD and WiMAX). LTE-TDD is
an integral part o the 3GPP standards, sharing signicantcommon
properties with LTE-FDD and oering comparable perormance
characteristics with similar high-spectral eciency.
Globally, 80 LTE networks were launched in 38 countries between
December 2009 and June 2012 5. LTE-TDD is now entering matu-rity
stage: 33 trial and 23 commercial LTE-TDD networks launched in
Brazil, India, Japan, Poland, the Russian Federation and
SaudiArabia by April 2012; and several new rollouts will take place
in 2012 also involving the USA and all the BRIC countries
(Brazil,Russia, India and China). All major network equipment
manuacturers stressed the importance o LTE-TDD and have already
laun-ched their LTE-TDD solutions.
LTE-TDD will reach economies o scale comparable with LTE-FDD in
the longer term 6.
With its large spectrum availability (up to 100MHz in the lowest
available TDD band in Europe7
), the 2300MHz band will play amajor role within the European
TDD bands in the short term 8.
Growing support rom global industry or the 2300MHz band is
increasingly evident; in March DIGITALEUROPE clearly stated
itsposition in avour o rapid availability o 2300MHz harmonised
spectrum across Europe 9.
From an early stage, the European 2300MHz market will be able to
leverage economies o scale rom global TDD consolidation,enabled by
the ITU-R global allocation, and by the growing availability o
spectrum, as well as the arrival o suitable end-userdevices.
Spectrum Availability and Operator Rollouts Globally
As will be described in more detail in the EU HARMONISATION
section on p 6, ITU-R WRC-07 identied the 2300MHz band assuitable
or IMT applications globally. Around 60 countries worldwide have
either assigned the 2300MHz band to mobile operatorsto deliver
broadband wireless access services or have announced their
intention to do so within the next two years.
Countries that have assigned 2300MHz spectrum to wireless
broadband operators
or that have expressed intention to do so in the next 1-3
years.
5 GSA Evolution to LTE Report- June 2012 -
http://www.gsacom.com/gsm_3g/ino_papers.php4.).6 Additional
inormation available in June 2012 report rom Ovum LTE TDD goes main
stream-
http://www.itp.net/589543-lte-tdd-to-make-up-25-o-all-lte-by-2016.7
Not considering the 2GHz lower and upper TDD bands (19001920 MHz
and 20102025 MHz) which are being discussed at European level; not
considering the
3GPP band 43 which will not be widely available in the
short/medium term.8 In addition to the 3GPP Band 38: 2570-2620 MHz
(TDD); 3GPP Band 42 3400-3600 MHz (TDD/FDD).9 DIGITALEUROPE Call
For Timely Harmonization o the 1452-1492 MHz and 2300-2400 MHz
bands to support delivery o the EU Radio Spectrum Policy
Programme
Objectives
http://www.digitaleurope.org/Portals/0/Documents/TRPG/Spectrum/DIGITALEUROPE_Position_LBand_and_2300MHz_21-02-2012.pd.
-
7/28/2019 LTE_HW
6/24
4
Most operators own more than 20MHz in the 2300MHz band:
2300MHz band assignments magnitude globally
The ollowing diagram provides inormation on allocations and
assignments among key 2300MHz markets.
Global Magnitude of 2300MHz Band Assignments.
Australia:
In order to gain access to the 2300MHz spectrum, Australian
operator Optus is soon expected to complete its acquisition o
ano-ther Australian operator, Vividwireless. Once conrmed by local
regulatory authorities, Optus will be able to rely on almost all
the98MHz portion o spectrum in the Australian 2300MHz band.
China:
The 2300MHz band is allocated to the Ministry o Inormation
Technology (IMT) in China. China Mobile owns 50MHz in the2300MHz
band which can be used or indoor services at this time (the band is
currently used by radiolocation services). China Mo-bile, having
identied LTE-TDD technology as the long-term evolution o TD-SCDMA,
is expected to increase investments in thenear uture. Additionally
China Mobile is currently undertaking a large-scale LTE-TDD trial
involving the 1900MHz, the 2300MHz
and the 2600MHz TDD bands. Some 1000 eNBs have been rolled out
in six cities in the rst phase (Proo o Concept, completed
inSeptember 2011), 20,000 base stations and multimode user
equipment tests are being perormed in the second phase (R&D
tech-nical experiment and scaled trial) which will expand to nine
cities and will end by December 2012. China Mobile plans to
graduallyupgrade 200,000 TD-SCDMA base stations to LTE-TDD by
2013.
India:
In June 2010, each o six operators acquired one 20MHz license,
with dierent geographic extensions 10, at a total cost o
$US5.2billion. Reliance Industries is the only operator with
pan-Indian coverage while Bharti Airtel was the rst operator to
launch LTE-TDD commercial services in India in April 2012, starting
with Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata and Bangalore. Bharti Airtel has
recentlysigned an agreement or the acquisition o Qualcomm APs BWA
spectrum by 2014 11.
10 Aircel (8 Circles), Augere (1 Circle), Bharti Airtel (4
Circles), Qualcomm & Bhart Airtel (4 important Circles: Delhi,
Mumbai, Haryana and Kerala), Reliance Industries(all the 22
Circles, Tikona (5 Circles).
