Smart Testing for a smart world

LTE-M, NB-IoT and LTE-V

paving the way to 5G IoT

Dr. Taro Eichler

Joerg Koepp

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Anything that benefits

from network connection

will be connected

R&S LTE-M, NB-IoT, LTE-V - June 2016 2

Ericsson

Low Power WAN Sigfox, LoRa, Weightless, NB-IoT

OTHER technologiesSatellite, DSL, Fiber, PLC

Wireless WAN (2G/3G/4G)GSM, CDMA, UMTS, LTE

Wireless PAN/LANBluetooth, Zigbee, Thread, WiFi

Connecting Billions of Devices to the Internet of Things (IoT)

R&S LTE-M, NB-IoT, LTE-V - June 2016 3

shor

t ran

ge

WW

AN

othe

r

BillionThings

Smart Cities Smart Homes

Wearables Automotive

The majority of devices building the Internet of Things

will use wireless technologies in un-licensed frequency bands

Data Rate

Ran

ge

4R&S LTE-M, NB-IoT, LTE-V - June 2016

Cellular

(2G/3G/4G/5G)

NFC

Bluetooth

ZigBee

Thread

Z-Wave

WI-SUN

802.11 ah

WiFi

802.11 a/b/g/n/ac

Sigfox

LoRa

Weightless

NB-IoT

ANT+

802.11ad

Objective: Covering diverse applications with a common air

interface and network architecture

R&S LTE-M, NB-IoT, LTE-V - June 2016 5

Surveillance Cams• huge amount of uplink data

• Rare handover

Fleet Management• Small amount of uplink data

• frequent handovers/ global coverage

Broad spectrum of capabilities required

Huge amount of devices w/ small data and delay tolerant traffic

Smart Metering• Small amount of uplink only

• Every 15 min

• Rare handover

Connected Trash Cans• Small amount of uplink only

• Spontaneous communication

• Rare handover

Devices running on Battery only – sometimes in difficult environment

Smart Metering (Gas/Water/…)• 10 year battery life time

• Located in the basement

• Rare handover

Connected Herd• Small amount of uplink only

• Spontan & Periodic communication

• Rare handover (coverage)

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5G Networks will enable the Internet of Things of the future

6R&S LTE-M, NB-IoT, LTE-V - June 2016

Very high data rate

Long battery lifetime

Mobility

Massive number of devices

Reliability, resilience, security

Very lowlatency

Very high capacity

Ultra Reliable & Low Latency Communcationmassive Machine Type Communication

Enhanced Mobile Broadband

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Making cellular networks ready for the Internet of Things

R&S LTE-M, NB-IoT, LTE-V - June 2016 7

Low Cost Extended Coverage

Overload Control Power Saving Reachability

Low Latency

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3GPP IoT standardization on the way to 5G

R&S LTE-M, NB-IoT, LTE-V - June 2016 8

LC-LTE/MTCeCAT-0, PSM

eMTCCat-M1, eDRX, CE

NB-IoTCat-NB, eDRX

Rel. 8 Rel. 12 Rel. 13

+

20 MHz/half-duplex

1.4 MHz/half-duplex

200 kHzNB-LTE

NB-cIoT

LTE-MTC

Rel. 9 Rel.10 Rel.11

LP-WAN

GSM-MTC EC-GSM-IoT

incl. eDRX

LTE Cat-1

20 MHz/duplex

NIMTC SIMTC

NIMTC SIMTC

mMTC

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Machine-Type-Communication LTE/LTE-A/LTE-A Pro

R&S LTE-M, NB-IoT, LTE-V - June 2016 9

Rel. 10 Rel. 11 Rel. 12 Rel. 13

ExtendedAccess Barring

Power Saving Mode

Expected UE Behavior

UE Category 0

Coverage enhancement

eMTCUE Category M1

Overload Control

Signaling Reduction

Low Cost UE

Battery Life

Coverage

Low Cost UE

Delay tolerant access & LAPI

Overload Control

Extended DRX

Battery Life

Long PRU/PTU Timer per UE

Signaling Reduction

Minimum periodic search timer

Signaling Reduction

Attach with IMSIIndicator

Signaling Reduction

Device Triggering

Reachability

NIMTC SIMTC MTCe/LC_LTE

OverrideLAPI

Overload Control

MTCe2/eMTC

NB-IoTUE Category NB

Ultra Low Cost/Low power

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Rel. 12: New Category 0 –for low complexity UEs

R&S LTE-M, NB-IoT, LTE-V - June 2016 10

Cat 1 (Rel-8) Cat-0 (Rel-12)

