LTE Radio Network Planning_VENU

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

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LTE Radio Network

Jun.08th 2010

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 2Huawei Confidential

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Charter 1 LTE basic principleCharter 1 LTE basic principle

Charter 2 LTE Roll-out strategy

Charter 3 LTE Dimensioning

Charter 4 LTE Pre-sale Simulation

Charter 5 LTE RNP Solutions



LTE frequency bands


LTE Network Architecture Main Network Element of LTE

The E-UTRAN consists of e-NodeBs, providing the user plane and control plane.

The EPC consists of MME, S-GW and P-GW.

eNB

MME / S-GW MME / S-GW

eNB

eNB

S1

S1

X2 E-UTRAN

internet

eNB

RB Control

Connection Mobility Cont.

eNB MeasurementConfiguration & Provision

Dynamic Resource Allocation (Scheduler)

PDCP

PHY

MME

S-GW

S1MAC

Inter Cell RRM

Radio Admission Control

RLC

E-UTRAN EPC

RRC

Mobility Anchoring

EPS Bearer Control

Idle State Mobility Handling

NAS Security

P-GW

UE IP address allocation

Packet Filtering

RRC: Radio Resource ControlPDCP: Packet Data Convergence ProtocolRLC: Radio Link Control MAC: Medium Access ControlPHY: Physical layerEPC: Evolved Packet CoreMME: Mobility Management EntityS-GW: Serving GatewayP-GW: PDN Gateway

Compare with traditional 3G network, LTE architecture becomes much more simple and flat, which can lead to lower networking cost, higher networking flexibility and shorter time delay of user data and control signaling.

Network Interface of LTE The e-NodeBs are interconnected with each other by means of the X2 interface, which enabling direct

transmission of data and signaling. S1 is the interface between e-NodeBs and the EPC, more specifically to the MME via the S1-MME an

d to the S-GW via the S1-U


internet

eNB

RB Control

Connection Mobility Cont.

eNB MeasurementConfiguration & Provision

Dynamic Resource Allocation (Scheduler)

PDCP

PHY

MME

S-GW

S1MAC

Inter Cell RRM

Radio Admission Control

RLC

E-UTRAN EPC

RRC

Mobility Anchoring

EPS Bearer Control

Idle State Mobility Handling

NAS Security

P-GW

UE IP address allocation

Packet Filtering

e-Node hosts the following functions: Functions for Radio Resource Management: Radio Bearer

Control, Radio Admission Control, Connection Mobility Co

ntrol, Dynamic allocation of resources to UEs in both uplin

k and downlink (scheduling); IP header compression and encryption of user data strea

m; Selection of an MME at UE attachment; Routing of User Plane data towards Serving Gateway; Scheduling and transmission of paging and broadcast me

ssages (originated from the MME); Measurement and measurement reporting configuration fo

r mobility and scheduling;

MME (Mobility Management Entity) hosts the foll

owing functions: NAS signaling and security; AS Security control; Idle state mobility handling; EPS (Evolved Packet System) bearer control; Support paging, handover, roaming and authentication.

S-GW (Serving Gateway) hosts the following functions: Packet routing and forwarding; Local mobility anchor point for

handover; Lawful interception; UL and DL charging per UE,

PDN, and QCI; Accounting on user and QCI granularity for

inter-operator charging.

P-GW (PDN Gateway) hosts the following functions: Per-user based packet filtering; UE IP address allocation; UL

and DL service level charging, gating and rate enforcement;

LTE Network Element Function


Introduction of LTE Radio Protocol Stack

Two Planes in LTE Radio

Protocol: User-plane: For user data transfer Control-plane: For system

signaling transfer

Main Functions of User-plane: Header Compression Ciphering Scheduling ARQ/HARQ

eNB

PHY

UE

PHY

MAC

RLC

MAC

PDCPPDCP

RLC

eNB

PHY

UE

PHY

MAC

RLC

MAC

MME

RLC

NAS NAS

RRC RRC

PDCP PDCP

Main Functions of Control-plane: RLC and MAC layers perform the same functions as for

the user plane PDCP layer performs ciphering and integrity protection RRC layer performs broadcast, paging, connection

management, RB control, mobility functions, UE measurement reporting and control

NAS layer performs EPS bearer management, authentication, security control

User-plane protocol stack

Control-plane protocol stack


Radio Frame Structures Supported by LTE: Type 1, applicable to FDD Type 2, applicable to TDD