11
http://www.qualcomm.com/media/releases/2012/05/24/bharti-and-qualcomm-announce-partnership-4g.
-
7/28/2019 LTE_HW
7/24
5
Saudi Arabia:
STC 12 commercially launched its LTE-TDD service in September
2011. This is the biggest LTE-TDD 2300MHz network in the
MiddleEast. By May 2012, STC had already upgraded 1500 base
stations serving 38 cities and is targeting 65% population coverage
byend-2012. In parallel, competitor Mobily has also launched its
2600MHz LTE-TDD network.
Denmark:
In May 2011, a public consultation document entitled A strategy
to nd an extra 600MHz or broadband 13 by the Danish regu-lator NTIA
proposed the availability o the 2300MHz spectrum band by 2015.
Ireland:
In October 2009 ComReg carried out a public consultation on
Release o Spectrum in the 2300-2400MHz band14. In its April
2011consultation, Review o the Period 2008 2010 & Proposed
Strategy or Managing the Radio Spectrum: 2011 201315
ComRegrecognised the great potential [o the 2300MHz band] to
enhance competition and capacity or mobile broadband within
Ire-land, once the ECC harmonisation work has been completed.
According to the recently closed public consultation on its
DratStrategy Statement 2012 201416, ComReg will develop a new
consultation on a uture release o the 2.3GHz band which willalso
include economic analysis o the type o competitive award, ees and
license conditions.
Sweden:
PTS, the Swedish regulator, is considering the 2300MHz band in
its roadmap or the release o more than 500MHz new spectrum
in Sweden. PTS has been planning to release 2300MHz band or some
time. Depending on market demand, spectrum could beauctioned
starting rom 2013. A rst public consultation17 regarding planned
radio use in the 2.3GHz band was held in Novem-ber 2010. A more
recent consultation18 addressing technical issues related to the
2300MHz band (e.g. coexistence matters, bandplan, etc.) was closed
in February 2012.
UK:
The 2300MHz band (2310-2390 MHz) is considered as a prioritised
band or release in the spectrum strategy document19 issuedby the
Department or Culture, Media and Sport in March 2011, which sets
the target o releasing 500MHz below 5GHz rom thepublic sector by
2020.
Devices Availability
A total o 43 LTE-TDD-2300MHz compatible devices were
commercially available in April 201220. Considerable economies o
scalewill be reached by the end o 2012.
Commercial availability of LTE devices (source: GSA).
Multi-band, multi-mode LTE-TDD dongles and CPEs are commercially
available rom all major chipset and device manuacturers,including
the 2300MHz band (3GPP band 40), 2600-TDD (3GPP band 38), as well
as the major LTE-FDD, UMTS and GSM bands.
Smartphones and tablets with similar characteristics will be
commercially available by the end o 2012. Huawei is condent
thatsome outstanding technical issues, such as seamless handover
between FDD and TDD requencies, will be addressed in the
comingmonths and that terminals will allow global roaming as well
as a single, seamless FDD and TDD ecosystem in the near uture.
12 Major operator in the Middle East with 42.8% mobile market
penetration and 99% fxed market penetration in Saudi Arabia.13
https://www.borger.dk/Lovgivning/Hoeringsportalen/Sider/Fakta.aspx?hpid=2146002605.14
http://www.comreg.ie/_fleupload/publications/ComReg0976s.pd.15
http://www.comreg.ie/_fleupload/publications/ComReg1128.pd.16
http://www.comreg.ie/_fleupload/publications/ComReg1237.pd.17
http://www.pts.se/en-gb/Documents/Consultations/200/Public-consultation-regarding-planned-radio-use-in-the-23-GHz-band/.18
http://www.pts.se/en-gb/Documents/Consultations/2012/1Consultation-regarding-planned-radio-use-in-the-23-GHz-band/.19
http://www.culture.gov.uk/images/publications/Spectrum_Release.pd.20
GSA Report Status o the LTE Ecosystem - April, 2012 -
http://www.gsacom.com/gsm_3g/ino_papers.php4.
-
7/28/2019 LTE_HW
8/24
EU SPECTRUM HARMONISATION
The Importance o EU Spectrum Harmonisation
Harmonised spectrum is necessary to ensure sustainable public
mobile broadband services and meet national policy goals.
Spectrumharmonisation can ensure:
Economiesofscaleforstandardisedproducts,
Smoothercross-bordercoordination,
Roamingcapabilitieswithintheregionwhereharmonisationisimplemented.
More generally, regulatory certainty is key or the development o
innovative and competitive services across Europe as it
acilitatesthe development o a healthy and innovative ecosystem.
Regarding the 2300MHz band, while the TDD requency arrangement
has already been identied by 3GPP or band 40, European
regulators still need to carry out some work on the requency
arrangement, coexistence issues and cross-border coordination.
3GPP
The 2300MHz band is already specied as a 3GPP band or both
TD-SCDMA and LTE-TDD since LTE Release 8 21.
3GPP E-UTRA frequency bands - TS 36.104 v8.1.0 (2008-03).
Intra-band Carrier Aggregation (CA) within the 2300MHz was
already specied in 3GPP Rel. 10, while inter-band CA involving
the2300MHz band has not been specied at this time.
