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1virendra
lsEiy&iz'u i=lsEiy&iz'u i=lsEiy&iz'u i=lsEiy&iz'u i=lsEiy&iz'u i=
d{kk d{kk d{kk d{kk d{kk X oha oha oha oha oha
i;kZoj.ki;kZoj.ki;kZoj.ki;kZoj.ki;kZoj.k
¼fo|ksfpr izHkkx½NÙkhlx<+ ek/;fed f'k{kk e.My] jk;iqj
2virendra
iz'u & i= dh ;kstukiz'u & i= dh ;kstukiz'u & i= dh ;kstukiz'u & i= dh ;kstukiz'u & i= dh ;kstukScheme of Question Paper
fo"k;%& i;kZoj.k iw.kkZad % 75le; % 3 ?kaVs
ijh{kk % gkbZ Ldwy ¼10oha½
¼v½ 'kS{kf.kd mn~ns'; ds vuqlkj eku¼v½ 'kS{kf.kd mn~ns'; ds vuqlkj eku¼v½ 'kS{kf.kd mn~ns'; ds vuqlkj eku¼v½ 'kS{kf.kd mn~ns'; ds vuqlkj eku¼v½ 'kS{kf.kd mn~ns'; ds vuqlkj eku
(A) Weightage as per Educational objective:
l0 Ø0l0 Ø0l0 Ø0l0 Ø0l0 Ø0 mn~ns';mn~ns';mn~ns';mn~ns';mn~ns'; vadvadvadvadvad izfr'krizfr'krizfr'krizfr'krizfr'kr
1-1-1-1-1- Kku Kku Kku Kku Kku (Knowledge) 22 22 22 22 22 30 30 30 30 30% 2- 2- 2- 2- 2- vocks/kvocks/kvocks/kvocks/kvocks/k (Understanding) 37 37 37 37 37 50 50 50 50 50% 3- 3- 3- 3- 3- vuqiz;ksx ,oa dkS'ky vuqiz;ksx ,oa dkS'ky vuqiz;ksx ,oa dkS'ky vuqiz;ksx ,oa dkS'ky vuqiz;ksx ,oa dkS'ky (Application & Skill) 16 16 16 16 16 20 20 20 20 20%
;ksx;k sx;k sx;k sx;k sx 75 75 75 75 75 100 100 100 100 100%
¼c½ b¼c½ b¼c½ b¼c½ b¼c½ bdkbZokj vadks dk ekudkbZokj vadks dk ekudkbZokj vadks dk ekudkbZokj vadks dk ekudkbZokj vadks dk eku
l0Ø0l0Ø0l0Ø0l0Ø0l0Ø0 bdkbZ bdkbZ bdkbZ bdkbZ bdkbZ dk ukedk ukedk ukedk ukedk uke bdkbZ ij vkcafVr vadbdkbZ ij vkcafVr vadbdkbZ ij vkcafVr vadbdkbZ ij vkcafVr vadbdkbZ ij vkcafVr vad iz'u&i= iz'u&i= iz'u&i= iz'u&i= iz'u&i= ds izk:i vuqlkjds izk:i vuqlkjds izk:i vuqlkjds izk:i vuqlkjds izk:i vuqlkj
vkcafVr vadvkcafVr vadvkcafVr vadvkcafVr vadvkcafVr vad
1- e`nk lja{k.k ,oa izca/ku 10 4$6 ¾ 10
2- ty rFkk egklkxjh; 8 1$2$5 ¾ 08
lalk/kuksa dk laj{k.k ,oa izca/ku
3- tSfod fofo/krk dk laj{k.k 7 1$2$4 ¾ 07
4- iznw"k.k ds izdkj] L=ksr 10 1$2$2$5 ¾ 10
,oa izeq[k iznw"kd
5- iznw"k.k ds izHkko rFkk 10 1$3$6 ¾ 10
fu;a=.k ds mik;
6- vkink izca/ku 5 1 $ 4 ¾ 5
7- i;kZoj.k leL;k,¡ - I 5 1$1$3 ¾ 5
8- i;kZoj.k leL;k,¡ - II 5 1 $ 4 ¾ 5
9- vPNs i;kZoj.k fuekZ.k 10 1$1$3$5 ¾ 10
gsrq iz;kl
10- miHkksDrk f'k{kk 5 2 $ 3 ¾ 5
11-
12-
-1-
3virendra
¼l½ dfBukbZ Lrj ¼l½ dfBukbZ Lrj ¼l½ dfBukbZ Lrj ¼l½ dfBukbZ Lrj ¼l½ dfBukbZ Lrj (Difficulty Level)
l0 Ø0l0 Ø0l0 Ø0l0 Ø0l0 Ø0 mn~ns';mn~ns';mn~ns';mn~ns';mn~ns'; vadvadvadvadvad izfr'krizfr'krizfr'krizfr'krizfr'kr
1-1-1-1-1- ljy ljy ljy ljy ljy (Easy) 15 15 15 15 15 20 20 20 20 20% 2- 2- 2- 2- 2- vkSlr vkSlr vkSlr vkSlr vkSlr (Average) 45 45 45 45 45 60 60 60 60 60% 3- 3- 3- 3- 3- dfBu dfBu dfBu dfBu dfBu (Difficult) 15 15 15 15 15 20 20 20 20 20%
;ksx;k sx;k sx;k sx;k sx 75 75 75 75 75 100 100 100 100 100%
¼n½ iz'ui= fn'kk funsZ'k ,oa fodYi ;kstuk %&¼n½ iz'ui= fn'kk funsZ'k ,oa fodYi ;kstuk %&¼n½ iz'ui= fn'kk funsZ'k ,oa fodYi ;kstuk %&¼n½ iz'ui= fn'kk funsZ'k ,oa fodYi ;kstuk %&¼n½ iz'ui= fn'kk funsZ'k ,oa fodYi ;kstuk %&
(Instruction's & Scheme of Option for Question Paper)
oLrqfu"B iz'u esa ¼05½ cgqfodYih; iz'u rFkk ¼05½ fjDr LFkku dh iwfrZ@mfpr tksM+h
cuk, dk iz'u fn;k tkosxk vkSj ;g izR;sd lsV esa iz'u Øekad 1 gksxk A
izR;sd lsV esa 1] 2 ,oa 3 vadksa ds iz'uksa esa fHkUurk jgsxh A leLr 04 vad ;k blls
vf/kd vadks ds y?kqmÙkjh; rFkk nh?kZmÙkjh; iz'uksa esa fodYi fn;k tkuk gS A fodYi
iz'u mlh bdkbZ ls rFkk leku mn~ns';ksa ds jgsaxs A 04 vad ;k blls vf/kd vadks ds
iz'u izR;sd lsV esa ,d leku jgsaxs A
vf/kdre mÙkj lhek vfry?kqmÙkjh; ¼2 vad@30 'kCn½ ¼3 vad@50 'kCn½
y?kqmÙkjh; ¼4 vad@75 'kCn½ ¼5 vad@150 'kCn½
nh?kZmÙkjh; ¼6 vad ;k vf/kd@250 'kCn½
-2-
4virendra
iz'u & i= dk CywfizUViz'u & i= dk CywfizUViz'u & i= dk CywfizUViz'u & i= dk CywfizUViz'u & i= dk CywfizUVBlue Print of Question Paper
fo"k;%& i;kZoj.k iw.kkZad % 75
le; % 3 ?kaVsijh{kk % gkbZLdwy ¼10oha½
-3-
1 vad 2 vad 3 vad 4 vad 5 vad 6 vad 6 vad ;k
blls vf/kd
1 Ist 10 & & & 1 & 1 & 2
2 IInd 8 1 1 & & 1 & & 2$1
3 IIIrd 7 1 1 & 1 & & & 2$1
4 IVth 10 1 2 & & 1 & & 3$1
5 Vth 10 1 & 1 & & 1 & 2$1
6 VIth 5 1 & & 1 & & & 1$1
7 VIIth 5 2 & 1 & & & & 1$2
8 VIIIth 5 1 & & 1 & & & 1$1
9 IXth 10 2 & 1 & 1 & & 2$2
10 Xth 5 & 1 1 & & & & 2
11 - - - - - - - - - -
12 - - - - - - - - - -
;ksx 75 10 5 4 4 3 2 18+(10) 1
dqy iz'ubdkbZl-Ø-
bdkbZ bdkbZ ij vkcafVr vad
vadokj iz'u
5virendra
gkbZ Ldwy lVhZfQdsV ijh{kkgkbZ Ldwy lVhZfQdsV ijh{kkgkbZ Ldwy lVhZfQdsV ijh{kkgkbZ Ldwy lVhZfQdsV ijh{kkgkbZ Ldwy lVhZfQdsV ijh{kkHigh School Certificate Examination
lsEiy&iz'u i=lsEiy&iz'u i=lsEiy&iz'u i=lsEiy&iz'u i=lsEiy&iz'u i=SAMPLE PAPER
fo"k; %&fo"k; %&fo"k; %&fo"k; %&fo"k; %& (Subject) - i;kZoj.ki;kZoj.ki;kZoj.ki;kZoj.ki;kZoj.k le; 3 ?k.Vk le; 3 ?k.Vk le; 3 ?k.Vk le; 3 ?k.Vk le; 3 ?k.Vk (Time- 3 Hrs)d{kk %&d{kk %&d{kk %&d{kk %&d{kk %& (Class) - nlohanlohanlohanlohanloha iw.kkZad 75 iw.kkZad 75 iw.kkZad 75 iw.kkZad 75 iw.kkZad 75 (M.M.)
Set - A
(Instruction) & ¼funsZ’k½& ¼funsZ’k½& ¼funsZ’k½& ¼funsZ’k½& ¼funsZ’k½1- lHkh iz'u gy djuk vfuok;Z gS A
Attempt all the Question2- iz'u Øekad 01 esa 10 vad fu/kkZfjr gS A nks mi[k.M gS A [k.M ^^v** esa 05
cgqfodYih; iz'u rFkk [k.M ^^c** esa 05 fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ vFkok mfpr
laca/k tksfM, A izR;sd iz'u ds fy, 1 vad vkcafVr gS A
Q. No. 01 Carries 10 Marks. There are two sub-section, Section A isMultiple choice carries 05 marks and section B is fill in the blanks ormatch the column carries 05 marks.
3- iz'u Øekad 02 ls iz'u Øekad 06 rd vfr y?kqmRrjh; iz'u gS A izR;sd iz'u
ij 02 vad vkcafVr gS A mRrj dh vf/kdre 'kCn lhek 30 'kCn A
Q. No. 2 to 06 are very short answer type question & it carries 02 markseach. Word limit is maximum 30.
4- iz'u Øekad 07 ls iz'u Øekad 10 rd y?kqmRrjh; iz'u gS A izR;sd iz'u ij 03
vad vkcafVr gS A mRrj dh vf/kdre 'kCn lhek 50 'kCn A
Q. No. 07 to 10 are short answer type question & it carries 03 markseach. Word limit is maximum 50.
5- iz'u Øekad 11 ls iz'u Øekad 14 rd y?kqmRrjh; iz'u gS A izR;sd iz'u esa
vkarfjd fodYi gS vkSj izR;sd iz'u ij 04 vad vkcafVr gS A mRrj dh vf/kdre
'kCn lhek 75 'kCn A
Q. No. 11 to 14 are short answer type question & it carries 04 markseach. Each question has internal choice. Word limit is maximum 75.
6virendra
6- iz'u Øekad 15 ls iz'u Øekad 17 rd nh?kZmRrjh; iz'u gS A izR;sd iz'u esa
vkarfjd fodYi gS vkSj izR;sd iz'u ij 05 vad vkcafVr gS A mRrj dh vf/kdre
'kCn lhek 100 'kCn A
Q. No. 15 to 17 are long answer type question & it carries 05 markseach. Each question has internal choice. Word limit is maximum 100.
7- iz'u Øekad 18 vkSj 19 rd nh?kZmRrjh; iz'u gS A izR;sd iz'u esa vkarfjd
fodYi gS vkSj izR;sd iz'u ij 06 vad vkcafVr gS A mRrj dh vf/kdre 'kCn
lhek 150 'kCn A
Q. No. 18 to 19 are long answer type question & it carries 06 markseach. Each question has internal choice. Word limit is maximum 150.
7virendra
iz’u 1& [k.M ^v* @ [k.M ^v* @ [k.M ^v* @ [k.M ^v* @ [k.M ^v* @ Section (A)
lgh fodYi pqfu,lgh fodYi pqfu,lgh fodYi pqfu,lgh fodYi pqfu,lgh fodYi pqfu,
Choose the correct alternative
(i) leqnzrVh; fuokfl;ksa dks dSfYl;e dkcksZsusV izkIr gksrk gS & ¼1½
v- vknzHkwfe ls c- dPN ouLifr;ksa ls
l- izokyfHkfRr;ksa ls n- buesa ls dksbZ ugha
The people of coastal area get Calcium Corbonate.
(a) Dry land (b) Mangrove vegetatation
(c) Coral Reef (d) None of these
(ii) ckny [kksy vH;kj.; ftys esa fLFkr gS & ¼1½
v- jk;iqj esa c- t'kiqj esa
l- egkleqan esa n- fcykliqj esa
Badal Khol sencturary is in district-
(a) Raipur (b) Jashpur
(c) Mahasamund (c) Bilaspur
(iii) buesa ls jsfM;ks/kehZ rRo ugha gS & ¼1½
v- gkbZMªkstu &3 c- dkcZu & 14
l- ;wjsfu;e & 235 n- ,Y;wehfu;e
Element that is not radioactive-
(a) Hydrogen - 3 (b) Carbon - 14
(c) Uranium - 235 (d) Aluminium
(iv) isaV dh gqbZ lrg dk Hkwjk jax dkyk gks tkrk gS & ¼1½
v- Pbs ds dkj.k c- PbsO4 ds dkj.k
l- PbO ds dkj.k n- buesa ls dksbZ ugha A
Brown colour painted surface become black-
(a) Due to Pbs (b) Due to PbsO4
(c) Due to Pbo (d) None of these
8virendra
(v) vkinkvksa dk izdkj gksrk gS & ¼1½
v- 1] c- 2] l- 3] n- 4
Disasters are of ........... types
(a) 1, (b) 2, (c) 3, (d) 4
[k.M ^c* @ [k.M ^c* @ [k.M ^c* @ [k.M ^c* @ [k.M ^c* @ Section (B)
fjDr LFkku dh iwfrZ dhft,fjDr LFkku dh iwfrZ dhft,fjDr LFkku dh iwfrZ dhft,fjDr LFkku dh iwfrZ dhft,fjDr LFkku dh iwfrZ dhft,
Fill in the blanks-
(i) gjs ikS/kksa dks ---------------------- e`r dj nsrh gS A ¼1½
.................... makes green plant die.
(ii) tSo Mhty fefJr bZ/ku ls okguksa ds batu dh mez -------------------- gS A ¼1½
The life of an engine of a vehicle ............... with the biodiesel mixed fuel.
(iii) LVksu dSalj -------------------- ls gksrk gS A ¼1½
.................. causes stone cancer.
(iv) fpidks vkanksyu ds iz.ksrk ---------------------- Fks A ¼1½
.................... is the head of Chipko movement.
(v) vkijs'ku e`x ------------------- ls izkjEHk gqvk A ¼1½
Operation Deer was started in ..................
iz'u 2& jk"Vªh; ty izcU/ku ifj;kstuk dk mn~ns'; D;k gS \ ¼2½
Waht is the aim of National water management ?
iz'u 3& iznw"kd D;k gS \ ¼2½
What is a pollutant ?
iz'u 4& NRrhlx<+ esa ck;ksfMty dk fuekZ.k fdl ikS/ks ls fd;k tk jgk gS \ ¼2½
From which plant is biodiesel produced in Chhattisgarh ?
iz'u 5& lkekftd fØ;kdykiksa ls ok;qe.My iznwf"kr gksrk gS] bl dFku dh iqf"V
dhft, A ¼2½
Clarify the statement "Social activities causes atmospheric pollution."