FDD Radio Frame Structure: LTE applies OFDM technology, with subcarrier spacing f=15kHz and 2048-or

der IFFT. The time unit in frame structure is Ts=1/(2048* 15000) second FDD radio frame is 10ms shown as below, divided into 20 slots which are 0.5m

s. One slot consists of 7 consecutive OFDM Symbols under Normal CP configu

ration

#0 #1 #2 #3 #19#18

One radio frame, Tf = 307200Ts = 10 ms

One slot, Tslot = 15360Ts = 0.5 ms

One subframe FDD Radio Frame Structure

Concept of Resource Block: LTE consists of time domain and frequency domain resources. The minimum unit for sc

hedule is RB (Resource Block), which compose of RE (Resource Element) RE has 2-dimension structure: symbol of time domain and subcarrier of frequency domain One RB consists of 1 slot and 12 consecutive subcarriers under Normal CP configuration

Radio Frame Structure (1)


TDD Radio Frame Structure: Applies OFDM, same subcarriers spacing and

time unit with FDD. Similar frame structure with FDD. radio frame

is 10ms shown as below, divided into 20 slots which are 0.5ms.

The uplink-downlink configuration of 10ms frame are shown in the right table.

One slot, Tslot=15360Ts

GP UpPTSDwPTS

One radio frame, Tf = 307200Ts = 10 ms

One half-frame, 153600Ts = 5 ms

30720Ts

One subframe, 30720Ts

GP UpPTSDwPTS

Subframe #2 Subframe #3 Subframe #4Subframe #0 Subframe #5 Subframe #7 Subframe #8 Subframe #9

Uplink-downlink Configurations

Uplink-downlink

configuration

Downlink-to-Uplink

Switch-point periodicity

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 5 ms D S U U U D S U U D

DwPTS: Downlink Pilot Time SlotGP: Guard PeriodUpPTS: Uplink Pilot Time Slot

TDD Radio Frame Structur

e

D: Downlink subframeU: Uplink subframeS: Special subframe

Radio Frame Structure (2)


Downlink MIMO MIMO is supported in LTE downlink to achieve spatial

multiplexing, including single user mode SU-MIMO and multi user mode MU-MIMO.

In order to improve MIMO performance, pre-coding is used in both SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO to control/reduce the interference among spatial multiplexing data flows.

The spatial multiplexing data flows are scheduled to one single user In SU-MIMO, to enhance the transmission rate and spectrum efficiency. In MU-MIMO, the data flows are scheduled to multi users and the resources are shared within users. Multi user gain can be achieved by user scheduling in the spatial domain.

Uplink MIMO Due to UE cost and power consumption, it is difficult to i

mplement the UL multi transmission and relative power supply. Virtual-MIMO, in which multi single antenna UEs are associated to transmit in the MIMO mode. Virtual-MIMO is still under study.

Scheduler assigns the same resource to multi users. Each user transmits data by single antenna. System separates the data by the specific MIMO demodulation scheme.

MIMO gain and power gain (higher Tx power in the same time-freq resource) can be achieved by Virtual-MIMO. Interference of the multi user data can be controlled by the scheduler, which also bring multi user gain.

Pre-coding vectors

User k data

User 2 data

User 1 data

Channel Information

User1

User2

User k

Scheduler Pre-coder

S1

S2

Pre-coding vectors

User k data

User 2 data

User 1 data

Channel Information

User1

User2

User k

Scheduler Pre-coder

S1

S2

User 1 data

Channel Information

User1

User2

User kScheduler

MIMO

DecoderUser k data

User 1 data

User 1 data

Channel Information

User1

User2

User kScheduler

MIMO

DecoderUser k data

User 1 data

MU-MIMO Virtual-MIMO

MIMO


Frequency

Cell 3,5,7Power

Frequency

Cell 3,5,7Power

Frequency

Cell 2,4,6Power

Frequency

Cell 2,4,6Power

ICIC （ Inter-Cell Interference Coordination ） ICIC is one solution for the cell interference control, is essentially a schedule strategy. In LTE, some coordinatio

n schemes, like SFR (Soft Frequency Reuse) and FFR (Fractional Frequency Reuse) can control the interferen

ce in cell edges to enhance the frequency reuse factor and performance in the cell edges.