ITU-R
ITU-R WRC-07 identied the 2300MHz band as suitable or the IMT
amily o technologies in all three ITU-R regions while,according to
ootnote 5.384A 22, this allocation does not preclude
administrations rom permitting deployment o other
radio-communication services within this band.
ITU-R allocations in 2300-2400 MHz (WRC-07).
The ITU-R recommends 23 the un-paired requency arrangements or
implementation o IMT in the 2300MHz band.
ITU-R preferred frequency arrangement (M. 1036-01 Annex 4).
6
21 3GPP TS 36.104 V8.1.0 (2008-03).22 The provision 5.384A o
Radio Regulation states: The bands, or portions o the bands,
1710-1885MHz, 2300-2400MHz and 2500-2690MHz, are identifed or
use by administrations wishing to implement IMT in accordance
with Resolution 223 (Rev.WRC 07). This identifcation does not
preclude the use o these bands by
any application o the services to which they are allocated and
does not establish priority in the Radio Regulations (WRC 07).23
Recommendation ITU-R M.1036.
-
7/28/2019 LTE_HW
9/24
-
7/28/2019 LTE_HW
10/24
Since 2010, important work has been carried out in CEPT to solve
pending issues along a path towards ull harmonisation o the2300MHz
band or the European market.
ECC WG SE
The ETSI Systems Reerence Document rom August 2010 prompted the
ECC eorts (WG SE Project Team SE7) towards greatercompatibility o
broadband wireless services, including mobile broadband, with
existing services in the 2300MHz band and inadjacent bands.
The ECC Report 172 Broadband Wireless Systems or 2300-2400MHz 28
was approved in March 2012 covering:
CompatibilitybetweenBWSandexistingservices(in-bandandout-ofband),
CompatibilitybetweenadjacentBWSoperators,
Cross-bordercoordinationmeasures.
For in-band compatibility, the Report reaches the conclusion
that large separation distances will be required or BWS
co-channeloperation with telemetry systems and unmanned aviation
(UAV), and that such distances are not easible where BWS and
theseapplications are co-located. Co-channel operation may be
acilitated i simultaneous operation o BWS and telemetry/UAV can
beavoided.
In terms o adjacent band compatibility, the Report states that
adjacent services may be protected with appropriate
mitigationtechniques which may include requency separation,
separation distance, additional ltering, and site engineering to
protect exi-sting services and systems. A brie summary is provided
in the diagram below.
Summary of ECC Report 172 conclusions.
SE7 is also developing appropriate measures to assist
administrations in border coordination.
28
http://www.erodocdb.dk/Docs/doc98/ofcial/pd/ECCREP172.PDF.
8
-
7/28/2019 LTE_HW
11/24
ECC WG FM
ECC WG FM has recently shared the results rom a questionnaire 29
to the European administrations in order to better assess
currentnational utilisations and plans beore proceeding with the
denition or the uture 2300MHz ramework.
The questionnaire has received a lot o attention, the summary
rom WG FM on the 40 responses received is reported below.
Current utilisation: 27 countries currently use all or parts o
the band or PMSE applications (PMSE includes SAP/SAB and ENG/OBas
dened in ECC Report 002, the answers also include mention o
cordless cameras, video links etc.). Other considerable
usageamongst countries in this band (indicated or at least ve
countries): amateur services, aeronautical telemetry (ERC REC
62-02),governmental use (incl. military), mobile applications
(wireless access, IMT), xed links.
Future plans: 17 countries stated their plan to allow use o all
or part o the requency band by IMT, BWA, BWS, mobile applica-tions,
or to introduce the concept o technology and service neutrality.
While 12 countries stated that they have no plan to changecurrent
utilisation (reerring to PMSE and other incumbent applications).
One country stated that other applications such as mo-bile
broadband could possibly be introduced on a geographically
coordinated basis. Some additional countries (ve counted inaddition
to the 17 mentioned beore) indicated that they might support an
EC/ECC harmonisation measure or this band, withoutspeciying a
preerred or planned radio application i this were carried out. Two
countries mentioned MBANS under uture plansor this band.
As a consequence o the interest shown by the majority o the
administrations, Huawei welcomes the ECC WG FM decision tosetup a
dedicated Project Team rom September 2012 to work on 2300MHz band
harmonisation. The coexistence with the con-
tinued operation o some incumbent users o the 2300MHz band will
be specically addressed also with the exploitation o anappropriate
regulatory ramework which could involve the Licensed Shared Access
approach see the ACCELERATING SPECTRUMAVAILABILITY section on p10
or more details.
Huawei encourages national regulators to dene in 2012 a clear
schedule or the release o this requency band, as well as
theadoption at the ECC level o appropriate deliverables to
eventually harmonise the 2300MHz band or mobile broadband
usage.Huawei encourages a Decision rom the European Unions Radio
Spectrum Committee (RSC) to acilitate the harmonisation o
thetechnical usage rights o this band throughout EU Member States
during 2013.