9virendra
iz'u 6& dksydkrk esa ljlksa rsy esa fdl inkFkZ ds feykoV ds dkj.k gtkjksa O;fDr viax
gks x;s \ ¼2½
The mixture of which substance in mustard oil handicapped thousands of people
in Kolkata ?
iz'u 7& ?kjsyw iznw"k.k dks fu;fU=r djus ds dksbZ rhu mik; fyf[k, A ¼1$1$1½
Write three measures of controlling domestic pollution.
iz'u 8& LoPN i;kZoj.k dh lq[kn dYiuk D;ksa vko';d gS \ ¼3½
Why is pleasant imagination of clearely environment neccessary ?
iz'u 9& dy&dkj[kkuksa ds c<+rs iz;ksx ls gksus okyh i;kZoj.kh; leL;kvksa ds jksdFkke ds
dksbZ rhu mik; fyf[k, A ¼1$1$1½
Write any three measures for preventing the environmental problems caused
due to increase in industries.
iz'u 10& fdUgh rhu HkksT; inkFkksZ ds uke rFkk mlesa feykoV gksus okys inkFkksZ ds uke
fyf[k, A ¼1$1$1½
Write the names of any 3 food products and substances mixed for adulteration.
iz'u 11& lL;korZu D;k gS \ blls e`nk dks D;k ykHk gS \ ¼2½
What is crop ratation ? How is it beneficial for soil ?
^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok OR**********
d.Vwj Ñf"k ls D;k le>rs gSa \ blls e`nk dks D;k ykHk gS \ ¼2$2½
What do you understand by contour cultivation ? How is it beneficial for soil?
iz'u 12& NRrhlx<+ dks gcZy LVsV jkT; D;ksa ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k \ ¼4½
Why is Chhattisgarh declared as harbal State ?
^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok OR**********
NRrhlx<+ jkT; }kjk ?kksf"kr ou uhfr D;k gS \ ¼4½
What is the forest policy declared by Chhattisgarh state ?
iz'u 13& ,d LFkku ij ck¡/k cuus ds dkj.k Mwc ls izHkkfor {ks= ds yksxksa ds vU;=
foLFkkiu ,oa i;kZoj.k ij iM+us okys pkj dkj.kksa dks fyf[k, A ¼4½
Write any four effects, of the displacement of the people of submerged area
during the dam construction on environment and life.
10virendra
^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok OR**********
ekuoÑr xfrfof/k;ksa ds dkj.k yksxksa dk iquZLFkkiu o iquokZlu ds pkj dkj.kksa
dks fyf[k, A ¼4½
Write any four causes of rehabilitation and re estabilishment due to human
induced activities.
iz'u 14& gfjr x`g izHkko dk ukekafdr vkjs[k cukb, A ¼2$2½
Draw a labelled ray diagram of green house effect.
^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok OR**********
vEyh; o"kkZ dk ukekafdr vkjs[k cukb, A ¼2$2½
Draw a labelled ray diagram of acid rain fall.
iz'u 15& fuEu ij laf{kIr VhIi.kh fyf[k, & (2½+2½)
¼1½ dPN ouLifr;k¡ ¼2½ izckyfHkfRr;k¡
Write short notes on :-
(1) Mangrove Vegetation (2) Coral Reefs.
^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok OR**********
fuEu ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k, & (2½+2½)
¼1½ vknzZ Hkwfe ¼2½ okVj'kSM izcU/k dk egRo
Write short notes on :-
(1) Dry land (2) Water shed management.
iz'u 16& leqnzh iznw"k.k D;k gS \ leqnzks ds O;kid :i ls iznwf"kr djus okys dkjdksa dk
o.kZu dhft, A ¼1$4½
What is marine pollution ? Describe the various factors that pollute the sea
widely.
^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok OR**********
e`nk iznw"k.k D;k gS \ e`nk iznw"k.k ds ekuoh; dkj.kksa dk o.kZu dhft, A ¼1$4½
What is soil pollution ? Discribe the anthropogenic causes of soil pollution.
iz'u 17& vPNs i;kZoj.k gsrq dkSu&dkSu ls fØ;kdyki djus pkfg, \ laf{kIr esa o.kZu
dhft, A ¼5½
11virendra
What are the healthy activities that one should do for healthy environment ?
Describe in brief.
^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok OR**********
i;kZoj.k tutkx`fr dk;ZØe dkSu&dkSu ls gSa \ izR;sd dk o.kZu dhft, A ¼2$3½
What are the programmes of public awareness for environment ? Describe each
in brief.
iz'u 18& ou izcU/k gsrq D;k&D;k ljdkjh iz;kl fd;s tk jgs gSa \ izR;sd dk laf{kIr o.kZu
dhft, A ¼6½
What are the efforts made by the government for forest management ? Describe
each effort in brief.
^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok OR**********
Hkwfe D;k gS \ Hkwfe ds u"V vFkok nwf"kr gksus ds dkj.kksa dks fyf[k, A blds cpko
ds D;k&D;k mik; gSa \ (1+2½+2½)
What is land ? write the reasons of land deterioration and pollution. What are
the means of its protection ?
iz'u 19& ty iznw"k.k dk tho&tUrqvksa ij D;k izHkko iM+rk gS \ ty iznw"k.k fu;a=.k ds
mik; fyf[k, A ¼2$4½
What are the effect of water pollution on living organisms ? Write the measures
of controlling water pollution.
^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok OR**********
ok;q iznw"k.k dk ekuo LokLF; ij D;k izHkko iM+rk gS \ okgfud ok;q iznw"k.k dks
fu;af=r djus ds mik; fyf[k, A ¼3$3½
What are effects of air pollution on human health ? Write the measures of
controlling vehicle pollution.
&&00&&
12virendra
^^lsEiy mRrj**^^lsEiy mRrj**^^lsEiy mRrj**^^lsEiy mRrj**^^lsEiy mRrj**
[k.M & ^v*
(i) leqnz rVh; fuokfl;ksa dks dSfYl;e dkcksZusV izkIr gksrk gS&
mRrj& ¼l½ izokyfHkfRr;ksa ls
(ii) ckny[kksy vH;kj.; ftys esa fLFkr gS &
mRrj& ¼c½ t'kiqj esa
(iii) buesa ls jsfM;ks/kehZ rRo ugha gS &
mRrj& ¼n½ ,Y;wehfu;e
(iv) isaV dh gqbZ lrg dk Hkwjk jax dkyk gks tkrk gS &
mRrj& ¼v½ pbs ds dkj.k
(v) vkinkvksa dk izdkj gksrk gS &
mRrj& ¼c½ nks
^[k.M c* mRrj
(i) & SO2 xSl
(ii) & c<+rh
(iii) & vEyh; o"kkZ
(iv) & Jh lqUnjyky cgqxq.kk @ Jh paM+h izlkn HkV~V
(v) & ekpZ 2001
mRrj 2& jk"Vªh; ty izcU/ku ifj;kstuk dk mn~ns'; [ksrh dh iSnkokj vkSj [ksrh ls gkus
okyh vk; esa o`f) djuk gS A
mRrj 3& os inkFkZ tks vuqfpr LFkku ij] vuqfpr ek=k esa ekuo }kjk folftZr fd, tkrs
gSa] iznw"kd dgykrs gSa A
mRrj 4& NRrhlx<+ esa ck;ksMhty dk fuekZ.k jru tksr uked ikS/ks ls fd;k tk jgk
gS A
mRrj 5& lekt ds fofHkUu jhfr&fjokt] tSls 'koksa dk ngu] R;kSgkjksa rFkk 'kknh&C;kg esa
gksus okyh vkfr'kckth vkfn dkj.kksa ls ok;qeaMy iznwf"kr gksrk gS A
mRrj 6& dksydkrk esa ljlksrsy esa dke vkus okyk nzo VªkbfØlky QkLQsV dh feykoV
ds dkj.k gtkjks O;fDr viax gks x, A
13virendra
mRrj 7& ?kjsyq iznw"k.k dks fu;af=r djus ds 3 mik; fuEufyf[kr gS &
¼1½ ?kjksa esa /kqavk jfgr bZ/kauksa ds mi;ksx dks c<+kok nsuk A
¼2½ ?kjsyq dwM+k&djdV dks [kqys LFkku ij Qsadus dh ctk; feV~Vh ds xgjs xM~<+ks dks
[kksndj mlesa nck nsuk A
¼3½ ?kjksa esa f[kM+dh] njoktksa rFkk jks'kunkuksa dk leqfpr izca/k gksuk pkfg,] ,oa jlkbZ
?kjksa esa fpeuh dh O;oLFkk djuh pkfg, A
mRrj 8& vkt ds le; esa LoPN i;kZoj.k dh lq[kn dYiuk vfr vko';d gS] ,d vPNk
i;kZoj.k D;k gS A bl fo"k; ij vusd yksxksa ds vusder gks ldrs gSa] tks bl
ckr ij fuHkZj djrs gSa fd muds lkspus] jgus] [kku&iku] dke vkfn djus dk
rjhdk D;k gS A ij fQj Hkh bl ckr ij lHkh lger gksaxs fd dqM+k&ddZV] /kwy]
jksx] iznw"k.k] HkhM+] ruko] Mj] fpUrk,¡ vkSj vLoLFkrk] thou dh lqanjrk dks {kfr
igqapkrs gSa A vr% LoPN ,oa vPNs thou gsrq ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd thou dh
xq.koRrk dk Bksl vk/kkj i;kZoj.k dh xq.koRrk gh gS] LoPN ty] Hkkstu] ok;q]
vkokl i;kZoj.k ds vko';d ?kVd gS A izkÑfrd inkFkksZ dk leqfpr mi;ksx ge
dj lds] bl gsrq LoPN i;kZoj.k dh lq[kn dYiuk vfuok;Z gS A
mRrj 9& dy&dkj[kkuksa ds c<+rs iz;ksx ls gksus okyh i;kZoj.kh; leL;kvksa ds jksdFkke
gsrq rhu mik; fuEufyf[kr gS &
¼1½ dy&dkj[kkuksa esa fpefu;k¡ Å¡pkbZ ij yxkbZ tkuh pkfg, A
¼2½ dkj[kkuksa ls ckgj fudyus okys vif'k"V inkFkksZ dk leqfpr mipkj fd;k tkuk
pkfg, A
¼3½ m|ksxksa esa df.kdh; iznw"kdksa ds fuLrkj.k ds fy, cSx fQYVj dks fpefu;ksa ls
tksM+uk pkfg, A Qsfczd fQYVj ;k gkbZ ,uthZ LØscj midj.kksa dk iz;ksx djds
ok;q iznw"k.k de fd;k tk ldrk gS A
mRrj 10& rhu HkksT; inkFkksZ ds uke] mlesa feykoV gksus okys iz;qDr inkFkZ
Ø- HkksT; inkFkZ feykoVh inkFkZ
¼1½ 'kq) ?kh & MkyMk
¼2½ gYnh & ysM ØksesV
¼3½ dkyh fepZ & iihrs dk cht
14virendra
mRrj 11& lL;korZu e`nk laj{k.k dk ,d mik; gS] ;fn e`nk esa izR;sd o"kZ ,d gh izdkj
dh Qly mxkbZ tk, rks e`nk dh moZjk 'kfDr lekIr gksus yxrh gS] vr% e`nk
dh moZjk 'kfDr dks cuk, j[kus ds fy, izR;sd o"kZ Qlyksa esa ifjorZu fd;k tk,
rks bls lL;korZu ;k Qly pØ dgrs gSa A
mnkgj.k& ;fn e`nk esa ,d ckj xsgw¡] dikl] eDdk] vkyq vkfn dh Qly cksus
ds ckn nwljh Qly ngyu dqy ds ikS/kksa dh gksuh pkfg,] bu ikS/kksa dh tM+ksa esa
xkaBs ikbZ tkrh gS] ftuesa mifLFkr thok.kq okrkoj.k dh ukbVªkstu dks Hkwfe esa
fLFkj dj nsrk gS] ftlls moZjk 'kfDr c<+ tkrh gS A
^^vFkok**
d.Vwj Ñf"k& bl izdkj dh Ñf"k igkM+ksa dh <ykuksa ij vf/kd mi;ksxh gS] [ksrksa
esa ;k <yku okys {ks=ksa esa [kkaps rFkk dVd cuk, tkrs gS] ftlls ikuh blesa :d
tkrk gS A
ykHk& ¼1½ ;g e`nk laj{k.k dh ,d tSfod fof/k gS A
¼2½ blesa e`nk dk vijnu ugha gksrk gS A
mRrj 12& NRrhlx<+ izkÑfrd n`f"V ls [kfut liank ls oSHko'kkyh jgk gS A ;g izkphure
bfrgkl o laLÑfr dk lk{kh jgk gS] orZeku esa N-x- jkT; }kjk ouksa dks lajf{kr
djus rFkkmlds fpfdRlh; egRo dks tuekul rd igq¡pkus ds fy, egRoiw.kZ
dk;Z fd, tk jgs gSa A ftlls bls vc yksx gcZy LVsV ds uke ls tkuus yxs
gS A
^^vFkok**
NRrhlx<+ jkT; }kjk ouks ds laj{k.k ,oa fodkl gsrq ?kksf"kr ou uhfr fuEukuqlkj
gS &
¼1½ ou {ks=ksa esa Ñf"k okfudh dk;ksZ dks c<+kok fn;k tk,xk A
¼2½ jkT; ds ou xzkeksa dks jktLo xzkeksa esa cnyk tk,xk A
¼3½ jkT; dks gcZy LVsV cukus dh vo/kkj.kk dks ewrZ :i nsus ds fy, y?kq ouksit
vkSj vkS"k/kh; ikS/kksa dks lajf{kr ,oa laof/kZr fd;k tk,xk A
mRrj 13& ,d LFkku ij cka/k cuus ds dkj.k Mwc ls izHkkfor {ks= ds yksxksa ds vU;=
foLFkkiu dk i;kZoj.k ,oa yksxksa ij fofHkUu izdkjksa ls izHkko iM+rk gS A tSls&
15virendra
¼1½ cfLr;ksa dks uohu {ks=ksa esa clkus ls mudh lkaLÑfrd fojklr u"V gks tkrh gS A
¼2½ ifj;kstuk LFky dh e`nk] ouLifr rFkk vU; thoksa dh {kfr gksrh gS A
¼3½ foLFkkfir ifjokjksa dks tgk¡ clk;k tkrk gS] ogk¡ ds i;kZoj.k ij foijhr izHkko
iM+rk gS A
¼4½ u, LFkku ij clus ds dkj.k jkstxkj dh leL;k gksrh gS A
^^vFkok**
ekuoÑr xfrfof/k;ksa ds dkj.k yksxksa dk iquLFkkZiu o iquokZlu fuEu dkj.kksa ls
gks ldrk gS &
¼1½ ;q) dky ds le; lhekorhZ xkaoksa ls yksxksa dks vU;= crk;k tkrk gS A
¼2½ vkS|ksfxdhdj.k ds le; yksxksa dks nwljs LFkkuksa ij clk;k tkrk gS A
¼3½ jsyekxZ] jktekxZ cukrs le; vf/kx`fgr Hkwfe es cls yksxksa dks vU;= clk;k
tkrk gS A
¼4½ cka/kksa ds fuekZ.k {ks= esa ,oa mlds Mwc ls laHkkfor izHkkfor {ks= ds yksxksa dks vU;=
clk;k tkrk gS A
mRrj 14& gfjr x`g izHkko dk vkjs[k
^^vFkok**
16virendra
vEyh; o"kkZ & ukekafdr vkjs[k
mRrj 15& laf{kIr fVIi.kh&
¼1½ dPN ouLifr;k¡&¼1½ dPN ouLifr;k¡&¼1½ dPN ouLifr;k¡&¼1½ dPN ouLifr;k¡&¼1½ dPN ouLifr;k¡&
