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Datasheet

LTE/LTE-A LibraryAccelerate the Design o Next-Generation Cellular Systems

Highlights

` End-to-end physical layer

(baseband) simulation model` Supports the design o 3GPP LTE

Rel.8 and Rel.10 standard-based

products

` Conorms to current standards or

3GPP LTE/LTE-A

` Verifed against Rohde & Schwarz

signal generators

` Includes ideal and non-ideal

receivers to serve as reerence

models

` Provides several LTE system testbenches or throughput analysis

` Enables automated confguration o

Rohde & Schwarz signal generators

` Provides all models in hierarchical

block diagrams

` Source code available or lea-level

blocks

` Enables co-simulation o C, C++,

HDL, and/or MATLAB blocks in a

single simulation process

LTE/LTE-A Physical Layer Simulation Library

The LTE/LTE-A Physical Layer Simulation Library is a set o ready-to-use simulation

systems providing an executable specifcation o the 3 GPP standard. Being verifedagainst Rohde & Schwarz signal generators, it provides unmatched increase in

productivity or wireless physical layer system design.

Use cases include network operators investigating the system perormance both

or scenarios specifed in the standard as well as in corner cases relevant to

optimizing network perormance and cost. For basestation design teams as well as

handset modem design teams, the LTE/LTE-A library provides a reerence model

or validation o their specifcations. The source code provides very valuable insight

into the standards defnition, which may otherwise require months o perusing the

written standards documents. The source code can also be used as a starting point

or todays mostly processor-based implementation o wireless systems.

The reerence models support both FDD and TDD modes and provide both

ideal receivers (with perect knowledge o the channel) and non-ideal receivers

(which must estimate the channel characteristics). The ideal receiver provides

the best achievable perormance or comparison against real, non-ideal receiver

implementations.

The LTE/LTE-A Physical Layer Simulation Library is organized into specifc

regression testbenches which mirror the tests specifed in the standards reerence

documents. The user can immediately run these regressions and easily modiy

system parameters o interest in order to study perormance impact in any scenario.

By replacing or modiying blocks or subsystems, the user can quickly adapt the

reerence model to the specifc implementation or their end product. The ability

to efciently deploy compute arms directly rom the development environment

provides wireless designers using the LTE/LTE-A library with unmatched exploration

opportunities resulting in improved product perormance within their time-to-market

window.

The LTE/LTE-A Physical Layer Simulation Library can be used or block-level

verifcation o hardware and sotware components. HDL co-simulation as well as

target code simulation--either on the host or using an Instruction Set Simulator (ISS)

or the target processor--enables the use o the library as a verifcation environment.


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LTE/LTE-A Library 2

The LTE/LTE-A Physical Layer

Simulation Library is validated against

Rohde & Schwarz signal generators and

available reerences rom the standard

test equipment as well as with lead

customers.

The LTE/LTE-A Physical Layer

Simulation Library is available or SPW

and System Studio.

Overview

The LTE/LTE-A library supports

downlink, uplink and cell search,

random access and sounding reerence

signal models.

It also contains specifc channel models

that are specifed in the standard. All

models support the ull range o MIMO

confgurations in the standard and

can be extended easily to experiment

with other confgurations by the user.

Synopsys continues to update the

library as the standard evolves.

LTE Version

` Supports the design o 3GPP LTE

products

` Supports both FDD and TDD modes

` Conorms to 3GPP/TS 36.101 v10,

36.104 v10, 36.211 v10, 36.212 v10,

36.213 v10 and 36.214 v10

LTE-A Rel.10 Downlink Channel

The LTE Advanced (LTE-A) Downlink

Channel system is a complete end-to-

end baseband model or simulating

communications between one

eNodeB and one UE using UE-specifc

demodulation reerence signals (DM-RS)

according to the 3GPP Release

10 specifcations.

The transmitter generates the same

signals and channels as the Release 8

Downlink Channel system but adds a

DM-RS channel on selected Resource

Blocks and CSI-RS signals on certain

subrames as specifed by system

parameters. The system supports two

data streams and up to 8 antennas in

both FDD and TDD mode.