SFR Solution SFR is one effective solution of inter-cell interference control. The system bandwidth is separated into primary b

and and secondary band with different transmit power.

1

2

3

6

5

7

4

1

2

3

6

5

7

4

The primary band is assigned to the users in cell edge. The eNB transmit power of the primary band can be high.

Secondary Band

Cell 2,4,6 Primary Band

Frequency

Cell 1Power

Frequency

Cell 1Power

Cell 1 Primary Band

Secondary Band

Cell 3,5,7P Primary Band

Total System

BW

The total system bandwidth can be assigned to the users in cell center. The eNB transmit power of the secondary band should be reduced in order to avoid the interference to

the primary band of neighbor cells.

Secondary Band

Secondary Band

Cell Interference Control


LTE OFDM Signal Space-time-frequency Selective Fading


Charter 1 LTE basic principle

Charter 2 LTE Roll-out strategyCharter 2 LTE Roll-out strategy








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• Multi-phases/Step by step, coverage limited, typical cell edge data rate: Phase I: valued VIP/VIC area, hot spots, CBD area and view resorts in city,, 256kbps UL

Phase II: expansion in Phase I area, extend coverage to 2nd level area in city, 256kbps UL

Later on: expansion in Phase II area, extend coverage to suburban, town and rich rural area, 128bps UL (rural,

separate coverage)

Roll-out Strategies

• Spectrum Resource Licensed FDD/TDD: paired/unpaired, spectrum efficiency, super far cell coverage

Guard band: 2.6GHz LTE, 2.4GHz WiFi/2.5GHz WiMAX, Country border intra- or adjacent interference, Spur

ious/Inter-modulate/far-near effect, etc.

Expansion Reservation: more spectrum more flexibility in deployment, easy to anti intra-system interference

Frequency Reuse Pattern: 1×3×1 SFR, 1×3×3, 10/15/20MHz for channel BW





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Roll-out Strategies

• RF co-site integration solution: Antenna spatial isolation: interference analysis, guard band

Shared / separate antenna: frequency bands, cost vs performance

Antenna Gain, 2T2R, RET/MET/FET:

Tower top mounted RRU: maintenance vs performance, more cables, tower/roof

top/monopole, installation space availability and sustainability

• Service operation: Packet data / VoIP: LTE focuses on packet data services (Web/FTP/…), voice ov

er 2G/3G Traffic model:





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• Multi-in-Multi-out Ant and HARQ:

2T2R: 2.6GHz, 18dBi

IRC/TTI bounding: TTI bounding used for VoIP uplink

SFBC/MCW:

HARQ IR

• Terminal Selection: Cat1~Cat5: Tx power, MCS order, Antenna number and gain, Noise figure Current market: LTE Data card

Roll-out Strategies





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• Target deployment region area

• Target subscriber number in that region

• Frequency resource

• Required cell edge data rate and coverage probability

• Subscriber traffic model assumption

• Terminal type planned to sell

• eNodeB antenna selection

Data inputs required for this part




Charter 3 LTE DimensioningCharter 3 LTE Dimensioning







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Raw Data Required for Link Budget

eNB Type

Duplex Mode FDD/ TDDCyclic Prefix Type Normal / Extensi onMorphology DU/ U/ SU/ RA/ HSRChannel Model ETU/ EVA/ HSTUser Speed (Km/h) 3km/ h-350km/ hSectorization S111/ S11/ omniFrequency Band

Carrier Frequency (MHz)

System Bandwidth (MHz)

MIMO Scheme SFBC/ MCWIBLER 10%UE Location i ndoor/ outdoorPenetration Loss (dB)

Propagation Model

Area Coverage Probability 90%-95%Indoor/outdoor Std Dev of Shadow Fading (dB)

Service Type PS/ VoI PEdge Rate (Kbps) UL/ DLCoverage Area (Km2)

eNB Max Tx Per Antenna Port (dBm)

eNB Antenna Height (m)

eNB Antenna Gain (dBi)

eNB Cable Loss (dB)

eNB Jumper & Connector Loss (dB)

eNB Noise Figure (dB)