ACCELERATING SPECTRUM AVAILABILITY
The Role o Traditional Auctions
Huawei believes that the consolidated individual assignment o
spectrum usage rights, as dened within the European
RegulatoryFramework 30, should remain the preerred spectrum
management approach or the longer term. Such assignment procedures
canprovide ull guarantees to individual license holders o spectrum
resources, thus acilitating the management o coexistence
andenabling investment decisions in a ully predictable
environment.
It is expected that some countries will be able to carry out
traditional auctions or the 2300MHz band when making these
requen-cies available to mobile broadband operators. For example,
current utilisation o this requency band in Sweden may allow
thesetup o a traditional auction in the near uture.
Nevertheless, it is now evident that the growing utilisation o
the requencies below 6GHz may not always allow the ull
availa-bility o a new requency band or LTE in the uture. In such
cases it may be reasonable to employ more dynamic approaches
tospectrum management.
Harmonisation in any given requency band has so ar been combined
with the rearming and the clearing o that band romlegacy services
and users and the subsequent exclusive allocation o the band to
another use e.g. mobile services/networks. Whenull clearing the
spectrum is not possible the complementary Licensed Shared Access
(LSA) regulatory approach may be an alter-native solution to access
new requency bands including the 2300 MHz band.
29
http://www.cept.org/ecc/tools-and-services/ecc-questionnaires/list-o-fnalised-questionnaires-2010-2011.30
Directive 2002/20/EC on the Authorisation o Electronic
Communications Networks and Services (Authorisation Directive) -
March 2002; as amended by Directive2009/140/EC November 2009.
9
-
7/28/2019 LTE_HW
12/24
Innovative Licensed Shared Access or the 2300MHz Band
As previously described, both the ITU-R WRC-07 decisions and the
European Common Allocation table identied the 2300MHzband as
suitable or inclusion within the IMT amily o technologies, while
not precluding administrations rom permitting de-
ployment o other radio-communication services within this
band.
The 2300MHz range has been allocated to xed, mobile,
radiolocation and amateur services (the rst two on a primary basis
withthe second two on a secondary basis). In many cases, depending
on national circumstances, these applications may not use theentire
band in all locations or at all times. It is also understood that
not all o the incumbent services (aeronautical telemetry, ENG/OB,
xed links, wireless cameras, PPDR) will be re-armed to other
requencies in the oreseeable uture: some o them in somemarkets will
have to remain over the longer term.
There is a need thereore to dene ways to allow smooth and
permanent coexistence between mobile services and these incum-bent
services. Many approaches may be adopted including the denition o
separation distances or restricted sub-bands withmore stringent BEM
requirements. The application o cognitive radio technologies within
the context o individual licensing alsorepresents a viable
option.
Licensed Shared Access (LSA)
Within the wider debate on the adoption o dynamic spectrum
management techniques, the denition o the specic LSA appro-ach has
gained interest at the European regulators level: the European
Commission, the RSPG, the CEPT and ETSI have already
started to address LSA.
LSA was initially proposed by an industry consortium 31 in
response to the RSPG consultation on Cognitive Radio Technologiesin
January 2011. The rst denition o LSA was provided by the RSPG in
its November 2011 Report on Collective Use o Spectrum(CUS) and
Other Spectrum Sharing Approaches 32, It stated: An individual
licensed regime of a limited number of licensees in afrequency
band, already allocated to one or more incumbent users, for which
the additional users are allowed to use the spectrum(or part of the
spectrum) in accordance with sharing rules included in the rights
of use of spectrum granted to the licensees, the-reby allowing all
the licensees to provide a certain level of QoS.
LSA could act as a regulatory enabler to make additional
harmonised spectrum available or mobile broadband with
predictableQoS guarantees. LSA may be capable o overcoming the
time, resource and political constraints associated with band
clearing,while at the same time, recognising the legitimate need or
the long-term operations o incumbent users in certain bands.
The LSA is a ramework to share spectrum between a limited
numbers o users. Under this concept, the existing spectrum
user(s)(the incumbent(s)) would share spectrum with one or several
licensed LSA users (LSA licensee(s)) in accordance with a seto
pre-dened conditions. These conditions may be static (e.g. specic
exclusion zone or time allowed or operation) or moredynamic (e.g.
geographic/time sharing, on-demand authorisation by LSA licensees
or on-demand restrictions imposed by incum-bents). Dynamic
implementation o LSA could take advantage o the recent advances in
cognitive technology, allowing spectrumsharing on a requency-,
location- and time-sharing basis. However, in the case o the
incumbent(s) imposing restrictions, a systemor updating,
maintaining and providing the access conditions would rst need to
be established. A key eature o LSA is to ensurea predictable
quality o service or all spectrum rights holders, network operators
and or consumers.
The Licensed Shared Access concept.
31
http://rspg.groups.eu.int/consultations/consultation_cognitiv_2010/qualcomm_nokia_0114.pd.32
http://rspg.ec.europa.eu/_documents/documents/meeting/rspg26/rspg11_392_report_CUS_other_approaches_fnal.pd.