The system includes three types o

downlink reerence signals:

1. Cell-specifc reerence signals (CRS)

2. UE-specifc reerence signals (DM-

RS)

3. CSI reerence signals (CSI-RS)

The CRS can be set to use 1,2 or 4

antenna ports, while the DM-RS andCSI-RS supports using 1 to 8 antenna

ports. DM-RS supports both FDD and

TDD, including TDD special subrame

cases. CSI-RS can be generated

according to all possible CSI reerence

signal and subrame confgurations.

The system has an ideal receiver or

demodulating and decoding data

symbols embedded with DM-RS.

In addition to the models included in

the LTE Rel.8 Downlink channel, the

ollowing models are included:

Transmitter Models (Data)

` DM-RS generation

` DM-RS mapping

` CSI-RS generation

` CSI-RS insertion

Receiver Models (Data)

` DM-RS demapping

LTE-A Rel.10 Downlink Channel

Carrier Aggregation

This system takes the LTE-A Rel.10

Downlink Channel system and adds

a second component carrier. The two

component carriers can be contiguous

or non-contiguous and have the same or

dierent bandwidths.

LTE-A Rel.10 Uplink Channel

The LTE Advanced Uplink Channel

system is a complete end-to-end

baseband model or simulating

communications between one UE and

one eNodeB using multi-layer, spatial

multiplexed MIMO signals.

Additions to the transmitter over the LTE

release 8 Uplink Channel are:

` Support or 2 code words

` Layer mapping

` Multi-layer reerence signal generation

` 1, 2, or 4 transmit antennas

Additions to the receiver include:

` Full MIMO receiver

` Layer demapping

` Support or 2 code word decoding

and ACK/NAK generation

LTE Rel. 8 Downlink Channel

The LTE Downlink Channel system

is a complete end-to-end baseband

model or simulating eNodeB to UE

communication. While many aspects

o the LTE Downlink can easily be

simulated using this system, the system

is pre-confgured to veriy the PDSCH

receiver perormance requirements

in 3GPP TS 36.101 section 8.2 and

the PDCCH, PCFICH receiver tests in

section 8.4, 8.5 and 8.6.

The system includes a complete PDSCH

transmitter with control channels and

an ideal receiver supporting both spatial

multiplexing and transmit diversity

with up to our antennas. It includes a

ull end-to-end model o the PDSCH

including the Hybrid ARQ (HARQ)

protocol, channel coding and decoding

or either one or two simultaneous

data streams.

The downlink system also includes

all the control channels including the

Physical Downlink Control Channel

(PDCCH), the Physical Control Format

Indicator Channel (PCFICH), the PhysicalHybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH),

the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)

as well as the Primary Synchronization

Signal (PSS), the Secondary

Synchronization Signal (SSS). All

channel encoding and decoding is

provided or all o the control channels,

as well.


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LTE/LTE-A Library 3

In addition to layer mapping, both

transmitter and receiver supports

precoding, including Cyclic Delay

Diversity (CDD) and codebook lookup

when using spatial multiplexing.

The channel model adheres ully to

the 3GPP LTE standard. In addition

to static propagation it has multi-pathading conditions and includes delay

profles or Extended Vehicular A (EVA),

Extended Pedestrian A (EPA) and

Extended Typical Urban (ETU) modes.

It also has a MIMO channel with low,

medium and high spatial correlation

matrices, confgurable or any number o

transmit and receive antennas. The High

Speed Train (HST) scenario mode is also

supported.

The ideal receiver model can be

confgured as a Zero Forcing (ZF),

Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE),

Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) or

Maximum Likelihood (ML) receiver.

All models support Adaptive Modulation

and Coding (AMC), precoding selection

and rank adaptation during runtime

where both the number o Resource

Blocks; the type o modulation: QPSK,

16-QAM or 64-QAM; the precoding

matrix, and number o layers can

change on a rame-by-rame basis.