UE Max Tx (dBm)

UE Antenna Height (m)

UE Antenna Gain (dBi)

UE Noise Figure (dB)

UE Cable Loss (dB)

UE Body Loss (dB)





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Traffic Model Framework (Example)

UL DL

VoIP 26.90 80 0.4 1% 26.90 80 0.4 1% 869 869

Video Phone 62.53 70 1 1% 62.53 70 1 1% 4421 4421

Video Conference 62.53 1800 1 1% 62.53 1800 1 1% 113687 113687

Real Time Gaming 31.26 1800 0.2 1% 125.06 1800 0.4 1% 11369 90950

Streaming Media 31.26 3600 0.05 1% 250.11 3600 0.95 1% 5684 864023

IMS Signalling 15.63 7 0.2 1% 15.63 7 0.2 1% 22 22

Web Browsing 62.53 1800 0.05 1% 250.11 1800 0.05 1% 5684 22737

File Transfer 140.69 600 1 1% 750.34 600 1 1% 85265 454749

Email 140.69 50 1 1% 750.34 15 1 1% 7105 11369

P2P file sharing 250.11 1200 1 1% 750.34 1200 1 1% 303166 909498

Service Model

Traffic Parameters

UL DL

PPP SessionTime(s)

PPP SessionDuty Ratio

BLERBearer Rate

(Kbps)

PPP SessionTime(s)

PPP SessionDuty Ratio

BLERThroughputper Session

(Kbit)

Throughputper Session

(Kbit)

Bearer Rate(Kbps)





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Required Site Number = Area needs to cover / Area covered by

one site

LTE Coverage Planning Flow

Link BudgetLink Budget

Cell RadiusCell Radius

Site Coverage AreaSite Coverage Area

Site Number in Specific RegionSite Number in Specific Region

Customer Requirement Analysis

Customer Requirement Analysis

LTE has the same coverage planning

flow with traditional wireless

technologies

Cell coverage radius: RInter-site distance: D=1.5*RSite cover area = 1.949*R*R

3-Sector Site

Cell coverage radius: RInter-site distance: D=1.732*RSite cover area = 2.598*R*R

Omni Site





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Start

End

Input Data

Calculate UL/DL MAPL

Calculate UL cell radius Calculate DL cell radius

Balance cell radius

Calculate site number

Calculate site coverage area

Link Budget Procedure





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Signal Level in Downlink

Gain

Margin

Loss

eNodeB Transmit Power

eNodeB Antenna Gain

UE Antenna Gain

Other Gain Slow fading margin

Interference margin

Body Loss

Cable Loss

Penetration Loss

Path Loss

UE Receive Sensitivity

Key Step in

Link

Budget

LTE Link Budget Model (Downlink)

Path Loss

Cable Loss

Antenna Gain

eNodeB Transmit Power

Penetration Loss

UE Receive Sensitivity





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Gain

Margin

Loss

UE Transmit Power

UE Antenna Gain

eNodeB Antenna Gain

Other Gain Slow fading margin

Interference margin

eNodeB Cable Loss

Penetration Loss

Path Loss

eNodeB Receive Sensitivity

Body Loss

LTE Link Budget Model (Uplink)Signal Level in Uplink

Path Loss

eNodeB Receive Sensitivity UE Transmit Power

Antenna Gain

Penetration LossCable Loss





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• System Frequency Typical frequency bands from 700MHz to

2.6GHz are defined in LTE protocols.

• Channel Bandwidth Six channel bandwidths are defined in LTE

protocols: 1.4M, 3M, 5M, 10M, 15M and 20M

Channel BW (MHz)

RB Number

Subcarrier Number

Transmission BW (MHz)

1.4 6 72 1.08

3 15 180 2.7

5 25 300 4.5

10 50 600 9

15 75 900 13.5

20 100 1200 18

TransmissionBandwidth [RB]

Transmission Bandwidth Configuration [RB]

Channel Bandwidth [MHz]R

esource block

Chann

el edge

Chan

nel edge

DC carrier (downlink only)Active Resource Blocks

System Parameters Configuration• Duplex Mode

FDD: Supported since 09Q2 Huawei e

RAN 1.0

TDD: Supported since 09Q4 Huawei e

RAN 1.1





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• Morphologies

Typically 5 morphologies are considered in network planning with specific channel model re

spectively.