10
-
7/28/2019 LTE_HW
13/24
ECC WG FM work on the application o the LSA concept to the
2300MHz band
Ater nalising its report on LSA (ASA at that time) 33 and based
on the questionnaire 34 to the European administrations to
betterassess current national utilisations and uture plans or the
2300MHz band, the WG FM has recently decided to set up a
ProjectTeam that will work on the 2300MHz harmonisation, while also
considering the adoption o the LSA concept to protect incumbent
services. The exact Term o Reerences or this Project Team are
now being discussed.ETSI work on the application o the LSA concept
to the 2300MHz band
Recent work in May 2012 rom ETSI Technical Committee on
Recongurable Radio Systems (ETSI TC RRS) approved a new workitem:
Mobile broadband services in the 2300-2400MHz requency band under
Licensed Shared Access regime. This work item willdevelop a System
Reerence Document or mobile broadband services in the 2300MHz band
under an LSA regime. The objectiveo the work item is to enable
access to this band or mobile broadband services in those CEPT
countries where access to the bandis complex due to the incumbent
uses. The system reerence document will outline:
Expectedusagescenarios,
Technicalcharacteristicsandparametersnecessarytodescribethespectrumneedsandperformancerequirementsforthede-ployment
o mobile broadband services under the LSA regime, while meeting the
constraints o mutual coexistence betweenmobile broadband services
and incumbent users based on already existing/urther CEPT spectrum
sharing and compatibilitystudies,
Thehigh-levelfunctionsrequiredtomanage/complywiththerequirementsforthedeploymentofmobilebroadbandservi-
ces under the LSA regime.
This System Reerence Document is expected to be completed by
February 2013, ETSI TC RRS is also expected to undertake
urtherstandardisation work on LSA, such as system architecture,
protocols and technical specications.
33 http://www.cept.org/ecc/groups/ecc/wg-m/cg-crs.34
http://www.cept.org/ecc/tools-and-services/ecc-questionnaires/list-o-fnalised-questionnaires-2010-2011.
11
-
7/28/2019 LTE_HW
14/24
HUAWEI SOLUTION FOR THE 2300MHz BAND
Huawei E2E Solution
Huaweis end-to-end (E2E) capability includes all the network
nodes as well the dierent types o end-user equipment. HuaweisE2E
solution will gradually adopt technical solutions such as
Beamorming, CoMP and eMBMS which can help exploit TDD andprovide
higher spectral eciency.
Exploiting TDD channel reciprocity or highest spectral
eciency
Thanks to uplink and downlink channel reciprocity (ensured by
the act that the same portion o spectrum is used in both
linkdirections), TDD technology has unique coordination abilities,
such as Beamorming; a multi-antenna technique improving
systemperormance by utilising channel-state inormation to achieve
transmit-array gain. Many chipsets, such as the HiSilicon
Balongseries, already support Beamorming. Results rom Huawei show
that, across the 3GPP standard in Release 8~10, Single
Layer,Dual-Layer and Multi-user Beamorming can generate cell
throughput gain o 15%, 15% and 10% respectively. Adoption o
Beamorming and Coordinated Multi-Points (CoMP) called
Co-ordinated Beamorming (CBF) can urther enhance networkperormance
because intererence is mitigated between inter-eNodeBs.
Exploiting TDD uplink to downlink ratio fexibility
TDDs fexible and congurable uplink to downlink ratio allows it
to adapt to the va-riable uplink/downlink trac asymmetries (video
downloads may represent a conside-rable share in the overall trac
across a certain network leading to 1:4 to 1:6 uplink todownlink
asymmetry).
For Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services, the UL/DL
conguration fexibility canbetter ull these kinds o heavy downlink
video applications to o-load trac andprovide creative triple play
or quadruple play bundling services.
The industry is now working on more LTE-A eatures such as
Carrier Aggregation whichwas demonstrated to reach a single user
throughput o up to 520Mbps 35.
Huaweis approach to HetNet and Hotspots
The considerable amount o available spectrum (up to 100MHz)
allows 2300MHz to become an important capacity band or LTE.
Even i multi-carrier Macro-sites will suce or most areas in a
network, there might be pockets o dense trac or poor coveragewhich
might require an additional layer o Small Cell coverage (micro-,
pico-, emto-,).
Huaweis HetNet to address hotspots and coverage holes.
LTE TDD ability to supportasymmetric trafc.
35
http://www.wireless-mag.com/News/20822/Huawei_showcases_4x4_MIMO_carrier_aggregation_solution_or_TDD-LTE_.aspx.
12
-
7/28/2019 LTE_HW
15/24
The Macro-layer will provide common coverage or most end user
services while the Small Cell layer will provide precision
coverageor coverage or holes and hotspots.
Although localised coverage is not a new concept, the lack o
mobility and resource coordination between Macro- and Small
Celllayers may lead to signicantly lower gains rom the added Small
Cell layer. Huaweis HetNet solutions allow coordination betwe-
en the scalable Small Cell layer and the Macro-Cell layer
enabling operators to increase the available capacity and optimise
thespectrum utilisation.
Huaweis HetNet solutions provide Macro- and Small Cell
collaboration. This means dierent layers can share the same
requen-cies36 to enable load sharing, coverage/service/speed/load
handover collaboration between layers.
Carrier Aggregation
The Carrier Aggregation (CA) eature has been dened starting rom
LTE-A 3GPP Rel.10 in order to allow wider than 20MHz chan-nels
bandwidths through the aggregation o contiguous and non-contiguous
component carriers rom the same band (intra-bandCA) or rom dierent
bands (inter-band CA).