Downlink Peak Rate 10 Mbps 1 Mbps

Uplink Peak Rate 5 Mbps 1 Mbps

UE RF Chains 2 1

Duplex Mode Full duplex Half duplex (opt)

UE Receiver bandwidth 20 MHz 20 MHz

Max UE Transmit Power 23 dBm 23 dBm

# soft channel bits 250 368 25 344

max TBS for PMCH 10 296 4 584

MIMO Layer 1 1

Highest DL Modulation 64QAM 64QAM

Highest UL Modulation 16QAM 16QAM

• Peak rate reduction to 1Mbps in DL and UL

• One Rx/Tx only (single RF Chain)

• New half-duplex (HD) FDD operation

(type B**) with adapted guard period

• 1 oscillator

• Reduced maximum TBS for PMCH

• Reduced number of soft buffer bits

• No support of 64 QAM UL

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Rel. 12: Power saving mode

for UE that can accept long latency for terminating data

R&S LTE-M, NB-IoT, LTE-V - June 2016 11

PSM Mode: UE remains registered with the network and there is no need to re-attach or re-establish PDN

connections – saves power, but UE isn’t reachable in PSM Node

UE request an Active Time value (T3324) during every Attach / TAU Request.

Network confirms usage of PSM by allocating an Active Time value to the UE

Power Saving Mode (PSM)Idle

T

A

U

PSMIdle

DataT

A

U

T3324T3412 (TA Update Timer) UE data

available

T3324

rela

tive

pow

er c

onsu

m.

Idle

DRX Cycle (1-2 sec)

RRC Connection Release

T3412

standard 54 min

max 192 min

extended 320 h

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Rel. 13: eMTC CAT-M1 – 1.4 MHz DL channel support

R&S LTE-M, NB-IoT, LTE-V - June 2016 12

M-PDCCH

PDSCH

• Cell will support both legacy and CAT-M1 UE

• Multiple narrowband regions can be defined

• CAT-M1 UEs can re-tune to different frequencies

• No PDCCH,PCFICH,PHICH legacy support

• New DL based on EPDCCH (M-PDCCH)

• No slot-based frequency hopping for PUCCH

• New low power class (20 dBm)

• Support of Coverage Enhancement (CE) mode A (and B)

6PRB/1.4 MHZ

Legacy C

on

trol

6PRB/1.4 MHZ

6 PRB/1.4 MHz

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Rel 13: Enabling extended battery life,

reduced data transmission to a minimum (I-eDRX)

R&S LTE-M, NB-IoT, LTE-V - June 2016 13

For devices with infrequently uplink data transmission, energy consumption can be reduced significantly by longer

cycles for discontinuous reception (DRX).

inactive

DRX /Paging

DRX Cycle <2.56 sec

inactive

eDRX /Paging

eDRX (minutes or hours)eMTC: up to ~44min

NB-IoT up to ~3hr

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Two possible methods to save power:

Select the best one and define the optimal parameter!

R&S LTE-M, NB-IoT, LTE-V - June 2016 14

eDRX

activ

e

PSM mode (minutes, hours, days)

activ

e

Tx

activ

e

DRX (<2.56s)

TA

U

activ

e

Principle: Power Saving Mode

Principle: extended Discontinuous Reception

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 4000

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

25

20

15

10

5

1

Relative Battery Lifetime

Relative Energy Consumption

Bat

tery

Life

time

Fac

tor

Re

lative

En

erg

y C

on

su

mp

tio

n

DRX Cycle Length [s]

Batter Lifetime improvement by use of eDRX (source Ericsson)

eMTC: up to ~44min

NB-IoT up to ~3hr

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Rel.13: NB-IoT – even more ‚streamlined‘ than cat-M1

R&S LTE-M, NB-IoT, LTE-V - June 2016 16

• Improved indoor coverage: extended coverage of 20 dB

• Support of massive number of low throughput devices e.g. 40 MTC devices per household

• Reduced complexity

• Things that cost less than a 2G device

• Improved power efficiency: more than 10 years battery life time

• Relaxed Delay characteristics: ~10 sec.