Morphologies will determine the propagation model formula using in cell radius calculation,

as well as other parameters such as eNodeB antenna height and penetration loss.

Channel model has effect on the demodulation threshold and lead to difference cell radius.

Morphology Channel Model Velocity

Dense Urban ETU 3 3km/h

Urban ETU 30 30km/h

Suburban ETU 60 60km/h

Rural EVA 120 120km/h

High Speed Railway HST 350km/h

System Parameters Configuration





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Tx EIRP = Max Tx Power + Total Tx Gain - Total Tx Loss

• Max Tx Power DL:

eRAN 1.0 Specification: 2T2R RRU, Max 20W per Tx channel

eRAN 2.0 Specification: 2T2R RRU/RFU, Max 40W per Tx channel

UL: Portable UE is considered: USB don

gle, PC Card, handset, etc. Max UE Tx Power is defined as 23d

Bm (200mW) in LTE protocol.

• Total Tx Loss Feeder loss: Based on freq

uency and feeder length for DL. 0dB for portable UE

Insertion loss: Combiner, etc.

• Total Tx Gain Antenna Gain, etc.

EIRP Calculation





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• Antenna Parameters Gain & height: Choose proper antenna g

ain and height for specific frequency, mor

phology and coverage requirement.

Beamwidth: related with sectorization. S

elect horizon beamwidth of 65 degree for

3-sector scenario.

Morphology

eNB Antenna GaineNB Ant H

eightUE Ant Height900M or

Lower1500MHz or Higher

Dense Urban

15dBi 18dBi

30m

1.5mUrban 30m

Suburban 35m

Rural 35m

Type SizeLoss (dB/100m)

450M 700M 800M 900M 1700M 1800M 2000M 2100M 2300M 2500M 3400M 5000M

LDF4 1/2" 4.749 6.009 6.456 6.855 9.744 10.058 10.666 10.961 11.535 12.09 14.401 18.01

AL5 7/8" 2.703 3.421 3.676 3.903 5.551 5.73 6.077 6.246 6.573 6.89 8.21 10.273

LDP6 5/4" 1.784 2.285 2.465 2.627 3.825 3.958 4.216 4.342 4.588 4.828 / /

AL7 13/8" 1.599 2.037 2.193 2.333 3.36 3.472 3.692 3.798 4.006 4.208 / /

Antenna & Feeder ParametersAntenna Default Values in RNP Tool

• Feeder Parameters Feeder Default Values in RNP Tool





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• Rx Sensitivity In the allocated resource bandwidth and without any external noise or interference, the required

minimum received signal level to fulfill the service quality requirement. Rx Sensitivity Composited is considered in LTE link budget

Min Required Rx Signal Strength Calculation

Min Required Rx Signal Strength = Rx Sensitivity - Total Rx

Gain + Total Rx Loss

Rx Sensitivity Composited = Rx Sensitivity Per Subcarrier + 10×lg(Required Subcarrier Number)

Rx Sensitivity Per Subcarrier = Background Noise Density + 10×lg(Subcarrier Spacing) + Noise Figure + Demodulation Threshold

Background Noise Density: -174dBm/Hz

Subcarrier spacing: 15000Hz Demodulation threshold:

values from system simulation

Duplex Mode FDD TDD

Frequency Band 1800MHz or Lower 2.1GHz AWS 2.6GHz 2.3GHz 2.6GHz

eNB NF (dB) 2.3 2 2.3 2.5 4.5 4.5

UE NF (dB) 7

Noise Figure





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• Relationship in Downlink

• Relationship in Uplink

MCWRTeAntennaMod

MCWRTeAntennaModCwhere

CNrateCodebitsCodeCRCRateService RB

_22,1

_22,2,

**)_*_(*)1236168(_

RBNrateCodebitsCodeCRCRateService *)_*_(*)24168(_

Service Rate vs. MCS vs. RB Number

Notes: CRC=24

MCS = code bits * code rate

Service_rate is the transmission rate after Layer2 process but without adding CRC

In RNP tool, inputing two of these 3 parameters will determine the demodulation threshold, and finally impact the cell radius.