Intra-band CA within the 2300MHz was already specied within 3GPP
Rel. 10, while inter-band CA involving the 2300MHz bandhas not been
specied at this time.
The ollowing diagram shows two examples o CA involving the
2300MHz band. The aggregation o carriers rom the 2300MHzand the
2600MHz TDD bands seams particularly interesting also rom the
2600MHz band perspective where rather small portionso spectrum
(i.e. smaller than 20MHz) have been assigned in some cases.
Two examples of 2300MHz Carrier Aggregation for LTE Rel. 11 /
12.
Huawei End-user Devices
In September 2011, the E392-92 USB dongle rom Huawei became
commercially available supporting: LTE-TDD:
2300/2600MHz;DC-HSPA+/UMTS: 900/2100MHz; GSM
850/900/1800/1900MHz.
On November 2011, the rst LTE-TDD/WCDMA multi-mode Mobile WiFi
device (E589u) was launched or: LTE-TDD:
2300/2600MHz;DC-HSPA+/UMTS: 900/2100MHz; WiFi.
Beore the end o this year Huawei will launch its multi-band and
multi-mode LTE-TDD smartphone as well as various other ver-sions o
indoor and outdoor CPEs, dongles, MiFi, etc.
Huawei 2300MHz band device portfolio (June 12).
36 3GPP Release 8/9 Inter Cell Intererence Coordination eatures
requires specifc enhancements in order to deal with cross-layer
intererence control.
B593s-82 Indoor CPE
LTE-TDD: 2300/2600 MHz.
B222s-40 Outdoor CPE
LTE-TDD: 2300 MHz.
E392-92 USB dongle
LTE TDD: 2300/2600 MHz
HSPA+UMTS: 900/2100 MHz
GSM: 850/900/1800/1900 MHz.
E589u MiFi device
LTE TDD: 2300/2600 MHz
HSPA+UMTS: 900/2100 MHz
GSM: 850/900/1800/1900 MHz
Multi-band, multi-mode
smartphone.
13
-
7/28/2019 LTE_HW
16/24
Huawei LTE-TDD 2300MHz Rollouts
Huawei has played a signicant role in the promotion o the
LTE-TDD in the 2300MHz band globally: ten WiMAX contracts
weresigned between Q4 2007 and Q4 2010, eleven LTE-TDD contracts
have been signed more recently including our migration projects
rom WiMAX to LTE-TDD.
Among others, Bharti Airtel and STC commercial contracts have
already translated into two major LTE-TDD commercial rollouts
inIndia and Saudi Arabia respectively.
Bharti Airtel - India
Bharti Airtel was the rst operator to launch LTE-TDD commercial
services in India in April 2012 starting rom the areas o Mum-bai,
Delhi, Kolkata and Bangalore. About 1500 eNBs have been rolled out
at this point while the target is to increase the numbero base
stations to 20,000 in the next ve years. MIMO2x2, MIMO4x4 and
Beamorming have been utilised, while specic ltershave been added to
the RRUs to ensure smooth coexistence. The LTE 2300MHz solution has
been consistently integrated with WiFiCarrier class solution. The
E2E solution leveraged on Huawei multi-band and multi-mode CPEs and
USB dongle devices (CPE: B593,USB: E392).
STC - Saudi ArabiaSTC operator 37 commercially launched its
LTE-TDD service in September 2011: the biggest LTE-TDD 2300MHz
network in theMiddle East using 52MHz o spectrum. Already by May
2012, STC had upgraded 1500 base stations serving 38 cities and is
targeting65% population coverage by end-2012
STC sites are enabled with Huawei SingleRAN base stations which
support GSM900, GSM1800, UMTS2100 and LTE2300 in the samecompact
cabinet.
LTE-TDD 2300MHz Large Scale Trials - China
A large-scale LTE-TDD trial is taking place in cooperation with
China Mobile and several other vendors involving both the
2300MHzand 2600MHz TDD bands, as well as the 1900MHz TD-SCDMA band.
Some 1000 eNBs have been rolled out in six cities in the rstphase
(proo o concept, completed in September 2011), 20,000 base stations
and multimode user equipment tests are being per-ormed in the
second phase (R&D technical experiment and scaled trial) which
will expand to nine cities and will end by December2012. China
Mobile plans to gradually upgrade 200,000 TD-SCDMA base stations to
LTE-TDD by 2013.
97Macrosites(2600MHz)+13Indoor(2300MHz)were rolled out in
Shenzhen since July 2011.
TheLargestTD-SCDMA/LTE-TDDdual-modenet-work in China,
Duetolocalregulatoryconstraintsthe2300MHzband is utilised or
indoor coverage only with theadoption o Huawei Distributed Antenna
Systemsolution.
500sitesupgradedandreadyforpre-commercia-lisation by May
2012.
Sitedistance:300m~500m.
Bandwidth:20MHz.
Antennaconguration:8T8R.
Shenzhen downtown. Hangzhou downtown.
37 A major operator in the Middle East with 42.8% mobile market
penetration and 99% fxed market penetration in Saudi Arabia.