dPN ouLifr;k¡ fo'o ds Å".k rFkk miks".k dfVca/kh; {ks=ksa dh {kkj lg okfudh
ikfjfLFkrdh O;oLFkk gS ;s cM+h rknkn esa ikS/kksa vkSj tho tUrqvksa dh ,slh
iztkfr;ksa ds laxzg.k {ks= gS] tks ,d yacs fodklØe esa vkil esa laca/k jgs gS] vkSj
ftuesa {kkj lgu djus dh mYys[kuh; {kerk gS] ;s leqnzh rVjs[kk dks fLFkj
djrh gS ,oa leqnz }kjk gks jgs dVko ls rVca/k dh j{kk djrh gS A dPN
ouLifr;k¡ lewps Hkkjrh; leqnz rV ij ifjjf{kr eqgkuksa Tokjh;] rkfM+;ksa] i';
ty] {kkjh; nynyksa vkSj nynyh eSnkuksa esa ikbZ tkrh gS] ;s /kkj.kh; eRL; {ks=
dk lao/kZu Hkh djrh gS ou vkSj i;kZoj.k ea=ky; 1987 ls dPN ouLifr laj{k.k
dk;Z py jgk gS A
¼2½ izoky fHkfÙk;k¡&¼2½ izoky fHkfÙk;k¡&¼2½ izoky fHkfÙk;k¡&¼2½ izoky fHkfÙk;k¡&¼2½ izoky fHkfÙk;k¡&
izoky fHkfÙk;ksa dks vaxzsth esa dksjy dgk tkrk gS] ftls ,d fo'ks"k izdkj ds
tyh; izk.kh ds fy, iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gS A leqnz ds vanj ,d NksVk lk izk.kh
pwus ds [kksy ls fpidk jgrk gS] og ogha ij c<+rk] budh la[;k esa yxkrkj o`f)
ls leqnz ds Hkhrj pqus dk ,d pV~Vku bl izk.kh dh enn ls mHkj dj vkrk gS]
pwus ls fufeZr bl izk.kh vo'ks"k dks izoky fHkfÙk dgrs gS] Hkkjr esa izoky fHkfÙk;ksa
ds izeq[k LFky gSa &
17virendra
¼1½ vaMeku ,oa fudksckj }hi lewg
¼2½ y{k}hi
¼3½ eUukj dh [kkM+h
¼4½ dPN dh [kkM+h
^^vFkok**
¼1½ vknzZ Hkwfe%&¼1½ vknzZ Hkwfe%&¼1½ vknzZ Hkwfe%&¼1½ vknzZ Hkwfe%&¼1½ vknzZ Hkwfe%&
ns'k es avknzZ Hkwfe BaMs vkSj 'kq"d bykds ls ysdj e/; Hkkjr esa dfVca/kh; ekulwuh
bykds vkSj nf{k.k ds ueh okys bykds esa QSyh gS A ;g ck<+ fu;a=.k esa izHkkoh
gS] vkSj ryNV de djrh gS A ;g {ks= 'khrdky ds fy, if{k;ksa vkSj tho
tUrqvksa ds fy, 'kj.kkxkg gS] fofHkUu izdkj dh eNfy;ksa vkSj tUrqvksa ds iztuu
ds fy, Hkh ;g mRre {ks= gS] leqnzh rqQku vkSj v/kaM ds izHkko dks lgu djus
dh mPp {kerk buesa gksrh gS] ;g leqnzh rV js[kk dks fLFkj djrh gS A
¼2½ okVj 'kSM iz.kkyh dk egRo&¼2½ okVj 'kSM iz.kkyh dk egRo&¼2½ okVj 'kSM iz.kkyh dk egRo&¼2½ okVj 'kSM iz.kkyh dk egRo&¼2½ okVj 'kSM iz.kkyh dk egRo&
okVj 'kSM izca/k eq[; :i ls oukjksi.k ,oa okVj 'ksM ij vk/kkfjr Ñf"k Hkwfe ds
fodkl ds fy, vPNs cht moZjd csgrj Ñf"k Hkwfe] midj.k ,oa csgrj Ñf"k
foKku fof/k;ksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS A O;kid okVj 'ksM fodkl dk;ZØe Ñf"k
fodkl ,oa mRiknu c<+kus ds fy, vf/kd izHkkoh i)fr gS A
mRrj 16& leqnzh iznw"k.k& leqnzh iznw"k.k ds dkj.k leqnzh tho&tUrq u"V gks jgs gSa A leqnzh
lEink dh gkfu gks jgh gS A
leqnzh iznw"k.k ds izHkkoleqnzh iznw"k.k ds izHkkoleqnzh iznw"k.k ds izHkkoleqnzh iznw"k.k ds izHkkoleqnzh iznw"k.k ds izHkko
(i) ufn;ksa ds lkFk vkus okys iznw"kd ls leqnzh thoksa dk u"V gksuk A
(ii) nwf"kr eNyh dks [kkus ls ekuo chekj gks jgk gS A
(iii) leqnz esa nq?kZVuko'k isVªksfy;e inkFkksZ ds fjlko ls ekuo] eNfy;ksa ij izHkkoA
(iv) leqnzh xgjkbZ esa mifLFkr jlk;uksa dk mi;ksx vkS"k/kh fuekZ.k esa gks jgk gS]
iznw"k.k ls bu inkFkksZ dh xq.koRrk izHkkfor gksrh gS A
(v) leqnzh iznw"k.k ls ew¡xs dh mit de gks jgh gS & xgjh vkfFkZd {kfr A
(vi) ijek.kq ijh{k.k ls leqnzh tho jsfM;ks/kfeZrk ls izHkkfor gks x, gS] tks dSalj
mRifRr dk dkj.k cu x, gSa A
18virendra
^^vFkok**
e`nk iznw"k.k &e`nk iznw"k.k &e`nk iznw"k.k &e`nk iznw"k.k &e`nk iznw"k.k & e`nk foHkUu izdkj ds [kfut rRoksa] dkcZfud inkFkZ] xSlksa ,oa ty vkfn
rRoksa dk ,d fuf'pr vuqikr esa feJ.k gksrk gS A fdlh dkj.ko'k ljapuk ,oa
xq.koRrk lekIr gks tkrh gS] bls e`nk iznw"k.k dgrs gSa A
e`nk iznw"k.k ds dkj.k &e`nk iznw"k.k ds dkj.k &e`nk iznw"k.k ds dkj.k &e`nk iznw"k.k ds dkj.k &e`nk iznw"k.k ds dkj.k &
¼1½ ou fouk'k
¼2½ e`nk esa jlk;uksa dk mi;ksx
¼3½ vkS|ksfxd vif'k"V
¼4½ uxjh; vif'k"V
mRrj 17& vPNs i;kZoj.k gsrq fØ;kdyki&vPNs i;kZoj.k gsrq fØ;kdyki&vPNs i;kZoj.k gsrq fØ;kdyki&vPNs i;kZoj.k gsrq fØ;kdyki&vPNs i;kZoj.k gsrq fØ;kdyki& i;kZoj.k dks le>us] mlds larqyu mls tu
mi;ksxh cukus gsrq n`f"Vdks.k ges cnyuk gksxk A
izeq[k fØ;kdyki&
¼1½ izÑfr esa ekuoÑr i;kZoj.k dh fLFkfr tks ekuo ds nks"kiw.kZ ÑR;ksa ds ckn jg xbZ
gS mls laj{k.k iznku fd;k tk, A
¼2½ iznw"k.k jksdus dkuwuksa dk l[rh ls ikyu djkuk pkfg, A
¼3½ i;kZoj.k f'k{kk dh vko';drk dks yksxksa dks le>k;k tk, A
¼4½ i;kZoj.k vkpkj lafgrk dk fodkl A
¼5½ i;kZoj.k ds {ks= esa izf'kf{kr O;fDr;ksa dh vko';drk ij /;ku A
^^vFkok**
i;kZoj.k tu tkx`fr dk;ZØei;kZoj.k tu tkx`fr dk;ZØei;kZoj.k tu tkx`fr dk;ZØei;kZoj.k tu tkx`fr dk;ZØei;kZoj.k tu tkx`fr dk;ZØe
i;kZoj.k ds izfr tkx`fr ds fy, vusd dk;ZØe pyk, tk jgs gSa tks fuEufyf[kr
gSa &
¼1½ ikfjfLFkfrdh fodkl f'kfoj
¼2½ O;k[;ku Ja[kyk
¼3½ izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe
¼4½ fQYe izn'kZu
¼5½ izn'kZfu;k¡ bR;kfn
lk/kkj.k tu ekul dks i;kZoj.k dh fofHkUu leL;kvksa ls voxr djk muls gks
19virendra
ldus okys nq"ifj.kke dh tkudkjh nh tkrh gS] bu dk;ZØeksa ds lapkyu esa
'kklu ds lkFk Lo;a lsoh laLFkkvksa dh Hkh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gksus yxh gS A
mRrj 18& ou izca/ku gsrq ljdkjh iz;kl&ou izca/ku gsrq ljdkjh iz;kl&ou izca/ku gsrq ljdkjh iz;kl&ou izca/ku gsrq ljdkjh iz;kl&ou izca/ku gsrq ljdkjh iz;kl&
ouks ds laj{k.k lEcU/kh uhfrxr fn'kk&funsZ'kksa esa ouksa ij vkfJr O;fDr;ksa dh
bZa/ku] pkjk] xSj bekjrh] ou mRiknu vkSj bekjrh ydM+h dh vko';drk ek¡x
dks lokZf/kd egRo fn;k x;k gS A
la;qDr ou izcU/ku dk;ZØe ds izeq[k fl)kar fuEufyf[kr gS &
¼1½ g`kl gksrs gq, cM+s ou {ks= dks LFkk;h leqnk; dh Hkkxhnkjh ls iqu% gjk&Hkjk
cuk;k tk ldrk gS A
¼2½ LFkkuh; leqnk; dh ou laj{k.k vkSj ou dh mRikndrk c<+kus esa Hkkx ysuk ckgj
ds O;fDr;ksa dks ;kstuk ls vyx j[kk tk;s A
Hkkjr esa la;qDr ou izcU/ku iz.kkyh ds varxZr 15000 xzkeou lfefr;k¡ yxHkx
20 yk[k gsDVs;j {ks= esa u"V gks jgs ouksa dk izcU/k dj jgh gSa A
^^vFkok**
Hkwfe D;k gS &Hkwfe D;k gS &Hkwfe D;k gS &Hkwfe D;k gS &Hkwfe D;k gS & Hkwfe i`Foh dk og Hkkx gS] ftl ij ge fuokl djrs gSa] i'kq]
i{kh] vkSj lHkh tho tUrq jgrs gSa] ftl ij isM+ ikS/ks o ouLifr mxrs gS A i`Foh
ds vanj vusd izkÑfrd lalk/ku Hkjs gSa A ;g iwjh i`Foh dk 3@10 Hkkx gS] vkSj
bls LFkye.My dgrs gSa A
Hkwfe ds u"V ;k nwf"kr gksus ds dkj.k &Hkwfe ds u"V ;k nwf"kr gksus ds dkj.k &Hkwfe ds u"V ;k nwf"kr gksus ds dkj.k &Hkwfe ds u"V ;k nwf"kr gksus ds dkj.k &Hkwfe ds u"V ;k nwf"kr gksus ds dkj.k &
¼1½ Hkwfe {kj.k& rst o"kkZ] vka/kh ,oa rwQku ls feV~Vh dh Åijh lrg dqN gh fnuksa
esa cg tkrh gS] tcfd blds cuus esa cgqr vf/kd le; yxrk gS] vr% feV~Vh dh
j{kk djuk vko';d gS] Hkwfe {kj.k ty ,oa ok;q nksuks ls gksrk gS A
¼2½ Hkwfe iznw"k.k& Hkwfe ds HkkSfrd jklk;fud ;k tSfod xq.kksa esa ,slk dksbZ Hkh vokaf{kr
ifjorZu ftldk izHkko euq"; rFkk vU; thoksa ij iM+s vFkok Hkwfe dh izkÑfrd
xq.koRrk rFkk mi;ksfxrk u"V gks Hkwfe iznw"k.k dgykrk gS A
mRrj 19& ty iznw"k.k dk tho tUrqvksa ij iM+us okyk izHkko&ty iznw"k.k dk tho tUrqvksa ij iM+us okyk izHkko&ty iznw"k.k dk tho tUrqvksa ij iM+us okyk izHkko&ty iznw"k.k dk tho tUrqvksa ij iM+us okyk izHkko&ty iznw"k.k dk tho tUrqvksa ij iM+us okyk izHkko&
ty ds fuf'pr HkkSfrd] jklk;fud ,oa tSfod xq.k gksrs gSa] tc bu xq.kksa esa fdlh
vU; dkj.kksa ls ifjorZu vk tkrk gS rFkk blds PH eku es aifjorZu gks tkrk gSA
20virendra
bl n'kk esa ;g 'kq) ty iznwf"kr ty dgykrk gS A iznwf"kr ty dk izÑfr ds
vU; inkFkksZ ij udkjkRed izHkko iM+us yxrk gS A izÑfr esa fo|eku ekuo
ftlds fy, ty gh thou gS A bl iznwf"kr ty ds mi;ksx esa gStk] VkbQkbM]
Mk;fj;k] isfpl ,oa ihfy;k jksxksa ls izHkkfor gks tkrk gS A dHkh&dHkh rks nwf"kr
ty ds lsou ls vusd izdkj ds isV laca/kh fodkj Hkh mRiUu gks tkrs gSa A
okgfud iznw"k.k dks fu;af=r djus ds mik;okgfud iznw"k.k dks fu;af=r djus ds mik;okgfud iznw"k.k dks fu;af=r djus ds mik;okgfud iznw"k.k dks fu;af=r djus ds mik;okgfud iznw"k.k dks fu;af=r djus ds mik;
¼1½ Mhty jsy ds batuksa ds LFkku ij fo|qr pfyr jsy batuksa dk mi;ksx fd;k tkuk
pkfg, A
¼2½ cSVjh pfyr okguksa dk vf/kdkf/kd mi;ksx fd;k tkuk pkfg, A
¼3½ lhlk&jfgr isVªksy rFkk Mhty esa la;ksth inkFkksZ dks feykdj okguksa esa iz;ksx
djus ls ok;q iznw"k.k dks de fd;k tk ldrk gS A
¼4½ vR;f/kd ok;q iznw"k.kdkjh okguksa ij ikcanh rFkk vU; okguksa ls mRiUu /kq,¡ dk
ekudhdj.k ls vf/kd Lrj gksus ij dkuwuh dk;Zokgh dk izko/kku gksuk pkfg, A
¼5½ okgu fuekZ.k djus okyh daifu;ksa tks iznw"k.k inkFkZ de ek=k esa mRlftZr gks A
^^vFkok**
ok;q iznw"k.k dk ekuo LokLF; ij iM+us okyk izHkkook;q iznw"k.k dk ekuo LokLF; ij iM+us okyk izHkkook;q iznw"k.k dk ekuo LokLF; ij iM+us okyk izHkkook;q iznw"k.k dk ekuo LokLF; ij iM+us okyk izHkkook;q iznw"k.k dk ekuo LokLF; ij iM+us okyk izHkko
ok;q iznw"k.k ls euq"; ds LokLF; ij cgqr cqjk izHkko iM+rk gS A blls
'olu&laca/kh cgqr ls jksx tSls& QsQM+ks dk dSalj] vLFkek vkSj QsQM+ksa ls
lEcfU/kr nwljs jksx gks tkrs gSa A ok;q esa foifjr cgqr lh /kkrqvksa ds d.k vusd
ls jksx mRiUu djrs gSa A lhls ds d.k fo'ks"k :i ls ukM+h e.My ls jksx mRiUu
djrs gSa A ukbVªkstu vkDlkbZM ls QsQM+ksa g`n; vkSj vk¡[kksa ds jksx] [kk¡lh o lhus
esa nnZ mRiUu djrh gS A
okrkoj.k esa dkcZu eksuksvkDlkbZM dh mifLFkr gksus ls euq"; ds jDr esa
gheksXyksfcu ds v.kq vkDlhtu dh rqyuk esa 200 xquk vf/kd rsth ls Co2 ds
v.kqvksa ls tqMus yxrs gSa] ftlls 'olu esa ?kqVu eglwl gksus yxrh gS A vf/kd
le; rd bl ifjfLFkfr esa jgus ij ne ?kqVus ls e`R;w gks tkrh gS A
jklk;fud xSl la;U=ksa rFkk ukfHkdh; ifj;kstukvksa ls ok;qe.My esa
21virendra
fuLrkfjr gksus okys fofHkUu fo"kSys jklk;fud inkFkZ viuk nh?kZdkyhu izHkko
euq";ksa ds LokLF; ij NksM+rs gSa A mnkgj.k Lo:i 1984 dks Hkkjr esa gqbZ Hkksiky
xSl =klnh esa feFkkbZy vklkslkbusV ds fjlko ds dkj.k vusd yksx ekjs x;s Fks]
tcfd bl xSl ds izHkko ds dkj.k vusd xHkZorh efgykvksa ds xHkZLFk f'k'kq ejs
gq, iSnk gq, Fks A blh izdkj fgjksf'kek o ukxklkdh ij f}rh; fo'o ;q) esa
fxjk;s x;s v.kq ceksa fd fofdj.kksa ds izHkko ls vkt Hkh ogka cgqr ls f'k'kq viax
rFkk ekufld :i ls fof{kIr iSnk gksrs gSa A
&&00&&
22virendra
gkbZ Ldwy lVhZfQdsV ijh{kkgkbZ Ldwy lVhZfQdsV ijh{kkgkbZ Ldwy lVhZfQdsV ijh{kkgkbZ Ldwy lVhZfQdsV ijh{kkgkbZ Ldwy lVhZfQdsV ijh{kkHigh School Certificate Examination
lsEiy&iz'u i=lsEiy&iz'u i=lsEiy&iz'u i=lsEiy&iz'u i=lsEiy&iz'u i=SAMPLE PAPER
fo"k; %&fo"k; %&fo"k; %&fo"k; %&fo"k; %& (Subject) - i;kZoj.ki;kZoj.ki;kZoj.ki;kZoj.ki;kZoj.k le; 3 ?k.Vk le; 3 ?k.Vk le; 3 ?k.Vk le; 3 ?k.Vk le; 3 ?k.Vk (Time- 3 Hrs)d{kk %&d{kk %&d{kk %&d{kk %&d{kk %& (Class) - nlohanlohanlohanlohanloha iw.kkZad 75 iw.kkZad 75 iw.kkZad 75 iw.kkZad 75 iw.kkZad 75 (M.M.)