Service Rate (kbps)

Required RB Num Required MCS

Coding Efficiency

UL

64 2 QPSK 0.15 0.31

128 4 QPSK 0.13 0.26

256 4 QPSK 0.24 0.49

512 8 QPSK 0.23 0.47

DL

512 10 QPSK 0.22 0.45

1024 10 QPSK 0.44 0.87

2048 20 QPSK 0.43 0.86

Example of Service Rate Related Parameters





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• Hard Handoff Gain Due to orthogonal subcarriers in OFDM system, only hard handoff is support in LTE.

Hard handoff can lower the Rx signal strength requirement and intermit probability at cell edge,

which can bring a gain of 4 to 8dB for coverage. In link budget, 2dB is the typical value.

01S

MCW ResourceMapper

ResourceMapper

ModulationMapper

ModulationMapper

00S

11S

10S

20S

21S

01

00

2

1

S

S

S0

S1 01S

MCW ResourceMapper

ResourceMapper

ModulationMapper

ModulationMapper

00S

11S

10S

20S

21S

01

00

2

1

S

S

S0

S1

Modulation

Mapper

Layer

Mapper

SFBC ResourceMapper

ResourceMapper

S0

S1

S1 S0

**01

10

2

1

SS

SSModulation

Mapper

Layer

Mapper

SFBC ResourceMapper

ResourceMapper

S0

S1

S1 S0

**01

10

2

1

SS

SS

• IRC Gain: 1dB

• AMC+HARQ Gain 1.5~3dB

• VoIP TTI Bundling Gain 4dB (Only for UL)

MIMO/IRC/AMC+HARQ/TTI

Bundling Gains are aggregated in the

demodulation thresholds.

• MIMO Gain Huawei eRAN products support:

UL: 1T2R, 2T2R-MCW (V-MIMO) DL: 1T2R, 2T2R-SFBC, 2T2R-MCW

Other Gains & Losses





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• Shadow Fading Margin Wireless signal is obstructed and attenuated by buildings and other objects in the propagation

path, so-called shadow Fading of Slow Fading Effect.

Reserving a margin in the link budget to conquer this fading impact.

Coverage Probability Area Coverage Probability: Percentage of the area

where Rx signal is higher than Rx threshold to total area

of coverage.

Edge Coverage Probability: Percentage of test times

that Rx signal is higher than acceptant level to total test

times at coverage edge.


Shadow Fading Margin = NORMSINV( Edge Coverage Probability ) × Standard Deviation of Shadow Fading





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Standard Deviation of Shadow Fading Different values in different morphologies. Typical values are considered in the link

budget.

MorphologyArea Coverage Pr

obability

Std. Dev. Of Shadow Fading (dB) Penetration Loss (dB)

Indoor Outdoor 2600M 2100M 900M

Dense Urban 95% 11.7 10 20 20 18

Urban 95% 9.4 8 16 16 14

Suburban 90% 7.2 6 12 12 10

Rural 90% 6.2 6 8 8 7

• Penetration Loss Signal strength attenuation due to penetrating through building walls, vehicle, boat hull, etc.

Default Values in RNP Tool






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Propagation Model Application Condition Supported in RNP Tool

Okumura-Hata

1. Frequency: 150MHz to 1500MHz

2. Cell radius: 1km to 20km

3. BS antenna height: 30m to 200m

4. Terminal antenna height: 1m to 10m

Yes

Okumura-Hata (Huawei) Modification of Okumura-Hata (Cm) Yes

Cost231-Hata


2. Cell radius: 1km to 20km

3. BS antenna height: 30m to 200m

4. Terminal antenna height: 1m to 10m

Yes

Cost231-Hata (Huawei) Modification of Cost231-Hata (Cm) Yes

SPM Confirm model parameters by model tuning Yes

3GPP Model

1. Used for urban or suburban scenario


3. BS antenna height: 35m

4. Same with Okumura-Hata in rural scenario

Yes

Propagation Model





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• Traffic Model Analysis/Requirement Analysis:

• Specific customer requirements, e.g. Target users number, BHSA, user BH active ratio, PPP session time, service data rate, overbooking, etc.