Transmitter Models (Data)

` HARQ protocol data generation

` Transport Block CRC

` Code Block Segmentation

` Code Block CRC

` Turbo Coding

` Sub-block Interleaving

` Bit Collection

` Scrambling

` Symbol Modulation

` Layer Mapping

` Precoding

` Frame Formatting (TDD)

` Resource Element Mapping

` OFDM Symbol Generation

` Cyclic Prefx Insertion

Transmitter Models (Control)

` DCI Encoder

` Convolutional Encoder

` Control Bit Collection

` PDCCH Transmitter

` Quadruple Sub-block Interleaver

` PCFICH Transmitter

` PHICH Group Generator

` PHICH Diversity Transmitter

` Control Symbol Mapping

` Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS)

Generator

` Secondary Synchronization Signal

(SSS) Generator

` Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)

Encoder


Transmitter

Channel Models

` MIMO

Àrbitrary Spatial Correlation

` Static Propagation

` Multi-path ading (EPA, ETU, EVA)

` High Speed Train

Àntenna Polarization

Àntenna Gain Imbalance

Receiver Models (Data)

` Sub-carrier Extraction

` Ideal Channel Estimation

` Resource Element Demapping

` MIMO Receiver

` Predecoding

` Layer demapping

` Symbol Demodulation

` Descrambling

` Sub-block Deinterleaving` Sot Buer Combining

` Turbo Decoding

ÀCK/NACK Signal Generation

` Statistics Collection and Display

Receiver Models (Control)

` Control Channel Demapping

` PCFICH Receiver

` PDCCH Receiver

` DCI Decoder

`Viterbi Decoder` Quadruple Sub-block Deinterleaver

` Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator

Channel (PHICH) Receiver


Receiver


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LTE/LTE-A Library 4

Practical LTE Rel.8 Downlink

Channel

This system is similar to the LTE Rel.8

Downlink Channel system except that

is uses a practical channel estimator.

In this system model, the channel

estimates at each sub-carrier or each

combination o transmit to receiver

antenna pairs are generated rom

the received signal alone without

any knowledge o the radio channel

state. The estimates are generated by

extracting the transmit antenna specifc

reerence signals rom the received

antenna signals and dividing by the

actual reerence signal values to give

the channel estimates at the reerence

signal locations. These channel

estimates are then fltered over one subrame using a 2 dimensional separable

flter to produce channel estimates at

all resource element locations. These

channel estimates are then used by the

MIMO receiver to orm an estimate o

the signal rom each transmission layer.

LTE Rel.8 Uplink Channel

The LTE Uplink Channel system is

a complete end-to-end baseband

model or simulating UE to eNodeBtransmission modeling the Physical

Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH).

The LTE Uplink system model is set

up bydeault to run all o the 3GPP

TS 36.104 section 8.2.1 receiver

perormance tests. The LTE Uplink

transmitter includes the ull Hybrid

ARQ (HARQ) protocol, PUSCH channel

encoding, symbol mapping or QPSK,

16-QAM or 64- QAM transmission,

reerence signal generation, transorm

precoding or SC-FDMA baseband

signal generation, and resource

mapping with requency hopping.

The LTE radio channel model included

in the LTE Uplink system model adheres

ully to the 3GPP LTE standard. In

addition to static propagation it has

the multi-path ading conditions and

includes delay profles or Extended

Vehicular A (EVA), Extended Pedestrian

A (EPA) and Extended Typical Urban

(ETU) modes. It also has a MIMO

channel with low, medium and high

spatial correlation matrices, confgurable

or any number o transmit and receive

antennas. The High Speed Train (HST)

scenario mode is supported, as well.

The LTE Uplink receiver is an ideal

receiver which uses knowledge o the

radio channel model state to produce

an ideal channel estimate at each

sub-carrier location rom the transmit

antenna to each receive antenna.

The MIMO receiver uses the channel

estimates to perorm requency domain

equalization o the received signal, using

either the Zero Forcing (ZF) or MinimumMean Squared Error (MMSE) method.

Transorm decoding is applied and the

signal estimate is then demodulated,

decoded and the CRC is checked to

produce the ACK/NAK response to

complete the HARQ protocol.

The LTE Uplink system model is

preconfgured to measure the average

throughput to test compliance with the

requirements o the 3GPP TS 36.104

receiver perormance tests though the

modular and hierarchical nature o the

design allow any aspect o the LTE

Uplink physical channel to be measured

and studied. The hierarchical nature

o the design also allows alternate

receiver implementations to be quickly

implemented and tested and or fnal

implementations in sotware or hardware

to be imported and characterized.