Set - B
(Instruction) & ¼funsZ’k½& ¼funsZ’k½& ¼funsZ’k½& ¼funsZ’k½& ¼funsZ’k½1- lHkh iz'u gy djuk vfuok;Z gS A
Attempt all the Question2- iz'u Øekad 01 esa 10 vad fu/kkZfjr gS A nks mi[k.M gS A [k.M ^^v** esa 05
cgqfodYih; iz'u rFkk [k.M ^^c** esa 05 fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ vFkok mfpr
laca/k tksfM, A izR;sd iz'u ds fy, 1 vad vkcafVr gS A
Q. No. 01 Carries 10 Marks. There are two sub-section, Section A isMultiple choice carries 05 marks and section B is fill in the blanks ormatch the column carries 05 marks.
3- iz'u Øekad 02 ls iz'u Øekad 06 rd vfr y?kqmRrjh; iz'u gS A izR;sd iz'u
ij 02 vad vkcafVr gS A mRrj dh vf/kdre 'kCn lhek 30 'kCn A
Q. No. 2 to 06 are very short answer type question & it carries 02 markseach. Word limit is maximum 30.
4- iz'u Øekad 07 ls iz'u Øekad 10 rd y?kqmRrjh; iz'u gS A izR;sd iz'u ij 03
vad vkcafVr gS A mRrj dh vf/kdre 'kCn lhek 50 'kCn A
Q. No. 07 to 10 are short answer type question & it carries 03 markseach. Word limit is maximum 50.
5- iz'u Øekad 11 ls iz'u Øekad 14 rd y?kqmRrjh; iz'u gS A izR;sd iz'u esa
vkarfjd fodYi gS vkSj izR;sd iz'u ij 04 vad vkcafVr gS A mRrj dh vf/kdre
'kCn lhek 75 'kCn A
Q. No. 11 to 14 are short answer type question & it carries 04 markseach. Each question has internal choice. Word limit is maximum 75.
23virendra
6- iz'u Øekad 15 ls iz'u Øekad 17 rd nh?kZmRrjh; iz'u gS A izR;sd iz'u esa
vkarfjd fodYi gS vkSj izR;sd iz'u ij 05 vad vkcafVr gS A mRrj dh vf/kdre
'kCn lhek 100 'kCn A
Q. No. 15 to 17 are long answer type question & it carries 05 markseach. Each question has internal choice. Word limit is maximum 100.
7- iz'u Øekad 18 vkSj 19 rd nh?kZmRrjh; iz'u gS A izR;sd iz'u esa vkarfjd
fodYi gS vkSj izR;sd iz'u ij 06 vad vkcafVr gS A mRrj dh vf/kdre 'kCn
lhek 150 'kCn A
Q. No. 18 to 19 are long answer type question & it carries 06 markseach. Each question has internal choice. Word limit is maximum 150.
24virendra
iz’u 1& [k.M ^v* @ [k.M ^v* @ [k.M ^v* @ [k.M ^v* @ [k.M ^v* @ Section (A)
lgh fodYi pqfu,%&lgh fodYi pqfu,%&lgh fodYi pqfu,%&lgh fodYi pqfu,%&lgh fodYi pqfu,%&
Choos the correct alternative :-
(i) uohu ty uhfr ns'k esa ykxw gS & ¼1½
v- lu~ 2001 ls c- lu~ 2002 ls
l- lu~ 2003 ls n- lu~ 2004 ls
New water policy was implemented -(a) From 2001 (b) From 2002
(c) From 2003 (d) From 2004
(ii) NRrhlx<+ esa vH;kj.; dh la[;k gS & ¼1½
v- 11 c- 13
l- 15 n- 17
The numbers of sencturies is Chhattisgarh is
(a) 11, (b) 13, (c) 15, (d) 17
(iii) ijek.kq ÅtkZ la;=ksa esa 'khryd ds :i es aiz;ksx gksrk gS & ¼1½
v- H2O c- N2O
l- D2O n- bues ls dksbZ ugha
Used as coolant in atomic power
(a) H2O (b) N2O
(c) D2O (d) None of these
(iv) fo"kk.kqvksa ls jksx mRiUu gksrk gS & ¼1½
v- gStk c- VkbQkbM
l- Mk;fj;k n- ify;k
Disease caused due to virus-
(a) Cholera (b) Typhoid
(c) Diahorria (d) Jaundise
(v) ikfFkZo izdksi gS & ¼1½
v- HkwdEi c- ck<+
l- lw[kk n- pØokr
25virendra
Earthen disaster is -
(a) Earthquake (b) Drought
(c) Flood (d) Cyclone
[k.M ^c* @ Section (B)
fjDr LFkku dh iwfrZ dhft,&fjDr LFkku dh iwfrZ dhft,&fjDr LFkku dh iwfrZ dhft,&fjDr LFkku dh iwfrZ dhft,&fjDr LFkku dh iwfrZ dhft,&
Fill in the blanks-
(i) dy dkj[kkuksa dk xank ty ------------------- dks c<+kok nsrk gS A ¼1½
Dirty water of the factories gives rise to ................
(ii) tula[;k foLQksV --------------------- dks viukdj jksduk gksxk A ¼1½
Population explosion has to be stopped adopting ..................
(iii) gfjr x`g izHkko esa CO2 dk ;ksxnku --------------------- gS A ¼1½
The contribution of CO2 in green house effect is ..............
(iv) vkijs'ku e`x dk mn~ns'; ---------------- ds f'kdkj dh jksdFkke djuk gS A ¼1½
The purpose of operation Deer is to prevent ............. from hunting.
(v) ty iznw"k.k vf/kfu;e esa -------------------- /kkjk,¡ gS A ¼1½
Water pollution orevention and control act consist of ............. articles.
iz'u 2& rkykcksa dks iDdk D;ksa cuk;k tkuk pkfg, \ ¼2½
Why should we contract permanent ponds ?
iz'u 3& cSxk vkfnokfl;ksa ds fy, dkSu lk o`{k iwT;uh; gS \ ¼2½
Which tree is worshipped by the Baiga tribes ?
iz'u 4& i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, A ¼2½
Define environmental pollution.
iz'u 5& ykSg v;Ld ls fudyk eyck Hkwfe ij D;k izHkko Mkyrk gS \ ¼2½
How dose the waste produced by the extraction of iron ore effect the Soil ?
iz'u 6& feBkb;ksa esa jaxks ds iz;ksx ls fdl jksx dh laHkkouk gksrh gS \ ¼2½
Which disease is caused by using colour in sweets ?
iz'u 7& vkS|ksfxd iznw"k.k dks fu;af=r djus ds dksbZ rhu mik; fyf[k, A ¼1$1$1½
Write any three measures controlling of industrial pollution.
26virendra
iz'u 8& ijEijkxr ÅtkZ L=ksrksa dk laj{k.k D;ksa vko';d gS \ ¼3½
Why is the conservation of traditional energy sources neccessary ?
iz'u 9& ou {ks= esa [kuu ifj;kstuk izkjEHk djus ou laj{k.k vf/kfu;e 1980 dk D;k
egRo gS \ ¼1$1$1½
What is the importance of forest conservation act 1980 is starting a mining
work in forest area ?
iz'u 10& 'kDdj esa feykoV ds fy, rhu inkFkksZ ds uke fyf[k, A ¼1$1$1½
Write the names of three substances mixed with Sugar.
iz'u 11& gfjr x`g izHkko dk ukekafdr vkjs[k cukb, A ¼2$2½
Draw a labelled ray diagram of green house effect.
^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok OR**********
vEyh; o"kkZ dk ukekafdr vkjs[k cukb, A ¼2$2½
Draw a labelled ray diagram of acid rain fall.
iz'u 12& lL;korZu D;k gS \ blls e`nk dks D;k ykHk gS \ ¼2$2½
What is crop ratation ? How is it beneficial for soil ?
^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok OR**********
d.Vwj Ñf"k ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ blls e`nk dks D;k ykHk gS \ ¼2$2½
What do you understand by contour cultivation ? How is it beneficial for soil?
iz'u 13& NRrhlx<+ dks gcZy LVsV jkT; D;ksa ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k \ ¼4½
Why is Chhattisgarh declared as harbal State ?
^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok OR**********
NRrhlx<+ jkT; }kjk ?kksf"kr ou uhfr D;k gS \ ¼4½
What is the forest policy declared by Chhattisgarh state ?
iz'u 14& ,d LFkku ij ck¡/k cuus ds dkj.k Mwc ls izHkkfor {ks= ds yksxksa ds vU;=
foLFkkiu ,oa i;kZoj.k ij iM+us okys pkj dkj.kksa dks fyf[k, A ¼4½
Write any four effects, of the displacement of the people of submerged area
during the dam construction on environment and life.
^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok OR**********
27virendra
ekuoÑr xfrfof/k;ksa ds dkj.k yksxksa dk iquZLFkkiu o iquokZlu ds pkj dkj.kksa
dks fyf[k, A ¼4½
Write any four causes of rehabilitation and re estabilishment due to human
induced activities.
iz'u 15& vPNs i;kZoj.k gsrq dkSu&dkSu ls fØ;kdyki djus pkfg, \ laf{kIr esa o.kZu
dhft, A ¼5½
What are the healthy activities that one should do for healthy environment ?
Describe in brief.
^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok OR**********
i;kZoj.k tutkx`fr dk;ZØe dkSu&dkSu ls gSa \ izR;sd dk o.kZu dhft, A ¼2$3½
What are the programmes of public awareness for environment ? Describe each
in brief.
iz'u 16& fuEu ij laf{kIr VhIi.kh fyf[k, & (2½+2½)
¼1½ dPN ouLifr;k¡ ¼2½ izoky fHkfRr;k¡
Write short notes on :-
(1) Mangrove Vegetation (2) Coral Reefs.
^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok OR**********
fuEu ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k, & (2½+2½)
¼1½ vknzZ Hkwfe ¼2½ okVj'kSM izcU/k dk egRo
Write short notes on :-
(1) Dry land (2) Water shed management.
iz'u 17& leqnzh iznw"k.k D;k gS \ leqnzks ds O;kid :i ls iznwf"kr djus okys dkjdksa dk
o.kZu dhft, A ¼1$4½
What is marine pollution ? Describe the various factors that pollute the sea
widely.
^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok OR**********
e`nk iznw"k.k D;k gS \ e`nk iznw"k.k ds ekuoh; dkj.kksa dk o.kZu dhft, A ¼1$4½
What is soil pollution ? Discribe the anthropogenic causes of soil pollution.
28virendra
iz'u 18& ou izcU/k gsrq D;k&D;k ljdkjh iz;kl fd;s tk jgs gSa \ izR;sd dk laf{kIr o.kZu
dhft, A ¼6½
What are the efforts made by the government for forest management ? Describe
each effort in brief.
^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok OR**********
Hkwfe D;k gS \ Hkwfe ds u"V vFkok nwf"kr gksus ds dkj.kksa dks fyf[k, A blds cpko
ds D;k&D;k mik; gSa \ (1+2½+2½)
What is land ? write the reasons of land deterioration and pollution. What are
the means of its protection ?
iz'u 19& ty iznw"k.k dk tho&tUrqvksa ij D;k izHkko iM+rk gS \ ty iznw"k.k fu;a=.k ds
mik; fyf[k, A ¼2$4½
What are the effect of water pollution on living organisms ? Write the mea-
sures of controlling water pollution.
^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok OR**********
ok;q iznw"k.k dk ekuo LokLF; ij D;k izHkko iM+rk gS \ okgfud ok;q iznw"k.k dks
fu;af=r djus ds mik; fyf[k, A ¼3$3½
What are effects of air pollution on human health ? Write the measures of con-
trolling vehicle pollution.