• Throughput per User: • Can be calculated by traffic model and

assumptions.

• Network Throughput:• Network total throughput requirement, equals to

Throughput per User * Num of BH Users

• Configuration Analysis: • Frequency reused mode, Bandwidth, carrier

configurations, MIMO configurations etc.

• Capacity per Site: • single site capacity calculated from system

simulation after configuration analysis

• Number of sites: • Equals to Network Throughput / Capacity per Site

Traffic Model Analysis

/ Requirement Analysis

Throughput

per User

Capacity

per Site

Number of Sites

Configuration

Analysis

Network

Throughput

Capacity Planning Flow





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Traffic Parameters

BHSA

UL DL

Bearer rate

(kbps)

PPP Session Time (s)

PPP Session

Duty RatioBLER

Throughput Per User (kbps)

Bearer rate

(kbps)

PPP Session Time (s)

PPP Session

Duty RatioBLER

Throughput Per User (kbps)

VoIP 1.4 26.9 80 0.4 1% 0.34 26.9 80 0.4 1% 0.34

Video Phone 0.2 62.52 70 1 1% 0.25 62.52 70 1 1% 0.25

Video conference

0.2 62.52 1800 1 1% 6.32 62.52 1800 1 1% 6.32

Real Time Gaming

0.2 31.26 1800 0.2 1% 0.63 125.05 1800 0.4 1% 5.05

Streaming Media

0.2 31.26 1200 0.05 1% 0.11 250.11 1200 0.95 1% 16.00

IMS Signaling 5 15.63 7 0.2 1% 0.03 15.63 7 0.2 1% 0.03

Web Browsing 0.6 62.52 1800 0.05 1% 0.95 250.11 1800 0.05 1% 3.79

File Transfer 0.3 140.68 600 1 1% 7.11 750.33 600 1 1% 37.90

Email 0.4 140.68 50 0.5 1% 0.39 750.33 15 0.3 1% 0.38

P2P file sharing

0.2 100 1200 1 1% 6.73 100 1200 1 1% 6.73

Traffic Model (Example)

Traffic model will be very different from different operators.

The main purpose is to calculate the Throughput per user.





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ScenarioCell Avg. Throughput DL/UL (Mbps) @20MHz BW

2.6GHz

Dense Urban 34.3 / 19.8

Urban 34.3 / 19.8

SubUrban 26.3 / 14.0

Rural 26.3 / 14.0

About SFR 1x3x1 Application Scenarios Remark

• SFR 1×3×1introduces ICIC scheme based on traditional 1×3×1.

• Improves the cell edge user throughput with the cost of cell throughput.

• Lack of spectrum resource;• High requirement of cell

edge user experiences.

• UL: enhance cell edge rate about 10%, but cell throughput degrade about 5%

• DL : enhance cell edge rate about 20%, but cell throughput degrade about 10%

Cell Avg. Throughput Baseline

Assumptions:• Standard hexagon cellular struc

ture• 19 Sites, 3 cells per site• ISD 500m in Dense Urban and

Urban scenarios; ISD 1700m in Suburban and Rural scenarios

• Frequency reuse: 1x3x1• DL 2X2 CL Switch

(rank1/rank2), UL 1x2 IRC





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Charter 4 LTE Pre-sale SimulationCharter 4 LTE Pre-sale Simulation






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• RF engineering parameters of existing 2G/3G for co-site roll out:

Site location: longitude/latitude

Sector antenna height: antenna height available for LTE roll-out

(space/isolation/sustainability of tower/roof)

Antenna: pattern file, gain, 2T2R/4T4R

• Terminal Selection: Cat1~Cat5: Tx power, MCS order, Antenna number and gain, Noise figure Current market: LTE Data card, desktop modem

Pre-sale Simulation

• 3D digital map for target region:

• Propagation model for target band and region:

Notes: In simulation, coverage prediction is recommended. Monte-Carlo is not of first priority.





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Charter 5 Charter 5 LTE RNP SolutionsLTE RNP Solutions


RND: LTE Dimensioning Tool RND tool is Supporting: Network dimensioning in different design types for different application scenarios Independent calculation or inheriting of calculation results among modules Network dimensioning in multiple cities and networking scenarios simultaneously Importing/exporting parameters and calculation results, and importing the parameters and

calculation results into the RNP output template.

