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PAUL KENNARD, CTO | AVIAT NETWORKS

IEEE COMSOC PANEL LTE BACKHAUL CHALLENGES, SMALL CELLS AND THE CRITICAL ROLE OF MICROWAVE

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LTE (Long Term Evolution)

4G 10x faster than 3G QoS, Low latency All-IP

Low Cost

?

LESSONS LEARNED #1 CONSTRUCTION (not capacity) is key LTE challenge

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Theore&cal  Single  User  Data  Rate    Down/Up  [Mbps]    

Close   Medium   Far  

10MHz   43  /  14.4   28  /  9.5   14  /  4.8  

real scenario is 100-150mbps backhaul per 3 sector cellsite

LTE CAPACITY REQUIREMENTS

AND PROPER PLANNING EASES RING CAPACITY DEMANDS

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100Mbps Ring Capacity 300Mbps

typical overbooking factor for mobile operator = ~3x ring capacity ~100mbps in this case

       

       

       50Mbps

50Mbps 50Mbps

50Mbps 50Mbps

50Mbps

Gateway Node

Maximum Cell-site Capacity Zone of Capacity Growth

100 Mbit/s

400 Mbit/s

1 Gbit/s

Capacity

Time

Cell-Site Capacity

LTE cannot outstrip microwave capacity to cellsite

BECAUSE MICROWAVE HAS EVOLVED…

Strategy Technique

1.  More Spectrum (More Hz)

•  Multiple channels with link aggregation (incl CCDP)

•  ACM

2.  More Spectral Efficiency (More Bits per Hz)

•  Higher modulations (512/1024 QAM, ACM) •  FEC redundancy

3.  More “Effective” Throughput (More Data per Bit)

•  Header optimization / suppression •  Payload compression •  Asymmetrical RF

Strategy Technique

1.  More Spectrum (More Hz)

•  Multiple channels with link aggregation (incl CCDP) – leverage N+0

•  ACM

2.  More Spectral Efficiency (More Bits per Hz)

•  Higher modulations (512/1024 QAM, ACM) •  FEC redundancy

3.  More “Effective” Throughput (More Data per Bit)

•  Header optimization / suppression •  Payload compression •  Asymmetrical RF

and is a high capacity transport solution

LESSONS LEARNED #2 MICROWAVE MEETS LTE CAPACITY NEEDS even for large rings and multi-cellsite links

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FUTURE OF LTE BACKHAUL IS:

Small Cells!!!

HOWEVER, SMALL CELLS WILL CHANGE THE BACKHAUL PARADIGM…

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1. More sites

higher cost, more complexity

2. Different sites new technologies

and construction challenges will get far worse

meaning… none of today’s backhaul solutions will suffice

Wired  (fiber/cable/dsl)  

Wireless    (LOS)  

Wireless    (NLOS)  

Capacity   10Gbps   1-­‐2Gbps   200+Mbps  (shared,  may  be  ok  for  HSPA)  

Site  LocaLon  /  RestricLons  

Not  available,  costly  install  

LOS  Parabolic   Flexible.  NLOS  

Backhaul  Distance   Long  distance  but  costly   Depends  on  frequency.    Millimeter  wave  limited  

Limited  for  pt-­‐mpt.      Pt-­‐pt  ok  

Latency   us   us   5-­‐10ms  (ok  for  HSPA)  

CAPEX   Very  high   High  (today)   Low  

OPEX   Low   Medium   Medium  

Spectrum   N/A   Available   Costly.  Unlicensed  opLons  very  risky  

LESSONS LEARNED 3 SMALL CELL NOT SIGNIFICANT MARKET until backhaul gets cheaper and easier

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all in one tiny box... including antenna!

WHICH MEANS FUNDAMENTAL INNOVATIONS WILL BE REQUIRED IN FOUNDATIONAL MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGY…

DISTRIBUTED INTELLIGENCE

OTHER NEW APPROACHES WILL NEED TO BE CONSIDERED

CACHING

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and Microwave Networking solutions will emerge

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Integrated,  IP  Microwave  Pla[orm  

QoS,  Bandwidth  management  

RouLng  

SynchronizaLon  

Security  Redundancy  and  

ProtecLon  

ACM,  RF  opLmizaLons  

Others  (DPI,  caching,  CDN,  

etc)  

Microwave Dumb Pipe

AMC  Pacer  –  voted  worst  car  of  all  Lme!  

TO ACHIEVE ALL THIS, WE NEED TO PAY ATTENTION TO WHAT’S IMPORTANT…

THANK YOU

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