&&00&&
29virendra
^^lsEiy mRrj**^^lsEiy mRrj**^^lsEiy mRrj**^^lsEiy mRrj**^^lsEiy mRrj**
[k.M & ^v*
mRrj &
(i) c & 2002
(ii) v & 11
(iii) l & D2O
(iv) n & ihfy;k
(v) v & Hkwdai
^[k.M c*
mRrj &
(i) & ty iznw"k.k
(ii) & ifjokj fu;kstu
(iii) & 80 izfr'kr
(iv) & dLrqjh e`x
(v) & 64
mRrj 2& rkykcksa dks iDdk blfy, cukuk pkfg, ftlls vf/kd ty dk lap; gks lds A
mRrj 3& cSxk vkfnokfl;ksa ds fy, lky o`{k iwT;uh; gS A
mRrj 4& i;kZoj.k esa vokaNuh; inkFkksZ dk lekos'k i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k dgykrk gS A
mRrj 5& ykSg v;Ld ls fudyk eyok Hkwfe dh moZjk 'kfDr dks de dj nsrk gS A
mRrj 6& feBkbZ;ksa esa jaxksa ds iz;ksx ls dSalj jksx dh laHkkouk gksrh gS A
mRrj 7& vkS|ksfxd iznw"k.k dks fu;af=r djus ds rhu mik; fuEufyf[kr gS &
1- m|ksx esa mPp dksfV ds ,oa de iznw"k.kdkjh dPps eky dk mi;ksx gksuk pkfg,A
2- m|ksxksa esa ngu izØe dk mi;ksx djus okyh bZdkbZ;ksa esa i;kZIr Å¡ph fupefu;ksa
dh leqfpr O;oLFkk djuh pkfg, A
3- QSfczd fQYVj ;k gkbZ ,uthZ LØscj midj.kksa dk iz;ksx dj /kq,¡ ls gksus okys
nq"izHkkoksa ls cpk tk ldrk gS A
¼;k vU; fu;a=.k mik; fy[kus ij vad fn;k tk; A½
30virendra
mRrj 8& ijEijkxr ÅtkZ L=ksrksa dk laj{k.k fuEufyf[kr dkj.kksa ls vko';d gS &
1- i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k dh leL;k ls cpko gsrq A
2- fodkl dk;ZØeksa ,oa [kkstksa dks tkjh j[kus gsrq A
3- ekuo fouk'k dks jksdus gsrq A
¼;k vU; laj{k.k mik; ij vad fn;k tk; A½
mRrj 9& ou laj{k.k vf/kfu;e 1980 jk"Vª ds fodkl ds fy, ;fn dksbZ xSj okfudh dk;Z
djokrk gS ¼tSls lM+d fuekZ.k] cka/k fuekZ.k½ rks dqN 'krksZ ds varxZr ou {ks= ds
LFkkukUrj.k ds fy, ljdkj ds }kjk vuqefr ysus dk izko/kku djrk gS A
mRrj 10& 'kDdj esa feykus okys inkFkZ ds :i esa dkys pus dh Hkwlh] mi;ksx dh tk; iRrh
,oa diM+s /kksus ds lksM+s dk mi;ksx gksrk gS A ;k vU; feykoVh inkFkZ ds uke
fyf[kus ij vad fn;s tk;sa A
mRrj 11& gfjr x`g izHkko dk vkjs[k
^^vFkok**
31virendra
vEyh; o"kkZ & ukekafdr vkjs[k
mRrj 12& lL;korZu e`nk laj{k.k dk ,d mik; gS] ;fn e`nk esa izR;sd o"kZ ,d gh izdkj
dh Qly mxkbZ tk, rks e`nk dh moZjk 'kfDr lekIr gksus yxrh gS] vr% e`nk
dh moZjk 'kfDr dks cuk, j[kus ds fy, izR;sd o"kZ Qlyksa esa ifjorZu fd;k tk,
rks bls lL;korZu ;k Qly pØ dgrs gSa A
mnkgj.k& ;fn e`nk esa ,d ckj xsgw¡] dikl] eDdk] vkyq vkfn dh Qly cksus
ds ckn nwljh Qly ngyu dqy ds ikS/kksa dh gksuh pkfg,] bu ikS/kksa dh tM+ksa esa
xkaBs ikbZ tkrh gS] ftuesa mifLFkr thok.kq okrkoj.k dh ukbVªkstu dks Hkwfe esa
fLFkj dj nsrk gS] ftlls moZjk 'kfDr c<+ tkrh gS A
^^vFkok**
d.Vwj Ñf"k& bl izdkj dh Ñf"k igkM+ksa dh <ykuksa ij vf/kd mi;ksxh gS] [ksrksa
esa ;k <yku okys {ks=ksa esa [kkaps rFkk dVd cuk, tkrs gS] ftlls ikuh blesa :d
tkrk gS A
ykHk& ¼1½ ;g e`nk laj{k.k dh ,d tSfod fof/k gS A
¼2½ blesa e`nk dk vijnu ugha gksrk gS A
mRrj 13& NRrhlx<+ izkÑfrd n`f"V ls [kfut liank ls oSHko'kkyh jgk gS A ;g izkphure
bfrgkl o laLÑfr dk lk{kh jgk gS] orZeku esa N-x- jkT; }kjk ouksa dks lajf{kr
djus rFkkmlds fpfdRlh; egRo dks tuekul rd igq¡pkus ds fy, egRoiw.kZ
dk;Z fd, tk jgs gSa A ftlls bls vc yksx gcZy LVsV ds uke ls tkuus yxs
gS A
32virendra
^^vFkok**
NRrhlx<+ jkT; }kjk ouks ds laj{k.k ,oa fodkl gsrq ?kksf"kr ou uhfr fuEukuqlkj
gS &
¼1½ ou {ks=ksa esa Ñf"k okfudh dk;ksZ dks c<+kok fn;k tk,xk A
¼2½ jkT; ds ou xzkeksa dks jktLo xzkeksa esa cnyk tk,xk A
¼3½ jkT; dks gcZy LVsV cukus dh vo/kkj.kk dks ewrZ :i nsus ds fy, y?kq ouksit
vkSj vkS"k/kh; ikS/kksa dks lajf{kr ,oa laof/kZr fd;k tk,xk A
mRrj 14& ,d LFkku ij cka/k cuus ds dkj.k Mwc ls izHkkfor {ks= ds yksxksa ds vU;=
foLFkkiu dk i;kZoj.k ,oa yksxksa ij fofHkUu izdkjksa ls izHkko iM+rk gS A tSls&
¼1½ cfLr;ksa dks uohu {ks=ksa esa clkus ls mudh lkaLÑfrd fojklr u"V gks tkrh gS A
¼2½ ifj;kstuk LFky dh e`nk] ouLifr rFkk vU; thoksa dh {kfr gksrh gS A
¼3½ foLFkkfir ifjokjksa dks tgk¡ clk;k tkrk gS] ogk¡ ds i;kZoj.k ij foijhr izHkko
iM+rk gS A
¼4½ u, LFkku ij clus ds dkj.k jkstxkj dh leL;k gksrh gS A
^^vFkok**
ekuoÑr xfrfof/k;ksa ds dkj.k yksxksa dk iquLFkkZiu o iquokZlu fuEu dkj.kksa ls
gks ldrk gS &
¼1½ ;q) dky ds le; lhekorhZ xkaoksa ls yksxksa dks vU;= crk;k tkrk gS A
¼2½ vkS|ksfxdhdj.k ds le; yksxksa dks nwljs LFkkuksa ij clk;k tkrk gS A
¼3½ jsyekxZ] jktekxZ cukrs le; vf/kx`fgr Hkwfe es cls yksxksa dks vU;= clk;k
tkrk gS A
¼4½ cka/kksa ds fuekZ.k {ks= esa ,oa mlds Mwc ls laHkkfor izHkkfor {ks= ds yksxksa dks vU;=
clk;k tkrk gS A
mRrj 15& vPNs i;kZoj.k gsrq fØ;kdyki&vPNs i;kZoj.k gsrq fØ;kdyki&vPNs i;kZoj.k gsrq fØ;kdyki&vPNs i;kZoj.k gsrq fØ;kdyki&vPNs i;kZoj.k gsrq fØ;kdyki& i;kZoj.k dks le>us] mlds larqyu mls tu
mi;ksxh cukus gsrq n`f"Vdks.k ges cnyuk gksxk A
izeq[k fØ;kdyki&izeq[k fØ;kdyki&izeq[k fØ;kdyki&izeq[k fØ;kdyki&izeq[k fØ;kdyki&
¼1½ izÑfr esa ekuoÑr i;kZoj.k dh fLFkfr tks ekuo ds nks"kiw.kZ ÑR;ksa ds ckn jg xbZ
gS mls laj{k.k iznku fd;k tk, A
33virendra
¼2½ iznw"k.k jksdus dkuwuksa dk l[rh ls ikyu djkuk pkfg, A
¼3½ i;kZoj.k f'k{kk dh vko';drk dks yksxksa dks le>k;k tk, A
¼4½ i;kZoj.k vkpkj lafgrk dk fodkl A
¼5½ i;kZoj.k ds {ks= esa izf'kf{kr O;fDr;ksa dh vko';drk ij /;ku A
^^vFkok**
i;kZoj.k tu tkx`fr dk;ZØei;kZoj.k tu tkx`fr dk;ZØei;kZoj.k tu tkx`fr dk;ZØei;kZoj.k tu tkx`fr dk;ZØei;kZoj.k tu tkx`fr dk;ZØe
i;kZoj.k ds izfr tkx`fr ds fy, vusd dk;ZØe pyk, tk jgs gSa tks fuEufyf[kr
gSa &
¼1½ ikfjfLFkfrdh fodkl f'kfoj
¼2½ O;k[;ku Ja[kyk
¼3½ izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe
¼4½ fQYe izn'kZu
¼5½ izn'kZfu;k¡ bR;kfn
lk/kkj.k tu ekul dks i;kZoj.k dh fofHkUu leL;kvksa ls voxr djk muls gks
ldus okys nq"ifj.kke dh tkudkjh nh tkrh gS] bu dk;ZØeksa ds lapkyu esa
'kklu ds lkFk Lo;a lsoh laLFkkvksa dh Hkh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gksus yxh gS A
mRrj 16& laf{kIr fVIi.kh&laf{kIr fVIi.kh&laf{kIr fVIi.kh&laf{kIr fVIi.kh&laf{kIr fVIi.kh&
¼1½ dPN ouLifr;k¡&¼1½ dPN ouLifr;k¡&¼1½ dPN ouLifr;k¡&¼1½ dPN ouLifr;k¡&¼1½ dPN ouLifr;k¡&
dPN ouLifr;k¡ fo'o ds Å".k rFkk miks".k dfVca/kh; {ks=ksa dh {kkj lg okfudh
ikfjfLFkrdh O;oLFkk gS ;s cM+h rknkn esa ikS/kksa vkSj tho tUrqvksa dh ,slh
iztkfr;ksa ds laxzg.k {ks= gS] tks ,d yacs fodklØe esa vkil esa laca/k jgs gS] vkSj
ftuesa {kkj lgu djus dh mYys[kuh; {kerk gS] ;s leqnzh rVjs[kk dks fLFkj
djrh gS ,oa leqnz }kjk gks jgs dVko ls rVca/k dh j{kk djrh gS A dPN
ouLifr;k¡ lewps Hkkjrh; leqnz rV ij ifjjf{kr eqgkuksa Tokjh;] rkfM+;ksa] i';
ty] {kkjh; nynyksa vkSj nynyh eSnkuksa esa ikbZ tkrh gS] ;s /kkj.kh; eRL; {ks=
dk lao/kZu Hkh djrh gS ou vkSj i;kZoj.k ea=ky; 1987 ls dPN ouLifr laj{k.k
dk;Z py jgk gS A
¼2½ izoky fHkfÙk;k¡&¼2½ izoky fHkfÙk;k¡&¼2½ izoky fHkfÙk;k¡&¼2½ izoky fHkfÙk;k¡&¼2½ izoky fHkfÙk;k¡&
izoky fHkfÙk;ksa dks vaxzsth esa dksjy dgk tkrk gS] ftls ,d fo'ks"k izdkj ds
34virendra
tyh; izk.kh ds fy, iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gS A leqnz ds vanj ,d NksVk lk izk.kh
pwus ds [kksy ls fpidk jgrk gS] og ogha ij c<+rk] budh la[;k esa yxkrkj o`f)
ls leqnz ds Hkhrj pqus dk ,d pV~Vku bl izk.kh dh enn ls mHkj dj vkrk gS]
pwus ls fufeZr bl izk.kh vo'ks"k dks izoky fHkfÙk dgrs gS] Hkkjr esa izoky fHkfÙk;ksa
ds izeq[k LFky gSa &
¼1½ vaMeku ,oa fudksckj }hi lewg
¼2½ y{k}hi
¼3½ eUukj dh [kkM+h
¼4½ dPN dh [kkM+h
^^vFkok**
¼1½ vknzZ Hkwfe%&¼1½ vknzZ Hkwfe%&¼1½ vknzZ Hkwfe%&¼1½ vknzZ Hkwfe%&¼1½ vknzZ Hkwfe%&
ns'k es avknzZ Hkwfe BaMs vkSj 'kq"d bykds ls ysdj e/; Hkkjr esa dfVca/kh; ekulwuh
bykds vkSj nf{k.k ds ueh okys bykds esa QSyh gS A ;g ck<+ fu;a=.k esa izHkkoh
gS] vkSj ryNV de djrh gS A ;g {ks= 'khrdky ds fy, if{k;ksa vkSj tho
tUrqvksa ds fy, 'kj.kkxkg gS] fofHkUu izdkj dh eNfy;ksa vkSj tUrqvksa ds iztuu
ds fy, Hkh ;g mRre {ks= gS] leqnzh rqQku vkSj v/kaM ds izHkko dks lgu djus
dh mPp {kerk buesa gksrh gS] ;g leqnzh rV js[kk dks fLFkj djrh gS A
¼2½ okVj 'kSM iz.kkyh dk egRo&¼2½ okVj 'kSM iz.kkyh dk egRo&¼2½ okVj 'kSM iz.kkyh dk egRo&¼2½ okVj 'kSM iz.kkyh dk egRo&¼2½ okVj 'kSM iz.kkyh dk egRo&
okVj 'kSM izca/k eq[; :i ls oukjksi.k ,oa okVj 'ksM ij vk/kkfjr Ñf"k Hkwfe ds
fodkl ds fy, vPNs cht moZjd csgrj Ñf"k Hkwfe] midj.k ,oa csgrj Ñf"k
foKku fof/k;ksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS A O;kid okVj 'ksM fodkl dk;ZØe Ñf"k
fodkl ,oa mRiknu c<+kus ds fy, vf/kd izHkkoh i)fr gS A
mRrj 17& leqnzh iznw"k.k& leqnzh iznw"k.k ds dkj.k leqnzh tho&tUrq u"V gks jgs gSa A leqnzh
lEink dh gkfu gks jgh gS A
leqnzh iznw"k.k ds izHkkoleqnzh iznw"k.k ds izHkkoleqnzh iznw"k.k ds izHkkoleqnzh iznw"k.k ds izHkkoleqnzh iznw"k.k ds izHkko
(i) ufn;ksa ds lkFk vkus okys iznw"kd ls leqnzh thoksa dk u"V gksuk A
(ii) nwf"kr eNyh dks [kkus ls ekuo chekj gks jgk gS A
(iii) leqnz esa nq?kZVuko'k isVªksfy;e inkFkksZ ds fjlko ls ekuo] eNfy;ksa ij izHkkoA
35virendra
(iv) leqnzh xgjkbZ esa mifLFkr jlk;uksa dk mi;ksx vkS"k/kh fuekZ.k esa gks jgk gS]
iznw"k.k ls bu inkFkksZ dh xq.koRrk izHkkfor gksrh gS A
(v) leqnzh iznw"k.k ls ew¡xs dh mit de gks jgh gS & xgjh vkfFkZd {kfr A
(vi) ijek.kq ijh{k.k ls leqnzh tho jsfM;ks/kfeZrk ls izHkkfor gks x, gS] tks dSalj
mRifRr dk dkj.k cu x, gSa A
^^vFkok**
e`nk iznw"k.k &e`nk iznw"k.k &e`nk iznw"k.k &e`nk iznw"k.k &e`nk iznw"k.k & e`nk foHkUu izdkj ds [kfut rRoksa] dkcZfud inkFkZ] xSlksa ,oa ty vkfn
rRoksa dk ,d fuf'pr vuqikr esa feJ.k gksrk gS A fdlh dkj.ko'k ljapuk ,oa
xq.koRrk lekIr gks tkrh gS] bls e`nk iznw"k.k dgrs gSa A
e`nk iznw"k.k ds dkj.k &e`nk iznw"k.k ds dkj.k &e`nk iznw"k.k ds dkj.k &e`nk iznw"k.k ds dkj.k &e`nk iznw"k.k ds dkj.k &
¼1½ ou fouk'k
¼2½ e`nk esa jlk;uksa dk mi;ksx
¼3½ vkS|ksfxd vif'k"V
¼4½ uxjh; vif'k"V
mRrj 18& ou izca/ku gsrq ljdkjh iz;kl&ou izca/ku gsrq ljdkjh iz;kl&ou izca/ku gsrq ljdkjh iz;kl&ou izca/ku gsrq ljdkjh iz;kl&ou izca/ku gsrq ljdkjh iz;kl&
ouks ds laj{k.k lEcU/kh uhfrxr fn'kk&funsZ'kksa esa ouksa ij vkfJr O;fDr;ksa dh
bZa/ku] pkjk] xSj bekjrh] ou mRiknu vkSj bekjrh ydM+h dh vko';drk ek¡x
dks lokZf/kd egRo fn;k x;k gS A
la;qDr ou izcU/ku dk;ZØe ds izeq[k fl)kar fuEufyf[kr gS &