14
-
7/28/2019 LTE_HW
17/24
Considerations or Spectrum Engineering Aspects
In light o the upcoming ECC work or the harmonization o the
2300MHz band or Europe, Huawei is sharing eld experience andrelated
general considerations on spectrum engineering.
European preerred harmonized band plan and auctions design
The European regulators working on the preerred harmonized band
plan, the Least Restrictive Technical Conditions and on
thesubsequent national auctions design will have the opportunity to
benet rom extensive eld experiences rom other areas in theworld.
The ollowing text provides some indications based on Huawei current
eld experience:
TDD-onlyshouldbeconsidered,withoutmixingofFDDandTDDduplexingmodes,
5MHzchannelrastershouldbeadopted,
Auctionsshouldtargetassignmentsofatleast20/30MHzlicensesatnationallevel(dependingonthespecicnationalcon-straints
and competition environment) to guarantee optimal utilization by
each o the winning bidders,
Thenationalregulatorsauctionguidelinesshouldcontainwelldeedspectrumcapsdeningthemaximum(e.g.50MHz)and
minimum (e.g.20MHz) amount o spectrum that can be acquired by one
operator as a result o the auction process,
Nation-widelicencespreferred.
Preferred Band Plan proposal and auction design
considerations.
Intererence mitigation
Several intererence cases may arise when rolling out an LTE-TDD
network in the 2300MHz:
Inter-operatorinterferencebetweentheLTE-TDDoperatorsusingadjacentchannels(withdifferentTDDuplink/downlinkratios)
in the 2300MHz band,
Intersysteminterferencewithotherserviceswithinthe2300MHzband,
Intersysteminterferencewithotherservicesintheupperandloweradjacentbands.
Various mitigations tools have been already implemented in
existing rollouts in order to address each o the above
intererencesituations:
Mitigation option #1:
AdoptionofthesameTDDuplinktodownlinkratioandsynchronisation(fortheinter-operatorinterferencecase)
Mitigation option #2:
A combination o the ollowing mitigation tools:
Guardbandsand/orrestrictedblocks
AdditionalnarrowbandltertobeappliedateNBtransmitter,
Sitecoordinationbetweenoperators:inter-sitedistanceseparation(fornon-co-locatedsites)andantennaseparationdistan-ces
(or co-located sites),
ReductionoftheeNBoutputpower.
15
-
7/28/2019 LTE_HW
18/24
Interference mitigation tools.
To ensure the required coexistences, the overall mitigation
solution will consist in a trade-o o the above techniques. The
regu-lation should be designed in such a way that operators /
parties will still maintain the possibility to negotiate the most
suitablespecic mitigation solution.
Inter-operator intererence mitigation (intra-band,
intra-system):
The reciprocal alignment o operators synchronizations, when
easible, is the most ecient solution as it does not require
inter-operator guard bands leading to optimal spectrum utilization
38.
Adjacent band intererence mitigation (inter-band,
inter-system):
Suitable mitigation solutions (including the introduction o a
guard band / restricted block, separation distance, additional
lte-ring, site engineering) can be dened to protect existing
services and systems (space to earth services, telemetry, radio
astronomy,deence systems, xed service, RLANs) in the neighbouring
bands.
In line with ECC Report 172 conclusions, a 10 MHz guard band
should be reserved to guarantee smooth coexistence with
RLANservices in the neighbouring band above (2400-2483.5 MHz).
Huawei has already rolled out commercial networks integrating
LTE2300 and WiFi, several scenarios have been addressed successully
including the Huawei TDFI solution where the LTE-TDD 2300device
receives the LTE-TDD signals rom the Macro LTE-TDD network and then
relays then towards the end users using WiFi. Va-rious other
mechanisms can signicantly contribute to the overall solution
including the possibility or WiFi, i experiencing highintererence,
to switch to a channel away rom the most interered channel, LTE-TDD
2300MHz + WiFi device may close its LTEsession and re-establish its
data session on WiFi, LTE-TDD + LTE-FDD + UMTS multi mode devices
may perorm an handover to LTE-
FDD (or UMTS) to urther mitigate intererence.
In-band, inter-system intererence mitigation:
ECC Report 172 reaches the conclusions: the simultaneous
operation in a co-channel and co-location conguration o BWS
andsystems other than Telemetry systems / UAV is easible with
manageable constraints. Simultaneous operation o the BWS in a
co-channel conguration with Telemetry Systems / UAV is easible only
with large separation distances. These separation distancesare not
easible in situations where BWS and Telemetry systems/UAV are
co-located. Co-channel operation may be acilitated isimultaneous
operation o BWS and telemetry / UAV can be avoided. In Huawei
opinion, the Licensed Shared Access rameworkmight represent to
address the most challenging co-channel coexistence scenarios.
The eNB emission mask
Transmit power should be kept suciently high to allow
economically sustainable rollouts, the ollowing gures provide the
ap-propriate trade o according to Huawei:
EIRPlimitout-of-band0-5MHz: 4dBm/MHzEIRPlimitout-of-band5-10MHz:
-20dBm/MHzEIRPlimitout-of-band>10MHz:
-35dBm/MHzEIRPlimitinWiFiband: -55dBm/MHz
The values above are valid or the recommended case o common
synchronization between LTE-TDD operators, dierent limitswill be
required in the alternative case.
