LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells Snapshot 1. Make a hypothesis about the following. The time for different

LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells

Snapshot

1. Make a hypothesis about the following. The time for different size water drops to

fall through vegetable oil. How high an ice cube will float in different

temperatures of water.

LS.2 Cells

The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells


Microscopes

As microscopes got better More info was found out about cells Most cells are so small they can’t be seen

without a microscope 1st Microscope

• Mid- 1600s• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek


Cells

The smallest part of every living thing Discovered by Scientist Robert Hooke

Used magnifying glassLooked at corkSaw empty rooms = cells


Cell Theory

Cells are the building blocks of life Robert Hooke 1665

All living things are made of cells 1830s --Schwann- all animals are made up of

cells 1830s --Schleiden- all plants are made up of

cells All cells come from pre-existing cells

Virchow 1858


2 Main Types of Cells

ProkaryoticNo bound nucleus Oldest kind of cells

• Bacteria Kingdom

EukaryoticBound nucleus & organelles

• Plant, Animal, Fungi, Protista Kingdom


Snapshot

1. ______ are the building blocks of life.

2. Schwann said that all _____ were made of cells.

3. _____ says that all living things are made of cells and that cells come from ______ cells.

4. ______ help us to know more about cells.


Organelles

Plant Cells

3 C’s1. Cell Wall2. Central Vacuole3. Chloroplast

Bound structures in cells that have specific job (functions) Most found in Eukaryotic Plant & Animal Cells

Animal Cells1. Nucleus2. Cell Membrane3. Cytoplasm4. Mitochondrion5. Vacuole6. Ribosomes7. DNA

8. Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Smooth

9. Golgi Bodies/ Apparatus10. Lysosome


Nucleus

“The Brain” Tells other organelles

what to do Has outer membrane

called nuclear membrane


Cell Membrane

Outer layer of cellOutermost in animals

“Gate”Decides what can

come in & leave the cell


Cell Wall

Outermost layer in plant cells

Gives cell shape Made of cellulose


Cytoplasm

Jelly-like fluid in cells Holds other organelles


Snapshot

1. _____ was the first person to observe the cell.

2. The _____ states that all living things are made up of cells.

3. Cells only come from _____ cells.

4. What organelles do plant cells have that animals cells do not?


Mitochondrion

“Powerhouse” Where energy is

created in the cell


Vacuole

Empty sacks “Storage Bins” Used for storage

WaterWasteFood


Central Vacuole

Extremely large vacuole

Found in plant cells Used mainly for water

storage


Ribosomes

Make proteins for the cell

Small beadsFound on rough ERLoose in cytoplasm


Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

“Postman” 2 Types

Smooth Rough

• Has ribosomes on it Folded membranes Transportation system in cell

found near nucleus Ships things around the cell

• From nucleus to other organelles


DNA

“Molecule of life” Deoxyriobnucleic acid Genetic material Found in nucleus

Used to make new cells


Chloroplast

where plants make their food

Contain chlorophyllGreen pigment


Lysosome

Sac full of strong acidsDigestive juicesDestroy wasteOpen up to destroy

cell• Lysis = cell death


Golgi Bodies (Apparatus)

Folded membrane “UPS”

Pack things up to leave cell

• Vesicles• Wrapped packages


Snapshot

1. ________ are the building blocks of life.

2. _______ is the brain of the cell.

3. _______ is responsible for transporting and processing thing inside the cell.

4. Plant cells have ____ more organelles than animal cells


Cell Cycle

Entire life of a cell including growth & reproduction

Repeats over and over (cycleUntil cell dies

3 main partsInterphaseMitosis / MeiosisCytokinesis



Interphase

Longest phase of cell cycle Cell grows DNA is copied

Appear as chromosomes• 2 identical chromatids• Centromere- button holding 2 together

Organelles are duplicated


Chromosomes


Mitosis vs. Meiosis

Nuclear division Occurs in body cells Growth

• Multicellular organisms• Living things w/ 2 or more

cells Reproduction

• Unicellular organisms• Living things w/ only 1

cells Makes 2 identical cells

Nuclear division Occurs in sex cells

• Egg & sperm Growth

• Multicellular organisms• Living things w/ 2 or

more cells Reproduction

• Multicellular “sexual”• combining DNA of 2

organisms Makes 4 cells


Mitosis

It Positively Makes A Twin Celebrate

Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis


Snapshot

The cell cycle has _(1)__ main parts.__(2)___ is the longest phase.

During this phase the cell __(3)___ and __(4)___ and __(5)____ are copied.


Prophase

1st step of Mitosis or Meiosis Spindle fibers form

ThreadsCentrioles appear at poles

• Opposite ends of cells


Metaphase

Centromeres attach to spindle fibers Chromosomes line up in middle

Meta= middle


Anaphase

Spindle fibers tighten Chromosomes break apart at centromere

into chromatids Move to opposite ends of cell


Telophase

2 Nuclear membranes formAround each set of chromosomes

Chromosomes appear as chromatin (stringy threads)

Last step of mitosis


Cytokinesis

Cell divisionAnimal cells

• Cell membrane pinches inPlant cells

• New cell wall begins to formTwo new daughter cells

• Identical nucleus• Identical chromosomes

• TWINS!!!!!!


Snapshot

1. Put the steps of the cell cycle in order starting with interphase.

2. During _____ the chromosomes line up in the middle.

3. At the end of telophase there are 2 identical ____.

4. After cytokinesis & mitosis there are 2 identical ______ ______ with the _____ number of chromosomes.


Snapshot

1. The scientist who named the cell was _____.

2. DNA is located in the ________ of the cell.

3. DNA is ___________________.


Snapshot

Compare & contrast renewable vs.

nonrenewable resources (use a venn diagram)

Documents

LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells Snapshot 1. Make a hypothesis about the following. The time for different