¼1½ g`kl gksrs gq, cM+s ou {ks= dks LFkk;h leqnk; dh Hkkxhnkjh ls iqu% gjk&Hkjk
cuk;k tk ldrk gS A
¼2½ LFkkuh; leqnk; dh ou laj{k.k vkSj ou dh mRikndrk c<+kus esa Hkkx ysuk ckgj
ds O;fDr;ksa dks ;kstuk ls vyx j[kk tk;s A
Hkkjr esa la;qDr ou izcU/ku iz.kkyh ds varxZr 15000 xzkeou lfefr;k¡ yxHkx
20 yk[k gsDVs;j {ks= esa u"V gks jgs ouksa dk izcU/k dj jgh gSa A
^^vFkok**
Hkwfe D;k gS &Hkwfe D;k gS &Hkwfe D;k gS &Hkwfe D;k gS &Hkwfe D;k gS & Hkwfe i`Foh dk og Hkkx gS] ftl ij ge fuokl djrs gSa] i'kq]
i{kh] vkSj lHkh tho tUrq jgrs gSa] ftl ij isM+ ikS/ks o ouLifr mxrs gS A i`Foh
36virendra
ds vanj vusd izkÑfrd lalk/ku Hkjs gSa A ;g iwjh i`Foh dk 3@10 Hkkx gS] vkSj
bls LFkye.My dgrs gSa A
Hkwfe ds u"V ;k nwf"kr gksus ds dkj.k &Hkwfe ds u"V ;k nwf"kr gksus ds dkj.k &Hkwfe ds u"V ;k nwf"kr gksus ds dkj.k &Hkwfe ds u"V ;k nwf"kr gksus ds dkj.k &Hkwfe ds u"V ;k nwf"kr gksus ds dkj.k &
¼1½ Hkwfe {kj.k& rst o"kkZ] vka/kh ,oa rwQku ls feV~Vh dh Åijh lrg dqN gh fnuksa
esa cg tkrh gS] tcfd blds cuus esa cgqr vf/kd le; yxrk gS] vr% feV~Vh dh
j{kk djuk vko';d gS] Hkwfe {kj.k ty ,oa ok;q nksuks ls gksrk gS A
¼2½ Hkwfe iznw"k.k& Hkwfe ds HkkSfrd jklk;fud ;k tSfod xq.kksa esa ,slk dksbZ Hkh vokaf{kr
ifjorZu ftldk izHkko euq"; rFkk vU; thoksa ij iM+s vFkok Hkwfe dh izkÑfrd
xq.koRrk rFkk mi;ksfxrk u"V gks Hkwfe iznw"k.k dgykrk gS A
mRrj 19& ty iznw"k.k dk tho tUrqvksa ij iM+us okyk izHkko&ty iznw"k.k dk tho tUrqvksa ij iM+us okyk izHkko&ty iznw"k.k dk tho tUrqvksa ij iM+us okyk izHkko&ty iznw"k.k dk tho tUrqvksa ij iM+us okyk izHkko&ty iznw"k.k dk tho tUrqvksa ij iM+us okyk izHkko&
ty ds fuf'pr HkkSfrd] jklk;fud ,oa tSfod xq.k gksrs gSa] tc bu xq.kksa esa fdlh
vU; dkj.kksa ls ifjorZu vk tkrk gS rFkk blds PH eku es aifjorZu gks tkrk gSA
bl n'kk esa ;g 'kq) ty iznwf"kr ty dgykrk gS A iznwf"kr ty dk izÑfr ds
vU; inkFkksZ ij udkjkRed izHkko iM+us yxrk gS A izÑfr esa fo|eku ekuo
ftlds fy, ty gh thou gS A bl iznwf"kr ty ds mi;ksx esa gStk] VkbQkbM]
Mk;fj;k] isfpl ,oa ihfy;k jksxksa ls izHkkfor gks tkrk gS A dHkh&dHkh rks nwf"kr
ty ds lsou ls vusd izdkj ds isV laca/kh fodkj Hkh mRiUu gks tkrs gSa A
okgfud iznw"k.k dks fu;af=r djus ds mik;okgfud iznw"k.k dks fu;af=r djus ds mik;okgfud iznw"k.k dks fu;af=r djus ds mik;okgfud iznw"k.k dks fu;af=r djus ds mik;okgfud iznw"k.k dks fu;af=r djus ds mik;
¼1½ Mhty jsy ds batuksa ds LFkku ij fo|qr pfyr jsy batuksa dk mi;ksx fd;k tkuk
pkfg, A
¼2½ cSVjh pfyr okguksa dk vf/kdkf/kd mi;ksx fd;k tkuk pkfg, A
¼3½ lhlk&jfgr isVªksy rFkk Mhty esa la;ksth inkFkksZ dks feykdj okguksa esa iz;ksx
djus ls ok;q iznw"k.k dks de fd;k tk ldrk gS A
¼4½ vR;f/kd ok;q iznw"k.kdkjh okguksa ij ikcanh rFkk vU; okguksa ls mRiUu /kq,¡ dk
ekudhdj.k ls vf/kd Lrj gksus ij dkuwuh dk;Zokgh dk izko/kku gksuk pkfg, A
¼5½ okgu fuekZ.k djus okyh daifu;ksa tks iznw"k.k inkFkZ de ek=k esa mRlftZr gks A
^^vFkok**
ok;q iznw"k.k dk ekuo LokLF; ij iM+us okyk izHkkook;q iznw"k.k dk ekuo LokLF; ij iM+us okyk izHkkook;q iznw"k.k dk ekuo LokLF; ij iM+us okyk izHkkook;q iznw"k.k dk ekuo LokLF; ij iM+us okyk izHkkook;q iznw"k.k dk ekuo LokLF; ij iM+us okyk izHkko
37virendra
ok;q iznw"k.k ls euq"; ds LokLF; ij cgqr cqjk izHkko iM+rk gS A blls
'olu&laca/kh cgqr ls jksx tSls& QsQM+ks dk dSalj] vLFkek vkSj QsQM+ksa ls
lEcfU/kr nwljs jksx gks tkrs gSa A ok;q esa foifjr cgqr lh /kkrqvksa ds d.k vusd
ls jksx mRiUu djrs gSa A lhls ds d.k fo'ks"k :i ls ukM+h e.My ls jksx mRiUu
djrs gSa A ukbVªkstu vkDlkbZM ls QsQM+ksa g`n; vkSj vk¡[kksa ds jksx] [kk¡lh o lhus
esa nnZ mRiUu djrh gS A
okrkoj.k esa dkcZu eksuksvkDlkbZM dh mifLFkr gksus ls euq"; ds jDr esa
gheksXyksfcu ds v.kq vkDlhtu dh rqyuk esa 200 xquk vf/kd rsth ls Co2 ds
v.kqvksa ls tqMus yxrs gSa] ftlls 'olu esa ?kqVu eglwl gksus yxrh gS A vf/kd
le; rd bl ifjfLFkfr esa jgus ij ne ?kqVus ls e`R;w gks tkrh gS A
jklk;fud xSl la;U=ksa rFkk ukfHkdh; ifj;kstukvksa ls ok;qe.My esa
fuLrkfjr gksus okys fofHkUu fo"kSys jklk;fud inkFkZ viuk nh?kZdkyhu izHkko
euq";ksa ds LokLF; ij NksM+rs gSa A mnkgj.k Lo:i 1984 dks Hkkjr esa gqbZ Hkksiky
xSl =klnh esa feFkkbZy vklkslkbusV ds fjlko ds dkj.k vusd yksx ekjs x;s Fks]
tcfd bl xSl ds izHkko ds dkj.k vusd xHkZorh efgykvksa ds xHkZLFk f'k'kq ejs
gq, iSnk gq, Fks A blh izdkj fgjksf'kek o ukxklkdh ij f}rh; fo'o ;q) esa
fxjk;s x;s v.kq ceksa fd fofdj.kksa ds izHkko ls vkt Hkh ogka cgqr ls f'k'kq viax
rFkk ekufld :i ls fof{kIr iSnk gksrs gSa A
&&00&&
38virendra
gkbZ Ldwy lVhZfQdsV ijh{kkgkbZ Ldwy lVhZfQdsV ijh{kkgkbZ Ldwy lVhZfQdsV ijh{kkgkbZ Ldwy lVhZfQdsV ijh{kkgkbZ Ldwy lVhZfQdsV ijh{kkHigh School Certificate Examination
lsEiy&iz'u i=lsEiy&iz'u i=lsEiy&iz'u i=lsEiy&iz'u i=lsEiy&iz'u i=SAMPLE PAPER
fo"k; %&fo"k; %&fo"k; %&fo"k; %&fo"k; %& (Subject) - i;kZoj.ki;kZoj.ki;kZoj.ki;kZoj.ki;kZoj.k le; 3 ?k.Vk le; 3 ?k.Vk le; 3 ?k.Vk le; 3 ?k.Vk le; 3 ?k.Vk (Time- 3 Hrs)d{kk %&d{kk %&d{kk %&d{kk %&d{kk %& (Class) - nlohanlohanlohanlohanloha iw.kkZad 75 iw.kkZad 75 iw.kkZad 75 iw.kkZad 75 iw.kkZad 75 (M.M.)
Set - C
(Instruction) & ¼funsZ’k½& ¼funsZ’k½& ¼funsZ’k½& ¼funsZ’k½& ¼funsZ’k½1- lHkh iz'u gy djuk vfuok;Z gS A
Attempt all the Question2- iz'u Øekad 01 esa 10 vad fu/kkZfjr gS A nks mi[k.M gS A [k.M ^^v** esa 05
cgqfodYih; iz'u rFkk [k.M ^^c** esa 05 fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ vFkok mfpr
laca/k tksfM, A izR;sd iz'u ds fy, 1 vad vkcafVr gS A
Q. No. 01 Carries 10 Marks. There are two sub-section, Section A isMultiple choice carries 05 marks and section B is fill in the blanks ormatch the column carries 05 marks.
3- iz'u Øekad 02 ls iz'u Øekad 06 rd vfr y?kqmRrjh; iz'u gS A izR;sd iz'u
ij 02 vad vkcafVr gS A mRrj dh vf/kdre 'kCn lhek 30 'kCn A
Q. No. 2 to 06 are very short answer type question & it carries 02 markseach. Word limit is maximum 30.
4- iz'u Øekad 07 ls iz'u Øekad 10 rd y?kqmRrjh; iz'u gS A izR;sd iz'u ij 03
vad vkcafVr gS A mRrj dh vf/kdre 'kCn lhek 50 'kCn A
Q. No. 07 to 10 are short answer type question & it carries 03 markseach. Word limit is maximum 50.
5- iz'u Øekad 11 ls iz'u Øekad 14 rd y?kqmRrjh; iz'u gS A izR;sd iz'u esa
vkarfjd fodYi gS vkSj izR;sd iz'u ij 04 vad vkcafVr gS A mRrj dh vf/kdre
'kCn lhek 75 'kCn A
Q. No. 11 to 14 are short answer type question & it carries 04 markseach. Each question has internal choice. Word limit is maximum 75.
39virendra
6- iz'u Øekad 15 ls iz'u Øekad 17 rd nh?kZmRrjh; iz'u gS A izR;sd iz'u esa
vkarfjd fodYi gS vkSj izR;sd iz'u ij 05 vad vkcafVr gS A mRrj dh vf/kdre
'kCn lhek 100 'kCn A
Q. No. 15 to 17 are long answer type question & it carries 05 markseach. Each question has internal choice. Word limit is maximum 100.
7- iz'u Øekad 18 vkSj 19 rd nh?kZmRrjh; iz'u gS A izR;sd iz'u esa vkarfjd
fodYi gS vkSj izR;sd iz'u ij 06 vad vkcafVr gS A mRrj dh vf/kdre 'kCn
lhek 150 'kCn A
Q. No. 18 to 19 are long answer type question & it carries 06 markseach. Each question has internal choice. Word limit is maximum 150.
40virendra
iz’u 1& [k.M ^v* @ [k.M ^v* @ [k.M ^v* @ [k.M ^v* @ [k.M ^v* @ Section (A)
lgh fodYi pqfu,%&lgh fodYi pqfu,%&lgh fodYi pqfu,%&lgh fodYi pqfu,%&lgh fodYi pqfu,%&
Choos the correct alternative :-
(i) 'khrdky esa if{k;ksa vkSj tho tUrqvksa dk 'kj.kxkg gS & ¼1½
v- dPN ouLifr;k¡ c- vknzZ Hkwfe
l- izoky fHkfRr;k¡ n- buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Write the winter season birds and other living organisms take shelter in -
(a) Mangrave Vegetation (b) Dry land
(c) Coral reefs (d) None of the above
(ii) Hkkjr esa tSo e.My izkj{k.k dh dqy la[;k gS & ¼1½
v- 12 c- 13
l- 14 n- 15
The number of biosphere resenes in India is -
(a) 12 (b) 13
(c) 14 (d) 15
(iii) jsfM;ks/kehZ inkFkZ ds fo[k.Mu ls fuEu izkIr ugha gksrk & ¼1½
v- α & fdj.k c- β & fdj.k
l- γ & fdj.k n- θ & fdj.k
Due to the breaking of a radio active material the following is not given out
(a) α rays (b) β rays
(c) γ rays (d) θ rays
(iv) /kqU/k ,oa dksgjs dk Nk;k jguk gksrk gS & ¼1½
v- ty iznw"k.k ds dkj.k c- ok;q iznw"k.k ds dkj.k
l- jsfM;ks,fDVo iznw"k.k ds dkj.k n- buesa ls dksbZ ugha A
The occurence of log and mist is due to
(a) Water pollution (b) Air pollution
(c) Radio active pollution (d) None of the above
(v) ok;qe.Myh; izdksi ugha gS & ¼1½
v- HkwdEi c- ck<+
41virendra
l- lw[kk n- pØokr
It is not an atmospharic disaster-
(a) Earthquake (b) Floods
(c) Drought (d) Cyclone
[k.M ^c* @ Section (B)
fjDr LFkku dh iwfrZ dhft,&fjDr LFkku dh iwfrZ dhft,&fjDr LFkku dh iwfrZ dhft,&fjDr LFkku dh iwfrZ dhft,&fjDr LFkku dh iwfrZ dhft,&
Fill in the blanks-
(i) dy dkj[kkuksa esa ---------------- ;U= yxkuk pkfg, A ¼1½
................. equipment mast be used in factories.
(ii) Hkkjr esa izfro"kZ ------------------- ds cjkcj tula[;k c<+rh gS A ¼1½
Every year India has increase in population by a size of ..................
(iii) gfjr x`g izHkko esa N2O dk ;ksxnku ------------------ gS A ¼1½
The contribution of N2O in the green house effect is ...................
(iv) fpidks vkanksyu dh 'kq:vkr lu~ --------------- bZ- esa gqbZ A ¼1½
Chipko movement was started in the year ....................
(v) ikfjfLFkfrdh fodkl f'kfoj dk mn~ns'; --------------- dk i;kZoj.k lq/kkj esa lfØ;
lg;ksx ysuk gS A ¼1½
The aim of Eco-development camp is to make active participation of ..................
in environment improvement.
iz'u 2& Ñ"kd dks Qly esa fdrus ikuh dh vko';drk gS] bldh tkudkjh D;ksa gksuh
pkfg, A ¼2½
Why should farmers have a knowladge of how much water is required for the
Crop ?
iz'u 3& jrutksr ikS/ks ls NRrhlx<+ esa fdl inkFkZ dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk jgk gS \ ¼2½
What is produced from Jatropha in Chhattisgarh ?
iz'u 4& rk¡ck v;Ld mR[kuu ls fudyk eyok Hkwfe ij D;k izHkko Mkyrk gS \ ¼2½
What is the effect of the waste obtained during extraction of copper on soil ?
iz'u 5& /ofu iznw"k.k D;k gS \ ¼2½
What is noise pollution ?