Objectives

Smart Parking Smart Bike Smart Suitcase Sensor Networks Agriculture Sensor

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Rel 13: Narrowband-IoT (standardization still ongoing)

R&S LTE-M, NB-IoT, LTE-V - June 2016 17

The Uplink and Downlink total transmission bandwidth is 180 kHz

Downlink: OFDM with 15 kHz sub-carrier spacing (1PRB)

Uplink: SC-FDMA with 3.75 kHz and 15 kHz for single-tone transmissions and

optional multi-tone transmissions with 15 kHz subcarrier spacing

Only FDD in half-duplex mode (analog to UE cat.0 half-duplex TypeB), no TDD in Rel.13

Reduced downlink transmission schemes:

TM1: Single antenna port, TM2: Two antenna ports, using transmit diversity

Only mobility in IDLE mode is supported

MTC features like Power Save Mode (PSM), extended DRX (eDRX) cycle are valid

NB

-Io

T

NB

-Io

T

LTE Carrier LTE Carrier

NB

-Io

T

NB

-Io

T

e.g. GSM Carriers

Standalone operationGuard-band OperationIn-Band Operation

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Range of LTE categories to adress diverse IoT use cases

R&S LTE-M, NB-IoT, LTE-V - June 2016 19

LTE Advanced

• Phones• Tablets• Cars (media)

LTE Cat-1

LTE Cat-M

• Cams• Wearables• Trucks

• Wearables• Meters• Control

Data

rate

LTE Cat-NB

• Sensors• Pets• Bikes

Power Consumption/Costs

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A handfull 3GPP offerings to adress the growing IoT market

R&S LTE-M, NB-IoT, LTE-V - June 2016 20

LTE-Cat 1 LTE-Cat 0 LTE-Cat M 1 NB-IoT (Cat-NB) EC-GSM-IoT

DeploymentIn-band LTE In-Band LTE In-band LTE

In-Band LTE

Guard-Band LTE

Standalone

In-band GSM

Downlink OFDMA

[15 kHz]

OFDMA

[15 KHz]

OFDMA

[15 kHz]

OFDMA

[15kHz]TDMA/FDMA

Uplink SC-FDMA

[15 kHz]

SC-FDMA

[15 kHz]

SC-FDMA

[15 kHz]

Single Tone

[15/3.75 kHz]TDMA/FDMA

Peak Rate DL:10 Mbps

UL: 5 Mbps

DL: 1 Mbps

UL: 1 Mbps

DL: 1 Mbps

UL: 1 Mbps

UL: 250 kbps

DL: 20 kbps

UL: 70/240 kbps

DL: 70/240 kbps

UE receiver BW20 MHz 20 MHz 1.4 MHz 200 kHz 200 kHz

Duplex ModeFull-Duplex Half-Duplex Half-Duplex Half-Duplex Half-Duplex

Max UE

transmit power23 dBm 23 dBm 23 or 20 dBm 23 dBm or 20 dBm 33 dBm or 23 dBm

Power savingPSM, eDRX PSM, eDRX PSM, eDRX PSM, eDRX PSM, eDRX

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V2x Communication to inform the driver

about a potential danger that the driver can not see...

R&S LTE-M, NB-IoT, LTE-V - June 2016 21

electronic brake light

obstacle warning

black ice warning

blind spot

emergency car

!Emergency Car

road works warning

Traffic control60

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Vehicle to Vehicle communication today – based on 802.11p

R&S LTE-M, NB-IoT, LTE-V - June 2016 22

LOSnLOS

802.11a signal with reduced rate:

• 10 MHz bandwidth for robustness

• Carrier spacing reduced by ½

• Symbol length is doubled, making the signal more

robust against fading.

• Operates in the 5.8 GHz and 5.9 GHz frequency

bands depending on regional regulations.

• 802.11p is essentially based on the OFDM PHY

Wave mode:

• direct data exchange between vehicles using a

wildcard BSSID

Very High

relative speed

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Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V)Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V)

Essentially Three Categories of Vehicle to x communication

R&S LTE-M, NB-IoT, LTE-V - June 2016 23

Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) Vehicle to Pedestrian (V2P) Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I)

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3GPP is analyzing three scenarios

R&S LTE-M, NB-IoT, LTE-V - June 2016 24

1: D2D Sidelink (PC5) 2: E-UTRAN Networking 3: Combination of 1&2

With & without LTE coverage | Dedicated V2X carrier with single/ multiple operators | Shared V2X/ LTE on licensed LTE carriers

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5G Networks will enable the Internet of Things of the future

26R&S LTE-M, NB-IoT, LTE-V - June 2016

Very high data rate

Long battery lifetime

Mobility

Massive number of devices

Reliability, resilience, security

Very lowlatency

Very high capacity

Ultra Reliable & Low Latency Communcationmassive Machine Type Communication

Enhanced Mobile Broadband

LTE-M NB-IoT LTE-V

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Your Partner in testing the Internet of Things

27R&S LTE-M, NB-IoT, LTE-V - June 2016

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