Transmitter Models

HARQ protocol data generation

` Transport Block CRC

` Code Block Segmentation

` Code Block CRC

` Turbo Coding

` Sub-Block Interleaving

` Bit Collection

` Scrambling

` Symbol Modulation

` Transorm Precoding

` Reerence Signal Generation

` Frequency Hopping Pattern

Generation

` Resource Mapping

` SC-FDMA Signal Generation


Radio Channel Model

` MIMO

` Static Propagation


` High Speed Train

`Arbitrary Spatial Correlation



Receiver Models` Ideal Channel Estimation

` Sub-Carrier Extraction

` Resource Element Demapping

` MIMO Receiver

` Transorm Decoding

` Sot Symbol Demodulation

` Descrambling

` Sub-Block Deinterleaving

` Sot Buer Combining

` Turbo Decoding

`ACK/NAK Generation

` Throughput Calculation

LTE Rel.8 Uplink Control

Channel

The LTE Uplink Control Channel system

is a complete end to end baseband

model or simulating UE to eNodeB

transmission modeling the Physical

Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH).

The LTE Uplink Control system model

can be easily set up to run all o the

tests in 3GPP TS 36.104 section 8.3

perormance requirements or PUCCH.

The LTE Uplink Control transmitter

includes all supported PUCCH ormats,

scrambling, mapping to cyclically

shited sequences and spreading

by orthogonal sequences, insertion

o reerence signals, and resource


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LTE/LTE-A Library 5

mapping to physical resources allocated

or PUCCH.

The LTE radio channel model included

in the LTE Uplink Control system is

identical to one used in LTE

Uplink system.

The LTE Control Uplink receiver is an

ideal receiver which uses knowledgeo the radio channel model state to

produce an ideal channel estimate

at each sub-carrier location rom

the transmit antenna to each receive

antenna. The MIMO receiver uses the

channel estimates and the received

signal to orm an estimate o the

transmitted signal, using the Zero

Forcing (ZF), Minimum Mean Squared

Error (MMSE) or Maximum Likelihood

(ML) method. The signal estimate is

then decoded using known cyclically

shited and orthogonal sequences, and

demodulated to recover the transmitted

control inormation.

The LTE Uplink system model is

confgured to measure the missed

detection probability o transmitted

control inormation (ACK/NACK or CQI)

to test compliance with the requirements

o the 3GPP TS 36.104 receiverperormance tests.

Main LTE PUCCH System Blocks

LTE PUCCH Symbol Transmit

Generate control bits, apply proper

coding and scrambling (when needed)

and modulation to orm the control

symbols that are to be cyclically shited

and orthogonally spread.

LTE PUCCH Cyclic ShiftGenerate the orthogonal sequence

and scrambling sequence used or

spreading o modulated PUCCH

symbols in ormats 1/1a/1b as well

as the orthogonal sequence used or

generation o reerence symbols or all

PUCCH ormats. Additionally, generate

the cyclic shit used to generate the

cyclically shited sequence and fnally

the parameter determining the physical

resource block used or transmission o

PUCCH in a given slot.

LTE PUCCH Symbol Receive

Recover transmitted control bits

by demodulating, decoding and

descrambling (when necessary) the

received control symbols that arerecovered by combining the received

cyclically shited sequences.

Uplink Sounding Reference

Signal

The LTE Uplink Sounding Reerence

Signal system models the transmission

o these Uplink reerence signals used

to acilitate requency dependent

scheduling.

The LTE Sounding Reerence Signal

system uses the cell-specifc parameter

srsSubrameConfguration to support

periodic transmission o SRS over all 15

possible sets o subrames in which SRS

can be sent in a given radio rame.

It also uses cell-specifc parameter

srsBandwidthConfg to select one o

the eight sets o our SRS bandwidths

that can be simultaneously supported in

each possible system bandwidth.

Main LTE SRS System Blocks

LTE SRS Transmit

Generate a ull radio rame containing

the SRS carrying subrames at their

given location.

LTE SRS Length and Index

Generate the length o the SRS vector

and the location index o the SRS

symbols within the allocated resourceblocks.