42virendra
iz'u 6& [kk| rsy esa izfrcfU/kr jax dh feykoV ls fdl jksx ds mRiUu gksus dh laHkkouk
jgrh gS \ ¼2½
Which disease can be caused due to the mixing of banned colours in edible Oil?
iz'u 7& okgfud iznw"k.k dks fu;af=r djus ds dksbZ rhu mik; fyf[k, A ¼1$1$1½
Write any three measures of controllong of vehicular pollution ?
iz'u 8& gkbMªkstu ds bZ/ku ds :i es aiz;ksx dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, D;k iz;kl fd;s tk
jgs gSa \ ¼3½
What effort are being made to enchance the use of hydrogen as fuel ?
iz'u 9& ladVxzLr tho iztkfr;ksa ds fy, oU; tho ¼laj{k.k½ vf/kfu;e 1972 dk D;k
egRo gS \ ¼3½
What is the importance of wild life conservation act 1972 for the endangered
species ?
iz'u 10& fdUgh rhu elkyksa ds uke ,oa muesa feykoV fd;s tkus okys inkFkksZ ds uke
fyf[k, A ¼3½
Write the names of any three spices and the name of substances mixed in it.
iz'u 11& NRrhlx<+ dks gcZy LVsV jkT; D;ksa ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k \ ¼4½
Why is Chhattisgarh declared as harbal State ?
^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok OR**********
NRrhlx<+ jkT; }kjk ?kksf"kr ou uhfr D;k gS \ ¼4½
What is the forest policy declared by Chhattisgarh state ?
iz'u 12& ,d LFkku ij ck¡/k cuus ds dkj.k Mwc ls izHkkfor {ks= ds yksxksa ds vU;=
foLFkkiu ,oa i;kZoj.k ij iM+us okys pkj dkj.kksa dks fyf[k, A ¼4½
Write any four effects, of the displacement of the people of submerged area
during the dam construction on environment and life.
^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok OR**********
ekuoÑr xfrfof/k;ksa ds dkj.k yksxksa dk iquZLFkkiu o iquokZlu ds pkj dkj.kksa
dks fyf[k, A ¼4½
Write any four causes of rehabilitation and re estabilishment due to human in-
duced activities.
43virendra
iz'u 13& gfjr x`g izHkko dk ukekafdr vkjs[k cukb, A ¼2$2½
Draw a labelled ray diagram of green house effect.
^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok OR**********
vEyh; o"kkZ dk ukekafdr vkjs[k cukb, A ¼2$2½
Draw a labelled ray diagram of acid rain fall.
iz'u 14& lL;korZu D;k gS \ blls e`nk dks D;k ykHk gS \ ¼2½
What is crop ratation ? How is it beneficial for soil ?
^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok OR**********
d.Vwj Ñf"k ls D;k le>rs gSa \ blls e`nk dks D;k ykHk gS \ ¼2$2½
What do you understand by contour cultivation ? How is it beneficial for soil?
iz'u 15& leqnzh iznw"k.k D;k gS \ leqnzks ds O;kid :i ls iznwf"kr djus okys dkjdksa dk
o.kZu dhft, A ¼1$4½
What is marine pollution ? Describe the various factors that pollute the sea
widely.
^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok OR**********
e`nk iznw"k.k D;k gS \ e`nk iznw"k.k ds ekuoh; dkj.kksa dk o.kZu dhft, A ¼1$4½
What is soil pollution ? Discribe the anthropogenic causes of soil pollution.
iz'u 16& vPNs i;kZoj.k gsrq dkSu&dkSu ls fØ;kdyki djus pkfg, \ laf{kIr esa o.kZu
dhft, A ¼5½
What are the healthy activities that one should do for healthy environment ?
Describe in brief.
^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok OR**********
i;kZoj.k tutkx`fr dk;ZØe dkSu&dkSu ls gSa \ izR;sd dk o.kZu dhft, A ¼2$3½
What are the programmes of public awareness for environment ? Describe each
in brief.
iz'u 17& fuEu ij laf{kIr VhIi.kh fyf[k, & (2½+2½)
¼1½ dPN ouLifr;k¡ ¼2½ izckyfHkfRr;k¡
Write short notes on :-
(1) Mangrove Vegetation (2) Coral Reefs.
44virendra
^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok OR**********
fuEu ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k, & (2½+2½)
¼1½ vknzZ Hkwfe ¼2½ okVj'kSM izcU/k dk egRo
Write short notes on :-
(1) Dry land (2) Water shed management.
iz'u 18& ou izcU/k gsrq D;k&D;k ljdkjh iz;kl fd;s tk jgs gSa \ izR;sd dk laf{kIr o.kZu
dhft, A ¼6½
What are the efforts made by the government for forest management ? Describe
each effort in brief.
^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok OR**********
Hkwfe D;k gS \ Hkwfe ds u"V vFkok nwf"kr gksus ds dkj.kksa dks fyf[k, A blds cpko
ds D;k&D;k mik; gSa \ (1+2½+2½)
What is land ? write the reasons of land deterioration and pollution. What are
the means of its protection ?
iz'u 19& ty iznw"k.k dk tho&tUrqvksa ij D;k izHkko iM+rk gS \ ty iznw"k.k fu;a=.k ds
mik; fyf[k, A ¼2$4½
What are the effect of water pollution on living organisms ? Write the mea-
sures of controlling water pollution.
^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok ^^vFkok OR**********
ok;q iznw"k.k dk ekuo LokLF; ij D;k izHkko iM+rk gS \ okgfud ok;q iznw"k.k dks
fu;af=r djus ds mik; fyf[k, A ¼3$3½
What are effects of air pollution on human health ? Write the measures of con-
trolling vehicle pollution.
&&00&&
45virendra
^^lsEiy mRrj**^^lsEiy mRrj**^^lsEiy mRrj**^^lsEiy mRrj**^^lsEiy mRrj**
[k.M & ^v*
mRrj &
(i) c & vknzZ Hkwfe
(ii) l & 14
(iii) n & θ & fdj.k
(iv) c & ok;q iznw"k.k ds dkj.k
(v) v & Hkwdai
^[k.M c*
mRrj &
(i) & iznw"kd fu;a=d
(ii) & vkLVªsfy;k ns'k
(iii) & 6 izfr'kr
(iv) & 1973
(v) & ;qok oxZ
mRrj 2& Ñ"kd dks Qly esa fdrus ikuh dh vko';drk gS ;g tkudkjh gksuk blfy,
vko';d gS ftlls og ikuh dk nq:i;ksx jksd lds A
mRrj 3& jrutksr ikS/ks ls NRrhlx<+ esa ouLifr rsy ls ck;ks Mhty dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk
jgk gS A
mRrj 4& rk¡ck v;Ld mR[kuu ls fudyk eyck o"kkZdky esa nwj&nwj rd QSydj laidZ esa
vk;h e`nk dks iznwf"kr dj mldh moZjk 'kfDr de dj nsrk gS A
mRrj 5& og vokafNr vokt ftlls dkuksa esa nnZ o d"V gks] /ofu iznw"k.k dgykrk gS A
;k vU; ij Hkh vad fn;k tk;sxk A
mRrj 6& [kk| rsy esa izfrcaf/kr jax dh feykoV ls dSalj jksx mRiUu gksus dh laHkkouk
gksrh gS A
mRrj 7& okgfud iznw"k.k fu;a=.k ds mik; fuEufyf[kr gSa &
¼1½ cSVjh pfyr okguksa dk vf/kdkf/kd mi;ksx A
46virendra
¼2½ fo|qr pfyr jsy batuksa dk mi;ksx A
¼3½ isVªksfy;e inkFkksZ esa la;ksth inkFkksZ dks feykdj iz;ksx A
;k vU; fy[kus ij vad fn;k tk;sxk A
mRrj 8& gkbMªkstu ds bZ/ku ds :i esa c<+kok nus ds fy, ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; dh
igy ij CNG ls okguksa dks pykus dks vfuok;Z fd;k x;k gS A
mRrj 9& ladVxzLr tho iztkfr;ksa ds fy, oU; tho ¼laj{k.k½ vf/kfu;e 1972 ds varxZr
Ñf"k m|ksx] uxjhdj.k ,oa vkS|ksxhdj.k ls oU; tho vkokl dks lajf{kr djus
dk izko/kku gS A
mRrj 10& elkys dk uke feykoVh inkFkZ
¼1½ filh /kfu;k & LVkpZ] yM+h dk cqjknk
¼2½ filh fepZ & jax fd;k gqvk cqjknk] bZV dk pwjk
¼3½ dkyh fepZ & iihrs ds lw[ks cht
mRrj 11& NRrhlx<+ izkÑfrd n`f"V ls [kfut liank ls oSHko'kkyh jgk gS A ;g izkphure
bfrgkl o laLÑfr dk lk{kh jgk gS] orZeku esa N-x- jkT; }kjk ouksa dks lajf{kr
djus rFkkmlds fpfdRlh; egRo dks tuekul rd igq¡pkus ds fy, egRoiw.kZ
dk;Z fd, tk jgs gSa A ftlls bls vc yksx gcZy LVsV ds uke ls tkuus yxs
gS A
^^vFkok**
NRrhlx<+ jkT; }kjk ouks ds laj{k.k ,oa fodkl gsrq ?kksf"kr ou uhfr fuEukuqlkj
gS &
¼1½ ou {ks=ksa esa Ñf"k okfudh dk;ksZ dks c<+kok fn;k tk,xk A
¼2½ jkT; ds ou xzkeksa dks jktLo xzkeksa esa cnyk tk,xk A
¼3½ jkT; dks gcZy LVsV cukus dh vo/kkj.kk dks ewrZ :i nsus ds fy, y?kq ouksit
vkSj vkS"k/kh; ikS/kksa dks lajf{kr ,oa laof/kZr fd;k tk,xk A
mRrj 12& ,d LFkku ij cka/k cuus ds dkj.k Mwc ls izHkkfor {ks= ds yksxksa ds vU;=
foLFkkiu dk i;kZoj.k ,oa yksxksa ij fofHkUu izdkjksa ls izHkko iM+rk gS A tSls&
¼1½ cfLr;ksa dks uohu {ks=ksa esa clkus ls mudh lkaLÑfrd fojklr u"V gks tkrh gS A
¼2½ ifj;kstuk LFky dh e`nk] ouLifr rFkk vU; thoksa dh {kfr gksrh gS A
47virendra
¼3½ foLFkkfir ifjokjksa dks tgk¡ clk;k tkrk gS] ogk¡ ds i;kZoj.k ij foijhr izHkko
iM+rk gS A
¼4½ u, LFkku ij clus ds dkj.k jkstxkj dh leL;k gksrh gS A
^^vFkok**
ekuoÑr xfrfof/k;ksa ds dkj.k yksxksa dk iquLFkkZiu o iquokZlu fuEu dkj.kksa ls
gks ldrk gS &
¼1½ ;q) dky ds le; lhekorhZ xkaoksa ls yksxksa dks vU;= crk;k tkrk gS A
¼2½ vkS|ksfxdhdj.k ds le; yksxksa dks nwljs LFkkuksa ij clk;k tkrk gS A
¼3½ jsyekxZ] jktekxZ cukrs le; vf/kx`fgr Hkwfe es cls yksxksa dks vU;= clk;k
tkrk gS A
¼4½ cka/kksa ds fuekZ.k {ks= esa ,oa mlds Mwc ls laHkkfor izHkkfor {ks= ds yksxksa dks vU;=
clk;k tkrk gS A
mRrj 13& gfjr x`g izHkko dk vkjs[kgfjr x`g izHkko dk vkjs[kgfjr x`g izHkko dk vkjs[kgfjr x`g izHkko dk vkjs[kgfjr x`g izHkko dk vkjs[k
48virendra
^^vFkok**
vEyh; o"kkZ & ukekafdr vkjs[kvEyh; o"kkZ & ukekafdr vkjs[kvEyh; o"kkZ & ukekafdr vkjs[kvEyh; o"kkZ & ukekafdr vkjs[kvEyh; o"kkZ & ukekafdr vkjs[k
mRrj 14& lL;korZu e`nk laj{k.k dk ,d mik; gS] ;fn e`nk esa izR;sd o"kZ ,d gh izdkj
dh Qly mxkbZ tk, rks e`nk dh moZjk 'kfDr lekIr gksus yxrh gS] vr% e`nk
dh moZjk 'kfDr dks cuk, j[kus ds fy, izR;sd o"kZ Qlyksa esa ifjorZu fd;k tk,
rks bls lL;korZu ;k Qly pØ dgrs gSa A
mnkgj.k& ;fn e`nk esa ,d ckj xsgw¡] dikl] eDdk] vkyq vkfn dh Qly cksus
ds ckn nwljh Qly ngyu dqy ds ikS/kksa dh gksuh pkfg,] bu ikS/kksa dh tM+ksa esa
xkaBs ikbZ tkrh gS] ftuesa mifLFkr thok.kq okrkoj.k dh ukbVªkstu dks Hkwfe esa
fLFkj dj nsrk gS] ftlls moZjk 'kfDr c<+ tkrh gS A
^^vFkok**
d.Vwj Ñf"k&d.Vwj Ñf"k&d.Vwj Ñf"k&d.Vwj Ñf"k&d.Vwj Ñf"k& bl izdkj dh Ñf"k igkM+ksa dh <ykuksa ij vf/kd mi;ksxh gS] [ksrksa
esa ;k <yku okys {ks=ksa esa [kkaps rFkk dVd cuk, tkrs gS] ftlls ikuh blesa :d
tkrk gS A
ykHk& ¼1½ ;g e`nk laj{k.k dh ,d tSfod fof/k gS A
¼2½ blesa e`nk dk vijnu ugha gksrk gS A
mRrj 15& leqnzh iznw"k.k&leqnzh iznw"k.k&leqnzh iznw"k.k&leqnzh iznw"k.k&leqnzh iznw"k.k& leqnzh iznw"k.k ds dkj.k leqnzh tho&tUrq u"V gks jgs gSa A
leqnzh lEink dh gkfu gks jgh gS A
leqnzh iznw"k.k ds izHkkoleqnzh iznw"k.k ds izHkkoleqnzh iznw"k.k ds izHkkoleqnzh iznw"k.k ds izHkkoleqnzh iznw"k.k ds izHkko
(i) ufn;ksa ds lkFk vkus okys iznw"kd ls leqnzh thoksa dk u"V gksuk A