RND is the LTE dimensioning tool developed by Huawei


U-Net: Professional LTE RNP Tool What is U-Net? U-Net is the professional LTE simulation tool developed by Huawei. U-Net is based on the abundant global RNP experiences.


U-Net: Powerful and Saving What can U-Net do?Function:

• Network modeling: GIS Antenna model Network element management Service model management Propagation model tuning & mngt.

• Coverage Prediction: Path loss calculation Polygon operation Coverage plot generation Point analysis Monte Carlo simulation

• LTE Specific Planning: PCI planning Neighbor list planning Frequency planning

Benefit: Accurate prediction Easy operation and friendly interface Saving HR cost due to higher planning efficiency. Lower technical level requirement by Professional functions


Huawei LTE Enhancement FeaturesPerformance Enhance

ment FeatureUL / DL

Expected Improvem

entComments

Interference cancellation

IRCUL 1~5dB

The more serious interference condition, the more obvious the IRC gain will be.

Receive diversity

4 receiving antennas UL 2.5dB3 dB in theory. Considered the co-relate between real antenna, 2.5dB is the practical gain.

Advanced scheduling

Frequency domain packet schedule

UL & DL

1~ 3dB

2~3dB gain when cell edge user throughput = 500Kbps, 1~2dB gain when cell edge user throughput = 1Mbps

Power Convergence

4 TTIs Bundling UL 1.5~3dBBundle several TTIs together for a single VoIP packet transmission. Power convergence.

DBS flexibility

RRU installed near the antenna

UL & DL

2.5dB

Rooftop site, typical cable loss for BTS is 3dB, for RRU is 0.5dB (jumper loss).Assume there is no TMA.

3dBimprovement

20% cell radiusincrease

30% sites quantity reduction


Guard band Requirement for Co-existing Systems (MHz)

Co-existing SystemsSystem Standards LTE Bandwidth

LTE Other system 5MHz 10MHz 15MHz 20MHz

LTE + GSM

protocol protocol 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Huawei

Productprotocol 0 0 0 0

LTE + UMTSprotocol protocol 0.33 0.08 0.17 0.42

Latest MSR protocol 0 0 0 0

LTE + CDMA

protocolHuawei

Product0.24 0.49 0.74 0.99

Huawei

Product

Huawei

Product0 0 0 0

LTE Band X + LTE Band Y protocol protocolDepend

sDepends Depends Depends

LTE FDD + LTE TDD protocol protocolDepend

sDepends Depends Depends

LTE TDD 2.3G + TD-SCDMA

2.3Gprotocol protocol 0 0 0 0

Avoid Interference

Guard band can be eliminated by deploying Huawei RAN products

Co-site Scenario:• Avoid far-near effect, less

interference

Non Co-site Scenario: • Adjacent frequency interference

will be much higher

Co-site solution is recommended by Huawei


Separate Antenna/Feeder Analysis

Separate antenna/feeder for LTE

LTE2G/3G

Disadvantage: Require more tower

installation space; Require higher tower load.

Advantage: Individual network planning

for LTE: No additional feeder and

connector loss for LTE; No negative impact to

2G/3G network. Convenience and accuracy

network optimization for LTE: Individual antenna

adjustment


Conclusion: Select the Co-antenna/feeder solution

based on the real situation Need to evaluate and balance the

benefits and risks of the solution

Typical Co-antenna/feeder Solutions

LTE LTE LTE

4 ports antennaCo-feeder

Risks: Additional loss by co-feeder will: Reduce 11~14% cell radius Increase 26~35% site quantity(2.6GHz, 30m 7/8’’ feeder)

2 ports antennaCo-feeder

4 ports antennaRRU inst. near antenna


Reuse and Upgrade Legacy DAS

• High frequency (2.6GHz) caused additional feeder and insertion loss.

• Legacy DAS structure is difficult to implement MIMO technology.

• Upgrade legacy DAS is costly.

Challenges Solution• Higher transmit power compensate

feeder and insertion loss.

• First Stage: DL and UL SISO.

• Next Stage: DL and UL MIMO when multi antenna DAS is ready.

Thank You

www.huawei.com

Documents

LTE Radio Network Planning_VENU