LTE SRS Receive

Recover the SRS symbols rom the

received radio rame.

LTE Cell Search

The LTE Cell Search reerence system

models the procedure a mobile terminal

must perorm to fnd a cell (i.e. a base

station) to connect to.

During the cell search procedure, the

mobile obtains the physical layer cell

identity as well as the rame timing o

the desired cell in presence o signals

rom interering cells.

The mobile terminal uses the primaryand secondary synchronization signals

(PSS and SSS) to detect the cell ID and

rame timing o the desired cell. The

primary and secondary synchronization

signals are embedded in the middle 72

subcarriers o the sixth and fth OFDM

symbols o the frst slot o subrames

zero and fve, respectively. The PSS is

repeated every 5 ms, while two dierent

SSS sequences are sent over sub

rames zero and fve.

The cell search is done in two phases.

First, the primary synchronization signal

is used to obtain slot synchronization. \

Next, the secondary synchronization

signal is used to obtain ram

synchronization and the cell identity.

The LTE Cell Search system is

comprised o the ollowing main blocks:

LTE Cell ModelThis block represents either the desired

cell or the interering cells and the

channel between these cells and the

mobile terminal.

LTE Slot Timing

During cell search, the mobile terminal

uses P-SCH to estimate the symbol

timing o the desired cell in LTE Slot

Timing block.

LTE Strong Cell

The cell search procedure is required

to be able to detect the desired cell

in presence o two known stronger

interering cells.

LTE Frame Time

Ater symbol timing is detected in

the LTE Slot Time block, the received

signal is then converted into requency


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available at http://www.synopsys.com/copyright.html. All other names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trademarks o their respective owners.

01/12.RP.CS1225.

domain. In this block, an estimate o

the PSS signal is used as a reerence to

coherently detect the SSS signal, which

is then urther processed to detect the

rame timing o the desired cell.

LTE Random Access Channel

The LTE Random Access reerence

system models the procedure a mobile

terminal must perorm to gain access

and register with a cell (i.e. a base

station). During the random access

procedure, the mobile sends a random

access preamble message to the

base station which, i detected will be

acknowledged by the base station.

The mobile terminal uses the inormation

rom the broadcast channel (PBCH) to

determine the random access channel(RACH) parameters and then selects

a RACH preamble rom a set o cyclic

shits o a base Zado- Chu sequence.

The selected preamble is then sent

during a prescribed RACH transmission

period using 1.25kHz subcarrier

spacing. The base station detects this

preamble and uses this to determine

timing between the mobile and

base station.

The RACH preamble detection is

done using a requency domain

crosscorrelation with the known Zado-

Chu sequence. Detected peaks in the

cross-correlation are examined or

their oset rom possible cyclic shit

locations and this determines the timing

oset. The system measures and

reports the probability o detection and

the probability o alse detection o the

transmitted RACH preamble messages.

The RACH system model supports

preamble ormats 0 to 3 or FDD and

TDD mode operation and also supports

the special preamble ormat 4 or

transmission during the UpPTS section

o the special subrame o a TDD rame.

The LTE Random Access reerence

system is preconfgured to run all

o the 36.104 section 8.4 detection

requirements tests and includes the

ollowing models:

Transmitter Models

` RACH preamble selection

` Zado-Chu sequence generation` Transorm Precoding

` RACH baseband signal generation


` Preamble repeating

`Variable delay oset

Radio Channel Model

` SIMO

ÀWGN propagation model


` High Speed TrainÀrbitrary Spatial Correlation



Receiver Models

` Sub-Carrier Extraction

` Frequency domain cross-correlation

with known sequence

Àntenna combining

` Preamble repetition combining

` Peak detection and oset calculation` RACH detection statistics calculation

Customer Focus

Synopsys provides a complete range o

training, support, design methodology

consulting, and integration services.

Technical support requests are

handled directly by experienced design

engineers who are ully amiliar with

the application o Synopsys tools andmethodologies to real-world designs.

Training courses are available at

Synopsys ofces or at the customer site

and can be tailored to meet the specifc

needs o the design team.

For more inormation about the LTE

library, visit us on the web at www.

synopsys.com/dsp, contact your

local sales representative, or call

650.584.5000.
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