38 By synchronizing to a common time reerence and using the same
subrame confguration, dierent LTE-TDD operators operating in the
same geographical area in neighboring requencies
can coexist with each other without guard bands. Existing
synchronization methods (GNSS, IEEE 1588v2, air-interace
synchronization etc.) can provide suitable perormance in
bothoutdoor and indoor deployment scenarios.
eNB emission limits.
16
-
7/28/2019 LTE_HW
19/24
ANNEX
The Radio Spectrum Policy Programme targets, amongst other
important matters, 1200MHz o spectrum which is available or mobile
bro-adband rom 2015 (in total). Huawei greatly welcomes this
initiative as Europe needs common policy and common objectives or
spectrumharmonisation and planning in the longer term.
Having analysed the dierent options, the table below provides a
summary o the bands that Huawei considers should be frst
addressed.The table shows the important contribution that the
2300MHz band can bring.
New MBB bands for the medium term.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Huawei is grateul to the important work o the Global Suppliers
Association, providing reliable and up-to-date inormation on the
deve-lopment o the LTE market. The GSA Evolution to LTE Report rom
June 2012 and the GSA Report Status o the LTE Ecosystem romApril
2012 have been used as input to some parts o this paper.
17
-
7/28/2019 LTE_HW
20/24
18
Glossary
3GPP 3rd Generation Partner ProjectACIR Adjacent Channel
Intererence Ratio
ACLR Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio
ACS Adjacent Channel Selectivity
AFH Adaptive Frequency Hopping
ANR Automatic Neighbour Relation
AP Access Point
APAC Asia Pacifc
APT ASIA-PACIFIC TELECOMMUNITY
AWF APT Wireless Forum
AWG APT Wireless Group
AS Amateur Service
BBU Baseband Processing Unit
BEM Block Edge Mask
BS Base Station
BW Bandwidth
BWA Broadband Wireless Access
BWS Broadband Wireless System
CAPEX Capital Expenditure
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
CEPT European Conerence o Postal and Telecommunications
Administrations
CoMP Coordinated Multi-Point
CPE Customer Premises Equipment
CR Cognitive Radio
CRS Cognitive Radio System
DEC Decision
DL Downlink
DRS Data Relay Service
EC European Commission
ECA European Common Allocation
ECC Electronic Communications Committee
ECS Electronic Communications Services
EESS Earth Exploration Satellite Service
EIRP Eective Isotropic Radiated Power
eMBMS evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services
ENG/OB Electronic News Gathering and Outside Broadcasting
ERC European Radio Committee
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
EU European Union
eUTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
FCC Federal Communications Commission
FDD Frequency Division Duplex
FWA Fixed Wireless Access
Gbps Gigabit per secondGSA Global Suppliers Association
GSM Global System or Mobile communications
HetNet Heterogeneous Network
HSPA High Speed Packet Access (HSDPA with HSUPA)
ICIC Inter-Cell Intererence Coordination
IMT International Mobile Telephony
ISM Industrial Scientifc Medical
ITU International Telecommunication Union
ITU-R International Telecomm. Union Radiocomm. Sector
Kbps Kilobits per second
LTE-A LTE Advanced
-
7/28/2019 LTE_HW
21/24
19
MBB Mobile BroadbandMbps Megabit per second
MCL Minimum Coupling Loss
MFCN Mobile/Fixed Communications Networks
MIMO Multiple Input / Multiple Output
MLB Mobility Load Balancing
MMDS Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service(s).
ms millisecond
MSR Multi Standard Radio
MSS Mobile Satellite Services
N/A Not Applicable
N/A Not Available
NTIA National Telecomm. Industry Administration
OOB Out O Band
OoS Quality o Service
LTE Long Term Evolution
LTE-A LTE Advanced
OPEX Operating Expenses
OSS Operational Support System
PMR Private Mobile radio
RAN Radio Access Network
RAS Radio Astronomy Service
REC Recommendation
Rel.X Release 99, Release 5, etc. o 3GPP Standards
RF Radio Frequency
RR Radio Regulation
RRU Remote Radio Unit
RSPG Radio Spectrum Policy Group
RSPP Radio Spectrum Policy Programme
RX Receiver
SAP/SAB Services Ancillary to Programme making/Services
Ancillary to Broadcasting
SDR Sotware Defned Radio
SON Sel-Organising Network
SR Space Research
SRD Short Range Device
SRS Space Radio Services
TCO Total Cost o Ownership
TDD Time Division Duplex
TLM Telemetry
TS Terminal Station
TVWS TV White Spaces
TX Transmitter
UAS Unmanned Aircrat System
UAV Unmanned Aerial VehicleUE User Equipment
UHF Ultra High Frequency
UL Uplink
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
UTRAN UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
VHF Very High Frequency
VoIP Voice over IP
WiMAX Worldwide interoperability or Microwave Access
WP5D Working Party 5D
WRC World Radio Conerence
-
7/28/2019 LTE_HW
22/24
20
Notes
-
7/28/2019 LTE_HW
23/24
21
Notes
-
7/28/2019 LTE_HW
24/24