49virendra
(ii) nwf"kr eNyh dks [kkus ls ekuo chekj gks jgk gS A
(iii) leqnz esa nq?kZVuko'k isVªksfy;e inkFkksZ ds fjlko ls ekuo] eNfy;ksa ij izHkkoA
(iv) leqnzh xgjkbZ esa mifLFkr jlk;uksa dk mi;ksx vkS"k/kh fuekZ.k esa gks jgk gS]
iznw"k.k ls bu inkFkksZ dh xq.koRrk izHkkfor gksrh gS A
(v) leqnzh iznw"k.k ls ew¡xs dh mit de gks jgh gS & xgjh vkfFkZd {kfr A
(vi) ijek.kq ijh{k.k ls leqnzh tho jsfM;ks/kfeZrk ls izHkkfor gks x, gS] tks dSalj
mRifRr dk dkj.k cu x, gSa A
^^vFkok**
e`nk iznw"k.k &e`nk iznw"k.k &e`nk iznw"k.k &e`nk iznw"k.k &e`nk iznw"k.k & e`nk foHkUu izdkj ds [kfut rRoksa] dkcZfud inkFkZ] xSlksa ,oa ty vkfn
rRoksa dk ,d fuf'pr vuqikr esa feJ.k gksrk gS A fdlh dkj.ko'k ljapuk ,oa
xq.koRrk lekIr gks tkrh gS] bls e`nk iznw"k.k dgrs gSa A
e`nk iznw"k.k ds dkj.k &e`nk iznw"k.k ds dkj.k &e`nk iznw"k.k ds dkj.k &e`nk iznw"k.k ds dkj.k &e`nk iznw"k.k ds dkj.k &
¼1½ ou fouk'k
¼2½ e`nk esa jlk;uksa dk mi;ksx
¼3½ vkS|ksfxd vif'k"V
¼4½ uxjh; vif'k"V
mRrj 16& vPNs i;kZoj.k gsrq fØ;kdyki&vPNs i;kZoj.k gsrq fØ;kdyki&vPNs i;kZoj.k gsrq fØ;kdyki&vPNs i;kZoj.k gsrq fØ;kdyki&vPNs i;kZoj.k gsrq fØ;kdyki& i;kZoj.k dks le>us] mlds larqyu mls tu
mi;ksxh cukus gsrq n`f"Vdks.k ges cnyuk gksxk A
izeq[k fØ;kdyki&izeq[k fØ;kdyki&izeq[k fØ;kdyki&izeq[k fØ;kdyki&izeq[k fØ;kdyki&
¼1½ izÑfr esa ekuoÑr i;kZoj.k dh fLFkfr tks ekuo ds nks"kiw.kZ ÑR;ksa ds ckn jg xbZ
gS mls laj{k.k iznku fd;k tk, A
¼2½ iznw"k.k jksdus dkuwuksa dk l[rh ls ikyu djkuk pkfg, A
¼3½ i;kZoj.k f'k{kk dh vko';drk dks yksxksa dks le>k;k tk, A
¼4½ i;kZoj.k vkpkj lafgrk dk fodkl A
¼5½ i;kZoj.k ds {ks= esa izf'kf{kr O;fDr;ksa dh vko';drk ij /;ku A
^^vFkok**
i;kZoj.k tu tkx`fr dk;ZØei;kZoj.k tu tkx`fr dk;ZØei;kZoj.k tu tkx`fr dk;ZØei;kZoj.k tu tkx`fr dk;ZØei;kZoj.k tu tkx`fr dk;ZØe
i;kZoj.k ds izfr tkx`fr ds fy, vusd dk;ZØe pyk, tk jgs gSa tks fuEufyf[kr
gSa &
50virendra
¼1½ ikfjfLFkfrdh fodkl f'kfoj
¼2½ O;k[;ku Ja[kyk
¼3½ izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe
¼4½ fQYe izn'kZu
¼5½ izn'kZfu;k¡ bR;kfn
lk/kkj.k tu ekul dks i;kZoj.k dh fofHkUu leL;kvksa ls voxr djk muls gks
ldus okys nq"ifj.kke dh tkudkjh nh tkrh gS] bu dk;ZØeksa ds lapkyu esa
'kklu ds lkFk Lo;a lsoh laLFkkvksa dh Hkh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gksus yxh gS A
mRrj 17& laf{kIr fVIi.kh&laf{kIr fVIi.kh&laf{kIr fVIi.kh&laf{kIr fVIi.kh&laf{kIr fVIi.kh&
¼1½ dPN ouLifr;k¡&¼1½ dPN ouLifr;k¡&¼1½ dPN ouLifr;k¡&¼1½ dPN ouLifr;k¡&¼1½ dPN ouLifr;k¡&
dPN ouLifr;k¡ fo'o ds Å".k rFkk miks".k dfVca/kh; {ks=ksa dh {kkj lg okfudh
ikfjfLFkrdh O;oLFkk gS ;s cM+h rknkn esa ikS/kksa vkSj tho tUrqvksa dh ,slh
iztkfr;ksa ds laxzg.k {ks= gS] tks ,d yacs fodklØe esa vkil esa laca/k jgs gS] vkSj
ftuesa {kkj lgu djus dh mYys[kuh; {kerk gS] ;s leqnzh rVjs[kk dks fLFkj
djrh gS ,oa leqnz }kjk gks jgs dVko ls rVca/k dh j{kk djrh gS A dPN
ouLifr;k¡ lewps Hkkjrh; leqnz rV ij ifjjf{kr eqgkuksa Tokjh;] rkfM+;ksa] i';
ty] {kkjh; nynyksa vkSj nynyh eSnkuksa esa ikbZ tkrh gS] ;s /kkj.kh; eRL; {ks=
dk lao/kZu Hkh djrh gS ou vkSj i;kZoj.k ea=ky; 1987 ls dPN ouLifr laj{k.k
dk;Z py jgk gS A
¼2½ izoky fHkfÙk;k¡&¼2½ izoky fHkfÙk;k¡&¼2½ izoky fHkfÙk;k¡&¼2½ izoky fHkfÙk;k¡&¼2½ izoky fHkfÙk;k¡&
izoky fHkfÙk;ksa dks vaxzsth esa dksjy dgk tkrk gS] ftls ,d fo'ks"k izdkj ds
tyh; izk.kh ds fy, iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gS A leqnz ds vanj ,d NksVk lk izk.kh
pwus ds [kksy ls fpidk jgrk gS] og ogha ij c<+rk] budh la[;k esa yxkrkj o`f)
ls leqnz ds Hkhrj pqus dk ,d pV~Vku bl izk.kh dh enn ls mHkj dj vkrk gS]
pwus ls fufeZr bl izk.kh vo'ks"k dks izoky fHkfÙk dgrs gS] Hkkjr esa izoky fHkfÙk;ksa
ds izeq[k LFky gSa &
¼1½ vaMeku ,oa fudksckj }hi lewg
¼2½ y{k}hi
51virendra
¼3½ eUukj dh [kkM+h
¼4½ dPN dh [kkM+h
^^vFkok**
¼1½ vknzZ Hkwfe%&¼1½ vknzZ Hkwfe%&¼1½ vknzZ Hkwfe%&¼1½ vknzZ Hkwfe%&¼1½ vknzZ Hkwfe%&
ns'k es avknzZ Hkwfe BaMs vkSj 'kq"d bykds ls ysdj e/; Hkkjr esa dfVca/kh; ekulwuh
bykds vkSj nf{k.k ds ueh okys bykds esa QSyh gS A ;g ck<+ fu;a=.k esa izHkkoh
gS] vkSj ryNV de djrh gS A ;g {ks= 'khrdky ds fy, if{k;ksa vkSj tho
tUrqvksa ds fy, 'kj.kkxkg gS] fofHkUu izdkj dh eNfy;ksa vkSj tUrqvksa ds iztuu
ds fy, Hkh ;g mRre {ks= gS] leqnzh rqQku vkSj v/kaM ds izHkko dks lgu djus
dh mPp {kerk buesa gksrh gS] ;g leqnzh rV js[kk dks fLFkj djrh gS A
¼2½ okVj 'kSM iz.kkyh dk egRo&¼2½ okVj 'kSM iz.kkyh dk egRo&¼2½ okVj 'kSM iz.kkyh dk egRo&¼2½ okVj 'kSM iz.kkyh dk egRo&¼2½ okVj 'kSM iz.kkyh dk egRo&
okVj 'kSM izca/k eq[; :i ls oukjksi.k ,oa okVj 'ksM ij vk/kkfjr Ñf"k Hkwfe ds
fodkl ds fy, vPNs cht moZjd csgrj Ñf"k Hkwfe] midj.k ,oa csgrj Ñf"k
foKku fof/k;ksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS A O;kid okVj 'ksM fodkl dk;ZØe Ñf"k
fodkl ,oa mRiknu c<+kus ds fy, vf/kd izHkkoh i)fr gS A
mRrj 18& ou izca/ku gsrq ljdkjh iz;kl&
ouks ds laj{k.k lEcU/kh uhfrxr fn'kk&funsZ'kksa esa ouksa ij vkfJr O;fDr;ksa dh
bZa/ku] pkjk] xSj bekjrh] ou mRiknu vkSj bekjrh ydM+h dh vko';drk ek¡x
dks lokZf/kd egRo fn;k x;k gS A
la;qDr ou izcU/ku dk;ZØe ds izeq[k fl)kar fuEufyf[kr gS &
¼1½ g`kl gksrs gq, cM+s ou {ks= dks LFkk;h leqnk; dh Hkkxhnkjh ls iqu% gjk&Hkjk
cuk;k tk ldrk gS A
¼2½ LFkkuh; leqnk; dh ou laj{k.k vkSj ou dh mRikndrk c<+kus esa Hkkx ysuk ckgj
ds O;fDr;ksa dks ;kstuk ls vyx j[kk tk;s A
Hkkjr esa la;qDr ou izcU/ku iz.kkyh ds varxZr 15000 xzkeou lfefr;k¡ yxHkx
20 yk[k gsDVs;j {ks= esa u"V gks jgs ouksa dk izcU/k dj jgh gSa A
^^vFkok**
Hkwfe D;k gS &Hkwfe D;k gS &Hkwfe D;k gS &Hkwfe D;k gS &Hkwfe D;k gS & Hkwfe i`Foh dk og Hkkx gS] ftl ij ge fuokl djrs gSa] i'kq]
52virendra
i{kh] vkSj lHkh tho tUrq jgrs gSa] ftl ij isM+ ikS/ks o ouLifr mxrs gS A i`Foh
ds vanj vusd izkÑfrd lalk/ku Hkjs gSa A ;g iwjh i`Foh dk 3@10 Hkkx gS] vkSj
bls LFkye.My dgrs gSa A
Hkwfe ds u"V ;k nwf"kr gksus ds dkj.k &Hkwfe ds u"V ;k nwf"kr gksus ds dkj.k &Hkwfe ds u"V ;k nwf"kr gksus ds dkj.k &Hkwfe ds u"V ;k nwf"kr gksus ds dkj.k &Hkwfe ds u"V ;k nwf"kr gksus ds dkj.k &
¼1½ Hkwfe {kj.k& rst o"kkZ] vka/kh ,oa rwQku ls feV~Vh dh Åijh lrg dqN gh fnuksa
esa cg tkrh gS] tcfd blds cuus esa cgqr vf/kd le; yxrk gS] vr% feV~Vh dh
j{kk djuk vko';d gS] Hkwfe {kj.k ty ,oa ok;q nksuks ls gksrk gS A
¼2½ Hkwfe iznw"k.k& Hkwfe ds HkkSfrd jklk;fud ;k tSfod xq.kksa esa ,slk dksbZ Hkh vokaf{kr
ifjorZu ftldk izHkko euq"; rFkk vU; thoksa ij iM+s vFkok Hkwfe dh izkÑfrd
xq.koRrk rFkk mi;ksfxrk u"V gks Hkwfe iznw"k.k dgykrk gS A
mRrj 19& ty iznw"k.k dk tho tUrqvksa ij iM+us okyk izHkko&ty iznw"k.k dk tho tUrqvksa ij iM+us okyk izHkko&ty iznw"k.k dk tho tUrqvksa ij iM+us okyk izHkko&ty iznw"k.k dk tho tUrqvksa ij iM+us okyk izHkko&ty iznw"k.k dk tho tUrqvksa ij iM+us okyk izHkko&
ty ds fuf'pr HkkSfrd] jklk;fud ,oa tSfod xq.k gksrs gSa] tc bu xq.kksa esa fdlh
vU; dkj.kksa ls ifjorZu vk tkrk gS rFkk blds PH eku es aifjorZu gks tkrk gSA
bl n'kk esa ;g 'kq) ty iznwf"kr ty dgykrk gS A iznwf"kr ty dk izÑfr ds
vU; inkFkksZ ij udkjkRed izHkko iM+us yxrk gS A izÑfr esa fo|eku ekuo
ftlds fy, ty gh thou gS A bl iznwf"kr ty ds mi;ksx esa gStk] VkbQkbM]
Mk;fj;k] isfpl ,oa ihfy;k jksxksa ls izHkkfor gks tkrk gS A dHkh&dHkh rks nwf"kr
ty ds lsou ls vusd izdkj ds isV laca/kh fodkj Hkh mRiUu gks tkrs gSa A
okgfud iznw"k.k dks fu;af=r djus ds mik;okgfud iznw"k.k dks fu;af=r djus ds mik;okgfud iznw"k.k dks fu;af=r djus ds mik;okgfud iznw"k.k dks fu;af=r djus ds mik;okgfud iznw"k.k dks fu;af=r djus ds mik;
¼1½ Mhty jsy ds batuksa ds LFkku ij fo|qr pfyr jsy batuksa dk mi;ksx fd;k tkuk
pkfg, A
¼2½ cSVjh pfyr okguksa dk vf/kdkf/kd mi;ksx fd;k tkuk pkfg, A
¼3½ lhlk&jfgr isVªksy rFkk Mhty esa la;ksth inkFkksZ dks feykdj okguksa esa iz;ksx
djus ls ok;q iznw"k.k dks de fd;k tk ldrk gS A
¼4½ vR;f/kd ok;q iznw"k.kdkjh okguksa ij ikcanh rFkk vU; okguksa ls mRiUu /kq,¡ dk
ekudhdj.k ls vf/kd Lrj gksus ij dkuwuh dk;Zokgh dk izko/kku gksuk pkfg, A
¼5½ okgu fuekZ.k djus okyh daifu;ksa tks iznw"k.k inkFkZ de ek=k esa mRlftZr gks A
53virendra
^^vFkok**^^vFkok**^^vFkok**^^vFkok**^^vFkok**
ok;q iznw"k.k dk ekuo LokLF; ij iM+us okyk izHkkook;q iznw"k.k dk ekuo LokLF; ij iM+us okyk izHkkook;q iznw"k.k dk ekuo LokLF; ij iM+us okyk izHkkook;q iznw"k.k dk ekuo LokLF; ij iM+us okyk izHkkook;q iznw"k.k dk ekuo LokLF; ij iM+us okyk izHkko
ok;q iznw"k.k ls euq"; ds LokLF; ij cgqr cqjk izHkko iM+rk gS A blls
'olu&laca/kh cgqr ls jksx tSls& QsQM+ks dk dSalj] vLFkek vkSj QsQM+ksa ls
lEcfU/kr nwljs jksx gks tkrs gSa A ok;q esa foifjr cgqr lh /kkrqvksa ds d.k vusd
ls jksx mRiUu djrs gSa A lhls ds d.k fo'ks"k :i ls ukM+h e.My ls jksx mRiUu
djrs gSa A ukbVªkstu vkDlkbZM ls QsQM+ksa g`n; vkSj vk¡[kksa ds jksx] [kk¡lh o lhus
esa nnZ mRiUu djrh gS A
okrkoj.k esa dkcZu eksuksvkDlkbZM dh mifLFkr gksus ls euq"; ds jDr esa
gheksXyksfcu ds v.kq vkDlhtu dh rqyuk esa 200 xquk vf/kd rsth ls Co2 ds
v.kqvksa ls tqMus yxrs gSa] ftlls 'olu esa ?kqVu eglwl gksus yxrh gS A vf/kd
le; rd bl ifjfLFkfr esa jgus ij ne ?kqVus ls e`R;w gks tkrh gS A
jklk;fud xSl la;U=ksa rFkk ukfHkdh; ifj;kstukvksa ls ok;qe.My esa
fuLrkfjr gksus okys fofHkUu fo"kSys jklk;fud inkFkZ viuk nh?kZdkyhu izHkko
euq";ksa ds LokLF; ij NksM+rs gSa A mnkgj.k Lo:i 1984 dks Hkkjr esa gqbZ Hkksiky
xSl =klnh esa feFkkbZy vklkslkbusV ds fjlko ds dkj.k vusd yksx ekjs x;s Fks]
tcfd bl xSl ds izHkko ds dkj.k vusd xHkZorh efgykvksa ds xHkZLFk f'k'kq ejs
gq, iSnk gq, Fks A blh izdkj fgjksf'kek o ukxklkdh ij f}rh; fo'o ;q) esa
fxjk;s x;s v.kq ceksa fd fofdj.kksa ds izHkko ls vkt Hkh ogka cgqr ls f'k'kq viax
rFkk ekufld :i ls fof{kIr iSnk gksrs gSa A
&&00&&